interpretation booklet of the barrington tops region · in the great lakes district there were two...

Interpretation Booklet

OPS-GEN-MAN-001

Interpretation Booklet of the

Barrington Tops region

Document Control

Document Title Interpretation Booklet

Document Type Information Booklet

Document Number OPS-GEN-IS-001

Date Originated 13 June 2012

Author Amy Halligan

Authorised By

Revision Number 1

Revision Date 5/10/13

Reason Revised Update


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Contents 1. Interpretation Basics .............................................................................................................. 4

1.1. What is Interpretation? .................................................................................................... 4

1.2. Principles of Interpretation .............................................................................................. 4

1.3. The Audience .................................................................................................................... 4

1.4. The Essentials .................................................................................................................. 4

2. Indigenous Community ........................................................................................................... 4

2.1. The Steps of Girriba ......................................................................................................... 4

2.2. The Kattang Language .................................................................................................... 5

2.2.1. Word Meanings ........................................................................................................ 5

2.3. The History of the Worimi People ................................................................................... 6

2.4. Further Information ......................................................................................................... 7

3. Bushrangers ............................................................................................................................ 9

3.1. Captain Thunderbolt ........................................................................................................ 9

4. Climate .................................................................................................................................. 10

4.1. Climate Change .............................................................................................................. 10

4.1.1. What Is Climate Change ........................................................................................ 10

4.1.2. Climate Change Impacts to the Hunter Region ................................................... 10

4.2. Local Area Climate ......................................................................................................... 11

5. Copeland Tops ...................................................................................................................... 12

5.1. Copeland Gold ................................................................................................................ 12

5.2. Copeland People ............................................................................................................ 12

5.3. Flora ................................................................................................................................ 13

5.3.1. Dry Rainforest......................................................................................................... 13

5.3.2. Subtropical Rainforest ........................................................................................... 13

5.3.3. Open Forest ............................................................................................................ 13

5.4. Fauna .............................................................................................................................. 13

5.4.1. Mammals ................................................................................................................ 13

5.4.2. Birds ........................................................................................................................ 13

5.4.3. Amphibians and Reptiles ....................................................................................... 13

6. Barrington Tops .................................................................................................................... 14

6.1. Barrington Tops Tour Interpretation Procedure ........................................................... 14

6.2. Modern History ............................................................................................................... 14

6.3. Barrington Tops Climate ................................................................................................ 14

6.4. Geology ........................................................................................................................... 14


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6.5. Flora ................................................................................................................................ 15

6.5.1. Rainforests ............................................................................................................. 15

6.5.2. Grassy Woodlands ................................................................................................. 16

6.5.3. Grasslands .............................................................................................................. 17

6.5.4. Freshwater Wetlands ............................................................................................. 17

6.6. Fauna .............................................................................................................................. 17

6.6.1. Mammals ................................................................................................................ 17

6.6.2. Birds ........................................................................................................................ 18

6.6.3. Amphibians and reptiles ........................................................................................ 19

6.6.4. Invertebrates .......................................................................................................... 19

7. Species Identification ........................................................................................................... 20

7.1. Flora ................................................................................................................................ 20

7.2. Fauna .............................................................................................................................. 36


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1. Interpretation Basics

1.1. What is Interpretation? “Interpretation” is an educational communication technique in which the educator portrays

information to their audience in a way that is pleasurable, relevant, organised and thematic.

Interpretation methods should result in a mindful, interesting and positive experience for the

audience, rather than an overload of factual information.

For more information on what is interpretation and techniques see Sam Ham’s book “Environmental

Interpretation; A practical guide for people with big Ideas and small budgets. “

1.2. Principles of Interpretation Interpretation should be meaningful, it should provoke curiosity, and interest with the ultimate

goal of educating the audience. To do this the interpretation must relate in some way to the

participants personality and/or experience.

Information is only a part of interpretation. It should enlighten the audience and involve all the

senses and styles of learning.

Inspire your audience by:

Being relevant and interactive

Satisfying visitor curiosity

Creating meaning

Providing entertainment

Provoking thought

1.3. The Audience Interpretive audiences are special because:

They are participating of their own free will

In their own time

They want to see something in a new way

They are seeking inspiration and recreation

1.4. The Essentials These relate to the theme or general topic

Natural - care for the environment

Cultural - preservation of the language

Must relate to the specific audience and their characteristics

Must be appropriate to the setting and context in which the interpretation is taking place

The methods used to communicate the ideas and feelings, should encompass all learning

styles and should help the message to provoke change if necessary.

2. Indigenous Community

2.1. The Steps of Girriba When BOAC took over a lease on the Manchester Road campground, we were faced with the

difficult decision of finding a suitable name for the site. “The Steps” as it was previously known


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had a lot of negative connotations due to the poor governance of previous managers. And yet, it

was what everyone knew the site as. We also wanted to honour the Aboriginal history of the land

and respect the traditional owners. After much thought and even a few arguments, we all settled

on “The Steps of Girrba”. It may seem a strange and even cumbersome collection of words and

yet it says so much in one phrase.

“The Steps” obviously refers to the site’s previous name but also celebrates the spectacular

rapid to which the campsite is adjacent.

“Girrba” is a Kattang word meaning stirring up in order to promote growth. The concept of stirring

up in order to promote growth appealed to us on many levels. Firstly, we plan to stir up the

campsite somewhat by returning to native vegetation and restoring the river’s riparian zone, this

in turn allows the river to do its job of promoting growth. Secondly, the addition of the camp

ground caused a sizable stir in the already busy BOAC business (and we certainly hope it will

promote growth). And finally, on a more personal level, we find that spending time in the

presence of nature and connecting with the land promotes personal growth within us all, and it is

this more than anything that we hope to pass onto those that pass through the campsite.

So if you put it all together, The Steps of Girrba is a place to undertake some stirring steps

towards growth. And if this all sounds a bit hippy for you, just enjoy the view!

2.2. The Kattang Language We found the word Girrba in a Kattang Language dictionary given to us by some friends in

Forster. The Kattang language is the language of the Biripi, Dunggatti and Worimi peoples of the

Mid North Coast.

Girrba is pronounced: G as in dog, I as in bin, rr as a rolled ‘r’ sound and ba as in but.

2.2.1. Word Meanings

English Kattang English Kattang

Bandicoot Balbu Cattle Bulang

Bandicoot Wirra Cockatoo Gugadu

Bat Gulanggulang Creek Dung[g]an

Beech Tree Gulang[g]a-bang Diamond Snake Guwalgalin

Birds Nest Fern Birrambirr Dingo Dhabin

Black Snake Badjay Dingo (one which bites) Badjigan

Black Snake Mudu Dingo (Wild Dog) Nadjidjang

Blue Tongue Lizard Baaray Dog Gugang

Boat MaRuway Dug Out Canoe GulamaN

Brown Bandicoot Bugan East Baarr

Brown Snake Gawurrli Fly Burulung

English Kattang English Kattang

Camp Yumbunga Flying Fox Gunggarr

Camp Fire Nugurra Flying Squirrel Baling

Canoe Guyang Food Buudja

Fresh Water Ngadjung Possum Bilu

Glider Possum Banggu Possum Mawiyn


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Goodbye Yii-ga Rain Guwlwayn

Green Tree Snake Galan,gan Rain Malu

Hill Yunhgu/Yuyngu Rainbow Dharrumirr

Kangaroo Bandarr Ridge Yunhgu/Yuyngu

Kangaroo Wabarr Ringtail Possum Bugarr/bugari

Koala Gula/Gulawayn River Badu

Kookaburra Gaagu River Bila

Kookaburra Gugindi River (bend) Bulliac

Leech Baman Rock Wallaby BaRay

Lightening DiNam Short Nose Bandicoot Barrga

Lightening Marrgin Smoke Dhuung

Lightening YaDing Stinging Tree Babing-bang

Lizard Wurrbang Storm Malu

Long Nosed Bandicoot Garrgi Swim Bugi/burrugi

Magpie Burrang Thunder Malu

Magpie Ngambul Thunder (sound) Mumba

Moonlight Gilayn-gan Wallaby BaRin

Mosquito Dhubiyn/djubin Wallaby Bulgun

Mosquito Gubal Water Badu

Mountain Balgarr Wet Badu

Mountain Yunhgu/Yuyngu White Cockatoo Garrbay

Paddle Wulang Wild Turkey Ngurrwiyn

Pademelon Wallaby Maguung Winter Dagarr

Platypus Yabii Winter Yidan

2.3. The History of the Worimi People In 1788 there were about 300,000 Aborigines in Australia. They were divided into over 500

tribes, each with its own distinct territory, dialect, customs and history.

The Aborigines were hunters and gatherers who wandered within their own territory in response

to seasonal availability of food, so that the lands' resources could be naturally replenished. For

example, the coastal tribes of New South Wales would move inland during winter to hunt and

then back to the coast in spring and early summer to fish.

In the Great Lakes district there were two tribes - the Biripi, who inhabited the area between

Tuncurry, Taree and Gloucester, and the Worimi, who occupied the land between Barrington Tops

and Forster in the north and Maitland and the Hunter River in the south.

The Worimi was divided into a number of nurras. (Nurras were local groups within tribes, each

occupying a definite locality within the tribal territory). Location of these tribal territories is not

known accurately because of extensive de-tribalisation that occurred after European settlement.

The Worimi and Biripi tribes both spoke dialects of the Kattang language.


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Captain Cook noticed the presence of Aborigines in the Myall Lakes area when he sailed along

the coastline in 1770 and named it Cape Hawke.

However, the first contact that Aborigines had with white people wasn't until 1790 when five

convicts escaped from the Second Fleet. They were "adopted" by Aborigines in the Hawks Nest

area, who thought that they were spirits of ancestors who had returned, and lived with them until

recaptured by Captain William Broughton in 1795.

In 1816 cedar getters and their convict servants started arriving in the Myall and Manning areas.

Their impact was devastating and caused an early dispersal of the tribes. As a result of this

dispersal, the tribal boundaries ceased to be observed and the Biripi and Worimi intermingled

and camped in the same territory.

When the Australian Agricultural Company established its headquarters at Carrington in 1826,

the Aborigines were treated kindly. They migrated toward the settlement, and began to learn the

white man's ways and language, and were employed in many tasks in exchange for food.

However, this migration reduced the number of Aborigines following a traditional life-style,

especially around the lakes.

George Godwin, the first settler to arrive in Forster with a family in 1856, also found the

Aborigines friendly and showed them how to grow corn, till the Barden, split shingles and palings,

and gather oysters and wild honey.

With the withdrawal of the Australian Agricultural Company from the lakes in 1832 and the

arrival of settlers in the Manning Valley in 1831, conditions deteriorated rapidly for the

Aborigines. They lost land, sacred sites and hunting grounds as settlers took up land grants.

Wildlife dwindled as a result of the settlers' guns, timber-getting and cattle grazing. By 1840 the

natural food supplies were almost exhausted.

When the Aborigines, who were suffering from starvation, began killing stock to supplement their

food supply, the settlers retaliated. Hostilities increased on both sides as Aborigines resisted

being driven off the land and the settlers protected their properties and lives. The Aborigines

ambushed settlers, attacked isolated settlements and burnt crops, buildings and the

countryside, while the whites retaliated with random shootings, massacres by settlers,

government troopers and native police (e.g. hundreds were forced over the edge of a cliff at Mt

Mackenzie), poisoning of waterholes, and "gifts" of food laced with arsenic (known as the

"Harmony" policy and widely practiced throughout the Manning River basin, e.g. Upper Gangat,

Wingham and Bellbrook). Under the two-Pronged invasion from the north and south, the

Aborigines retreated or were forced into the rough north-western reaches of the Manning River

and the ranges behind the lakes.

By Mick Leon

2.4. Further Information From the 1860’s to the 1890’s, the Aborigines worked for rations, wages or a combination of

seasonal employment and traditional subsistence harvesting, depending on the area in which

they lived.


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When compulsory education for all children aged between 6 and 14 years was introduced in

1880, Aboriginal children enrolled in local schools. By the mid-1880’s, however, there was a

policy to educate Aborigines separately in their own schools where possible and in 1902 a

regulation was issued which allowed a public school to be racially segregated if there were

any complaints by parents. This led to schools being set up in Aboriginal reserves. These

schools were staffed by untrained teachers who only taught up to 3rd grade level before the

syllabus was extended to 4th grade in 1940. Rarely did Aboriginal students go on to High

School.

A couple of miles from Copeland, there was an aboriginal reserve on the Manning River. The

local cricketers would play an aboriginal team. The tribe would come to see the match but

were too shy to come near the ground.

“The aboriginals were mainly full blood. They didn’t steal, were not vicious, lived happy

carefree lives and minded their own business and expected the whites to do the same. The

tribal chief was Old Tommy and his wife was Nancy. They were very large people, healthy and

strong and quietly spoken. They soon learn pigeon English and were aware of the white’s

dirty tricks. There were no cases of rape, bashings or molesting on either side in 20 years.”


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3. Bushrangers

3.1. Captain Thunderbolt Frederick Ward generated much support and sympathy due to his gentlemanly behaviour and his

tendency to avoid violence in his bushranging escapades. A highly skilled horseman, his strong

self-reliance and physical endurance meant that he could survive in the bush for long stretches

of time.

As a young man, Frederick Ward worked as a horsebreaker and drover on the Tocal Run on the

lower Paterson River and acquired extensive knowledge of horses. He was first arrested in April

1856 for attempting to drove forty-five stolen horses to the Windsor sale yards. Found guilty, he

served four years imprisonment at Cockatoo Island before being released on a ticket-of-leave.

In 1860 he met Mary Ann Bugg who became pregnant with his child. Ward settled her in the

Dungog area, however he was soon in trouble with the authorities for breaking his ticket-of-leave

parole and for horse stealing. He was imprisoned again at Cockatoo Island.

On 11 September 1863 Ward absconded from Cockatoo Island with another prisoner, Fred

Britten, by swimming to the mainland, presumably to the northern peninsula of Woolwich, and

then headed north out of Sydney. Travelling toward New England and then Maitland, Ward began

committing a series of robberies. Enduring bushranger mythology claims the name Captain

Thunderbolt was established when Ward entered the tollbar house on the road between

Rutherford and Maitland and startled the customs officer from his sleep by banging loudly on the

door. The startled officer, Delaney, is purported to remark, 'By God, I though it must have been a

thunderbolt'.

Roaming across a vast area of NSW from the Hunter Valley to the Queensland border, Ward

was sometimes accompanied by Mary Ann and their children. A spree in Dungog, Stroud and

Singleton during November 1863 to January 1864 involved the entire bushranging family. They

were pursued in the rugged hill country near Dungog by police and volunteers, however Ward,

Mary Ann and the children escaped. Thunderbolt fled from his pursuers (on horseback) by

leaping down a cliff face above the Allyn River. Fortunately for the horse, they landed in a sand

bed.

Ward was eventually shot by Captain Walker (an off-duty policeman) in 1870 after a dramatic

showdown when Walker shot Thunderbolt’s horse out from under him in swamp land near Uralla.

Ward's body was taken to Uralla courthouse where photographer, Mr Cunningham of Armidale,

took a portrait. The photograph sold for one shilling a copy. The body was also placed on public

display and hundreds came to observe the famous bushranger in death.


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4. Climate

4.1. Climate Change As part of BOAC’s eco accreditation all staff and volunteers need to be able to

communicate to customers about climate change in the local area.

4.1.1. What Is Climate Change Our planet is surrounded by a blanket of gases which keeps the surface of the earth

warm and able to sustain life. This blanket is getting thicker, trapping in heat as we

release greenhouse gases by burning fossil fuels for energy. By trapping more of the

sun’s heat the earth’s temperature is starting to rise. This phenomenon is known as

Global Warming. Scientific research indicates that, because of climate change, we

may experience more intense and more frequent extreme weather events. The gradual

increase in temperature has major implications for ecosystems, growing seasons,

animals and their delicate habitats.

In just 200 years, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere – the major gas

that causes climate change – has increased by 30 per cent. Concentrations of

greenhouse gases are now higher than at any point in the past 800,000 years with an

average near-surface global temperatures rise of 0.7°C over the past 100 years.

4.1.2. Climate Change Impacts to the Hunter Region Drier Winters (10-20% rainfall decrease)

Hotter Summers (1-3oC)

Up to 50% wetter Summer, Autumn and Spring

El Niño years are likely to continue to be drier than average and become hotter. La

Niña years are likely to continue to be wetter than average, and also to become

warmer. In El Niño events, water stress is likely to be more intense due to higher

temperatures. During La Niña years storms with heavy downpours are projected to

be more frequent.

The frequency of very high or extreme fire-risk days is predicted to increase across

NSW. Increases in temperature, evaporation and high fire-risk days could increase

fire frequency and intensity across the region. The fire season is likely to be

extended as a result of warmer temperatures.

Increased temperatures, drier conditions in winter and the potential for more

frequent bushfires are likely to impact on ecosystems across the region. The inland

ecosystems most at risk are the highly cleared and fragmented forests and

woodlands of the Hunter Valley in the west of the region, where winter drying may

be more extreme. The areas of sub-alpine woodlands, swamps and wetlands of the

Barrington Tops National Park may be affected by increases in temperature and

seasonal drying.

Erosion is likely to increase on the steeper slopes of the hinterland, potentially

shedding substantial quantities of sediment. Soil organic matter content is likely to

improve; however, many soil problems, such as acidification, salinity and mass

movement, are likely to become worse.

Any increase in rainfall intensity in severe storms may impact on flood risk more

broadly across the area. Infrastructure located on the large, low lying floodplains of


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the Hunter River and Karuah/Myall river systems, as well as adjacent to the

estuaries, will be particularly vulnerable.

Overall, there will more likely than not be a slight increase in annual runoff (with

estimates ranging from –5 to +12%) with likely increases in summer and autumn

and decreases in winter and spring.

o In summer, there is very likely to be a major increase in runoff depths (with

estimates ranging from +6% to +19%) and a major increase in the

magnitude of high flows. Current levels of low flows are likely to occur

slightly less frequently.

o In autumn, there will more likely than not be a minor increase in runoff

depths (with estimates ranging from –6% to +15%). There is likely to be a

moderate increase in the magnitude of high flows, and current levels of low

flows will more likely than not occur slightly less frequently.

o In winter, there is likely to be a minor decrease in winter runoff depths (with

estimates ranging from –18% to +8%). There is likely to be a slight decrease

in the magnitude of high flows. Current levels of low flows will more likely

than not occur slightly more frequently.

o In spring, there is likely to be a minor decrease in runoff depths (with

estimates ranging from –10% to +6%). It is very likely that there will be a

slight decrease in the magnitude of high flows. Current levels of low flows

will more likely than not occur slightly more frequently.

o The consequences of the changed catchment runoff for stream flow and

consumptive water users will clearly depend on what part of the reported

range of change is realised, as well as the influence of water infrastructure.

If the drier end of the range were realised, towns with smaller water

storages would need to consider that there is a risk of inflow reductions of

5% to 10% during drier periods.

4.2. Local Area Climate


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5. Copeland Tops

5.1. Copeland Gold Gold was first discovered in Copeland in about 1872.

Mountain Maid discovered by Doust, Gill and Irwin in 1876. Doust sold his third in the mine

for $5. The mine was thought to have yielded $150,000 in gold. The greatest depth of the

mine was 180 feet (54 m)

The miners lived near their mines in houses with bark sides and roof and no nails, the door

was a corn sack

In 1880 8373 ounces of gold was removed from Copeland, in 1881 and 1882 approximately

6000 ounces.

The output dropped rapidly to 39 ounces in 1891 but recovered to 1175 ounces in 1904.

100-500 ounces were recovered each year until 1930

Real mining ceased about 1908.

The recorded total yield of gold from the Mountain Maid to the year 1932 was 417 kg.

Calculated at today’s prices the total value would be 7.375 million dollars and the total gold

taken from the field was 1830 kg.

Mountain Maid was reopened in 1960 by a syndicate of weekend miners from Newcastle.

The mining lease expired in 1980 and cost was prohibitive to continue.

John Dale applied to council to develop a 1880s style gold mine village in 1987.

Copeland was never that productive a gold field due to the lack of water to run the crushing

machines. The town slowly died as the drought set in and gold could not be processed.

There was a comeback during the depression years as there was more hope of finding gold

than a job and families could live off the land (there was no food to buy anyway). At the

beginning of the Second World War, Copeland finally became a ghost town as men were sent

to war and those left moved to the cities for secure jobs and wages.

5.2. Copeland People Copeland was known as Back Creek before 1872

Pop 3000 in 1890 and 8 hotels

Busy village and cleared hills

There was no road, no accommodation and the season was very wet, all they brought, they

had to carry

Later houses were built of pit-sawn timber that was abundantly available and easy to work

Cedar was used for building the hotels

Life for the women was primitive and hard. Although there were creeks, the water was very

hard and unfit for drinking and difficult for washing. The only tanks were square ship types,

generally a well had to be sunk in the creek and the water filtered through the gravel. In very

dry weather the creeks would dry up and the women often rode to the Barrington River to do

their washing. All water for household purposes had to be carried in buckets to a beer keg

outside the kitchen door. Cooking was done on an open fire outside and bread was baked in

a mud oven.

Vegetable gardens were raided by wallabies and possums, fruit by flying foxes, possums, and

bower birds.

The cedar houses disappeared as the settlers from Barrington bought them and re-erected

them on their own farms.


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Copeland held many sporting days including a publican’s race where the publican had to ride

their own horse with only a jockey pad. There were also ladies races. Other events included

bending races, potato races, bulldozing, catching the greasy pig (win the pig), climbing the

greasy pole, flag races, calf riding, pillow fights on a rail, two-legged races, stepping 100 yards

and skipping contests.

5.3. Flora

5.3.1. Dry Rainforest The dry rainforest in the reserve is one of the largest accessible patches of dry rainforest in

the region. It hosts trees such as Shatterwood, Yellow Tulip and Grey Myrtle.

5.3.2. Subtropical Rainforest Subtropical rainforest lies in the moister, more protected gullies of the reserve, typically

containing Moreton Bay Figs, Giant Stinging Trees, Red Carabeens, White Cedar and Red

Cedar. In the understory there are numerous ferns and orchids.

5.3.3. Open Forest The open forest on the ridge tops in the reserve is home to the Craven grey box, only found in

the area surrounding Gloucester. Fast growing Sydney blue gums with smooth white to blue-

grey bark can be found in the moist forest area

5.4. Fauna

5.4.1. Mammals The brush-tailed phascogale, koala and spotted-tailed quoll can be found in the reserve

together with a proliferation of insectivorous microbats. Greater gliders can also be seen at

night with a spotlight. Although not considered a threatened species, greater gliders are a

good indicator of a healthy environment and are a major source of food for many large owl

species.

5.4.2. Birds The diverse flora within Copeland Tops State Conservation Area provides habitat for many

different bird species. Some of the birds in the area include the Glossy Black Cockatoo,

Masked Owl, Sooty Owl, Powerful Owl and Wompoo Fruit-dove. You can often see green

catbirds and their distinctive calls can be heard along bushwalking tracks.

5.4.3. Amphibians and Reptiles The rare stuttering frog can be seen and heard in the reserve. Its distinctive call is a stuttering

'ok…ok…ok' followed by a series of grunts and ork sounds.


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6. Barrington Tops

6.1. Barrington Tops Tour Interpretation Procedure The Barrington Tops Tour Interpretation Procedure is a separate document and can be found

here:

OPS-TOUR-PRO-001 Barrington Tops Tour Interpretation Procedure

Honeysuckle Picnic Area

Ancient Gondwanaland – the forest type in this area is the same as you would have found when the

supercontinent existed. This forest proves the Gondwanaland theory through the existence of this

exact same forest type in South America, New Zealand and frozen Antarctica (ice core sampling).

6.2. Modern History For many years, people tried to open the Barrington Tops up as a Health and Ski resort. They

wanted to develop the area and called it the Kosciusko of the North.

There were many advocates on both sides with naturists wanting to preserve the area and

developers wanting to build on the plains.

In the early days, people rode to the Tops and there are some amazing stories of the snow

and blizzards experienced.

Later motor vehicles were taken to Carey’s Peak and Army four wheel drives were the first to

be taken to what was then considered the highest point.

A large bonfire was lit on Carey’s Peak that could be seen from Newcastle to help the

Newcastle Authorities set a bearing for the Tops.

6.3. Barrington Tops Climate There are three main climatic areas in the Barrington Tops region. To the south and east there is

the typical coastal ranges climate, with high rainfall and humidity giving rise to lush forests. To

the North West lies the Upper Hunter Valley, which has atypical western slopes climate, with fairly

low rainfall and much drier forests, tending to woodlands.

The subalpine climate at the top of the plateau has regular snowfalls in winter and temperatures

generally 15 degrees lower than the surrounding areas.

6.4. Geology Barrington Tops is part of the Mount Royal Range, a spur of the Great Dividing Range. Barrington

Tops is a plateau between two of the large peaks in the range, the park is believed to be an

extinct volcano and the mountain ranges are made up of a mixture of sedimentary rocks with a

granite top. Erosion has weathered the granite and rounded granite boulders can be seen in

some areas of the park. Estimates put the age of the rock at 300 to 400 million years, well

before Australia separated from Gondwanaland.

The bulk of the Barrington Tops plateau consists of sedimentary rocks laid down about 300 to

400 million years ago, into which granite was intruded about 250 million years ago as molten

rock, which solidified a long way below the surface.


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Granite is composed of a mixture of quartz, feldspar and mica, but different proportions of

different types of feldspar, with the addition of small quantities of other minerals can produce a

variety of colours and textures, each of which is given specific names, such as the Granodiorite.

But all are types of granite.

During millions of erosion, some of that granite has become exposed to the atmosphere, with its

typical landscape of rounded boulders, being best displayed between the Dilgry and Manning

Rivers.

The top of the plateau has been capped with layers of basalt, the result of a great deal of

volcanic activity along with what is now the east coast of Australia about 40million years ago,

with flows still totalling a depth of more that 500m today, and creating the very rich soils

responsible for the beautiful grazing country on the north side of the plateau.

Arising from the plateau is a radial drainage system consisting of many streams flowing into

different catchments. Some of the streams include Polblue Creek, Omadale Brook, Hunter River,

Gloucester River, Kohlwa Creek, Beean Beean Creek, Manning River and Barrington River. Water

is filtered through the subalpine wetlands before flowing into streams and off the plateau.

6.5. Flora

6.5.1. Rainforests The park's altitude goes from near sea level to over 1500m, and the terrain ranges from flat

plateau areas to steep ridges and gorges. This has allowed a rich patchwork of plant

communities to flourish.

Except on the subalpine heights of the Barrington Plateau, old-growth rainforests and tall

eucalypt forests dominate the park. You'll find three main types of rainforest: subtropical,

warm temperate and cool temperate.

6.5.1.1. Subtropical Rainforests Subtropical Rainforests grow at around 300m to 600m altitude, in the valleys. Some of

the best examples are on the river flats in the pristine Chichester and Wangat valleys.

In subtropical rainforests, buttress roots, ferns and thick climbing vines fill the scene at

ground level. High on the trees grow epiphytes such as Birds Nest Ferns, Elkhorn Ferns

and Orchids. Expect to see trees such as:

Giant Stinging Tree (Dendrocnideexcelsa)

Socketwood (Daphnandramicrantha)

Pepperberry (Cryptocaryafoveolata)

Red Cedar (Toonaciliata)

Yellow Carabeen (Sloneawoollsii)

Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenixcunninghamia)

Cabbage Palm (Livistonaaustralis)

6.5.1.2. Warm Temperate Rainforest Warm Temperate Rainforest is scarce around the Barrington Tops. There are some in a

small area around Jerusalem Creek.


OPS-GEN-MAN-001

16

Between 600m and 1000m, you'll find a mixture of both subtropical and warm temperate

rainforest plants. Epiphytes are less common at these higher altitudes, and a different

group of trees dominate the forest, including:

Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras)

Corkwood (Caldcluviapaniculosa)

Crabapple (Schizomeriaovata)

Rosewood (Dysoxylumfraseranum)

6.5.1.3. Cool Temperate Rainforest Climbing up to the misty heights, from about 700m to 1500m, you'll find cool temperate

rainforest. These simple but very beautiful rainforests are dominated by a single tree

species: Antarctic Beech (Nothofagusmoorei). The Barrington Tops is the southern limit for

Antarctic beech forest, which grows as far north as southern Queensland.

Soft Tree Ferns (Dicksoniaantarctica) crowd the understorey here, over a ground cover of

ferns and mosses. You may also find trees such as Sassafras, Black Olive Berry

(Elaeocarpusholopetalus) and Brown Barrel (Eucalyptus fastigata).

6.5.1.4. Wet Eucalypt Forests The park's eucalypt forests (also called sclerophyll forests) are just as impressive as the

rainforests. In the lower and mid-altitude sections of the park, tall eucalypts tower over

the rainforest canopy. They include species like:

Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna)

Messmate (Eucalyptus obliqua)

Brown Barrel (Eucalyptus fastigata)

White-topped Box (Eucalyptus quadrangulata)

Tallowwood (Eucalyptus torulosa)

Manna Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis).

Turpentine Trees (Syncarpiaglomulifera) are also common here, though they are not

eucalypts. In drier areas, you'll find open forests of Silvertop Stringybark (Eucalyptus

laevopinea), Grey Gum (Eucalyptus punctata) and New England Blackbutt (Eucalyptus

andrewsii).

6.5.1.5. Montane Forests Up on the plateau, in more sheltered sites and at lower altitudes, you'll come across taller

montane forests, which have a more crowded canopy. Tree species include:

Snow Gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora ssp. pauciflora)

Mountain Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis)

Messmate (Eucalyptus obliqua)

Brown Barrel (Eucalyptus fastigata)

Manna Gum (Eucalyptus viminalis).

6.5.2. Grassy Woodlands The park contains a wide range of woodland eucalypt communities. It's particularly famous

for its more-or-less pristine subalpine woodlands, up on the high tops.

On the plateau, the trees must be able to survive the frosts and snow that are common in

winter. Snow Gum (Eucalyptus pauciflora ssp. pauciflora) and Black Sally (Eucalyptus


OPS-GEN-MAN-001

17

stellulata) are the toughest, growing in low subalpine woodlands on the highest hills and

around the edges of the snow grass plains.

Devils Hole, Thunderbolts Lookout and Polblue Swamp are good places to see these

subalpine woodland communities.

6.5.3. Grasslands Most of the plateau swamps are surrounded by tussock grassland, dominated by Snow Grass

(Poasieberana).

Small shrubs and herbs grow among the clumps of snow grass. Many of them flower in

springtime, including Sun Orchids (Thelymitra spp.), Slender Rice Flowers (Pimelealinifolia)

and Green Hoods (Pterostylis spp.).

6.5.4. Freshwater Wetlands Much of the undulating plateau of the Barrington Tops is made up of gentle basins with snow

grass plains and swamps. Dense, cold air sits in these basins, making 'frost hollows' that are

too cold for trees to grow in.

The swamps soak up and filter runoff from the surrounding woodlands like giant sponges.

They slowly release high-quality water into the Hunter, Barrington and Manning rivers. This

means that the rivers can still flow in dry periods.

6.6. Fauna

6.6.1. Mammals Barrington Tops National Park and State Conservation Area have a great variety of climates,

soils and plant communities. This creates many different habitats for wildlife.

Up in the trees, you could go spotlighting at night for Brushtail and Ringtail Possums, as well

as Greater Gliders. If you're lucky, you might even see a squirrel glider or yellow-bellied glider,

both of which are threatened in NSW.

Koalas, another threatened species, also live in the park's lower-altitude open forests. Be

warned, they're well-camouflaged and are hard to see - either in the day or at night!

Gliders, bats and possums all need tree hollows for breeding and shelter - as do many bird

species. These hollows can take decades to develop, so they are generally only found in the

park's old-growth forest areas.

Plenty of mammals live on the ground. The park's rainforests and wet eucalypt forests are

home to a number of threatened macropods (kangaroos and wallabies), including:

Long-nosed potoroo, which weighs about 1kg and feeds on roots, tubers, fungi, insects

and their larvae

Red-legged pademelon, a medium-sized macropod which mainly eats fallen leaves

Red-necked pademelon, which grazes on the forest floor

Parma wallaby, which was thought to be extinct in NSW until 1967

Rufous Bettong or Rat-Kangaroo. (Rufous means red-brown or rust coloured)

Other forest floor-dwellers include the spotted-tailed quoll (a cat-sized carnivorous marsupial

which also hunts in the trees), the very rare Hastings River mouse, the broad-toothed rat and

two species of bandicoot.

Up around the high tops, you're most likely to see eastern grey kangaroos, wombats, swamp

wallabies and red-necked wallabies, grazing in the grasslands and open forests.


OPS-GEN-MAN-001

18

The sensitive subalpine wetlands on the plateau provide habitat for the threatened broad-

toothed rat. This cold-climate animal was more widespread during the last ice age, but now it

is only found in the Snowy Mountains and on the Barrington Tops. The rats ate snow grass,

and remain active throughout the cold winters. They survive in communal nests made of

grass - even under the snow.

6.6.2. Birds Many species are easy to spot. In the forests, you're fairly likely to bump into a superb

lyrebird. The piercing calls and clever mimicry of the male birds ring through the bush,

especially in winter and spring. Brush turkeys are also fairly easy to see, particularly in

rainforest picnic areas. If they come scrounging, please don't feed them.

Other common rainforest birds include:

Rufous Fantails

Lewin's Honeyeaters

Eastern whipbirds

Brown pigeons

Green catbirds (listen out for their miaowing call).

At higher altitudes, in the open forests, you'll see and hear other species. The following are

most common:

Crimson rosellas

Currawongs

Kookaburras

Magpies

Flame robins

Black-faced cuckoo shrikes

Noisy friar-birds

Yellow-tailed black cockatoos

Fan-tailed cuckoos

Bell miners

Rufous Whistlers.

The park's forests are home to a number of threatened birds. Not surprisingly, they will

generally be harder to find. Threatened species include:

Wompoo fruit doves, which are large and brightly coloured

Olive whistlers

Glossy black-cockatoos, which feed on the fruit of casuarinas (she-oaks) in the open

forest

Powerful owls, masked owls, barking owls and sooty owls, which prey on greater

gliders and other tree-dwelling mammals

Rufous scrub birds, which are the rarest birds in the park. They live at the edge of the

beech forest on the Gloucester Tops. Male birds are good mimics, and in the spring

breeding season they give out a very loud and penetrating series of between four and

12 sharp notes, ending in a rapid staccato.


OPS-GEN-MAN-001

19

In the woodlands and grasslands up on the plateau, you'll see a different group of birds. They

include:

Wedge-tailed eagles

Flame robins

Richard's pipits

Pied currawongs

Crimson rosellas.

6.6.3. Amphibians and reptiles Most of the park's reptiles are only active in the warmer months. The most commonly seen

reptile is probably the eastern water dragon, which hunts and basks on rocks around the

streams.

Another dragon - the southern forest dragon - lives in the park. It's more difficult to find,

because it has excellent brown patterned camouflage.

There are some impressive snakes in the area. In the lower-altitude forests, you might spot a

diamond python or a common tree snake, which is a bright yellow-green. All of the park's

snakes should be avoided. Most of them are potentially dangerous.

There are three threatened frog species in the park:

Sphagnum frog

Glandular frog

Stuttering frog.

6.6.4. Invertebrates There are many hundreds of insects and other invertebrate species in the park. Some of

them are very rare, including:

A butterfly (Silky Hairstreak or Pseudalmenus chlorinda barringtonensis)

Three spiders (Tasmoonopspavinus, T. pinus and Tarlina sp.)

A flightless carabid (Trichosternusaustalasicus)

Three species of velvet worms

A small isopod crustacean (Crenoicus harrisoni) which has been found in only one

place in the world - Saxbys swamp on the Barrington Tops plateau.

Inte

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7. S

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut_(fruit)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrington_Tops


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamington_Plateau

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamington_Plateau

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springbrook_Plateau

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springbrook_Plateau

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queensland


Inte

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Bla

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupe

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowy_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowy_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaelundi_National_Park

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaelundi_National_Park






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Dividing_Range


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia

Inte

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Ca

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ase

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f 90

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t

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tt. Th

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l with

so

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n in

co

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r. Le

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s fo

rm in

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n le

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info

rest

60

0m

to

10

00

m

It occu

rs

from

Ou

rimb

ah

, Ce

ntra

l Co

ast (N

ew

So

uth

Wa

les) a

t

to E

un

ge

lla

Na

tion

al P

ark

in

trop

ica

l

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

.

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ourimbah

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Coast_(New_South_Wales)



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eungella_National_Park

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eungella_National_Park


Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

23

Cra

ba

pp

le,

Wh

ite B

irch

Sch

izom

eri

ao

vata

Me

diu

m to

larg

e tre

e u

p to

35

m ta

ll,

timb

er is

pa

le b

lon

de

, Th

e tim

be

r wa

s

no

tab

ly use

d a

s a

n in

terio

r finis

h in

the

Syd

ne

y Op

era

Ho

use

. Le

ave

s

sim

ple

, op

po

site

or in

wh

orls

of 3

, 7-1

8

cm

in le

ngth

.

Flo

we

rs s

ma

ll an

d w

hite

. Ap

pe

ar S

ep

t to

No

v.

Fru

it a g

lob

ula

r to a

pp

le-s

ha

pe

d d

rup

e,

cre

am

y-wh

ite o

r yello

wis

h. R

ipe

Ap

ril to

July.

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s

– W

arm

Te

mp

era

te

Ra

info

rest

60

0m

to 1

00

0m

Co

asta

l Ne

w S

ou

th

Wa

les n

orth

from

Na

roo

ma

an

d

so

uth

ern

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

so

uth

from

Fra

se

r

Isla

nd

. It is a

lso

fou

nd

in P

ap

ua

Ne

w

Gu

ine

a a

nd

the

So

lom

on

Isla

nd

s.

Cra

ve

n

Gre

y Bo

x

Eu

ca

lyptu

s

larg

ea

na

Tre

e to

40

m h

igh

; gre

y ba

rk w

ith

wh

itish

pa

tch

es, fib

rou

s-fla

ky (b

ox),

sm

oo

th a

bo

ve

, wh

ite to

gre

y, sh

ed

din

g

in s

ho

rt ribb

on

s. Ju

ve

nile

lea

ve

s a

re d

ull

da

rk g

ree

n. A

du

lt lea

ve

s a

re 1

2–

18

cm

lon

g, 1

–2

cm

wid

e, d

ark

gre

en

, du

ll.

Co

pe

lan

d T

op

s –

Dry R

ain

fore

st

30

0m

to 6

00

m

Re

stric

ted

an

d lo

ca

l, in

we

t fore

st o

n s

lop

ing

site

s in

su

b c

oa

sta

l

ran

ge

s; c

on

fine

d to

Glo

uce

ste

r-Cra

ve

n

dis

trict a

nd

ne

ar

Po

ko

lbin

.

En

glis

h

Bro

om

Cytis

ussco

p

ariu

ssu

bsp

.

Sco

pa

rius

INTR

OD

UC

E

D S

PE

CIE

S

Intro

du

ce

d S

pe

cie

s. E

rect, s

em

i-wo

od

y

sh

rub

s g

row

ing 2

to 3

me

tres h

igh

. Th

e

lea

ve

s h

ave

thre

e le

afle

ts w

ith th

e c

en

tral

lea

flet b

ein

g lo

nge

r tha

n th

e o

ute

r two

lea

flets

. Bro

om

flow

ers

are

brig

ht ye

llow

.

En

glis

h b

roo

m n

orm

ally flo

we

rs in

late

sp

ring. B

oth

bro

om

s p

rod

uce

se

ed

in p

od

s.

Wh

en

the

se

ed

s a

re m

atu

re a

nd

still

atta

ch

ed

to th

e p

are

nt p

lan

t, the

po

ds o

pe

n

exp

losiv

ely to

eje

ct th

e s

ee

d u

p to

3

me

tres.

Infe

sts

op

en

wo

od

lan

ds,

scru

bla

nd

s,

gra

ssla

nd

s,

fore

stry

pla

nta

tion

s,

pa

stu

res,

wa

terw

ays

, co

asta

l

en

viro

ns,

roa

dsid

es a

nd

wa

ste

are

as.

Mo

st c

om

mo

n in

so

uth

ern

an

d c

en

tral

NS

W, S

E S

A, V

IC a

nd

TA

S. A

lso

sca

ttere

d in

no

rth-e

aste

rn N

ew

So

uth

Wa

les a

nd

oth

er p

arts

of

So

uth

Au

stra

lia a

nd

We

ste

rn A

ustra

lia. A

lso

in s

ou

the

rn A

frica

, Asia

,

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d, U

SA

,

Ca

na

da

an

d H

aw

aii.

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narooma


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Island

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Island

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon_Islands

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

24

Flo

atin

g C

lub

-

rush

Iso

lep

iscra

ssiu

sc

ula

Ho

ok. f.

A p

ere

nn

ial c

lub

-rush

form

ing a

larg

e s

pre

ad

ing m

at o

f lea

ve

s

wh

ich

floa

ts in

the

cu

rren

t of

stre

am

s in

su

b-a

lpin

e w

etla

nd

s.

Fo

un

d in

stre

am

s in

the

su

b-a

lpin

e

we

tlan

ds.

Gro

ws a

t hig

h

altitu

de

alo

ng

the

tab

lela

nd

s

of N

SW

. It’s a

lso

in Q

LD

, VIC

an

d

S.E

. Asia

.

Gre

y Gu

m

Eu

ca

lyptu

s

pu

ncta

ta

La

rge

tree

to u

p to

35

m h

igh

, with

ba

rk o

f va

riou

s s

ha

de

s o

f gre

y,

wh

ite a

nd

ora

nge

hu

es, w

hic

h

sh

ed

s in

larg

e s

he

ets

, giv

ing th

e

trun

k a

pa

tch

y ap

pe

ara

nce

. Th

e

glo

ssy d

ark

gre

en

ad

ult le

ave

s a

re

sic

kle

-sh

ap

ed

, 8–

15

cm

in le

ngth

by 1

.5–

3 c

m w

ide

. Th

e flo

we

rs a

re

wh

ite, a

nd

are

in b

loo

m fro

m

De

ce

mb

er to

Ma

rch

.

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

We

t

Eu

ca

lypt

Fo

rest

Fro

m

the

Liv

erp

oo

l

Ra

nge

to N

ow

ra

in c

en

tral N

ew

So

uth

Wa

les

Gre

y Myrtle

,

Ca

rrol, C

arro

l

Iron

wo

od

, Ne

ve

r

bre

ak

, Iron

wo

od

or A

ustra

lian

La

nce

wo

od

Ba

ckh

ou

sia

myrti

folia

Ca

n g

row

up

to 3

0 m

etre

s. T

he

lea

ve

s a

re o

va

te o

r ellip

tic, 4

-7 c

m

lon

g, w

ith a

cin

na

mo

n-lik

e o

do

ur.

Flo

we

rs a

re s

tar-s

ha

pe

d a

nd

bo

rne

in p

an

icle

s. T

he

sm

all p

ap

ery fru

it

are

be

ll-sh

ap

ed

.

Co

pe

lan

d T

op

s

– D

ry

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to

60

0m

Ea

ste

rn A

ustra

li

a

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Range

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool_Range

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowra

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowra



Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

25

Go

lde

n

Eve

rlastin

g

Bra

cte

an

tha

bra

cte

ata

(Ve

nt.) A

nd

erb

& H

ae

gi

An

ere

ct a

nn

ua

l he

rb 6

0-7

0cm

tall.

Le

ave

s ro

ugh

ly lan

ce

ola

te in

sh

ap

e, u

p

to 1

0cm

lon

g b

y 5-2

0m

m w

ide

. Th

e

larg

e s

tiff flow

er b

racts

wh

ich

su

rrou

nd

the

flow

er h

ea

d m

ay b

e w

hite

, cre

am

or

yello

w in

co

lou

r. Th

e in

ne

r flore

ts a

re

yello

w. T

he

wh

ole

flow

er w

ith b

racts

is

5-6

cm

acro

ss. F

low

erin

g in

mid

-su

mm

er

on

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s.

Su

b-a

lpin

e

wo

od

lan

d in

su

nn

y

loca

tion

s.

Go

lde

n

Eve

rlastin

g is

wid

ely

dis

tribu

ted

thro

ugh

ou

t

Au

stra

lia.

Gia

nt S

tingin

g

Tre

e

De

nd

rocn

ide

exc

els

a

Me

diu

m to

larg

e-s

ized

tree

up

to 4

0m

tall

an

d 6

m w

ide

with

a b

uttre

sse

d b

ase

. Th

e

trun

k c

an

be

flute

d o

r flan

ge

d. T

he

ou

ter

ba

rk is

gre

y an

d s

mo

oth

, with

min

or c

ork

y

ma

rkin

gs. T

he

lea

ve

s a

re a

ltern

ate

an

d

too

the

d, h

ea

rt-sh

ap

ed

an

d v

ery la

rge

in

po

sitio

ns o

f sh

ad

e, e

xce

ed

ing 3

0 c

m in

len

gth

an

d a

sim

ilar w

idth

. Th

e le

ave

s a

re

co

ve

red

with

stin

gin

g h

airs

, an

d a

re e

ate

n

by va

riou

s in

se

cts

an

d m

am

ma

ls. F

low

ers

ap

pe

ar fro

m N

ove

mb

er to

Ap

ril.

Co

pe

lan

d T

op

s

– S

ub

trop

ica

l

Ra

info

rest

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

Su

btro

pic

al

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to

60

0m

Ta

thra

, Ne

w

So

uth

Wa

les to

Imb

il

in s

ou

th-

ea

ste

rn Q

ue

en

sla

nd

.

Gre

en

Ho

od

ed

Orc

hid

s

Pte

rostylis

sp

p.

Va

riou

s

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

Gra

ssla

nd

s

Va

riou

s

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tathra,_New_South_Wales



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbil



Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

26

Hig

hla

nd

Ba

nk

sia

Ba

nksia

sp

inu

losa

Sm

all tre

e re

ach

ing 1

0-1

2m

on

the

pla

tea

u b

ut to

30

m in

less e

xpo

se

d

ha

bita

ts. T

he

tree

ha

s a

n o

pe

n m

uch

-

bra

nch

ed

ha

bit. A

du

lt lea

ve

s h

ave

en

tre

ed

ge

s b

ut yo

un

g p

lan

ts h

ave

too

the

d

lea

ve

s. L

ea

ve

s te

nd

to b

e a

rran

ge

d in

wh

orls

aro

un

d th

e s

tem

s. F

low

erin

g in

Ma

rch

on

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s.

Sh

elte

red

su

b-a

lpin

e

wo

od

lan

d.

Fro

m th

e B

lue

Mo

un

tain

s to

the

Ne

w

En

gla

nd

N.P

.

ins N

SW

ab

ove

55

0m

altitu

de

.

La

nta

na

La

nta

na

ca

ma

ra

INTR

OD

UC

ED

SP

EC

IES

A s

pra

wlin

g th

ick

et-fo

rmin

g s

hru

b u

p to

5m

hig

h a

nd

ma

ny m

etre

s w

ide

or c

limb

ing to

15

m h

igh

. Le

ave

s m

ostly u

p to

7cm

lon

g

an

d u

p to

4cm

wid

e, o

pp

osite

, up

pe

r su

rface

wrin

kle

d a

nd

with

rigid

sh

ort h

airs

, low

er

su

rface

ofte

n h

airy, m

arg

ins to

oth

ed

. Le

ave

s

exu

de

un

ple

asa

nt o

do

ur w

he

n c

rush

ed

. Fru

it

gre

en

at firs

t, ripe

nin

g b

lack

, 1-s

ee

de

d.

Se

ed

s ye

llow

-bro

wn

, to 4

mm

lon

g. F

low

ers

yello

w, o

ran

ge

, red

, pin

k, p

urp

le, w

hite

or a

co

mb

ina

tion

of th

ese

.

Lo

w

altitu

de

,

wa

rm

clim

ate

.

Co

asta

l an

d

ea

ste

rn

esca

rpm

en

t

are

as

from

Na

roo

ma

to F

ar N

orth

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

Ma

nn

a G

um

Eu

ca

lyptu

s

vimin

alis

Wid

esp

rea

d, w

hite

trun

ke

d g

um

with

or

with

ou

t rou

gh

ba

rk a

t ba

se

, 25

-50

m ta

ll.

Sh

ed

s b

ark

in s

trips o

r ribb

on

s. A

du

lt

lea

ve

s lo

ng a

nd

na

rrow

10

–2

0 c

m lo

ng.

Juve

nile

lea

ve

s o

pp

osite

, na

rrow

an

d

brig

ht g

ree

n (n

eve

r wa

xy, or b

lue

-gre

en

with

wh

itish

blo

om

).

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

We

t

Eu

ca

lypt

Fo

rest

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps -

Mo

nta

ne

Fo

rests

Wid

esp

rea

d

acro

ss

so

uth

ern

Vic

,

NE

Vic

an

d

ea

ste

rn c

oa

st

NS

W

Flo

ra

Na

me

F

ea

ture

s

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://www.weeds.org.au/WoNS/lantana/docs/Lantana_MgtActions_9_Feb_2009.pdf



Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

27

Me

ssm

ate

Eu

ca

lyptu

s o

bliq

ua

La

rge

tree

, up

to 9

0m

tall, w

ith a

trun

k u

p to

thre

e m

in d

iam

ete

r. It

ha

s th

ick

, rou

gh

, strin

gy b

ark

, an

d

glo

ssy g

ree

n le

ave

s 6

-22

cm

lon

g. W

hite

flow

ers

. Th

e fru

its a

re

ba

rrel-s

ha

pe

d.

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

We

t

Eu

ca

lypt

Fo

rest

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps -

Mo

nta

ne

Fo

rests

Fro

m K

an

ga

roo

Isla

nd

,

thro

ugh

SE

S A

us

thro

ugh

ou

t VIC

& T

AS

,

ma

inly e

ast o

f

the

tab

lela

nd

s in

NS

W,

with

a fe

w p

op

ula

tion

s

exte

nd

ing in

to S

QLD

.

Mo

reto

n

Ba

y Fig

s

Fic

usm

ac

op

hylla

Eve

rgre

en

tree

up

to 6

0m

hig

h. T

he

trun

k c

an

be

up

to 2

.4m

in d

iam

ete

r,

with

pro

min

en

t bu

ttressin

g, T

he

rou

gh

ba

rk is

gre

y-bro

wn

. Le

ath

ery, d

ark

gre

en

lea

ve

s, 1

5–

30

cm

lon

g a

re

arra

nge

d a

ltern

ate

ly on

the

ste

ms.

Th

e le

ave

s a

nd

bra

nch

es b

lee

d a

milk

y sa

p if c

ut o

r bro

ke

n. T

he

figs a

re

2–

2.5

cm

in d

iam

ete

r, turn

ing fro

m

gre

en

to p

urp

le w

ith lig

hte

r sp

ots

as

the

y ripe

n; rip

e fru

it ma

y be

fou

nd

yea

r rou

nd

.

Co

pe

lan

d

To

ps –

Dry

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to

60

0m

Ea

ste

rn c

oa

st

of A

ustra

lia, fro

m

the

Ath

erto

n T

ab

lela

nd

to

the

Illaw

arra

in N

SW

Lo

rd

Ho

we

Isla

nd

.

Ne

w

En

gla

nd

Bla

ck

bu

tt

Eu

ca

lyptu

s

an

dre

wsii

Up

to 2

0 m

hig

h. B

ark

is g

rey to

gre

y bro

wn

, sh

ortly fib

rou

s

(`p

ep

pe

rmin

t'), an

d s

mo

oth

ab

ove

, wh

ite o

r gre

y, sh

ed

din

g in

lon

g rib

bo

ns. L

ea

ve

s a

re 1

0–

15

cm

lon

g, 2

–3

cm

wid

e, g

ree

n

an

d g

lossy.

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

We

t

Eu

ca

lypt

Fo

rest

Fro

m M

ou

nt R

oya

l in

the

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s n

orth

alo

ng th

e G

rea

t Div

idin

g

Ra

nge

. to Q

ue

en

sla

nd

Flo

ra

Na

me

F

ea

ture

s

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaroo_Island

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablelands


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buttress_root


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherton_Tableland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illawarra


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Howe_Island

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Royal_(New_South_Wales)





Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

28

Pe

pp

erb

er

ry

Cryp

toca

ry

afo

veo

lata

Sm

all to

larg

e tre

e, u

p to

45

m h

igh

an

d u

p to

12

0cm

trun

k d

iam

ete

r. Th

e b

ark

is b

row

n, m

ostly

sm

oo

th w

ith lin

es o

f ve

rtica

l bu

mp

s ru

nn

ing u

p th

e

trun

k. T

he

ba

se

of th

e tre

e is

no

t pa

rticu

larly

bu

ttresse

d. L

ea

ve

s a

ltern

ate

, with

a p

rom

ine

nt tip

an

d 4

to 7

cm

lon

g.

Sm

all, c

rea

m, flo

we

rs fro

m D

ece

mb

er to

Fe

bru

ary.

Fle

sh

y bla

ck

fruit 1

2-1

5m

m w

ide

ripe

ns fro

m

Octo

be

r to Ja

nu

ary.

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s

– S

ub

trop

ica

l

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to 6

00

m

Hig

h a

ltitud

e

ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia.

Priv

et

Lig

ustru

m

INTR

OD

UC

ED

SP

EC

IES

Bro

ad

Le

af

Le

ave

s g

en

era

lly 50

–1

30

mm

lon

g; flo

we

r tub

e s

ho

rter th

an

or a

s lo

ng a

s th

e lo

be

s; a

nth

ers

we

ll exte

nd

ed

from

the

tub

es; fru

its b

luis

h-b

lack

, on

sh

ort s

talk

s.

Sm

all L

ea

f

Lo

we

r lea

f mid

ribs fin

ely h

airy, le

af m

arg

ins s

mo

oth

to w

avy;

flow

er tu

be

sh

orte

r tha

n lo

be

s; a

nth

ers

ma

uve

to p

urp

le,

fruits

bla

ck

ish

-pu

rple

, on

ha

iry sta

lks.

Eu

rop

ea

n

Lo

we

r lea

f mid

ribs n

ot fin

ely h

airy; le

af m

arg

ins n

eve

r wa

vy;

flow

er tu

be

slig

htly lo

nge

r tha

n lo

be

s; a

nth

ers

wh

ite a

nd

ba

rely e

xten

de

d fro

m th

e tu

be

s; fru

its g

lossy b

lack

, on

sh

ort,

slig

htly h

airy s

talk

s

Mo

ist a

nd

fertile

are

as. A

rea

s

rece

ivin

g

incre

ase

d w

ate

r

an

d n

utrie

nts

from

urb

an

run

off,

pa

rticu

larly w

he

re

na

tive v

ege

tatio

n

ha

s b

ee

n

dis

turb

ed

or

rem

ove

d.

Co

asta

l an

d

tab

lela

nd

are

as o

f Ne

w

So

uth

Wa

les

Re

d

Ca

rab

ee

n,

Le

ath

er

Jack

et

Ge

isso

isb

en

tha

mia

na

La

rge

tree

, 35

m ta

ll, 1.4

m in

dia

me

ter. T

he

trun

k

is ro

un

d in

cro

ss s

ectio

n a

nd

ofte

n b

uttre

sse

d a

t

the

ba

se

. Ba

rk is

a w

rink

ly bro

wn

. Le

ave

s a

re

op

po

site

with

thre

e le

afle

ts. L

ea

flets

sig

nific

an

tly

too

the

d. 5

to 1

5 c

m lo

ng, s

mo

oth

an

d g

ree

n o

n

bo

th s

urfa

ce

s, d

ark

er a

bo

ve

. Ne

w g

row

th is

brig

ht

red

. Flo

we

rs a

pp

ea

r from

Octo

be

r to Ja

nu

ary b

ein

g

yello

w.

Co

pe

lan

d T

op

s

– D

ry Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to 6

00

m

Ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia -

Ma

nn

ing

Rive

r are

a

in N

SW

to

ne

ar T

am

bo

urin

e M

ou

nta

in, S

E

QLD

.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manning_River



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambourine_Mountain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambourine_Mountain

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

29

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Re

d C

ed

ar

To

on

acilia

t

a

Th

e s

pe

cie

s c

an

gro

w to

aro

un

d 6

0m

in

he

igh

t an

d its

trun

k c

an

rea

ch

3m

in

girth

. Re

d s

ca

ly ba

rk a

nd

pin

na

te le

ave

s

with

up

to 1

7 le

afle

ts, o

bliq

ue

at th

e

ba

se

. Th

e w

hite

flow

ers

are

in p

an

icle

s,

stro

ngly p

erfu

me

d. T

he

fruit is

a c

ap

su

le

ab

ou

t 2 c

m lo

ng, s

ee

ds a

re w

inge

d.

Co

pe

lan

d T

op

s –

Su

btro

pic

al

Ra

info

rest

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s –

Su

btro

pic

al

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to 6

00

m

Scru

bb

y are

as,

ofte

n b

ord

erin

g

rive

rs a

nd

stre

am

ba

nk

s.

So

uth

ern

Asia

fro

m

Afg

ha

nis

tan

to P

a

pu

a N

ew

Gu

ine

a a

nd

Au

str

alia

Ro

se

wo

od

Dys

oxylu

mf

rase

ran

um

Ma

ture

tree

s c

an

gro

w u

p to

57

m in

he

igh

t,

with

a tru

nk

up

to 3

.3m

in d

iam

ete

r. It ha

s

6.5

–2

5cm

lon

g d

ark

-gre

en

lea

ve

s w

ith 4

–

12

lea

flets

.

D. fra

se

rian

um

is o

ne

of th

e m

ost c

om

mo

n

tree

sp

ecie

s in

su

btro

pic

al ra

info

rests

of

Au

stra

lia. It is

a typ

ica

l lon

g live

d, s

low

gro

win

g a

nd

sh

ad

e to

lera

nt c

lima

x.

Ro

se

wo

od

ha

s b

ee

n e

xten

sive

ly logge

d fo

r

its fra

gra

nt re

d tim

be

r.

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s –

Wa

rm T

em

pe

rate

Ra

info

rest

60

0m

to 1

00

0m

Ne

w S

ou

th W

ale

s

& Q

ue

en

sla

nd

Sa

ssa

fras

Do

ryph

ora

sa

ssa

fras

A la

rge

tree

, up

to 2

5-3

5m

hig

h. It is

a

stra

igh

t-trun

ke

d tre

e g

en

era

lly with

a s

ma

ll

cro

wn

, its g

rey-b

row

n tru

nk

rea

ch

ing a

dia

me

ter o

f 1.2

m. O

pp

osite

ly arra

nge

d o

n

the

ste

m, th

e g

ree

n le

ave

s 7

–1

0cm

lon

g,

2–

4cm

wid

e. T

he

sm

all w

hite

flow

ers

occu

r

in g

rou

ps o

f thre

e fro

m M

ay to

July, a

nd

are

follo

we

d b

y da

rk b

row

n h

airy fru

it wh

ich

are

ripe

from

Fe

bru

ary to

Au

gu

st.

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s –

Wa

rm T

em

pe

rate

Ra

info

rest

60

0m

to 1

00

0m

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s –

Te

mp

era

te

Ra

info

rest

70

0m

– 1

50

0m

Na

mb

ou

r in

so

uth

ern

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

thro

ugh

ea

ste

rn

Ne

w S

ou

th W

ale

s

to W

olu

mla

Pe

ak

in Y

ura

mm

ie

Sta

te F

ore

st.

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaves

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaflet

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainforests

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shade_tolerant

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climax_vegetation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nambour,_Queensland

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

30

Silv

erto

p

Strin

gyb

ark

Eu

ca

lyptu

s

lae

vop

ine

a

Me

diu

m/La

rge

tree

up

to 4

0 m

hig

h. B

ark

is s

tringy, g

rey to

red

-

bro

wn

, wh

ite to

gre

y, sh

ed

din

g in

sh

ort rib

bo

ns. O

bliq

ue

, du

ll, gre

en

,

thic

k, 9

–1

4 c

m lo

ng, 1

.5–

2.5

mm

wid

e le

ave

s. P

etio

les n

arro

wly

flatte

ne

d o

r ch

an

ne

lled

, Pe

tiole

s

10

–2

0 m

m lo

ng.

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

We

t

Eu

ca

lypt

Fo

rest

QLD

& N

SW

. NS

W

regio

ns: N

orth

Co

ast, o

r No

rthe

rn

Ta

ble

lan

ds, o

r

Ce

ntra

l Ta

ble

lan

ds,

or N

orth

We

ste

rn

Slo

pe

s, o

r Ce

ntra

l

We

ste

rn S

lop

es.

So

ft Tre

e

Fe

rn

Dic

kso

nia

An

tarc

tica

La

bill.

Th

is is

the

on

ly tree

fern

wh

ich

gro

ws in

su

b-a

lpin

e h

ab

itats

on

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s a

nd

is th

ere

fore

ve

ry dis

tinctiv

e.

Su

b-a

lpin

e

wo

od

lan

d

an

d fo

rests

of B

arrin

gto

n

an

d

Glo

uce

ste

r

To

ps.

It is w

ide

sp

rea

d a

nd

qu

ite c

om

mo

n in

NS

W, O

LD

, VIC

an

d

TA

S

Sh

atte

rwo

o

d

Ba

ck

ho

usia

scia

do

ph

or

a

Sm

all to

me

diu

m s

ize tre

e, u

p to

30

me

tres in

he

igh

t an

d 8

0 c

m in

trun

k

dia

me

ter. T

he

tree

's c

row

n a

pp

ea

rs

da

rk a

nd

attra

ctiv

e. S

ha

tterw

oo

d is

so

na

me

d b

eca

use

of th

e b

rittle

na

ture

of th

e tim

be

r. Th

e b

ark

is

gre

y or fa

wn

, rou

gh

with

sh

ort

fibre

s, fin

ely v

ertic

ally fis

su

red

,

sh

ed

din

g in

na

rrow

sca

les. T

he

lea

ve

s a

re 5

to 1

0 c

m lo

ng. R

ou

nd

or d

raw

n in

to a

blu

nt p

oin

t, or

so

me

time

s n

otc

he

d. F

low

ers

are

wh

ite, s

ma

ll an

d n

um

ero

us fro

m

Jun

e to

July.

Co

pe

lan

d

To

ps –

Dry

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to

60

0m

Ne

ar D

un

go

g N

SW

to n

ea

r Kilc

oy in

SE

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilcoy


Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

31

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Sle

nd

er

Ric

e F

low

er

Pim

ele

a

linifo

lia

Va

riab

le s

hru

b, u

p to

1.5

m h

igh

,

ste

ms. L

ea

ve

s a

re 5

–3

0m

m

lon

g, 2

–7

mm

wid

e. F

low

ers

are

wh

ite o

r pin

k. F

ruit is

3–

5m

m

lon

g a

nd

gre

en

.

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

Gra

ssla

nd

s

Wid

esp

rea

d in

all

sta

tes e

xce

pt

We

ste

rn A

ustra

lia

an

d th

e N

orth

ern

Te

rritory

Sn

ow

Gra

ss

Po

a

sie

be

ran

a

Co

ars

e, d

en

se

ly tufte

d, g

ree

n

gra

ss u

p to

12

0cm

hig

h. S

tem

s

are

rou

nd

an

d ro

ugh

en

ed

be

low

the

se

ed

he

ad

. Le

ave

s u

p to

80

cm

lon

g a

nd

3.5

mm

wid

e,

rou

gh

on

the

low

er s

urfa

ce

an

d

du

ll gre

en

or g

reyis

h g

ree

n in

co

lou

r. Flo

we

rs m

ost o

f the

yea

r.

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps -

Gra

ssla

nd

s

Wid

esp

rea

d th

rou

gh

ou

t

tem

pe

rate

ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia. O

ccu

rs in

the

No

rth E

ast, N

orth

ern

Pla

ins, th

e M

alle

e, th

e

Wim

me

ra, W

este

rn

Dis

trict, M

elb

ou

rne

an

d

Gip

psla

nd

.

So

ck

et

wo

od

Da

ph

na

nd

r

am

icra

nth

a

Sm

all to

me

diu

m s

ized

tree

, up

to

20

m ta

ll an

d 2

5cm

trun

k d

iam

ete

r.

Th

e b

ark

is a

faw

nis

h c

rea

m in

co

lou

r, with

ve

rtica

l cra

cks.

Bra

nch

lets

are

flatte

ne

d w

he

re th

ey

join

the

ma

in s

tem

. Le

ave

s o

pp

osite

on

the

ste

m. 7

to 1

7cm

lon

g, 1

to

5cm

wid

e, fin

ely to

oth

ed

. Sm

all

gre

en

ish

wh

ite o

r pin

kis

h g

ree

n

flow

ers

form

from

Jun

e to

Octo

be

r.

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

Su

btro

pic

al

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to

60

0m

Re

stric

ted

to

the

Ma

nn

ing

Riv

er a

nd

Ha

stin

gs

Riv

er v

alle

ys o

f

no

rthe

rn

ea

ste

rn N

ew

So

uth

Wa

les.

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings_River

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastings_River



Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

32

Sp

ha

gn

um

Mo

ss

Sp

ha

gn

um

cris

tatu

m

Sm

all to

rob

ust p

lan

t, pa

le to

bro

wn

ish

-gre

en

in c

olo

ur a

nd

form

s d

en

se

ma

ts o

f

inte

rtwin

ed

late

ral b

ran

ch

es

with

mo

p-lik

e h

ea

ds. T

he

lea

ve

s o

f S. c

rista

tum

are

sp

irally a

rran

ge

d. T

he

pla

nt

ca

n a

bso

rb a

nd

reta

in a

lmo

st

20

time

s its

ow

n w

eig

ht in

wa

ter.

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s –

Fre

sh

wa

ter W

etla

nd

s

Th

ey a

re

restric

ted

to th

e

su

b a

lpin

e zo

ne

s

of s

ou

th-e

aste

rn

Ne

w S

ou

th

Wa

les, V

icto

ria

an

d A

ustra

lian

Ca

pita

l Te

rritory

Sp

iny-

he

ad

ed

Ma

t-rush

Lo

ma

nd

ea

l

on

ifolia

La

bill

A tu

fted

pe

ren

nia

l with

sp

iky

lea

f tips, th

is L

om

an

dra

ha

s

tou

gh

, flat le

ave

s w

hic

h a

re

from

50

-10

0cm

lon

g b

y 1cm

wid

e. T

he

y are

a m

ed

ium

gre

en

co

lou

r. Ma

le a

nd

fem

ale

inflo

resce

nce

s a

re s

imila

r.

Pla

nts

flow

er in

sp

ring.

Sp

iny-h

ea

de

d M

at-ru

sh

is v

ery a

bu

nd

an

t in th

e

su

b-a

lpin

e w

oo

dla

nd

s o

f

Glo

uce

ste

r To

ps. It is

als

o c

om

mo

n in

the

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s S

ectio

n

of th

e p

late

au

. It occu

rs

in o

pe

n g

rassla

nd

an

d

un

de

r tree

s.

L.lo

ng

folia

is a

wid

esp

rea

d a

nd

co

mm

on

sp

ecie

s

of N

SW

an

d it

als

o o

ccu

rs in

QLD

, VIS

, TA

S

an

d S

.A.

Sp

otte

d

Su

n O

rch

ids

Th

elym

itraix

ioid

es

Le

ave

s a

re th

is, u

p to

20

cm

lon

g. A

sm

all p

lan

t with

sp

otte

d flo

we

rs, fo

rmin

g fro

m

Au

gu

st to

Jan

ua

ry. Usu

ally

blu

e, b

ut s

om

etim

es v

iole

t.

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s –

Gra

ssla

nd

s

Ea

ste

rn a

nd

so

uth

ern

Au

stra

lia

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture


Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

33

Syd

ne

y

Blu

e G

um

s

Eu

ca

lyptu

s

sa

lign

a

Eu

ca

lyptu

s s

alig

na

gro

ws a

s a

stra

igh

t an

d

tall fo

rest tre

e, u

p to

30

- 55

m ta

ll. Th

e

trun

k h

as s

mo

oth

pa

le g

rey o

r wh

ite b

ark

with

a lo

ng (1

to 4

m h

igh

) 'sk

irt' of ro

ugh

bro

wn

ish

ba

rk a

t the

ba

se

. Th

e d

ark

gre

en

lea

ve

s a

re a

rran

ge

d a

ltern

ate

ly alo

ng th

e

ste

ms a

nd

are

10

–1

7 c

m lo

ng b

y 2–

3 c

m

wid

e. T

he

wh

ite flo

we

rs a

pp

ea

r from

De

ce

mb

er to

Fe

bru

ary, a

nd

are

arra

nge

d in

gro

up

s o

f se

ve

n to

ele

ven

.

Co

pe

lan

d

To

ps –

Dry

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to

60

0m

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

We

t

Eu

ca

lypt

Fo

rest

Fo

un

d w

ithin

12

0 k

m (o

f the

co

astlin

e b

etw

ee

n th

e N

SW

so

uth

co

ast to

Ma

rybo

rou

gh

in

ce

ntra

l QLD

. To

the

NW

, it is

fou

nd

in d

isju

nct p

op

ula

tion

s in

ce

ntra

l Qu

ee

nsla

nd

; Eu

nge

lla,

Kro

om

bit T

op

s, C

on

su

elo

Ta

ble

lan

d, B

lackd

ow

n

Ta

ble

lan

d a

nd

Ca

rna

rvo

n G

org

e.

To

ba

cco

Bu

sh

So

lan

um

ma

uritia

nu

m

INTR

OD

UC

E

D S

PE

CIE

S

Sh

rub

or s

ma

ll tree

up

to 4

m ta

ll, gre

en

or g

rey-g

ree

n. L

ea

ve

s 9

-30

cm

lon

g, 3

.5-

14

cm

wid

e. B

errie

s a

re ro

un

d, 1

0-1

5

mm

dia

me

ter a

nd

du

ll yello

w.

Usu

ally

asso

cia

ted

with

dis

turb

ed

ha

bita

ts in

hig

he

r

rain

fall

regio

ns.

Na

tive

to S

ou

th A

me

rica

,

intro

du

ce

d a

nd

no

w

wid

esp

rea

d in

ma

ny tro

pic

al

co

un

tries. N

atu

ralis

ed

in s

ub

-

co

asta

l are

as o

f N.S

.W. a

nd

Qld

, an

d lo

ca

lly in S

.A.

Tu

rpe

ntin

e

Tre

es

Syn

ca

rpia

gl

om

ulife

ra

La

rge

stra

igh

t-trun

ke

d tre

e u

p to

55

m

hig

h w

ith a

trun

k d

iam

ete

r of u

p to

1.5

m. T

he

thic

k b

row

n b

ark

is fib

rou

s,

with

de

ep

ve

rtica

l furro

ws ru

nn

ing d

ow

n

the

trun

k. T

he

du

ll da

rk g

ree

n le

ave

s

are

be

twe

en

7-1

0cm

lon

g a

nd

2.5

-

4.5

cm

wid

e a

nd

arra

nge

d o

pp

osite

ly on

the

ste

ms. T

he

cre

am

flow

ers

are

se

en

from

Au

gu

st to

De

ce

mb

er, p

ea

kin

g in

Se

pte

mb

er.

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

We

t

Eu

ca

lypt

Fo

rest

(the

y are

no

t

eu

ca

lypts

)

Fro

m e

aste

rn Q

ue

en

sla

nd

an

d N

ew

So

uth

Wa

les,

from

Ath

erto

n in

the

far n

orth

to a

s fa

r so

uth

as M

urra

ma

ran

g N

atio

na

l

Pa

rk.

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackdown_Tableland_National_Park

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackdown_Tableland_National_Park

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnarvon_Gorge

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherton,_Queensland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murramarang_National_Park

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murramarang_National_Park

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

34

Wh

ite C

ed

ar

Me

liaa

zed

ar

ach

Up

to 1

2m

hig

h, 6

-8m

wid

e. T

he

pla

nt h

as a

n a

ve

rage

lifesp

an

aro

un

d 2

0 ye

ars

. Sm

all p

ale

pu

rple

an

d w

hite

flow

ers

. Th

e fru

it of th

e

Wh

ite C

ed

ar is

rou

nd

(1.5

cm

in

dia

me

ter), fle

sh

y an

d ye

llow

in

co

lou

r wh

en

ma

ture

. Fru

its a

re

po

iso

no

us to

hu

ma

ns a

nd

so

me

oth

er m

am

ma

ls. L

ea

ve

s a

re 2

-5cm

lon

g.

Co

pe

lan

d T

op

s

– D

ry

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to 6

00

m

Na

tive

to

Au

stra

lia a

nd

So

uth

Ea

st A

sia

.

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

an

d e

aste

rn

Ne

w S

ou

th

Wa

les. It is

als

o

fou

nd

in th

e

Kim

be

rley’s

.

Wh

ite

Sa

lly/S

no

w

Gu

m

Eu

ca

lyptu

s

pa

uciflo

ra

Sie

be

r ex

Sp

ren

g.

Tre

e to

25

m a

nd

usu

ally le

ss in

su

b-a

lpin

e w

oo

dla

nd

. Ba

rk is

sm

oo

th, w

hite

to g

rey w

ith

scrib

ble

s w

hic

h is

sh

ed

in rib

bo

ns.

Ba

rk a

t the

ba

se

of th

e tru

nk

is

rou

gh

. Juve

nile

lea

ve

s a

re o

va

l in

sh

ap

e a

nd

are

a d

ull g

rey-g

ree

n

co

lou

r. Ad

ult le

ave

s a

re g

lossy,

gre

en

an

d a

ltern

ate

on

the

ste

m.

Fru

it in c

on

ica

l 6-1

0m

m lo

ng b

y 5-

9m

m w

ide

. Va

lve

s a

re e

ithe

r

en

clo

se

d o

r just le

ve

l at th

e rim

.

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s

Mo

nta

ne

Fo

rest

an

d G

rassy

Wo

od

lan

ds. It is

usu

ally th

e

do

min

an

t tree

sp

ecie

s o

f su

b-

alp

ine

ha

bita

ts

on

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps a

nd

Glo

uce

ste

r To

ps.

Pre

se

nt o

n th

e

tab

lela

nd

s a

nd

co

ole

r pa

rts o

f

NS

W a

bo

ve

70

0m

. Als

o

QLD

, VIC

, TA

S.

Wh

ite-to

pp

ed

Bo

x

Eu

ca

lyptu

s

qu

ad

ran

gu

la

ta

A m

ed

ium

to la

rge

tree

, up

to 5

0

me

tres ta

ll. Le

ave

s 1

2-2

0cm

lon

g,

wid

e, w

avy e

dge

d o

r slig

htly to

oth

ed

.

Lo

we

r ba

rk is

gre

y an

d fib

rou

s w

ith

so

me

wh

ite p

atc

he

s. B

ark

wh

ite a

nd

sm

oo

th o

n th

e s

ma

ller b

ran

ch

es. B

ark

sh

ed

din

g in

lon

g s

trips. G

um

nu

ts

co

nic

al, 5

-7m

m lo

ng, 4

-6m

m w

ide

.

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s

– W

et E

uca

lypt

Fo

rest

Fro

m B

un

da

no

on

, Ne

w S

ou

th

Wa

les n

orth

alo

ng th

e G

rea

t

Divid

ing R

an

ge

in

dis

co

ntin

uo

us

pa

tch

es to

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

.

Flo

ra N

am

e

Fe

atu

res

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bundanoon,_New_South_Wales





Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

35

Ye

llow

Ca

rab

ee

n

Slo

ne

aw

oo

llsii

Ma

jestic

larg

e tre

e s

pe

cie

s

gro

win

g to

mo

re th

an

50

m in

he

igh

t. Old

er tre

es d

eve

lop

larg

e b

uttre

ss ro

ots

. Fru

it is a

sp

iky c

ap

su

le c

on

tain

ing o

ne

or tw

o s

ee

ds w

ith a

yello

w o

r

red

dis

h a

ril. Sim

ple

lea

ve

s a

re

up

to 1

6 c

m lo

ng a

nd

ellip

tic to

lan

ce

ola

te in

sh

ap

e w

ith

too

the

d m

arg

ins. Y

ou

ng s

ho

ots

an

d p

etio

les a

re c

ove

red

in

fine

ha

ir.

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps –

Su

btro

pic

al

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to

60

0m

Fo

un

d in

su

btro

pic

al

rain

fore

sts

from

the

mid

-no

rth

co

ast o

f NS

W to

so

uth

ern

QLD

Ye

llow

Tu

lip,

Gre

y

Bo

xwo

od

, Wh

it

e M

yrtle, G

rey

Ba

rk a

nd

Ye

llow

Tu

lipw

oo

d.

Dryp

ete

sd

ep

lan

ch

ei

Sm

all to

me

diu

m s

ized

tree

, up

to

25

me

tres ta

ll an

d a

ste

m w

idth

of 6

0 c

m. S

ca

ly gre

y or b

row

n

ba

rk. B

ark

is s

ca

ly on

old

er tre

es.

Le

ave

s a

re o

blo

ng, 4

to 9

cm

lon

g, 1

to 5

cm

wid

e. W

avy

ed

ge

d, s

tiff, thic

k.

Ha

s 4

mm

dia

me

ter, ye

llow

bro

wn

flow

ers

in N

ove

mb

er. M

ale

an

d

fem

ale

flow

ers

on

se

pa

rate

tree

s.

Ind

ividu

al flo

we

rs a

rou

nd

4 m

m

in d

iam

ete

r. Fru

it is b

righ

t red

, 12

to 2

0 m

m lo

ng w

ith m

ois

t yello

w

flesh

insid

e. M

atu

re fro

m

Fe

bru

ary to

Ap

ril. Ea

ten

by th

e

Em

era

ld, T

op

kn

ot

Pig

eo

n a

nd

Wo

mp

oo

Fru

it Do

ve

.

Co

pe

lan

d T

op

s

– D

ry

Ra

info

rest

30

0m

to

60

0m

Va

ries, b

ut it is

ofte

n fo

un

d in

drie

r rain

fore

st

in A

ustra

lia, a

s

we

ll as litto

ral

rain

fore

st, a

nd

rain

fore

st b

y

stre

am

s.

Hu

nte

r Riv

er, N

ew

So

uth

Wa

les, n

orth

to T

orre

s S

trait.

Inla

nd

Bu

nya

Mo

un

tain

s in

so

uth

ea

ste

rn Q

ue

en

sla

nd

, No

rthe

r

n T

errito

ry an

d W

este

rn

Au

stra

lia.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topknot_Pigeon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topknot_Pigeon

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wompoo_Fruit_Dove

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

36

7.2

. Fa

un

a

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Au

stra

lasia

n

Pip

its

An

thu

s

no

vae

se

ela

n

dia

e

Au

stra

lasia

n P

ipits

fee

d o

n th

e

gro

un

d o

n in

se

cts

an

d th

eir

larv

ae

, as w

ell a

s s

ee

ds. T

he

y

fora

ge

in a

jerk

y, da

rting

mo

tion

, sto

pp

ing to

pe

rch

on

low

sto

ne

s o

r sh

rub

s, w

aggin

g

the

ir tails

up

an

d d

ow

n.

Pe

rform

s a

n e

lab

ora

te

co

urts

hip

ritua

l, with

ma

les

ma

kin

g s

wo

op

ing d

ive

s fro

m a

he

igh

t, acco

mp

an

ied

by a

sw

ee

t

trilling s

on

g

Au

stra

lasia

n P

ipits

are

fou

nd

in o

pe

n

co

un

try, in a

ran

ge

of h

ab

itat typ

es

from

we

t he

ath

s to

dry s

hru

b la

nd

s a

nd

op

en

wo

od

lan

d

cle

arin

gs.

Th

e A

ustra

lasia

n P

ipit

is fo

un

d a

cro

ss

Au

stra

lia. It is

als

o

fou

nd

in N

ew

Gu

ine

a,

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d, a

s w

ell

as b

ein

g w

ide

sp

rea

d

acro

ss A

frica

an

d

Asia

.

Au

stra

lian

Bru

sh

Tu

rke

y

Ale

ctu

ra

lath

am

i

Bru

sh

-turk

eys

fee

d o

n in

se

cts

,

se

ed

s a

nd

falle

n fru

its, w

hic

h a

re

exp

ose

d b

y rak

ing th

e le

af litte

r or

bre

ak

ing o

pe

n ro

tten

logs w

ith

the

ir larg

e fe

et. T

he

ma

jority o

f

foo

d is

ob

tain

ed

from

the

gro

un

d,

with

bird

s o

cca

sio

na

lly ob

se

rved

fee

din

g o

n rip

en

ing fru

its a

mo

ng

tree

bra

nch

es.

Th

e A

ustra

lian

Bru

sh

-turk

ey

incu

ba

tes its

eggs in

a la

rge

mo

un

d. E

ggs a

re la

id b

y se

ve

ral

fem

ale

s in

a s

ingle

mo

un

d. A

fter

ha

tch

ing, th

e c

hic

ks b

urro

w o

ut o

f

the

mo

un

d, a

t wh

ich

po

int th

ey a

re

left to

fen

d fo

r the

mse

lves.

Inh

ab

its ra

info

rests

an

d w

et s

cle

rop

hyll

fore

sts

, bu

t ca

n a

lso

be

fou

nd

in d

rier

scru

bs. In

the

no

rthe

rn p

art o

f its

ran

ge

, it is m

ost

co

mm

on

at h

igh

er

altitu

de

s, b

ut

ind

ivid

ua

ls m

ove

to

the

low

lan

d a

rea

s in

win

ter m

on

ths. In

the

so

uth

, it is

co

mm

on

in b

oth

mo

un

tain

an

d

low

lan

d re

gio

ns.

Th

e A

ustra

lian

Bru

sh

-

turk

ey's

ran

ge

exte

nd

s a

lon

g

ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia,

from

Ca

pe

Yo

rk

Pe

nin

su

la,

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

, so

uth

to

the

no

rthe

rn s

ub

urb

s

of S

ydn

ey a

nd

the

Illaw

arra

regio

n o

f

NS

W.

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

37

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Au

stra

lian

Ma

gp

ie

Cra

ctic

us

tibic

en

Wa

lks a

lon

g th

e g

rou

nd

se

arc

hin

g fo

r inse

cts

an

d

the

ir larv

ae

. Alth

ou

gh

ge

ne

rally ta

me

, du

ring th

e

bre

ed

ing s

ea

so

n s

om

e

ind

ivid

ua

ls b

eco

me

aggre

ssiv

e to

wa

rds a

ny

intru

de

rs, in

clu

din

g h

um

an

s,

wh

ich

ve

ntu

re to

o c

lose

to

the

ir ne

st s

ites.

Au

stra

lian

Ma

gp

ies a

re

fou

nd

wh

ere

ve

r the

re

is a

co

mb

ina

tion

of

tree

s a

nd

ad

jace

nt

op

en

are

as, in

clu

din

g

pa

rks a

nd

pla

ying

field

s. T

he

y are

ab

se

nt

on

ly from

the

de

nse

st

fore

sts

an

d a

rid

de

se

rts

Co

mm

on

thro

ugh

ou

t

Au

stra

lia.

Ba

rkin

g O

wl

Nin

ox

co

nn

iven

s

Na

me

d fo

r its h

ars

h 'b

ark

ing'

ca

ll bu

t ca

n a

lso

ma

ke

a m

uch

lou

de

r, wa

iling c

ry, wh

ich

ha

s

give

n ris

e to

an

oth

er n

am

e, th

e

'scre

am

ing-w

om

an

bird

'.

Fe

ed

s o

n a

va

riety o

f sm

all to

me

diu

m-s

ized

ma

mm

als

, bird

s,

rep

tiles a

nd

inse

cts

. Pre

y is

loca

ted

at n

igh

t eith

er fro

m th

e

air o

r from

an

exp

ose

d p

erc

h.

Ba

rkin

g O

wls

are

mo

st c

om

mo

n in

sa

va

nn

ah

wo

od

lan

d,

alth

ou

gh

the

y als

o

inh

ab

it we

ll-fore

ste

d

hill a

nd

rive

rine

wo

od

lan

ds.

Ba

rkin

g O

wls

are

wid

ely d

istrib

ute

d

thro

ugh

ou

t

Au

stra

lia, b

ut a

re

ab

se

nt fro

m

ce

ntra

l are

as

Bru

sh

-taile

d

Ph

asco

ga

le

Ph

asco

ga

le

tap

oa

tafa

No

ctu

rna

l. Fo

rage

am

on

g

the

tree

ca

no

py. In

div

idu

als

tea

r the

ba

rk fro

m tre

es to

rea

ch

an

d re

mo

ve

pre

y.

Du

ring th

e b

ree

din

g s

ea

so

n,

fem

ale

s c

an

rep

el a

n

ap

pro

ach

ing m

ale

by a

vo

ca

l

thre

at.

Th

is s

ub

sp

ecie

s h

as

be

en

ob

se

rve

d in

dry

scle

rop

hyll fo

rests

an

d

op

en

wo

od

lan

ds th

at

co

nta

in h

ollo

w-b

ea

ring

tree

s b

ut a

sp

ars

e

gro

un

d c

ove

r. Re

co

rds

are

less c

om

mo

n fro

m

we

tter fo

rests

.

Fo

rme

rly

wid

esp

rea

d in

ea

ste

rn a

nd

so

uth

-

we

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia a

nd

pre

su

me

d a

bu

nd

an

t

in a

pp

rop

riate

ha

bita

t of w

oo

dla

nd

an

d o

pe

n fo

rest.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

38

Be

ll Min

ers

Ma

no

rina

me

lan

op

hrys

Be

ll Min

ers

fee

d a

s a

co

lon

y, from

the

ca

no

py a

t or a

bo

ve

8m

from

the

gro

un

d.

Th

ey m

ain

ly ea

t inse

cts

, esp

ecia

lly psyllid

s

an

d th

eir le

rps (s

uga

ry se

cre

tion

s u

se

d a

s

pro

tectiv

e s

he

lters

by th

e tin

y psyllid

inse

cts

) from

the

folia

ge

of e

uca

lypts

. Th

ey

als

o e

at n

ecta

r an

d m

an

na

. It ha

s b

ee

n

sh

ow

n th

at B

ell M

ine

rs m

ain

tain

psyllid

po

pu

latio

ns a

t hig

h le

ve

ls b

y pro

tectin

g

the

m fro

m o

the

r bird

s a

nd

by m

ain

tain

ing

su

fficie

ntly la

rge

territo

ries s

o th

at th

ey

do

n't o

ve

r-fee

d o

n th

e p

syllid

s th

em

se

lve

s.

Op

en

eu

ca

lypt fo

rests

an

d w

oo

dla

nd

s w

ith a

de

nse

sh

rub

by

un

de

rsto

rey.

Te

mp

era

te zo

ne

in

bro

ad

gu

llies o

f

foo

thills

or o

n c

oa

sta

l

pla

ins, o

ften

at e

dge

s

of ra

info

rest a

rea

s.

En

de

mic

to

ea

ste

rn

an

d s

ou

th-

ea

ste

rn

ma

inla

nd

Au

stra

lia,

bu

t is

restric

ted

to c

oa

sta

l

an

d

mo

un

tain

regio

ns.

Bla

ck

-face

d

Cu

ck

oo

Sh

rike

s

Co

racin

a

no

vae

ho

llan

dia

e

Fe

ed

on

inse

cts

an

d o

the

r inve

rteb

rate

s. T

he

se

ma

y be

ca

ugh

t in th

e a

ir, tak

en

from

folia

ge

or

ca

ugh

t on

the

gro

un

d. In

ad

ditio

n to

inse

cts

,

so

me

fruits

an

d s

ee

ds a

re a

lso

ea

ten

. Ma

y

ma

te w

ith th

e s

am

e p

artn

er e

ach

yea

r, an

d

ma

y use

the

sa

me

territo

ries ye

ar a

fter ye

ar.

Th

e n

est is

a s

ha

llow

sa

uce

r of s

tick

s a

nd

ba

rk,

bo

un

d to

ge

the

r with

co

bw

eb

s. B

oth

pa

rtne

rs

co

nstru

ct th

e n

est a

nd

ca

re fo

r the

you

ng b

irds.

Wo

od

ed

ha

bita

t, with

the

exc

ep

tion

of

rain

fore

sts

. It is a

lso

fam

iliar in

ma

ny

su

bu

rbs.

Wid

esp

rea

d

an

d

co

mm

on

in

Au

stra

lia.

Bro

ad

-too

the

d

Ra

t

Ma

sta

co

mys

fuscu

s

Th

e B

roa

d-to

oth

ed

Ra

t is a

sp

ecia

list

he

rbiv

ore

wh

ich

fee

ds o

n th

e s

tem

, lea

ve

s

an

d s

ee

ds o

f se

dge

s a

nd

gra

sse

s, p

rima

rily

Gra

min

ae

an

d C

ype

race

ae

.

Mo

de

rate

-to-d

en

se

gro

un

d c

ove

r of

gra

sse

s o

r se

dge

s, w

ith

sh

rub

s u

su

ally p

rese

nt,

pa

rticu

larly a

lon

g v

alle

y

floo

rs n

ea

r to s

trea

ms.

SE

Au

stra

lia

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Passeriformes/Meliphagidae/Manorina/Manorina-melanophrys

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Passeriformes/Meliphagidae/Manorina/Manorina-melanophrys

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/taxonomy/term/885/Coracina/Coracina-novaehollandiae

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/taxonomy/term/885/Coracina/Coracina-novaehollandiae

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

39

Bro

wn

Pig

eo

ns

Ma

cro

pyg

ia

am

bo

ine

nsis

Th

ey fe

ed

on

fruit, b

errie

s a

nd

se

ed

s

from

a v

arie

ty of ra

info

rest tre

es,

sh

rub

s a

nd

vin

es. T

he

y usu

ally fe

ed

in th

e tre

es in

the

ea

rly mo

rnin

g a

nd

the

late

afte

rno

on

, ofte

n h

an

gin

g

up

sid

e d

ow

n to

rea

ch

fruit. T

he

y

co

me

to th

e g

rou

nd

to d

rink

an

d to

ea

t grit. T

he

y ca

n d

ige

st v

ery h

ard

se

ed

s. T

he

y ne

st in

rain

fore

st tre

es,

sh

rub

s a

nd

the

top

s o

f vin

es a

nd

fern

s, w

ith th

e n

est b

ein

g a

sca

nty

co

llectio

n o

f twig

s a

nd

stic

ks p

lace

d

sid

ew

ays

on

a b

ran

ch

. Th

e yo

un

g a

re

co

ve

red

with

lon

g th

ick

do

wn

wh

en

first h

atc

he

d. B

oth

pa

ren

ts s

ha

re th

e

incu

ba

tion

an

d c

are

of th

e yo

un

g.

Th

is is

a p

ige

on

of

rain

fore

sts

an

d w

et

scle

rop

hyll fo

rest,

pa

rticu

larly a

t the

fore

st e

dge

s, a

lon

g

cre

eks a

nd

rive

rs.

Th

ey a

re o

ften

fou

nd

in re

gro

wth

alo

ng ro

ad

s, in

cle

arin

gs a

nd

in

we

ed

y are

as lik

e

lan

tan

a.

Th

rou

gh

ou

t NE

an

d E

QLD

,

inclu

din

g o

ff-

sh

ore

isla

nd

s,

an

d E

NS

W. Its

ran

ge

is

exp

an

din

g

do

wn

the

co

ast o

f NS

W.

Bru

sh

tail

Po

ssu

m

Tric

ho

su

rus

vulp

ecu

la

Th

e B

rush

tail P

ossu

m is

a n

octu

rna

l

ma

rsu

pia

l sp

en

din

g th

e d

aytim

e a

sle

ep

in its

ne

st a

nd

fee

din

g a

t nig

ht. T

he

y are

a tre

e-livin

g a

nim

al a

nd

so

are

we

ll

ad

ap

ted

for c

limb

ing w

ith th

eir s

ha

rp

cla

ws; a

ha

nd

-like

ba

ck

foo

t for g

rasp

ing

an

d a

stro

ng fle

xible

(pre

he

nsile

) tail fo

r

cu

rling a

rou

nd

bra

nch

es. B

rush

tails

als

o

sp

en

d s

om

e tim

e o

n th

e g

rou

nd

se

arc

hin

g fo

r foo

d s

uch

as th

e le

ave

s o

f

tree

s a

nd

sh

rub

s, b

ut th

ey a

lso

en

joy

su

ccu

len

t he

rbs, g

rasse

s, a

nd

ga

rde

n

pla

nts

Th

eir n

atu

ral

ha

bita

t is fo

rest,

wh

ere

the

y ne

st in

tree

ho

llow

s. T

he

y

will a

lso

co

ha

bit

with

hu

ma

ns in

citie

s a

nd

tow

ns

wh

ere

the

y se

ek

sh

elte

r, wa

rmth

an

d

pro

tectio

n in

the

da

rk re

ce

sse

s o

f

bu

ildin

gs

Wid

esp

rea

d

thro

ugh

ou

t

Ta

sm

an

ia a

nd

are

hig

hly

ad

ap

tab

le to

a

wid

e ra

nge

of

na

tura

l an

d

hu

ma

n

en

viro

nm

en

ts.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

40

Co

mm

on

Tre

e

Sn

ak

e

De

nd

rela

ph

is

pu

nctu

lata

Th

is c

om

mo

n s

na

ke

is h

arm

less,

rea

dily re

co

gn

ise

d a

s it is

an

agile

sn

ake

with

a v

ery s

len

de

r bo

dy a

nd

tail. T

he

y are

activ

e d

urin

g th

e d

ay,

an

d re

st a

t nig

ht in

ho

llow

tree

s,

logs, fo

liage

, or ro

ck

cre

vice

s. W

he

n

restin

g th

ey o

ften

are

to b

e fo

un

d in

tree

s h

en

ce

the

na

me

"tree

sn

ak

e".

Die

t - Fro

gs, w

ate

r sk

ink

s, a

nd

sm

all re

ptile

s a

nd

the

ir eggs fo

rm a

larg

e p

art o

f the

co

mm

on

tree

sn

ake

's d

iet, b

ut it w

ill als

o e

at

sm

all fis

h, m

am

ma

ls, g

eck

os,

an

d tu

rtle h

atc

hlin

gs.

Fo

un

d in

a v

arie

ty of h

ab

itats

inclu

din

g: b

ush

lan

d; w

ell

ve

ge

tate

d b

an

ks o

f rivers

,

cre

ek

s a

nd

stre

am

s; ra

info

rest e

dge

s; e

uca

l

ypt fo

rests

; he

ath

lan

d; a

nd

are

as w

ith tre

es, lo

ng g

rass, a

nd

lush

ve

ge

tatio

n—

esp

ecia

lly ne

ar

wa

ter. W

he

n n

ea

r wa

ter th

ey

ofte

n lo

ok

for lo

ng g

rass in

loca

tion

s w

he

re th

ey a

re lik

ely to

find

pre

y, ble

nd

ing in

with

gra

sse

s w

hile

wa

tch

ing fo

r pre

y

to c

om

e to

ne

arb

y rocks o

r

ba

nk

s to

ba

sk

or p

lay.

Au

stra

lia's

no

rthe

rn tro

pic

s

an

d e

aste

rn

Au

stra

lia. It is

als

o fo

un

d fro

m

the

Kim

be

rley re

gio

n, W

A to

Ca

pe

Yo

rk a

nd

To

rres

Stra

it, QLD

,

exte

nd

ing d

ow

n

the

ea

st c

oa

st

into

NS

W, a

nd

no

rth in

to P

ap

ua

Ne

w G

uin

ea

.

Cre

no

icu

s

ha

rriso

ni

Sm

all, a

qu

atic

iso

po

d

cru

sta

ce

an

me

asu

ring 9

-10

mm

in le

ngth

. It is g

rey a

nd

bro

wn

with

ligh

t-co

lou

red

legs. B

oth

ad

ults

an

d yo

un

g a

re b

lind

,

ca

nn

ot s

wim

an

d a

re g

en

era

lly

slo

w m

ovin

g, e

sp

ecia

lly du

ring

the

co

ld s

ea

so

n. T

he

y ha

ve

brig

ht w

hite

pa

tch

es o

n th

eir

he

ad

s w

he

re th

eir e

yes s

ho

uld

be

.

Hig

h a

ltitud

e s

wa

mp

roo

ts

an

d m

osse

s

Sa

xby’s

Sw

am

p

Ba

rringto

n T

op

s

Wild

ern

ess

Are

a O

NLY

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frogs

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_skink

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reptiles

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammals

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geckos

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainforest

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalypt

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathland

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_York_Peninsula


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torres_Strait

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torres_Strait





Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

41

Dia

mo

nd

Pyth

on

Mo

relia

sp

ilota

sp

ilota

No

n-v

en

om

ou

s s

na

ke

. On

ave

rage

, the

Dia

mo

nd

Pyth

on

will g

row

to 1

.8m

;

ho

we

ve

r so

me

sp

ecim

en

s u

p to

2.8

m

ha

ve

be

en

do

cu

me

nte

d. P

ytho

ns a

re

co

nstric

tors

, co

iling a

rou

nd

the

ir pre

y

an

d s

qu

ee

zing it u

ntil it s

uffo

ca

tes.

Lik

e m

ost o

the

r sn

ak

es th

ey c

an

sw

allo

w a

nim

als

mu

ch

larg

er th

an

the

dia

me

ter o

f the

ir ow

n h

ea

ds. H

atc

hlin

g

Dia

mo

nd

Pyth

on

s fe

ed

alm

ost s

ole

ly

on

sm

all liza

rds. A

s a

du

lts, th

is re

ptile

fee

ds m

ain

ly on

bird

s a

nd

oth

er

ve

rteb

rate

s s

uch

as ra

ts, m

ice

,

po

ssu

ms a

nd

ba

nd

ico

ots

.

Dia

mo

nd

Pyth

on

s

ofte

n ta

ke

up

resid

en

ce

in th

e ro

of

sp

ace

s o

f priv

ate

ho

use

s. M

an

y pe

op

le

are

no

t ke

en

on

ha

vin

g s

uch

lod

ge

rs;

ho

we

ve

r, the

sn

ak

es

ca

rry ou

t a v

ery

be

ne

ficia

l task b

y

elim

ina

ting a

ny

un

wa

nte

d ro

de

nt

pe

sts

. On

ce

the

foo

d

su

pp

ly ha

s b

ee

n

exh

au

ste

d, th

e

sn

ak

es w

ill mo

ve

on

.

Co

asta

l are

as

an

d a

dja

ce

nt

ran

ge

s o

f

so

uth

-ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia

Ea

ste

rn G

rey

Ka

nga

roo

s

Ma

cro

pu

s

gig

an

teu

s

Pre

do

min

an

tly a h

erb

ivo

rou

s, g

razin

g

an

ima

l with

sp

ecific

foo

d p

refe

ren

ce

s.

With

the

gra

sse

s th

ey p

refe

r to e

at

you

ng g

ree

n s

ho

ots

hig

h in

pro

tein

.

Be

ing n

octu

rna

l, larg

e ‘m

ob

s’ w

ill

ga

the

r at d

usk

to fe

ed

wh

ere

foo

d is

mo

st a

bu

nd

an

t.

Th

ey c

om

mu

nic

ate

via

a s

erie

s o

f

clu

ck

ing s

ou

nd

s. A

ggre

ssiv

e m

ale

s

an

d a

larm

ed

ind

ivid

ua

ls o

f bo

th s

exe

s

giv

e v

en

t to a

gu

ttura

l co

ugh

.

Gre

y Ka

nga

roo

s h

ave

wid

e a

nd

alm

ost

co

ntin

uo

us

dis

tribu

tion

be

twe

en

the

inla

nd

pla

ins a

nd

the

co

ast w

he

re th

e

an

nu

al ra

infa

ll is

mo

re th

an

25

0m

m.

Th

ey a

re a

lso

fou

nd

at a

ll altitu

de

s in

wo

od

lan

ds u

p to

su

ba

lpin

e a

rea

s.

Th

e E

aste

rn

Gre

y Ka

nga

roo

is fo

un

d o

ve

r

mo

st o

f the

ea

ste

rn s

tate

s

inclu

din

g

Ta

sm

an

ia.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

42

Ea

ste

rn W

ate

r

Dra

go

n

Ph

ysig

na

thu

s

lesu

eu

rii

It is a

go

od

tree

clim

be

r an

d lik

es to

laze

on

bra

nch

es o

ve

rha

ngin

g th

e

wa

ter. If d

istu

rbe

d it w

ill dro

p in

to th

e

wa

ter a

nd

sw

im to

the

bo

ttom

to w

ait

for th

e d

an

ge

r to p

ass, s

tayin

g u

nd

er

for u

p to

30

min

ute

s if n

ece

ssa

ry. Th

e

die

t ma

inly c

om

pris

es s

ma

ll rep

tiles,

wo

rms, fro

gs, in

se

cts

, ve

ge

tatio

n,

fruit, s

ma

ll ma

mm

als

an

d m

ollu

scs.

Wa

ter C

ou

rse

s

Co

asta

l wa

ter

co

urs

es o

f ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia fro

m

no

rthe

rn

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

to

Gip

psla

nd

in

ea

ste

rn V

icto

ria.

Ea

ste

rn

Wh

ipb

irds

Pso

ph

od

es

oliva

ce

us

Fe

ed

s o

n in

se

cts

an

d o

the

r sm

all

inve

rteb

rate

s, w

hic

h a

re c

au

gh

t on

the

gro

un

d b

y bill. F

ee

din

g ta

ke

s p

lace

alo

ne

, in p

airs

or in

sm

all fa

mily

gro

up

s. A

bre

ed

ing p

air o

f Ea

ste

rn

Wh

ipb

irds o

ccu

pie

s a

territo

ry, wh

ich

is d

efe

nd

ed

yea

r rou

nd

, with

the

ma

tes s

tayin

g to

ge

the

r for m

an

y

yea

rs. T

he

fem

ale

ma

ke

s a

cu

p n

est

of s

tick

s a

nd

ba

rk, w

hic

h is

line

d w

ith

fine

r gra

sse

s, a

nd

pla

ce

d in

de

nse

ve

ge

tatio

n n

ea

r the

gro

un

d.

We

t ha

bita

ts,

inclu

din

g ra

info

rest,

eu

ca

lypt fo

rest a

nd

de

nse

scru

b n

ea

r

wa

terc

ou

rse

s, in

de

nse

ve

ge

tatio

n

ne

ar th

e g

rou

nd

. Th

e

bird

s a

re s

ecre

tive,

bu

t ca

n b

e c

urio

us,

an

d w

ill be

se

en

if the

ob

se

rver re

ma

ins

pa

tien

t.

Fro

m n

orth

ern

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

to

Vic

toria

alo

ng th

e

co

asta

l ba

nd

of

ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia.

Eu

ro W

alla

roo

Ma

cro

pu

s

rob

ustu

s

Th

ey e

at b

oth

you

ng a

nd

ma

ture

gra

ss

in fa

vo

ur o

f forb

s o

r sh

rub

s. M

ale

Eu

ros fo

llow

cre

ek

s a

nd

de

ep

dra

ina

ge

ch

an

ne

ls o

nto

the

pla

ins

du

ring d

rou

gh

t. Eu

ros a

re a

lso

no

t

fully d

ep

en

de

nt o

n w

ate

r bo

die

s to

drin

k a

s th

ey h

ave

the

ca

pa

city to

find

su

bte

rran

ea

n w

ate

r an

d d

ig s

oa

ks in

cre

ek

be

ds.

Fo

un

d in

va

riety o

f

ha

bita

ts u

su

ally

wh

ere

the

re is

rock

y

ou

tcro

ps w

ith c

ave

s

or o

ve

rha

ngs to

pro

vid

e s

he

lter

Fo

un

d a

cro

ss m

ost

of A

ustra

lia,

exc

ep

t trop

ica

l

no

rth a

nd

so

uth

ern

co

asta

l

are

as a

nd

Ta

sm

an

ia

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Passeriformes/Eupetidae/Psophodes/Psophodes-olivaceus

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Passeriformes/Eupetidae/Psophodes/Psophodes-olivaceus

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

43

Fa

n-ta

iled

Cu

ck

oo

s

Ca

co

ma

ntis

flab

ellifo

rmis

Its d

iet c

on

sis

ts o

f ha

iry

ca

terp

illars

, bu

t will a

lso

tak

e a

va

riety o

f oth

er in

se

cts

an

d

the

ir larv

ae

.Th

e b

ird re

turn

s to

its p

erc

h to

ea

t the

pre

y. Th

e

Fa

n-ta

iled

Cu

ck

oo

is a

bro

od

pa

rasite

; layin

g its

eggs in

the

ne

sts

of o

the

r sp

ecie

s o

f bird

s.

Its n

atu

ral h

ab

itats

are

tem

pe

rate

fore

sts

, su

btro

pic

al

or tro

pic

al m

an

gro

ve

fore

sts

, su

btro

pic

al

or tro

pic

al m

ois

t

mo

nta

ne

fore

sts

,

pa

dd

ock

s, o

rch

ard

s

an

d g

ard

en

s.

Fo

un

d

thro

ugh

ou

t

ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia,

so

uth

-we

ste

rn

We

ste

rn A

ustra

lia

an

d T

asm

an

ia.

Fla

me

Ro

bin

s

Pe

troic

a

ph

oe

nic

ea

Fe

ed

on

inse

cts

, sp

ide

rs a

nd

oth

er s

ma

ll arth

rop

od

s. B

irds

tak

e p

rey fro

m th

e g

rou

nd

,

po

un

cin

g o

n it fro

m e

xpo

se

d

loo

ko

uts

, the

n re

turn

to a

pe

rch

to e

at. T

he

ne

st is

bu

ilt by th

e

fem

ale

, an

d is

a g

rass a

nd

ba

rk

cu

p, b

ou

nd

with

sp

ide

r we

b a

nd

de

co

rate

d w

ith lic

he

n.

Fla

me

Ro

bin

s p

refe

r

fore

sts

an

d

wo

od

lan

ds u

p to

ab

ou

t 18

00

m a

bo

ve

se

a le

ve

l.

Fo

un

d in

a b

roa

d

co

asta

l ba

nd

aro

un

d th

e s

ou

th-

ea

st c

orn

er o

f the

Au

stra

lian

ma

inla

nd

, from

so

uth

ern

QLD

to

just w

est o

f the

SA

bo

rde

r. Th

e

sp

ecie

s is

als

o

fou

nd

in T

asm

an

ia.

Gla

nd

ula

r

Fro

g

Lito

ria

da

viesa

e

Th

e c

all o

f this

frog is

a

ho

llow

ish

so

un

din

g “c

o-c

uck

”

rep

ea

ted

on

ce

or tw

ice

a

se

co

nd

in s

ucce

ssio

n fo

r up

to

10

se

co

nd

s o

r mo

re. T

he

y

pre

su

ma

bly e

at in

ve

rteb

rate

s,

bu

t the

ir die

t ha

s n

ot b

ee

n

inve

stig

ate

d.

Th

ey h

ave

be

en

fou

nd

in w

et

scle

rop

hyll fo

rest a

nd

rain

fore

st, d

ry

scle

rop

hyll fo

rest,

mo

nta

ne

wo

od

lan

ds

an

d s

em

i-cle

are

d to

cle

are

d g

razin

g

lan

ds.

Mo

un

t Ro

yal to

We

rrikim

be

e in

Ne

w S

ou

th W

ale

s

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Cuculiformes/Cuculidae/Cacomantis/Cacomantis-flabelliformis

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Cuculiformes/Cuculidae/Cacomantis/Cacomantis-flabelliformis

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montane_forest

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Passeriformes/Petroicidae/Petroica/Petroica-phoenicea

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Passeriformes/Petroicidae/Petroica/Petroica-phoenicea

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

44

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Glo

ssy B

lack

Co

ck

ato

o

Ca

lypto

rhyn

ch

us la

tha

mi

Fe

ed

s a

lmo

st e

xclu

sive

ly on

Allo

ca

su

arin

a s

ee

ds: in

a

pa

rticu

lar a

rea

, bird

s m

ay

fee

d o

nly o

n a

sin

gle

sp

ecie

s.

It ma

y als

o s

om

etim

es e

at

wo

od

-bo

ring la

rvae

. Ta

me

an

d e

asily a

pp

roa

ch

ed

wh

en

fee

din

g, th

ey c

an

be

de

tecte

d

by th

e c

lick

ing o

f the

ir bills

an

d th

e fa

lling d

eb

ris o

f

ca

su

arin

a c

on

es a

nd

twig

s.

Ma

tes fo

r life, w

ith p

airs

ma

inta

inin

g th

eir b

on

d a

ll

yea

r rou

nd

.

Fo

un

d in

wo

od

lan

d

do

min

ate

d b

y

Allo

ca

su

arin

a a

nd

in

op

en

fore

sts

wh

ere

it

form

s a

su

bsta

ntia

l

mid

dle

laye

r. Ofte

n

co

nfin

ed

to re

mn

an

t

Allo

ca

su

arin

a p

atc

he

s

su

rrou

nd

ed

by

cle

are

d fa

rmla

nd

s.

Re

qu

ires tre

e h

ollo

ws

for b

ree

din

g.

Fro

m E

un

ge

lla E

aste

rn

Au

stra

lia, Q

ue

en

sla

nd

so

uth

to e

ast G

ipp

lan

d,

Vic

toria

, an

d in

lan

d fro

m

so

uth

ern

ce

ntra

l

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

thro

ugh

the

ce

ntra

l we

st o

f Ne

w S

ou

th

Wa

les to

no

rth-e

aste

rn

Vic

toria

. Th

ere

is a

lso

an

iso

late

d p

op

ula

tion

on

Ka

nga

roo

Isla

nd

, So

uth

Au

stra

lia.

Gre

en

Ca

tbird

s

Ailu

roe

du

s

cra

ssiro

stris

Ea

ts fru

it, no

tab

ly figs,

flow

ers

, an

d o

the

r pla

nt

ma

teria

l. It will a

lso

kill

ba

by b

irds to

fee

d its

ow

n

you

ng d

urin

g b

ree

din

g

se

aso

n a

nd

will e

at s

ma

ll

rep

tiles to

o. T

he

ne

st h

as

an

un

usu

al la

yer o

f we

t,

so

ft wo

od

be

ne

ath

the

linin

g o

f fine

twig

s a

nd

lea

ve

s, m

ak

ing th

e n

est

ve

ry larg

e a

nd

bu

lky.

Fo

un

d in

tem

pe

rate

an

d s

ub

-trop

ica

l

rain

fore

st a

nd

pa

pe

rba

rks, a

nd

so

me

time

s a

dja

ce

nt

eu

ca

lypt fo

rest.

Fo

un

d a

lon

g th

e e

ast

co

ast o

f Au

stra

lia, fro

m

so

uth

-ea

ste

rn

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

to s

ou

the

rn

Ne

w S

ou

th W

ale

s.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Psittaciformes/Cacatuidae/Calyptorhynchus/Calyptorhynchus-lathami

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Psittaciformes/Cacatuidae/Calyptorhynchus/Calyptorhynchus-lathami

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

45

Ha

stin

gs

Riv

er M

ou

se

Pse

ud

om

ys

ora

lis

Bro

wn

ish

-gre

y rod

en

t with

a g

reyis

h-w

hite

be

lly. It

gro

ws to

17

cm

lon

g a

nd

we

igh

s u

p to

10

0 g

. Its

tail is

bro

wn

on

the

up

pe

r

su

rface

, wh

ite

un

de

rne

ath

an

d g

row

s to

15

cm

lon

g. T

he

die

t

inclu

de

s s

ee

ds a

nd

lea

f

ma

teria

l as w

ell a

s

inse

cts

, po

llen

, flow

ers

,

fern

s a

nd

fun

gi.

Op

en

ca

no

py a

nd

sh

rub

laye

r

be

twe

en

41

0 a

nd

11

00

m e

leva

tion

.

Gro

un

d c

ove

r

va

ries fro

m a

lmo

st

no

co

ve

r to a

de

nse

, ran

k c

ove

r

of g

rasse

s, h

erb

s

an

d s

ed

ge

s. T

his

ha

bita

t occu

rs

be

sid

e c

ree

ks a

nd

so

aka

ge

’s, b

ut is

als

o fo

un

d o

n

ridge

s a

nd

gra

ssy

pla

ins.

Th

is ra

nge

exte

nd

s

from

Mo

un

t Ro

yal

Sta

te F

ore

st, N

SW

to

Ma

in R

an

ge

Na

tion

al

Pa

rk a

nd

Ga

mb

ub

al

Sta

te F

ore

st,

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

an

d

La

min

gto

n N

atio

na

l

Pa

rk, Q

ue

en

sla

nd

.

Ko

ala

Ph

asco

larc

tos

cin

ere

us

Ea

ts e

uca

lypt le

ave

s

wh

ich

are

low

in p

rote

in,

hig

h in

ind

ige

stib

le

su

bsta

nce

s, a

nd

co

nta

in

ph

en

olic

an

d te

rpe

ne

co

mp

ou

nd

s th

at a

re to

xic

to m

ost s

pe

cie

s. R

ests

mo

tion

less fo

r ab

ou

t 16

to 1

8 h

ou

rs a

da

y,

sle

ep

ing m

ost o

f tha

t

time

.

A b

ab

y ko

ala

is re

ferre

d

to a

s a

Joe

y an

d is

ha

irless, b

lind

, an

d

ea

rless.

Eu

ca

lypt T

ree

s

Co

asta

l regio

ns o

f

ea

ste

rn a

nd

so

uth

ern

Au

stra

lia, fro

m

Ad

ela

ide

to th

e

so

uth

ern

pa

rt of

Ca

pe

Yo

rk P

en

insu

la.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terpene

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joey_(marsupial)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adelaide


Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

46

Fa

un

a

Na

me

B

eh

avio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Ko

ok

ab

urra

Da

ce

lo

no

vae

gu

ine

ae

Fe

ed

s m

ostly o

n in

se

cts

, wo

rms a

nd

cru

sta

ce

an

s, a

ltho

ugh

sm

all s

na

ke

s,

ma

mm

als

, frogs a

nd

bird

s m

ay a

lso

be

ea

ten

. Pre

y is s

eize

d b

y po

un

cin

g fro

m

a s

uita

ble

pe

rch

. Sm

all p

rey is

ea

ten

wh

ole

, bu

t larg

er p

rey is

kille

d b

y

ba

sh

ing it a

ga

inst th

e g

rou

nd

or tre

e

bra

nch

.

Th

e L

au

gh

ing

Ko

ok

ab

urra

inh

ab

its

mo

st a

rea

s w

he

re

the

re a

re s

uita

ble

tree

s.

Fo

un

d

thro

ugh

ou

t

ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia.

Th

ey h

ave

be

en

intro

du

ce

d to

Ta

sm

an

ia, th

e

extre

me

so

uth

-

we

st o

f We

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia, a

nd

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d.

Le

win

's

Ho

ne

yea

ter

Me

liph

aga

lew

inii

Fe

ed

s m

ostly o

n fru

its, fa

vo

urin

g

be

rries a

nd

sm

all fru

its, b

ut a

lso

ea

t

inse

cts

an

d n

ecta

r. So

me

inse

cts

are

ca

ugh

t in flig

ht. T

he

ne

st is

a la

rge

cu

p

of v

ege

tatio

n a

nd

oth

er m

ate

rials

,

bo

un

d to

ge

the

r with

sp

ide

r we

b a

nd

line

d w

ith s

oft m

ate

rial.

Fo

un

d in

bo

th

rain

fore

st a

nd

we

t

scle

rop

hyll fo

rest,

an

d o

ften

wa

nd

ers

into

mo

re o

pe

n

wo

od

lan

d. It is

a

co

mm

on

bird

, an

d its

ca

ll is o

ften

he

ard

in

the

se

are

as.

We

tter p

arts

of

ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia,

from

no

rthe

rn

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

to

ce

ntra

l Vic

toria

.

Lo

ng N

ose

d

Ba

nd

ico

ot

Pe

ram

ele

s

na

su

ta

Fe

ed

on

inse

cts

, oth

er s

ma

ll

inve

rteb

rate

s a

nd

so

ft roo

ts o

f pla

nts

.

Th

ey d

ig h

ole

s b

ig e

no

ugh

for th

eir lo

ng

no

se

s to

rea

ch

in a

nd

ea

t inse

cts

hid

ing

un

de

rgro

un

d o

r in ro

tting lo

gs h

alf b

urie

d

in th

e fo

rest flo

or.

Th

ese

ba

nd

ico

ots

ca

n o

ften

be

he

ard

issu

ing s

hrill w

his

tles a

nd

gru

nt-lik

e

so

un

ds w

he

n fo

od

is fo

un

d. N

octu

rna

l

fora

ge

rs. L

ive in

lea

f an

d ve

ge

tatio

n lin

ed

ne

sts

, ofte

n in

logs, c

revic

es o

r scra

pp

ed

ou

t bu

rrow

s o

r tun

ne

ls.

Yo

u c

an

find

lon

g

no

se

d b

an

dic

oo

ts in

fore

sts

inclu

din

g

rain

fore

sts

. Th

ey lik

e

ple

nty o

f mo

istu

re

tho

ugh

.

Co

mm

on

an

d

wid

esp

rea

d

thro

ugh

ou

t NS

W,

pa

rticu

larly in

co

asta

l are

as

an

d e

ithe

r sid

e o

f

the

Gre

at

Div

idin

g R

an

ge

.

Fa

un

a

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Coraciiformes/Halcyonidae/Dacelo/Dacelo-novaeguineae



http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Passeriformes/Meliphagidae/Meliphaga/Meliphaga-lewinii

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Passeriformes/Meliphagidae/Meliphaga/Meliphaga-lewinii

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

47

Na

me

Lo

ng-n

ose

d

Po

toro

o

Po

toro

us

trida

ctylu

s

Sp

ars

ely ve

ge

tate

d a

rea

s a

re u

se

d fo

r

fun

gu

s fe

ed

ing a

nd

ma

y be

use

d fo

r

fora

gin

g. G

en

era

lly co

nsid

ere

d to

be

no

ctu

rna

l, du

ring th

e d

ay, p

oto

roo

s u

su

ally

rest in

sh

allo

w d

ep

ressio

ns o

r ne

sts

, wh

ich

ca

n b

e lo

ca

ted

un

de

r tusso

ck

s, in

thic

ke

ts

or a

mo

ng ro

cks a

nd

aga

inst lo

gs.

Co

asta

l he

ath

s a

nd

eu

ca

lypt

fore

sts

ge

ne

rally o

n n

utrie

nt-

po

or s

an

dy o

r ligh

t so

ils

wh

ere

the

re is

de

nse

gro

un

dco

ve

r tha

t pro

vid

es

mic

roh

ab

itat fo

r sh

elte

r an

d

pro

tectio

n fro

m in

trod

uce

d

pre

da

tors

.

On

ly fou

nd

in

So

uth

Ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia, b

ein

g

co

nfin

ed

to

Ta

sm

an

ia a

nd

the

co

asta

l sid

e o

f the

Gre

at D

ivid

ing

Ra

nge

on

ma

inla

nd

Au

stra

lia.

Ma

ske

d

Ow

l

Tyto

no

vae

ho

lla

nd

iae

Fe

ed

s m

ain

ly on

sm

all m

am

ma

ls, s

uch

as

rod

en

ts, ra

bb

its a

nd

ba

nd

ico

ots

. Oth

er

pre

y an

ima

ls in

clu

de

po

ssu

ms, re

ptile

s,

bird

s a

nd

inse

cts

, with

hu

ntin

g ta

kin

g

pla

ce

in th

e e

arly h

ou

rs o

f nig

ht. T

he

bird

s

sit o

n lo

w p

erc

he

s lis

ten

ing fo

r pre

y wh

ich

,

on

ce

de

tecte

d, is

take

n fro

m th

e g

rou

nd

or

from

the

tree

bra

nch

es.

Inh

ab

its fo

rests

, wo

od

lan

ds,

timb

ere

d w

ate

rwa

ys a

nd

op

en

co

un

try on

the

fringe

of

the

se

are

as. T

he

ma

in

req

uire

me

nts

are

tall tre

es

with

su

itab

le h

ollo

ws fo

r

ne

stin

g a

nd

roo

stin

g a

nd

ad

jace

nt a

rea

s fo

r fora

gin

g.

Th

e ra

nge

is a

bro

ad

co

asta

l

ba

nd

aro

un

d m

ost

of m

ain

lan

d

Au

stra

lia a

nd

thro

ugh

ou

t

Ta

sm

an

ia, a

nd

for

the

mo

st p

art is

less th

an

30

0 k

m

from

the

co

ast.

Mic

ro-b

ats

Ba

ts m

ay b

e s

ee

n o

n d

usk o

r at n

igh

t

fora

gin

g in

flywa

ys th

rou

gh

bu

sh

lan

d

are

as. T

he

se

flywa

ys a

re typ

ica

lly an

op

en

co

rrido

r in th

e b

ush

su

ch

as a

fire tra

il or

wa

lkin

g. M

icro

-ba

ts u

se

ech

olo

ca

tion

to

na

vig

ate

an

d to

loca

te in

se

cts

.

Ech

olo

ca

tion

ca

lls a

re h

igh

-freq

ue

ncy

so

un

d w

ave

s m

ad

e b

y the

ba

t forc

ing a

ir

thro

ugh

its v

oca

l co

rds. C

alls

bo

un

ce

ba

ck

from

su

rrou

nd

ing o

bje

cts

an

d th

e b

at’s

se

nsitive

ea

rs c

an

de

tect th

e e

ch

oe

s o

f

the

ir ca

lls.

Inh

ab

it a w

ide

ran

ge

of

ha

bita

ts w

ithin

the

loca

l

are

a, in

clu

din

g v

ege

tatio

n

type

s s

uch

as w

et a

nd

dry

scle

rop

hyll fo

rests

,

me

lale

uca

sw

am

ps,

rain

fore

sts

, we

ll timb

ere

d

va

lleys

, op

en

farm

lan

ds,

su

bu

rba

n a

rea

s a

nd

are

as

su

rrou

nd

ing w

ate

r-bo

die

s.

Wh

ere

ve

r su

itab

le

ha

bita

t is p

rese

nt.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

48

No

isy

Fria

rbird

Ph

ilem

on

co

rnic

ula

tus

Ea

ts n

ecta

r, fruit, in

se

cts

an

d

oth

er in

ve

rteb

rate

s a

nd

so

me

time

s e

ggs o

r ba

by b

irds.

Ofte

n fe

ed

in n

ois

y flock

s, a

nd

with

oth

er h

on

eye

ate

rs s

uch

as

the

Re

d W

attle

bird

.

Pre

fers

dry fo

rests

an

d e

uca

lypt

wo

od

lan

ds, a

s w

ell

as c

oa

sta

l scru

b,

he

ath

lan

ds a

nd

aro

un

d w

etla

nd

s

an

d w

et fo

rests

,

an

d is

fou

nd

in

mo

st c

lima

te

zon

es, e

xten

din

g

into

arid

are

as

alo

ng riv

ers

.

Fo

un

d in

ea

ste

rn

an

d s

ou

th-

ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia,

from

no

rth-

ea

ste

rn

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

to

no

rth-e

aste

rn

Vic

toria

. It is a

lso

fou

nd

in

so

uth

ern

Ne

w

Gu

ine

a.

No

rthe

rn

Bro

wn

Ba

nd

ico

ot

Iso

od

on

ma

cro

uru

s

Th

e N

orth

ern

Bro

wn

ba

nd

ico

ot is

ve

ry territo

rial a

nd

ma

rks its

bo

un

da

ries fro

m s

ce

nt g

lan

ds o

n

the

ea

rs, m

ou

th, p

ou

ch

an

d c

loa

ca

.

Wh

en

dis

turb

ed

it will fle

e in

a

zigza

g m

ove

me

nt. It is

no

ctu

rna

l

an

d h

as a

ke

en

se

nse

of s

me

ll.

Be

ing o

mn

ivo

rou

s, it fe

ed

s o

n

se

ed

s, in

se

cts

an

d e

arth

wo

rms. Its

pre

da

tors

inclu

de

fera

l ca

ts, fo

xes

an

d o

wls

. Th

e in

trod

uctio

n o

f

livesto

ck

an

d ra

bb

its b

y Eu

rop

ea

ns

incre

ase

d th

e c

om

pe

tition

for fo

od

an

d b

an

dic

oo

t nu

mb

ers

ha

ve

de

clin

ed

ove

r the

yea

rs. F

oxe

s,

fera

l ca

ts a

nd

bird

s o

f pre

y als

o

acco

un

t for m

an

y de

ath

s.

Du

ring th

e d

ry

se

aso

n th

ey s

tick

to th

ick

ve

ge

tatio

n

of s

ma

ll, de

nse

tree

s a

nd

sh

rub

s

an

d ta

ll gra

sse

s.

Wh

en

the

we

t

se

aso

n c

om

es a

nd

the

re is

mo

re fo

od

ava

ilab

le, th

e

ba

nd

ico

ots

mo

ve

ou

t into

op

en

gra

ssla

nd

s.

Co

mm

on

no

rth o

f

the

Ha

wk

esb

ury

Riv

er, in

co

asta

l

are

as a

nd

on

the

ea

ste

rn s

lop

es o

f

the

Gre

at

Div

idin

g R

an

ge

.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

49

Oliv

e

Wh

istle

r

Pa

ch

yce

ph

al

a o

livace

a

Fe

ed

s o

n in

ve

rteb

rate

s,

so

me

se

ed

an

d le

ave

s. It

fora

ge

s fro

m th

e tre

es d

ow

n

to th

e g

rou

nd

, usu

ally in

de

nse

ve

ge

tatio

n. T

he

Oliv

e

Wh

istle

r bu

ilds a

cu

p-s

ha

pe

d

ne

st o

f twig

s, le

ave

s a

nd

ba

rk p

lace

d 1

-3m

off th

e

gro

un

d in

sh

rub

s, tre

es o

r

de

nse

gra

ss. T

he

eggs a

re

incu

ba

ted

by b

oth

pa

ren

ts.

Th

e n

orth

ern

po

pu

latio

n o

f Oliv

e

Wh

istle

rs is

fou

nd

in

mo

un

tain

rain

fore

sts

ab

ove

50

0 m

to

15

00

m, e

sp

ecia

lly

An

tarc

tic B

ee

ch

fore

sts

.

En

de

mic

to s

ou

th-

ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia. It

occu

rs fro

m th

e

co

ast to

the

Gre

at

Div

idin

g R

an

ge

,

ran

gin

g fro

m

Ta

sm

an

ia a

nd

so

uth

-

ea

st S

ou

th A

ustra

lia,

thro

ugh

Ne

w S

ou

th

Wa

les to

the

McP

he

rso

n R

an

ge

in

so

uth

-ea

st

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

.

Pa

rma

Wa

llab

y

Ma

cro

pu

s

pa

rma

He

rbiv

ore

s a

nd

fee

d o

n

gra

sse

s a

nd

he

rbs. U

su

ally

activ

e a

t nig

ht, s

lee

pin

g

du

ring th

e d

ay a

mo

ngst

de

nse

ve

ge

tatio

n. T

he

y trave

l

alo

ng w

ell w

orn

run

wa

ys to

gra

ze in

the

ir favo

urite

gra

ssy

are

as.

Pa

rma

wa

llab

ies

occu

py ra

info

rests

an

d s

cle

rop

hyll

fore

sts

with

a d

en

se

un

de

rsto

rey a

nd

gra

ssy a

rea

s.

It is fo

un

d o

nly in

are

as o

f the

Gre

at

Div

idin

g R

an

ge

in

Ne

w S

ou

th W

ale

s,

from

the

Wa

taga

n

Mo

un

tain

s in

the

so

uth

to th

e G

ibra

ltar

Ra

nge

in th

e n

orth

.

Pie

d

Cu

rraw

on

g

Stre

pe

ra

gra

cu

lina

Fe

ed

on

a v

arie

ty of fo

od

s

inclu

din

g s

ma

ll lizard

s,

inse

cts

, ca

terp

illars

an

d

be

rries. L

arg

er p

rey, u

p to

the

size

of a

you

ng p

ossu

m, is

als

o ta

ke

n, a

nd

bird

s w

ill

occa

sio

na

lly hu

nt a

s a

gro

up

.

Th

e P

ied

Cu

rraw

on

g

pre

fers

fore

sts

an

d

wo

od

lan

ds, a

nd

ha

s

be

co

me

we

ll ad

ap

ted

to s

ub

urb

an

are

as.

Th

rou

gh

ou

t its ra

nge

it is c

om

mo

n a

nd

fam

iliar.

Fo

un

d th

rou

gh

ou

t

ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia,

from

no

rthe

rn

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

to

Vic

toria

, bu

t is a

bse

nt

from

Ta

sm

an

ia

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

50

Pla

typu

s

Orn

itho

rhyn

c

hu

s a

na

tinu

s

Th

ey a

re a

ctiv

e m

ain

ly at n

igh

t

time

ho

urs

, an

d u

se

the

ir we

bb

ed

fee

t for s

wim

min

g. W

he

n

sw

imm

ing th

e p

latyp

us h

as its

eye

s s

hu

t. Th

ey s

wim

un

de

rwa

ter

for 2

min

ute

s, b

efo

re re

turn

ing to

the

su

rface

for o

xyge

n. T

he

y ca

n

ho

we

ve

r sta

y un

de

rwa

ter fo

r up

to 1

0 m

inu

tes.

Th

ey liv

e a

sid

e fre

sh

wa

ter

rive

rs o

r lak

es, a

nd

cre

ate

bu

rrow

s fo

r sh

elte

r an

d

pro

tectio

n

Th

e p

latyp

us is

fou

nd

in e

aste

rn

Au

stra

lia.

Po

we

rful O

wl

Nin

ox

stre

nu

a

Ca

rniv

oro

us, e

atin

g m

ain

ly

me

diu

m to

larg

e tre

e-d

we

lling

ma

mm

als

, pa

rticu

larly th

e

Co

mm

on

Rin

gta

il Po

ssu

m, a

nd

the

Gre

at G

lide

r. It will a

lso

tak

e

roo

stin

g b

irds a

nd

so

me

time

s

sm

all g

rou

nd

-dw

ellin

g m

am

ma

ls

su

ch

as ra

bb

its o

r sm

all

ma

rsu

pia

ls. It fo

rage

s m

ain

ly in

tree

s, s

wo

op

ing d

ow

n o

n p

rey

an

d ta

kin

g p

rey w

ith its

fee

t.

Fo

un

d in

op

en

fore

sts

an

d

wo

od

lan

ds, a

s w

ell a

s a

lon

g

sh

elte

red

gu

llies in

we

t

fore

sts

with

de

nse

un

de

rsto

reys

, esp

ecia

lly

alo

ng w

ate

rco

urs

es. W

ill

so

me

time

s b

e fo

un

d in

op

en

are

as n

ea

r fore

sts

su

ch

as fa

rmla

nd

. Ne

ed

s

old

gro

wth

tree

s to

ne

st.

En

de

mic

to

ea

ste

rn a

nd

so

uth

-

ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia,

ma

inly o

n th

e

ea

ste

rn s

ide

of th

e

Gre

at D

ivid

ing

Ra

nge

, from

so

uth

-ea

ste

rn

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

to

Vic

toria

.

Re

d-le

gge

d

Pa

de

me

lon

Th

yloga

le

stig

ma

tica

Th

is h

erb

ivo

re fo

rage

s fo

r

na

tive

gra

sse

s a

nd

he

rbs o

n

the

ed

ge

of th

e ra

info

rest. It

als

o e

ats

fruits

, fun

gi, le

ave

s

an

d s

tem

s. S

hy m

ars

up

ials

tha

t usu

ally liv

e a

lon

e. T

he

y

co

me

ou

t in d

ay a

nd

nig

ht b

ut

will o

nly v

en

ture

into

exp

ose

d

are

as to

fee

d a

fter d

ark

.

Th

e d

en

se

un

de

rsto

ry of

co

asta

l rain

fore

st.

In p

atc

he

s fro

m

no

rthe

rn

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

to th

e

mid

-co

ast o

f Ne

w

So

uth

Wa

les.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

51

Re

d-n

eck

ed

Pa

de

me

lon

Th

yloga

le

the

tis

Th

ese

sh

y cre

atu

res a

re o

ften

so

litary b

ut a

rou

nd

du

sk m

ay

co

ngre

ga

te in

a fe

ed

ing a

rea

.

Du

ring th

e d

ay th

ey fo

rage

in th

e

fore

st, o

ften

mo

vin

g s

low

ly on

all

fou

rs. T

he

rare

ly ven

ture

mo

re

tha

n 1

00

me

tres fro

m th

e fo

rest

ed

ge

, an

d s

lee

p in

de

nse

ve

ge

tatio

n s

urro

un

de

d b

y lea

f

litter.

Fa

vo

urs

clo

se

d

fore

sts

an

d

rain

fore

sts

, bu

t

will o

ften

gra

ze

on

the

ed

ge

of

the

se

are

as.

Fo

un

d o

n th

e e

ast c

oa

st

of A

ustra

lia fro

m

so

uth

ern

NS

W to

so

uth

ern

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

Re

d-n

eck

ed

Wa

llab

ies

Ma

cro

pu

s

rufo

gris

eu

s

No

ctu

rna

l. Usu

ally th

is w

alla

by

is a

so

litary a

nim

al, b

ut m

ay b

e

se

en

gra

zing fro

m la

te

afte

rno

on

to d

aw

n in

gra

ssy

are

as in

gro

up

s. T

he

Re

d-

ne

ck

ed

Wa

llab

y ea

ts m

ain

ly

gra

sse

s a

nd

he

rbs, a

nd

like

s

are

as th

at a

re p

artia

lly cle

are

d

with

su

rrou

nd

ing p

atc

he

s o

f

sh

elte

red

fore

st.

Fo

un

d in

su

btro

pic

al, c

oo

l

tem

pe

rate

, we

t

an

d d

ry

scle

rop

hyll

fore

sts

, an

d

wo

od

lan

d w

ith

ad

jace

nt g

rassy

are

as.

Th

e R

ed

-ne

ck

ed

Wa

llab

y

ran

ge

s th

rou

gh

ou

t the

ea

ste

rn p

arts

of A

ustra

lia

from

the

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

-

Ne

w S

ou

th W

ale

s b

ord

er

are

a, rig

ht th

rou

gh

to

So

uth

Au

stra

lia. It is

als

o

fou

nd

in T

asm

an

ia.

Rin

gta

il

Po

ssu

m

Pe

reg

rinu

s

pse

ud

och

eir

us

Du

ring th

e d

ay, th

e C

om

mo

n

Rin

gta

il Po

ssu

m s

lee

ps in

its

sp

he

rica

l ne

st o

r 'dra

y' ma

de

from

gra

ss a

nd

sh

red

de

d b

ark

.

It bu

ilds th

e d

ray in

a tre

e h

ole

,

tree

fork

or d

en

se

ve

ge

tatio

n,

an

d s

eve

ral in

div

idu

als

ma

y

sh

are

the

on

e n

est.

Liv

es in

fore

sts

,

wo

od

lan

ds,

rain

fore

sts

,

de

nse

scru

b a

nd

su

bu

rba

n

ga

rde

ns.

Th

e C

om

mo

n R

ingta

il

Po

ssu

m is

fou

nd

in

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

, Ne

w S

ou

th

Wa

les, V

icto

ria a

nd

So

uth

Au

stra

lia.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

52

Ru

fou

s

Be

tton

g

Ae

pyp

rymn

u

s ru

fesce

ns

Th

e R

ufo

us B

etto

ng, lik

e a

ll

rat-k

an

ga

roo

sp

ecie

s is

a

ve

ry sp

ecia

lise

d p

lan

t-ea

ter.

Th

e ra

t-ka

nga

roo

s d

ig u

p a

nd

ea

t un

de

rgro

un

d s

tora

ge

-

org

an

s o

f pla

nts

: tub

ers

,

bu

lbs, c

orm

s, a

nd

sw

olle

n

roo

ts, a

nd

esp

ecia

lly truffle

s,

wh

ich

are

the

sp

ore

-be

arin

g

bo

die

s o

f un

de

rgro

un

d fu

ngi.

Liv

es in

op

en

fore

st w

ith d

en

se

gra

ssy c

ove

r. It

bu

ilds a

ne

st o

f

gra

ss u

nd

er th

ick

tusso

ck

.

Ea

ste

rn A

ustra

lia

from

trop

ica

l

Qu

ee

nsla

nd

do

wn

to c

en

tral N

ew

So

uth

Wa

les.

Ru

fou

s

Fa

nta

il

Rh

ipid

ura

rufifro

ns

Fe

ed

s o

n in

se

cts

, wh

ich

it

gle

an

s fro

m th

e m

idd

le a

nd

low

er le

ve

ls o

f the

ca

no

py. It

is a

ve

ry activ

e fe

ed

er a

nd

co

nsta

ntly fa

ns ta

il an

d flic

ks

win

gs a

nd

bo

dy w

hile

fora

gin

g.

Fo

un

d in

rain

fore

st, d

en

se

we

t fore

sts

,

sw

am

p

wo

od

lan

ds a

nd

ma

ngro

ve

s,

pre

ferrin

g d

ee

p

sh

ad

e, a

nd

is

ofte

n s

ee

n c

lose

to th

e g

rou

nd

.

Fo

un

d in

no

rthe

rn

an

d e

aste

rn c

oa

sta

l

Au

stra

lia, b

ein

g

mo

re c

om

mo

n in

the

no

rth. It is

als

o

fou

nd

in N

ew

Gu

ine

a, th

e

So

lom

on

Isla

nd

s,

Su

law

esi a

nd

Gu

am

.

Ru

fou

s

Scru

b B

ird

Atric

ho

rnis

rufe

sce

ns

ferrie

ri

EN

DA

GE

RE

D

It is o

ne

of A

ustra

lia’s

prim

itive

an

d re

lict s

pe

cie

s,

wh

ich

are

sim

ilar to

fossils

from

Go

nd

wa

na

, an

d it is

on

e

of th

e tru

e s

on

gb

irds th

at

evo

lve

d 9

7 to

65

millio

n

yea

rs a

go

.

Th

ick

un

de

rgro

wth

in

the

fore

sts

Ce

ntre

d o

n

Ba

rringto

n

To

ps, H

astin

gs R

a.

an

d D

orrig

o/E

bo

r,

mo

stly a

bo

ve

60

0 m

in a

ltitud

e.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

53

Ru

fou

s

Wh

istle

r

Pa

ch

yce

ph

al

a ru

fiven

tris

Ma

inly e

ats

inse

cts

, an

d

so

me

time

s s

ee

ds, fru

it or

lea

ve

s. It u

su

ally fo

rage

s a

t

hig

he

r leve

ls th

an

oth

er

wh

istle

rs, a

nd

rare

ly is s

ee

n o

n

the

gro

un

d.

Th

e R

ufo

us W

his

tler is

fou

nd

in fo

rests

,

wo

od

lan

ds a

nd

sh

rub

lan

ds, w

ith a

sh

rub

by

un

de

rsto

rey. Is

als

o fo

un

d

in g

ard

en

s a

nd

farm

lan

d

with

so

me

tree

s, a

nd

in

rem

na

nt b

ush

lan

d

pa

tch

es.

Fo

un

d

thro

ugh

ou

t

ma

inla

nd

Au

stra

lia, th

e

Ru

fou

s W

his

tler

is a

lso

fou

nd

in

Ne

w C

ale

do

nia

.

So

oty O

wl

Tyto

ten

eb

rico

sa

Die

t: Ma

mm

als

ran

gin

g fro

m

larg

e a

rbo

rea

l ma

rsu

pia

ls s

uch

as th

e G

rea

ter G

lide

r, thro

ugh

Rin

gta

il Po

ssu

ms a

nd

Su

ga

r

Glid

ers

to b

an

dic

oo

ts, ro

de

nts

an

d a

nte

ch

inu

s c

om

pris

e th

e

mo

st c

om

mo

n ite

ms in

the

So

oty

Ow

l die

t. Th

ey a

lso

occa

sio

na

lly

tak

e b

irds, b

ats

an

d in

se

cts

.

So

oty O

wls

are

no

ctu

rna

l an

d

roo

st in

larg

e tre

e h

ollo

ws, c

ave

s

an

d in

de

nse

folia

ge

du

ring

da

yligh

t ho

urs

.

Ra

rely s

ee

n o

r he

ard

the

y

ca

n b

e fo

un

d in

are

as w

ith

de

ep

gu

llies in

mo

ist

fore

sts

, wh

ere

sm

oo

th-

ba

rke

d g

um

tree

s, tre

e

fern

s a

nd

we

t fore

st

un

de

r-sto

rey a

re p

rese

nt.

Th

ey m

ay h

un

t in d

rier

are

as b

ut u

su

ally ro

ost

an

d b

ree

d in

the

mo

iste

r

are

as.

So

uth

-ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia,

Mo

nta

ne

rain

fore

sts

of

Ne

w G

uin

ea

an

d

ha

ve

be

en

se

en

on

Flin

de

rs

Isla

nd

in th

e

Ba

ss S

trait.

So

uth

ern

Bro

wn

Ba

nd

ico

ot

Iso

od

on

ob

esu

lus

Ne

sts

are

ma

de

into

dis

tinct

mo

un

ds fro

m th

e s

urro

un

din

g

lea

f litter a

nd

so

il. So

me

ne

sts

ha

ve

be

en

loca

ted

in ra

bb

it

wa

rren

s. T

he

ba

nd

ico

ot is

an

om

nivo

re - s

ee

ds, b

errie

s,

gra

sse

s, c

love

r roo

ts, m

osse

s,

fun

gi, s

pid

ers

, flies, c

en

tipe

de

s,

millip

ed

es, w

orm

s, b

ee

tles E

TC

.

De

nse

gro

un

d a

nd

sh

rub

en

viro

nm

en

t inclu

din

g th

e

un

de

r-sto

ry in fo

rests

,

wo

od

lan

ds, s

cru

b a

nd

he

ath

lan

ds a

nd

gra

ssla

nd

s.

Ve

ge

tatio

n c

ove

r pro

vid

es

the

ba

nd

ico

ot w

ith p

rote

ctio

n

from

pre

da

tors

an

d id

ea

l

ne

stin

g s

ites.

Pa

tch

ily

dis

tribu

ted

, from

the

Ha

wk

esb

ury

Riv

er to

the

Vic

toria

n b

ord

er

an

d e

ast o

f the

Gre

at D

ivid

ing

Ra

nge

.

Fa

un

a N

am

e

Be

ha

vio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

54

So

uth

ern

Fo

rest

Dra

go

n

Hyp

silu

rus

sp

inip

es

Alth

ou

gh

ap

pe

arin

g s

low

an

d

slu

ggis

h, fo

rest d

rago

ns c

an

mo

ve

with

sp

ee

d a

nd

agility

wh

en

pu

rsu

ing p

ote

ntia

l pre

y

item

s s

uch

as b

ee

tles,

co

ck

roa

ch

es a

nd

sp

ide

rs.

Ra

info

rests

an

d w

et

scle

rop

hyll

eu

ca

lyptu

s fo

rests

,

thic

k v

ege

tatio

n w

ith

ple

nty o

f vin

es a

nd

sa

plin

gs a

re

pre

ferre

d.

Co

asta

l

ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia

be

twe

en

Bris

ba

ne

an

d

the

Ne

w S

ou

th

Wa

les c

en

tral

co

ast.

Sp

ha

gn

um

Fro

g

Ph

iloria

sp

ha

gn

ico

la

A lo

w g

row

l, "gu

r-r-r-r-r-r".

Ma

les c

all fro

m b

urro

ws w

hic

h

ca

n b

e u

nd

er ro

ck

s a

nd

logs,

in s

ph

agn

um

mo

ss o

r un

de

r

tree

s. T

he

y ca

ll du

ring s

prin

g

an

d s

um

me

r an

d b

ree

din

g

occu

rs in

No

ve

mb

er a

nd

De

ce

mb

er.

Th

is fro

g is

fou

nd

in

An

tarc

tic B

ee

ch

fore

sts

, we

t scle

rop

hyll

fore

sts

an

d s

ph

agn

um

mo

ss b

ed

s. It is

fou

nd

in m

ois

t so

il or m

oss

bu

rrow

s a

nd

un

de

r

rock

s a

nd

logs b

esid

e

stre

am

s.

Ea

st c

oa

st o

f

Au

stra

lia.

Sp

otte

d-

taile

d Q

uo

ll

Da

syu

rus

ma

cu

late

s

La

rge

ly so

litary a

nd

no

ctu

rna

l,

alth

ou

gh

the

sp

ecie

s d

oe

s

so

me

time

s fo

rage

an

d b

ask

du

ring d

aylig

ht h

ou

rs. K

ills its

pre

y by b

iting o

n o

r be

hin

d th

e

he

ad

. Pre

y inclu

de

s ra

ts, g

lidin

g

po

ssu

ms, s

ma

ll or in

jure

d

wa

llab

ies, re

ptile

s, in

se

cts

, bird

s

an

d e

ggs.

Co

mm

on

in c

oo

l

tem

pe

rate

rain

fore

st,

we

t scle

rop

hyll fo

rest

an

d c

oa

sta

l scru

b

alo

ng th

e n

orth

an

d

we

st c

oa

sts

of th

e

sta

te

Ea

st c

oa

st o

f

ma

inla

nd

Au

stra

lia

Fa

un

a

Na

me

B

eh

avio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

55

Sq

uirre

l

Glid

er

Pe

tau

rus

no

rfolc

en

si

s

Sq

uirre

l Glid

ers

ha

ve

an

are

a o

f

loo

se

sk

in c

on

ne

cte

d fro

m w

rist

to a

nkle

. Wh

en

the

y jum

p

be

twe

en

tree

s, th

ey e

xten

d th

is

sk

in w

hic

h a

llow

s th

em

to g

lide

.

Th

ey a

re o

mn

ivo

res a

nd

ea

t

inse

cts

, gu

m fro

m a

ca

cia

s, s

ap

from

eu

ca

lypts

, ne

cta

r, po

llen

an

d g

ree

n s

ee

ds o

f the

go

lde

n

wa

ttle.

Dry s

ch

lero

ph

yll

fore

sts

an

d

wo

od

lan

ds

Ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lia

Stu

tterin

g

Fro

g

Mixo

ph

yes

ba

lbu

s

A s

ho

rt gra

ting trill "k

oo

k k

oo

k

ko

ok

kra

-a-a

k…

kru

k…

kru

k" M

ale

s

ca

ll from

be

sid

e s

trea

ms d

urin

g

sp

ring a

nd

su

mm

er. T

he

fem

ale

cre

ate

s a

sm

all h

ollo

we

d-o

ut n

est

in s

ha

llow

flow

ing w

ate

r (in th

e

gra

ve

l or le

af-litte

r) an

d la

ys th

e

eggs in

to it.

Th

is fro

g live

s in

fore

sts

su

ch

as

An

tarc

tic B

ee

ch

, we

t

scle

rop

hyll a

nd

rain

fore

sts

. It ofte

n

hid

es in

lea

f litter

ne

ar p

erm

an

en

t fast-

flow

ing s

trea

ms.

Ea

st C

oa

st N

SW

an

d U

pp

er E

ast

Co

ast V

IC

Su

pe

rb

Lyre

bird

Me

nu

ra

no

vae

ho

lla

nd

iae

Fe

ed

s o

n in

se

cts

, sp

ide

rs, w

orm

s

an

d, o

cca

sio

na

lly, se

ed

s. It fin

ds

foo

d b

y scra

tch

ing w

ith its

fee

t

thro

ugh

the

lea

f-litter. T

he

ma

le

se

cu

res a

territo

ry, attra

ctin

g

po

ten

tial m

ate

s b

y sin

gin

g a

nd

da

ncin

g o

n o

ne

of s

eve

ral m

ou

nd

s

with

in it, w

hile

thro

win

g th

e ta

il

forw

ard

ove

r the

bo

dy a

nd

sh

ak

ing

it in d

isp

lay.

It is a

gro

un

d-d

we

lling

sp

ecie

s in

mo

ist

fore

sts

, bu

t roo

sts

in

tree

s a

t nig

ht. B

irds

are

se

de

nta

ry, rare

ly

mo

vin

g la

rge

dis

tan

ce

s a

nd

ge

ne

rally s

tayin

g in

a

ho

me

-ran

ge

ab

ou

t 10

km

in d

iam

ete

r.

Occu

rs in

the

so

uth

-ea

ste

rn

Au

stra

lian

ma

inla

nd

an

d

so

uth

ern

Ta

sm

an

ia.

Fa

un

a

Na

me

B

eh

avio

ur

Ha

bita

t D

istrib

utio

n

Pic

ture

Inte

rpre

tatio

n B

oo

kle

t

OP

S-G

EN

-MA

N-0

01

56

Sw

am

p

Wa

llab

y

Wa

llab

ia

bic

olo

r

At d

usk

the

y bro

wse

for fo

od

:

a v

arie

ty of g

rasse

s, s

hru

bs

an

d fe

rns. T

he

sw

am

p

wa

llab

y ha

s a

bro

ad

fou

rth

pre

mo

lar to

oth

, wh

ich

is

ne

ve

r sh

ed

, an

d is

use

d fo

r

ea

ting c

ou

rse

pla

nt m

ate

rial.

Th

ick

un

de

rgro

wth

in th

e fo

rest w

he

re

the

y hid

e in

thic

k

gra

ss a

nd

de

nse

bu

sh

.

Ea

ste

rn a

nd

so

uth

ern

Au

stra

lia

from

Ca

pe

Yo

rk to

So

uth

we

ste

rn

Vic

toria

.

We

dge

-

taile

d E

agle

Aq

uila

au

da

x

Ha

ve

lon

g w

ings (w

ingsp

an

2.3

m). W

ed

ge

-taile

d E

agle

s

ea

t bo

th live

pre

y an

d

ca

rrion

. We

dge

-taile

d E

agle

s

ma

y hu

nt s

ingly, in

pa

irs o

r in

larg

er g

rou

ps. W

ork

ing

toge

the

r, a g

rou

p o

f ea

gle

s

ca

n a

ttack

an

d k

ill an

ima

ls

as la

rge

as a

du

lt ka

nga

roo

s.

Th

e W

ed

ge

-taile

d

Ea

gle

is fo

un

d fro

m

se

a le

ve

l to a

lpin

e

regio

ns in

the

mo

un

tain

s, b

ut

pre

fers

wo

od

ed

an

d

fore

ste

d la

nd

an

d

op

en

co

un

try,

ge

ne

rally a

vo

idin

g

rain

fore

st a

nd

co

asta

l he

ath

s.

Th

e W

ed

ge

-taile

d

Ea

gle

is fo

un

d

thro

ugh

ou

t

ma

inla

nd

Au

stra

lia,

Ta

sm

an

ia a

nd

so

uth

ern

Ne

w

Gu

ine

a.

Wo

mb

at

Vo

mb

atu

s

urs

inu

s

Co

mm

on

wo

mb

ats

are

a

so

litary, te

rritoria

l sp

ecie

s,

with

ea

ch

wo

mb

at h

avin

g a

n

esta

blis

he

d ra

nge

in w

hic

h it

lives a

nd

fee

ds. C

om

mo

n

wo

mb

ats

are

he

rbiv

oro

us,

su

bsis

ting o

ff gra

ss a

nd

oth

er

pla

nt m

ate

rials

. Fo

ragin

g is

usu

ally d

on

e d

urin

g th

e n

igh

t

Th

ey d

ig a

tun

ne

l

sys

tem

, with

tun

ne

ls

ran

gin

g a

nyw

he

re

from

2 to

20

me

tres

in le

ngth

, alo

ng w

ith

ma

ny s

ide

tun

ne

ls.

Th

ere

is u

su

ally o

nly

on

e e

ntra

nce

to th

e

bu

rrow

, the

y cre

ate

a

sm

alle

r on

e to

esca

pe

with

.

It is w

ide

sp

rea

d in

the

co

ole

r an

d b

ette

r

wa

tere

d p

arts

of

SE

Au

s,

inclu

din

g T

AS

, an

d in

mo

un

tain

dis

tricts

as fa

r no

rth a

s th

e

so

uth

of Q

LD

, bu

t is

de

clin

ing in

W

VIC

&S

AU

S.

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Accipitriformes/Accipitridae/Aquila/Aquila-audax

http://www.birdsinbackyards.net/Accipitriformes/Accipitridae/Aquila/Aquila-audax

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbivores


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasmania

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Australia

interpretation booklet of the barrington tops region · in the great lakes district there were two...

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