Integrated English -3

Unit Eleven

The Real Truth about Lies

Suggested topics for speech

Truth and Lies/ Honesty and LiesWhite LiesIt is (not) always essential to tell the truth.Should doctors always tell the truth?

Questions for general understanding

Pre-reading question: If somebody lied to you for your own good, how would you feel?What’s this text about? What type of writing is the text?What paragraphs constitute Introduction? Body? Conclusion?

What type of writing is this text?

ArgumentationIn a journalistic style (p. 162)

Text structure3 partsPart I (Para. 1-6) The writer introduces the topic by reporting

two survey results.

Part II (Para. 7-15) (7-11) By citing an example, the writer goes

on to explain that telling little white lies is a common practice and the reasons for telling such lies are familiar – we do not want to hurt others.

(12-15) the consequences of telling lies

Part IV (Para. 16-18) whether lies should be avoided at all costs.

Questions to be addressed

1. Do people tell lies?2. Why do they tell lies?3. What consequences /harms do lies

have?4. Are all white lies to be avoided at all

costs?

Part I –Introduction

Do people tell lies?1. What is the purpose and result of Profe

ssor Bella DePaulo’s survey? What conclusion can we draw from the result?

2. What is the result of the survey conducted by Josephson Institute of Ethics? What can we learn from it?

1. What is the purpose and results of Professor Bella DePaulo’s survey? What conclusion can we draw from the result?Purpose: to survey the numbers and details of the lies 147 subjects told in a weekResults:

1)140 out of 147 people (95.20%) admitted having told lies. 2) Men and women told lies for different reasons.3) As some of the lies are well-intentioned, people may not regard them as lies (causing “little preoccupation or regret”).

Conclusion: This result shows that telling lies is common.

Language work

1. profess: -- to make a claim (of / about) James professed to know everything

about sculpture. He professed the greatest respect for

the law.

2. earth-shattering: 惊天动地的 -- of the greatest importance to the whole world After years of hard work, they finally made

an earth-shattering discovery. The new invention is of earth-shattering im

portance.

3. feign: -to pretend to have or be; to put on a false air of She feigned to be ill in order not to do

the exercises. He feigned surprise and they all

believed him.

4. spare one’s feelings: -- to avoid doing something that would upset somebody 避免伤害某人的感情 ; 不使某人难堪 He simply wished to minimize the fuss and t

o spare her feelings. We carefully avoided mentioning the news t

o spare his feelings.

5. preoccupation: -- the state of constantly thinking or worrying about something 全神贯注 , 入神 Because of his preoccupation with his book

s, he didn’t realize we were already back. Such preoccupation with your work isn’t h

ealthy.

6. Might that, too, be a lie?: -- Is it possible to consider that a lie?“Might” here means “possibility.” Note that “may,” when used to mean “possibility,” is normally not used in a question.

7. prevarication: -- the state of avoiding giving a direct answer or making a firm decision 支吾，搪塞 After months of prevarication, a decision was

finally made. The report was full of lies and prevarications. 这篇报道不是颠倒黑白就是含糊其辞 .

2. What is the result of the survey conducted by Josephson Institute of Ethics? What can we learn from it?Participants: 20,000 students Results:

1) 92% professed to have told lies; 73% characterized themselves as “serial liars” 2) 91% never doubted about their own ethics or character

Conclusion: Telling lies is common and people seldom relate telling lies to morality.

8. devote ... to: -- to give all or a large part of one’s time or resources to (a person, activity, or cause) 投入于，献身 I want to devote more time to my family. He devotes himself to philanthropy.

step out 暂时外出 He’s not in the office. He’s just stepped o

ut for a smoke. They stepped out of the sun into the coolne

ss. 他们到阴凉处躲避烈日。

9. profession: -- a form of employment, especially one that is possible only for an educated person and that is respected in society as honorable 职业（尤指须受高深教育及专业训练者 , 如建筑师﹑ 律师或医师之职业） She intends to make teacher her profession. According to the report, forty percent of the

lawyers entering the profession are women.

10. pundit: -- a person who is an authority on a particular subject; an expert某一学科的权威 ; 专家 Mr. Johnson is a well-known political pundi

t. We’ve invited a foreign-policy pundit to gi

ve us a lecture.

11. shape or spin the truth: -- to modify the truth

12. client: -- somebody who pays for services or advice from a person or organization委托人 , 当事人，客户 a solicitor and his client cf. a shopkeeper and his customer

Part II -example

Why do people tell lies (or fibs, little white lies…)?

1. What are little white lies?2. According to the writer, what could

be considered “nice lies”? 3. What does this sentence mean:

“What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive”?

1. What are little white lies? (Para.7)

Little white lies are those harmless lies that are told so as not to hurt someone else.

13. ubiquitous: -- seeming to be everywhere 普遍存在的 , 无处不有的 By the end of last century, the computer ha

d become ubiquitous. We are now confronted with the ubiquitous

spread of English.

14. fib: -- a small unimportant lie 小谎 Have you ever told fibs? She told innocent fibs like anyone else.

15. invariably: always It’s invariably wet when I take my

holidays. She invariably forgets to take her keys.

16. blurt out: -- to say something suddenly and without thinking, usually because one is nervous or excited 冲口说出 ; 不经意说出 To our surprise, he blurted his secret out at

table. John blurted out that he dreamed of beco

ming a computer programmer.

17. lubricant: -- a substance such as oil which causes a machine to operate more easily 润滑油 , 润滑剂 The sort of lubricant which we use depends

largely on the running speed of the bearing. 我们使用哪种润滑剂，主要取决于轴承的转速

如何。 I think humor is a great lubricant for life.

18. tangled: -- complicated or made up of many confusing parts 纠缠的；紊乱的，混乱的 She twisted up her tangled hair. 她把散乱的头发卷起来。 Do you know how he got tangled in the qua

rrel? 你知道他是怎么卷入争吵的吗 ?

2. According to the writer, what could be considered “nice lies”? (Para.11)

complimenting people on their appearance

expressing appreciation for gifts or food.

3. What does this sentence mean: “What a tangled web we weave, when first we practice to deceive”? (Para. 11) When we tell a fib, very likely we will have to tell more lies to cover up （掩盖，包住） the lie we have told. One lie will lead to more lies. Then we will get ourselves entangled with the web we weave.

E.g. No amount of lies can cover up reality.

Translate the sentence.

Part II –consequences

What are the grave or unforeseen consequences of telling lies?

(idm 习语 ) the slippery slope (infml 口 ) course of action that can easily lead to disaster, failure, etc 易导致失败﹑ 灾难等的情况A one-party state can be the start of the slippery slope towards fascism. 一党专政有可能是滑向法西斯主义的起点 .

19. wear down: -- to reduce or become weaker until useless 磨损 , 损耗 , 使疲劳 , 削弱 The strategy was designed to wear down th

e enemy's resistance. 这一策略旨在逐步削弱敌人的抵抗力 . The tread ( 胎面 ) on the tyres has (been) wo

rn down to a dangerous level. 轮胎胎面花纹已经磨损得到了能发生危险的地

步了 .

20. warp: -- to (cause to) turn or twist out of shape弄歪 , 使不正常 , 使翘曲 ; 变弯 Left in the garage where it was damp, the w

ooden frame had warped. The hot sun had warped the cover of the bo

ok. 太阳把这本书的书皮晒弯了 . His judgment was warped by self-interest. 他受私心影响判断不确 .

21. think highly of : -- to have a good opinion of认为 ...很了不起 ; 重视 We think highly of your proposals. I can assure you that the management (管理部门，资方 ) thinks very highly of you.

22. proliferation: -- a rapid increase in the amount or number of something 增殖 ; 扩散 ; 激增 Smoking triggers off cell proliferation. Over the past two years, we have witnessed t

he proliferation of TV channels. Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) 防止核扩散条约

23. cynicism: -- the belief that people always act selfishly 愤世嫉俗

What are the grave or unforeseen consequences of telling lies?

The ubiquity of lies may cause people to be distrustful of each other, thus leading to the collapse of the whole society.

After the initial deceit one needs to tell more lies to cover up the first one.

“Psychological barriers wear down; the ability to make more distinctions can coarsen; the liar’s perception of his chances of being caught may warp.”

“When [trust] is damaged, the community as a whole suffers; and when it is destroyed, societies falter and collapse.”

Part III –avoid all white lies?

Are all white lies to be avoided at all costs? A: Not necessarily.

at all costs-- 不惜任何代价 ; 无论如何

The bridge must be repaired within three days at all costs. 要不惜一切代价在三天内把桥修好。

The stamp collector decided to get that rare stamp at all costs.

这个集邮迷决心无论代价如何都要搞到那枚稀有的邮票。

… be avoided at all costs: -- must not be allowed to happen under any circumstances

What does “an exchange of ... the principle of trust for the principle of caring” mean? (Para. 16)

The rule of honesty is violated so as to establish the principle of showing love and care.

exchange

~ A for B; ~ sth (with sb) give or receive sth/sb (of the same kind or value) in place of another 交换 ; 互换 ; 调换 ; 更换 He exchanged the blue sweater for a red on

e. 他把蓝毛衣换成了红的 . Ali exchanged seats with Ben. 阿里与本调换了座位 .

They exchanged hostages with each other. 他们相互交换了人质 .

set sb upset sb up informal1) provide sb with the money to start a business, buy a house, etc 使某人有钱创业﹑ 买房子等 Her father set her up in business. 她父亲出钱帮她创

业 . 2) to trick someone in order to achieve what you want, especially to make it appear that they have done something wrong or illegal Cox claimed that the police had tried to set him up.

25. associate: --somebody whom you work or do business with合伙人 ; 同事 ; 伙伴 He is not a friend, but a business associate.

业务合伙人 They are associates in crime. 他们是共犯 .

26. undermine: -- to gradually make somebody or something less strong or effective逐渐削弱或暗中破坏 undermine sb's position, reputation, authorit

y, etc, eg by spreading scandalous rumors暗中损害某人的地位﹑ 声誉﹑ 威信等（如散播诽谤性的谣言）

She jealously tried to undermine our friendship.

Lack of food has undermined his health.

27. rule of thumb: -- a rough method of calculation, based on practical experience 经验法则 (靠经验估计 ) Every student's rule of thumb should be: st

udy hard! 每一个学生的法则应该都是用功读书。 I never weigh anything when I'm cooking-I j

ust do it by rule of thumb. 我烹饪从来不称重量——只是凭经验下料。

28. confound:-- to confuse and surprise people, causing them to be unable to explain or deal with a situation 使困惑，使混乱 Don't confound the means with the ends. 不要把手段和目的混淆起来。 His amazing recovery confounded the medi

cal specialists.

29. astound: -- to make somebody very surprised or shocked 使震惊 ; 使大惊 It astounds me that anyone could ever cons

ider declaring war. The incident astounds both China and forei

gn countries. 这个事件震惊中外。

Text comprehension -III

1. Professor DePaulo's study suggests that lying is a common phenomenon and most of the lies we tell are small, insignificant. She also points out that different sexes lie for different reasons, but nobody that lies suffers from a guilty conscience.

2. According to the passage, the nature of white lies is to seek self-interest: People tell white lies basically for self-promoting purposes. White lies may have different receptions in different cultures. In western cultures as is illustrated by the example, white lies may not be well received as the people value honesty and integrity more than caring and face value; but in the eastern cultures, they may be received as a sign of concern and respect for each other’s face.

3. The consequences of lying fall into three aspects: (1) The deceived may feel cheated and won’t trust the liar any more; (2) the liar will lose trust from the deceived and get entangled in the lies he fabricates; and (3) the society as a whole would falter and collapse as its members do not trust each other any more.

4. Not all while lies are unacceptable. Some falsehoods like setting somebody up for a surprise party or telling children about the tooth fairy can be justified. However, you have to consider the attitude of the deceived towards lying and the consequences, i.e., whether your act will undermine his trust in you.

Text comprehension -IV

1. One is less inhibited from lying; his ability to tell the truth from the falsehood is dulled; he may become less cautious against being caught.

2. When it becomes common enough to tell small lies, even the small unharmful ones will induce doubt and distrust.

3. Those lies that are most understandable and acceptable are based on what moralists call the principle of love and care rather than that of trust.

Vocabulary exercises –I.

1. of the greatest importance to the whole world

2. to avoid hurting the other’s feelings / to avoid doing something that would upset the other person

3. telling the truth with a favourable emphasis or slant / modifying the truth

4. a course of action which can easily lead to something unacceptable, wrong, or disastrous

5. under any circumstances / whatever might happen Some similar expressions: at any cost,

whatever the cost

6. a broadly accurate guide or principle, based on past experience rather than theory / a rough method of assessing or measuring something, based on practical experience

Vocabulary exercises –II.

1. B 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B

pretend ， assume ， affect ， simulate ， feign ， fake ， counterfeitThese verbs all mean to take on a false or misleading appearance. 这些动词都指采用虚伪的或误导的表象。

Pretend often suggests a vain or transparent attempt to fool or deceive: Pretend 经常暗示一种徒劳地或明显地去愚弄或欺骗：“My bedmate pretended to be asleep” (George W. Cable). “ 我的枕边人假装睡着了” （乔治·W·凯布尔）。

Assume may—but does not necessarily—connote dishonesty, insincerity, or trickery: Assume 有可能——但是并不必然地意味着不诚实 /不诚心或欺骗：“Assume a virtue, if you have it not” (Shakespeare). “假如你没有美德的话，那就假装你有美德” （莎士比亚）。I assumed an air of confidence that I was far from feeling. 在我远远感受不到自信时，我显示出一副自信的神气。

Affect suggests an effort to give the appearance of something either out of personal preference or to make an impression: Affect 暗示了一种出于个人喜好或想要留下好印象而有意显示出某种神态的努力：“He affects the disdainful petulance of a rock star” (A. Swan). “ 他假装出摇滚明星般倔傲的任性” （阿那林·斯旺）。

Simulate emphasizes the assumption of an appearance or a form that closely resembles reality: Simulate 强调外表的假装或近似现实的形式：The remaining terms—feign, fake, and counterfeit —all imply at least a measure of deliberate sham. 剩下的几个词如 feign ， fake 和 counterfeit 都暗示有某种程度的虚假。

Feign suggests false representation or fictitious fabrication: Feign 指错误的表现或人为的制造：The child feigned a look of innocence when his mother asked who had eaten the cake. 当他妈妈问谁吃了蛋糕时，那个小孩装出无辜的表情 .

Fake implies fraudulent simulation: Fake 指欺骗性的伪装和冒充：He faked an interest in my work. 他假装对我的工作感兴趣。

Counterfeit denotes a close imitation that can often pass for an original: Counterfeit 暗指几乎可以假乱真的很相近的模仿：“Full well they laughed with counterfeited glee” (Oliver Goldsmith).“ 他们带着伪装得极好的喜悦大笑” （奥利弗·哥尔德史密斯）

Vocabulary exercises –III.

1. cover up 2. blurted out 3. set up4. find out 5. wear/wore down 6. specializes in

Vocabulary exercises –IV.1. A. Admittance/Admission 进入权 B. Admission 入场费 C. admission 承认In the meaning “permission to go in” admittance is more formal than admission, which is the more ordinary word. The entrance price is the admission, not the admittance. Admittance is not used to refer to a statement that something bad, unpleasant, or embarrassing is true.

2. A. institution B. instituteAlthough both of them can be an organization or the buildings that it uses, an institute (会，社，学会，协会 ) exists so that its members are able to do a particular, especially scientific, educational, or social, type of work, whereas an institution (慈善机关 , 社会福利机构（如孤儿院﹑ 养老院 ) provides help, work, medical treatment, or protection to people with special needs, e.g., an orphanage or a home for the elderly.

3. A. consul B. consultant

consultant: a person who gives expert advice in business, law, etc. 顾问consul: an official appointed by a state to live in a foreign city and protect the state’s citizens and interests there 领事

4. A. intensive B. intenseIntense (紧张的，强烈的 ) is used to describe something that is very great or extreme in strength or degree, e.g., intense heat/cold/pain/interest/anger. An intensive (加强的，密集的 ) activity involves the concentration of energy or people on one particular task in order to try to achieve a great deal in a short time. For instance, “intensive farming uses methods that are intended to produce the largest amount of crops or meat possible from a particular area.”ICU (Intensive Care Unit) 加强护理单位 , （医院）重症监护室

5. A. suspected 怀疑某事为真 B. doubted 怀疑某事为假

To suspect something is to think it is quite likely. To doubt something, however, is to question the truth of it, i.e., to consider it unlikely.

6. A. compliments B. complementCompliment and complement (together with related words such as complimentary and complementary) are frequently confused. They are pronounced in the same way but have quite different meanings: As a verb compliment (称赞，恭维 ) means “admire and praise (somebody) for something,” while complement (补足，补语 ) means “add to (something) in a way that enhances or improves.”

Vocabulary exercises –V.

1. cancelled 2. overcome 3. follow4. fell into 5. make it more acceptable 6. feel unhappy about

Grammar exercises –I.

1. probability 2. possibility 3. intention 4. possibility5. necessity 6. possibility 7. obligation 8. probability 

Grammar exercises –II.

1. C 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. B

Grammar exercises –III.1. When in doubt, tell the truth. It will

confound your enemies and astound your friends.2. When heated, metal expands.3. If true, it will cause us a lot of trouble.4. Whenever possible, they should be typed.5. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.6. Send the goods now, if ready.7. If necessary, ring me at home.8. He glanced about as if in search of something.

Grammar exercises –IV.

1. He has been staying for a few weeks at his uncle’s house.2. She prefers my work to my brother’s.3. I don’t know her name, but I can tell you her husband’s.4. I’ve read John’s letter, but where did you put Mary’s?5. The accident was the driver’s own fault and not the cyclist’s.6. Do you know the brain’s weight?

Grammar exercises –V.

1. You’re all put into different groups according to your ability. According to my dictionary, there are several meanings for that word,

2. Whether you tike it or not, it’s going to happen. They will leave whether you agree or not.

Translation exercises –I.

1. Hamlet feigned madness when he was hesitating what to do.2. Prevarication is one of the techniques this businessman likes to employ.3. Sometimes the light of the truth is just too dazzling, so white lies are ubiquitous.4. Many women in America profess that they are unhappy with their status of second-class citizens.

5. On the impulse of the moment, he blurted out the secret.6. You should get rid of any prejudice, resist temptations and let nothing warp your judgment.7. Being over-sensitive and imaginative, he often weaves a tangled web in mind.8. He is very popular among his peers as he always tries to spare others any trouble.

Cloze

1. for 2. features 3. just 4. of5. anniversary 6. as 7. roughly 8. rooted9. urban 10. started 11. that 12. heart13. being 14. who

Synopsis of Text IITo Lie, or Not to Lie, the title of the article, echoes

in our mind the first line of Hamlet's most well-known soliloquy, "To be or not to be — that is the question" which gives full expression to Hamlet's presence of mind in a dilemma and his humanist thinking about life and death. By imitating the structure, the author of the text naturally introduces the thematic concern of whether doctors should tell lies or not to the patients, the seriously ill in particular, about their true condition of health. The first two paragraphs which are put almost entirely in question form well emphasize the increasing difficulty doctors have to face in making decisions.

Guided by a precept of "as far as possible do no harm", many doctors believe that they have good reasons for not telling the patients the truth about their condition for their own benefit. But the author takes a different view on this issue. She gives a few reasons why patients, esp. those dying ones, should be told the truth. She also discusses the great harm the lies do not only to their patients, but also to the doctors themselves and to the entire medical profession. By making known her position, she, nevertheless, urges an open debate on this issue.

General Questions

1. Why do doctors lie to patients about their true condition of health?

2. What’s the patients’ attitude?3. Which stand does the author take?

And you?

Detailed Study of Text

-Hamlet’s well-known soliloquy: ‘To be or not to be – that is the question’. Hamlet being in a dilemma, thinking

about life and death.

- ‘To lie, or not to lie’ – the doctor’s dilemma as to whether to tell lies or not to the patients, the seriously ill in particular, about their true condition of health.

Outline of TextTopic: to lie or not to lieMain idea: It discusses whether doctors should tell lies or not to the patients about their true condition of health.Supporting details: I. Doctors face increasing difficulty in

making decisions as to lie or not to patients. (Para. 1-2)

II.Doctors find good reasons for not telling the patients the truth about health condition for the patient’s own sake. (Para. 3-5)

Outline -details III. Patients want to be told the truth. (Para.

6) IV. Lies do great harm to patients, doctors,

and the entire medical profession.(Para. 7-9) A. harm to patients B. harm to doctors and medical profession

V. Conflicts & urgent need for an open debate – author’s advice (Para. 10-11)

Text II Questions To Lie or Not to Lie?

1. In medicine, law, politics, journalism, etc., is deception practiced for “greater needs.”2. “As far as possible do no harm.”3. The patients may feel betrayed, and their autonomy is intruded. And they cannot make informed decisions about their health and life; and it can also prolong recovery and affect treatment.4. “ Benevolent deception” may cause the erosion of integrity of the medical profession and affect those that do not tell lies to their patients. It may even induce lawsuits and the endless process. of litigation.

Translation of difficult sentences

(Para.1)In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the re quirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to ex pose corruption or to promote the public interest.医疗行业与法律、政府、及其它行业一样，对诚实的要求同其它更大的需要相比往往显得微不足道，譬如，需要避免可怕的消息造成的打击，或是考虑恪守机密的诺言，或是揭露腐败行为，或是为了促进公众利益。

(Para. 2) If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness?要是他问起检查结果，医生该否认他得了病或将病情的严重性缩小到最低限度么？

(Para. 3)Doctors confront such choices often and urgently.医生常常并十分紧迫地面临这样的选择。

(Para. 3)... in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones. … 在他们看来，这种谎言与谋取私利的谎言截然不同。

(Para. 4) As one physician wrote: "Ours is a profession which has traditionally been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth’s sake and that is 'as far as possible do no harm.’”正如一位内科医生曾写道：“我们的职业传统上恪守一个信条，那就是：‘尽可能不造成伤害’，该信条超越了为讲真话而讲真话的善德。”

(5) Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into decep tive practices that they assume will "do no harm" and may well help their patients.有了这样的知道原则，一些医生可能渐渐采用他们认为对病人会有好处而又“无害”的骗人的做法。

(5) They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant; and distort grave news, especially to the incur ably ill and the dying.他们可能开出无数贴安慰剂，说一些没有事实根据的鼓气的话，并歪曲严重的病情，尤其对那些患有不治之症和濒临死亡的病人他们更如此。

(6) But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to pro duce is now coming to be documented.但现在已有人提出证据，说明这种欺骗旨在给病人带来好处的说法纯属虚妄。(7) Not only do lies not provide the "help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place.谎言不仅不能提供主张善意欺骗的人们希望见到的那种“帮助”，而且它还侵犯了病人的自主权，致使他们无法根据自己的健康状况作出选择，包括首先是否愿意接受治疗。

(9) Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility.谎言也伤害说谎的人，使他们品格受损，并最终上去病人对他们的信任。

(9) The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously honest with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of "defensive medicine," and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.病人对医生欺骗行为的怀疑，使许多对病人开诚布公的医生的工作受到影响，医疗诉讼案不仅因其增多，而且医生为避免风险，同样增多了“防御性诊治”这一切进而损害了整个医疗卫生事业。

(10) Patients are learning to press for answers.病人可是学会催问真实病情。

(10) Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information.许多医生尽量向病人提供这些情况。

(10) Yet even in hospital with the most eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices.然而，即使在那些对病人的权益考虑最周到的医院里，信奉善意欺骗的医生们仍继续着他们古老的做法。

(10) Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in de ceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.护士们也许对不得不日复一日参与欺骗病人的做法深恶痛绝，但是她们对此感到无能为力。(11) Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional decep tion, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust.但是公众完全有理由提防职业性欺骗行为，因为这类做法极易根深蒂固，蔓延滋长，并损害信誉。

(11) Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you."无论医疗界、法律界、政府机构还是社科界，都不能从“不知者，不为所害”这句老话中得到安慰。

Dictation –TEM4 2002Disappearing Forest

1. The world’s forests are disappearing. /2. As much as a third of the total tree cover has

been lost /since agriculture began some ten thousand years ago. /

3. The remaining forests are home to half of the world’s species, /thus becoming the chief resorts for their survival. /

4. Tropical rain forests once covered twelve percent of the land of the planet. /

5. As well as supporting at least half of the world’s species of plants and animals, /these rain forests are home to millions of people./

6. But there are other demands on them. /7. For example, much has been cut for timber. /

8. An increasing amount of forestland has been used for industrial purposes, /or for agricultural development such as crop growing. /

9. By the 1990s less than half of the earth’s original rain forests remained, /and they continued to disappear at an alarming rate every year. /

10.As a result, the world’s forests are now facing gradual extinction. /

Writing assignment 7In the western world, if a family member has got a cancer, his/her family members must tell him/her about it frankly. If not, it would be regarded as being illegal. But in the Chinese culture, a common practice is not to tell the patient the truth. Some people think that this traditional practice must be changed along with the development of modernization. Write an essay of approximately 300 words on this issue to state your own opinion.Deadline: Dec. 9 (Thursday)