An Integrated English Course

BooK 3

Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press

Unit One Text 1

Fresh Start Fresh Start

Pre-reading Activity

While-reading Activity

Post-reading Activity

PPre-reading re-reading AActivitiesctivities Home

Warm-up Activity1.1

Background Information1.2

ENTER

II. Try to Translate

I. Topic-related Discussion

1. Do you remember your first days at

college? Did anything special happen then?

Topic-related discussion

2. Talk about the most embarrassing thing you encountered in college. Are you afraid of making mistakes that cause embarrassment?

Let’s talk!

• Useful words and expressions:• Budget one’s money make friends with• Humorous dialect• Broaden one’s mind study skills• Get along with scholarship• Course work part-time job• Extracurricular activity

3. What are the major differences between college and high school lives?

Try to Translate

•让我们重新开始吧！

Try to translate the following saying into English.

1. Let's start from very beginning again.

2. Let’s do it all over again.

3. Let's start from zero again.

4. Let's get back to the starting point.

5. Let's make a fresh start !

6. Let's go back to square one.

7. Let's go back to the drawing board.

8. Let's roll it back to the beginning.

I. The Text and I. The Text and the Authorthe Author

To be continued on the next page.

Background Information

The text, written by Evelyn Herald (contemporary), appeared in Nutshell magazine in 1989.

Nutshell magazine it‘s a monthly, web-based magazine.

Interested people sign up for the newsletter ( 简报 ) and thus they get a digest ( 摘要 )of the current month's content mailed to them. The newsletter contains short, interesting stories while the website contains greater detail for you to dive into.

II. Higher Education in the U.S

To be continued on the next page.

In the U.S., there are two-year and four-year colleges or

universities. Two-year colleges (often community colleges)

usually offer the associate’s degree. They often have open

admissions with low tuition. Students with an associate’s

degree can be transferred to a four-year institution for

another two years to earn a bachelor’s degree. Colleges

and universities vary in terms of goals: some emphasize a

business, engineering, or technical curriculum while others

may emphasize a liberal arts curriculum.

Background Information

Higher Education in the U.S

There are public and private

universities in the U.S. Public

universities often have much lower

tuition. The majority of them are

operated and supported by the

states. Residents of the state that

supports the university typically pay

lower tuition than non-residents.

Ⅲ. College Cafeterias

Th

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nd

of th

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ackg

rou

nd

in

form

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n

Background Information

Some Chinese students misunderstand “cafeteria” as a coffee house, the Spanish meaning of the word. Actually it means “canteen or dining hall.” Students have a tray to select the food and use the ID cards as the method of payment. But the prominence of American ones lies in the fact that the cafeteria is clean and modern, providing a nice place and a rare chance for meeting and talking with friends in a busy day.

WWhile-readinghile-reading AActivitiesctivities

Global reading2.1

Detailed reading 2.2

2.1.1 Understanding the major details of the text 2.1.2 Understanding the organization of the text

2.2.1 Language points

Home

(1). How did Evelyn feel on her first arrival at the college campus?

Answer the following questions

(2). Where did Evelyn choose to sit in her first class? Why?

(3). What was the footballer’s response to the students’ cheers and claps when he fell on the cafeteria floor? And why?

(4). What, according to Evelyn, is one of the major differences between college and high school lives?

(5) How should a person take his/her college life according to Evelyn? Do you agree?

1.“first-gradish”, a mixture feeling of helplessness,disorientation, self-consciousness and a lack of confidence.

2.She chose to … because …Since she was not confident enough to sit…she chose a side seat in the front row.

3. … did not take the accident seriously. Instead, …light-heartedly and just laugh it off. It shows that … quite common on campus

and one should not take them seriously4. In high school one strives for popularity and avoids at any cost

Making himself a laughing stock among his peers. When in college,…avoid taking other’s opinions too much to heart.

5. A person should take his college life for experiment. …not afraid of making mistakes. College allows one to make mistakes.

To be continued on the next page.

2.1.1 Understanding the major details of the text

In this autobiographical essay, Evelyn Herald narrates her embarrassing moments during her first days of college. With a chronologically balanced pattern of narration, the author focuses on three incidents–___________________, ______________________and__________________________________________________________. After these, the author realizes a person should not be afraid of _____________ because it is only through trial and error that one can find _____________ and this is just the ultimate purpose of college education.

Main idea of the text

sitting in the wrong class

falling down in the cafeteriafootball player having the same experience

witnessing the upper-class

making mistakes

his/ her real self

The end of the major details .

2.1.2 Understanding the organization of the text

Structure of the Text

Part 1 (para. 1— ) :

Part 2 (para. ) :

Part 3 (para. ) :

1

2—9

10—14

This is an introductory paragraph. It introduces some background information: who; what; when; where.

It includes three “big incidents” in the beginning days of her college life.It concludes the author’s comments on the incidents and reflections on the significance of one’s fresh start in college life.

Lesson 2 – Going Home

ENTER

gradish

• adj. -ish• 1) somewhat, near to,tending to:• reddish greenish purplish fortyish • 2) in the manner of: • foolish childish boyish womanish

snobbish• 3) of a country, of or relating to a country or its

people

• Irish Polish Finnish Spanish

distinct

• Gold is distinct from iron.

• 金在性质上不同于铁。

• This term , there has been a distinct improvement in Angel’s study.

•Easily perceived by the senses or intellect; clear

distinguished from others in nature or qualities

distinctly distinction distinctive

To be continued on the next page.

Adding to my distress was the distinct impression that everyone on campus was watching me.

I could clearly feel that everyone on campus was watching me, and this made me even more upset.

常用搭配

Be distinct from/in （在某方面）与……截然不同practice

Now that the boss was no longer present, there was a distinct

change in her attitude.

老板不在场，她的态度发生了 180 度的大转变。

Distinct vs. Distinctive

• distinctive: having a special quality, character or appearance that is different from others.

• Anything clearly noticed is distinct.

• e.g. There is a distinct smell of beer in the room.

• e.g. Beer has a distinctive smell.

Paraphrase

• My plan was to keep my ears open and my mouth shut and hope no one would notice I was a freshman.

• I planned to be observant and silent so that nobody would notice that I was only a new-comer to college.

With that thought in mind, I raised my head, squared my shoulders, and set out in the direction of my dorm, glancing (and then ever so discreetly) at the campus map clutched in my hand,…

Ever: You use ever in the expressions ever such and ever so to emphasize that someone or something has a particular quality, especially when you are expressing enthusiasm or gratitude.

E.g. I’m ever so grateful. /This is in ever such good condition.

Usually collocating with “so” and “such”

In the direction: towards:Tom went off in the direction of the post office.

She glanced in his ◆direction. The aircraft ◆was flying in a northerly direction. The road was ◆blocked in both directions.

• square– n.

• 正方形• 平方

– v. • I need to get some stuff squared away before I leave

Friday.• I will get one day off if I can square it with my boss. • square the circle 1. 【数学】求与已知圆面积相等的正方

形 2. 干办不到的事– a.

• 960 万平方公里• a square deal 公平交易；诚实交易 • a square meal 使人吃饱的一餐，丰盛的一餐 • a square peg in a round hole [ 口语 ] 不称职的人，不得其

所的人

put (things or places) in order[ 美国口语 ] 整顿就绪，做好准备：

If you square something with someone, you ask their

permission or check with them that what you are doing is

acceptable to them. ( 就某事 ) 征求 ( 某人 ) 许可

shapes

square rectangle circle crescent

oval diamond triangle cross heart

cube

pyramid

cylinder

sphere

discreet• He is discreet in choosing his friends. • 他交友谨慎

adj.cautious,careful

practice

Discreet women have neither eyes nor ears.     

谨慎的女人不四处打听 .He is discreet in his behavior.     

他行为谨慎 .

clutch

She clutched the child’s hand as they cross the street.

vt. to grasp or hold tightly

He lost his clutch on the rope and fell.他抓不住绳子 , 松手摔了下来。

n. the act of grasp

She released the clutch and the car began to move.

n.a coupling that connects or disconnects driving

她放开离合器 , 汽车就动了。

To be continued on the next page.

• The mother clutched her baby in her arms.

• 母亲紧紧地把婴儿抱在怀里。• The frightened child clung to her mother.

• 受惊的小孩紧紧抓住她的母亲 .

Practice

cling to : hold sb. or sth. tightly, esp. because you do not feel safe.

How do you analyze this sentence?

• It took everything I had not to stare when I caught my first glimpse of a real live college football player.

• It / took / everything I had /not to stare /when I caught my first glimpse of a real live college football player.

• Paraphrase

glimpse n. 1. a quick look at sb. or sth.

e.g. I caught a glimpse of our new neighbor.

2. a short experience of sth. that helps you begin to understand it

e.g.Her worried face gave me a glimpse of her true feelings.

她的忧伤表情使我感受到她内心的真实感情。

It took everything I had not to stare when I caught my first glimpse of a real live college football player. (Paragraph 2)

Paraphrase:

I could not help staring at the football player who was a direct contrast to myself and represented what I had desired but failed to be.

reserve• I reserve the right to disagree.

• 我保留持不同意见的权利• retain, to keep for oneself

• a forest reserve/ wildlife reserve

• 自然森林保护区• a reservation of public land 保留地• Later Darcy drops his reserve and confesses

that he loves her.

• n. self-restraint in expression; the habit of not showing one’s feelings or thoughts. 矜持，拘谨

• I only hoped his attention was drawn to my airs of assurance rather than…

• Air: Personal bearing, appearance, or manner; mien. E.g. She smiled with a triumphant air.

• Airs(disapproving) : an affected, often haughty pose; affectation; a way of behaving that shows that sb thinks that they are more important, educated, etc. than they really are.

• Idioms: airs and graces 做作，装腔作势• E.g. I hate the way she puts on airs.• (self-) assurance (adj. assured): belief/confidence

in yourself, your abilities or your strength

I spent the afternoon seeking out each of my classrooms so that I could make a perfectly timed entrance before each lecture without having to ask dumb questions about its whereabouts.

Dumb (infml, esp. AmE): That was a pretty dumb thing to do.

Whereabouts: n.(used with a sing. or pl. verb) approximate location:

His whereabouts is a matter of conjecture. Her whereabouts is/are still unknown.

Keep looking for … until u find it

Time: (usually passive) to arrange that something should happen at a particular time•I saw from the station clock that I had timed my arrival perfectly.•The tour has been timed to allow visitors to attend the opening ceremony.• well-timed: done or happening at the right time or at an appropriate time; timely: Your remarks are certainly well-timed.

whereabouts

• Whereabouts in Haikou do you live?

• 你住海口什么地方呢？• whereabouts unknown

• 去向 / 行踪不明• Whereabouts are you headed?

• 你要去哪儿？

n. the place where somebody or something is

manual• of or relating to the hands

manual labor / a manual worker / manual training

体力劳动 / 体力劳动者 / 手工课• a small reference book, especially one giving

instructions.

a manual for students (n.)

学生手册descriptive manual

说明书

demeanor n.the way sb. behaves, dresses, speaks, etc. that shows what their character is like

Practice:

他的举止沉着、稳健。His demeanor was clam and steady.

这个女孩子的态度娴静而谦逊。

The girl has a quiet, modest demeanor.

After deliberation…

• deliberation: careful consideration or discussion of something---deliberate (v.)

• After much deliberation, first prize was awarded to James.

• They deliberated on whether to continue with the talks.

scribble

• She can’t write yet, but she loves to

scribble with a pencil.

• 她现在还不会写字 , 但她喜欢用铅笔乱涂。• Time is so limited, I just scribble his phone

number in my address book.

• 没时间了，我只是快速把他的电话号码记在地址簿上。

v. to cover with scribbles, or

meaningless marks.

v. to write or draw in a hurried, careless way. 潦草的书写

A cold sweat broke out on the back of my neck.

• Sweat, when denoting drops of salty liquid that come out through your skin when you are hot, frightened, ill, or doing exercise, is uncountable. If you would like to refer to the drops, use “beads of sweat”, e.g. Beads of sweat appeared on his forehead.

• But the singular form of “a sweat” is usually used when you are to describe the state of sweating or being covered with sweat, e.g. They say a good sweat will cure a cold.

• Be in a sweat. Break (out) in/into a sweat.• Drops in stock market prices have investors breaking out into a

sweat.• “A cold sweat” connotes the state of nervousness or fear, in

which you start to sweat, even though you are not hot: I woke up from the nightmare in a cold sweat.

grope v.1. try to find sth. that you cannot see by feeling with your hands

e.g.Ginny groped for her glasses on the bedside table.

Collocations:grope for

grope arounde.g.

We groped around in the darkness.2. go somewhere by feeling the way with your

hands because you cannot see

e.g.I was groping my way blindly through the trees.

Collocations:grope your way along / across, etc.

tip sb. off• Journalists who were tipped off about the incident

raced to the scene.• 事先听到有关此事风声的新闻记者争先恐后赶赴现场

。

• Informants tipped police off to Jack’s whereabouts.

• 密告者向警察通风报信，说出了杰克的行踪。

• There are nothing to tip me off that something was

wrong.

• 没有任何迹象向我显示什么地方出了差错。

v. give secret information to

practice

• maneuver

• n. – Jack worked out a crafty maneuver to outwit his

powerful rivals. – The guidelines are written in a way that gives

managers room to maneuver.

– Russia and China planned for allied maneuvers along the boarder.

• v. – It’s very important for a general to be good at

maneuvering armies in the battle. – CHIANG KAI-SHEK tried every means to maneuver

General Yang into giving in to the Japanese army.

the possibility of changing one’s plans or decisions.

For three days I dined alone on nothing more than humiliation, shame, and an assortment of junk food from a machine strategically placed outside my room.

• Paraphrase:

• For three days, I had not been to the cafeteria due to my feeling of humiliation and shame. Instead, I stayed alone in my room and ate junk food of various kinds from a vending machine which was in just the right place to aid me in avoiding others.

composed

• The captain remained composed throughout the raging storm.

• Although he felt very nervous, he managed to appear composed.

• 虽然内心十分紧张，他仍能做到外表镇定自若。

adj. calm, in control of one’s feelings.

practice

tagliatelle 意大利干面条a type of pasta that is cut into very long thin flat pieces

spaghetti 意大利式细面条a type of pasta in very long thin pieces, that is cooked in boiling water

macaroni 通心粉a type of pasta in the shape of small tubes

one’s heart goes out to sb.

• My heart goes out to you and I want to help

you.

• 我同情你，我要帮助你。• My heart goes out to all those people who were

made homeless by the hurricane.

• 我同情所有因飓风而成为无家可归的人。

feel sympathy towards sb.

to show compassion for 对……表示同情

grin v.show that you are very happy or pleased by smiling widely

Collocation:grin from ear to ear: grin very widely

slink v.go or move in a quiet, stealthy way; move as if one feels guilty or ashamed, or does not want to be seen

e.g. She tried to slink (=sneak) out of the office so that nobody would see her.

The cat slunk (=sneaked) through the grass toward its prey.

malicious a.very unkind and cruel, and deliberately behaving in a way that is likely to upset or hurt sb.

e.g. a malicious remark

malicious gossip

Derivation ：malice (n.): a desire to harm sb. because you hate them

e.g.He did it through malice.

I am quite certain that his wife bears malice to / towards / against (=feels continuing dislike for) me.

Comparison and translation

run with the crowd

An independent man, Peter never goes with the tide.彼得是个有主见的人，从不随大流。_________________________________________________________

_You can do what you want to do, but never follow the crowd.你想做什么就做什么，可别随大流。_________________________________________________________

_Hait hasn’t got a mind of his own on any matter of importance; he just swims with the tide.海特在任何重要问题上都没有自己的主见，他只是随大流。__________________________________________________________________________________

She is always falling into line with the majority.她总是随大流。___________________________

Popularity was not so important; running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival. In college, it didn’t matter.

• Paraphrase:

• It didn’t matter whether or not you were widely accepted or admired; you did not have to behave to the liking of everyone else.

live up to• He has lived up to the hopes of his father.

• 他的所作所为没有辜负父亲的期望。 • I try to live up to the high standard of the

school.

• 我力求达到这所学校的高标准要求。• fail to live up to one’s expectation.

• 辜负• live up to one's word

• 说话算数

to live or act in accordance with:遵从 , 做到，达到

shackle• The prisoner was fastened by a shackle.

• 那个犯人被手铐铐着。• n. A metal fastening, usually one of a pair, for

encircling the ankle or wrist of a prisoner

• He’s too young to shackle himself with the responsibilities of a family.

• 他还太年轻，不能用家庭责任来束缚自己• v. to fasten or restrict 束缚，妨碍

PPost-reading ost-reading AActivitiesctivities Home

Oral activities1.1

Exercises1.2

Oral activities

• 1. Could you retell Evelyn’s story? What have you learned from her story?

• 2. Alexander Pope asserted in An Essay on Criticism, “To err is human, to forgive divine”. Do you really believe that one could be forgiven for moral or behavioral defects? Or do you believe that one can live a perfect life without making any mistakes?

Exercises

Paraphrase• 1. My plan was to keep my ears open and my

mouth shut and hope no one would notice I was a freshman.

• I planned to be observant and silent so that nobody would notice that I was only a new-comer to college.

Paraphrase

• 2. For three days I dined alone on nothing more than humiliation, shame, and an assortment of junk food from a machine strategically placed outside my room.

• For three days, I had not been to the cafeteria due to my feeling of humiliation and shame. Instead, I stayed alone in my room and ate junk food of various kinds from a vending machine which was in just the right place to aid me in avoiding others.

Paraphrase

• 3. Popularity was not so important; running with the crowd was no longer a law of survival.

• It didn’t matter whether or not you were widely accepted or admired; you did not have to behave to the liking of everyone else.

Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your own words.

• Keys:• 1. I had just the feeling of a newcomer at college

without the strength a mature student might possess• 2. my apparent confidence• 3. some food to appease my hunger (as well as my

anxiety)• 4. going with the tide was no longer crucial to one’s

success• 5. foolish and glaring mistakes.

Grammar

• 1)      Nominal Clauses• There are five main types of nominal clauses: that-clauses, interrogative

sub-clauses, nominal relative clauses, nominal to-infinitive clauses and nominal -ing clauses. Nominal clauses function like noun phrases. They can occur as subject, object, complement, apposition, and prepositional complement.

• For example:•            The hope is [that we will succeed]. (complement)•            The hope [that we will succeed] is unrealistic. (apposition)•            [What you do] does not concern me. (subject)•            I didn’t ask [where you live]. (object)•            I had prepared myself very carefully for [what I must say].

(prepositional complement)•            [To send him money now] would be [to put the cart before the

horse]. (subject; complement)

Rewrite the following sentences, beginning with a noun phrase or a nominal clause

• 1. I decided to resign, which was wise.• My decision to resign was wise.• 2. They were ready to accept the peace agreement.

This really surprised the diplomatic world.• Their readiness to accept the peace agreement really

surprised the diplomatic world.• 3.I was determined to pass the test and that helped

me.• My determination to pass the test helped me.

• 4. She failed to get into college. This disappointed her parents.

• Her failure to get into college disappointed her parents.

• 5. I was willing to cooperate and this was appreciated.

• My willingness to cooperate was appreciated.

• 6. He refused to help, which surprised me.

• His refusal to help surprised me.

• 7. It is proposed that we should import more equipment. The proposal is to be discussed at the meeting.

• The proposal that we should import more equipment is to be discussed at the meeting.

• 8. Who can have told you that? It puzzles me.

• Who can have told you that puzzles me.

2) so that

• So that introduces an adverbial clause of purpose, which usually contains a modal verb.

• For example:

• The teacher must speak clearly [so that his students can understand well].

• They climbed to the top of the mountain [so that they could get a bird’s-eye view of the city].

Combine the two sentences in each group into one, using so that. (p. 11)

• 1. I spent the afternoon seeking out each of my classrooms so that I could make a perfectly timed entrance before each lecture.

• 2. He wore glasses and a false beard so that nobody would recognize him.

• 3. The stranger spoke very slowly so that I could understand what he said.

• 4. She locked the door so that she wouldn’t be disturbed.

• 5. John whispered so that others couldn’t hear him.

• 6. Please arrive early so that we can start the meeting on time.

• 7. John has bought a bicycle so that he may save money on bus travel.

• 8. The lecturer showed some slides so that he might illustrate his point.

3) Adverbial Clauses of Concession

• Adverbial clauses of concession express a contrast of meaning or implication of ‘unexpectedness’ in relation with the main clauses. They are often introduced by concessive conjunctions such as although, though or prepositions such as despite.

• For example:• [Although the car was badly damaged], none of the

passengers was hurt.• We enjoyed our holiday [despite the fact that it

rained sometimes].• [However difficult the situation is], we shall stick to

it.

Translation I

• 1. The fact was that no matter how mature I liked to consider myself, I was feeling just a bit first-gradish.

• 事实上，不管我如何摆出一副成熟的样子，我感觉自己还是有一点大一新生的菜鸟气。

• 2. Freshmen manuals advised sitting near the front, showing the professor in intelligent and energetic demeanor.

• 新生手册上建议坐在前排，在教师面前摆出一副聪敏、朝气的架势。

Translation I

• 3. For three days I dined alone on nothing more than humiliation and shame, and an assortment of junk food from a machine strategically placed outside my room.

• 整整三天，我独自品尝的只有耻辱和羞愧。偏巧门口有台快餐机，于是那三天我吃的全是里面各色垃圾食品。

• 4. What I had interpreted as a malicious attempt to embarrass a naive freshman had been merely a moment of college fun.

• 我曾以为那些笑声是恶意捉弄菜鸟新生的，原来那不过是大学校园里的开心一刻。

Translation II• 1. 听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。• It distressed me a great deal to hear the news

that he had suffered repeated failures.• 2. 他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出一副

高兴的样子。• He assumed an air for cheerfulness, even

though he lost favor with his boss.• 3. 格列佛 (Gulliver)经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物。

• Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and saw a strange assortment of people.

Translation II• 4. 如果你再犯同样的错误，他会很生你气的。• He will be furious with you if you repeat the

same mistake.• 5. 我们都被他坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切

的态度所深深吸引。• We were all greatly drawn by his frank views,

humorous words and genial manner.• 6. 等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获

得者开始演讲。• After cheers and applause died down, the

Nobel Prize winner began his speech.

Translation II

• 7. 他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流。

• He is gifted with a sort of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowd.

• 8. 我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活。

• I feel realities are after all very harsh, so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals.

Keys to Passage Translation (p.13)

• 我上大学的头几天颇为难忘。爸妈驾车离开，将我独自留在校园里，我手足无措。不管如何努力装成熟，我就是摆脱不了大一新生的感觉我花了好几个小时，搞清了我选修课程所在的各个教室。第二天早上，我坐在教室的前排，打开美国文学选集，抖擞精神准备听课。但老师却说“欢迎选修生物课”， 我意识到自己坐错了教室。我用铁一样的意志，摆出了一副生物专业学生的姿态，一直坚持到讲座结束。下课以后，我感到我的胃需要加点营养，于是匆匆赶往自助餐厅。但不幸的是，当我端着餐盘朝桌子走去时，脚底一滑，盘子翻到，我失去了平衡，扑到在地上。好几天，我都倍感羞辱。过后，我渐渐地意识到自己把这种微不足道的小事看得过重了。在大学里，重要的是做自然的“我”， 发现真正的“我”， 而不是试图把一切都做得尽善尽美。

Dictation

• There are generally two educational methods: / the lecture method and the group learning method. / In a lecture classroom, / the teacher dominates the class /by doing most of the talking. / Students listen and take notes. / This method is best at passing on content to students. / It prepares students for a society / that values discipline and self-control. / The problem is that students forget most of the facts / that they have mechanically memorized. / In contrast, / the teacher of a group learning classroom / appears to have no definite role at all, / wandering about from group to group. / Students do not memorise information, / but they actively generate their own ideas, / each contributing insights for the success of the group. / This method prepares students for a society / that values creative ideas. / The disadvantage is that /students have not memorised enough basic facts.