insect collecting

8/3/2019 Insect Collecting

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CONTENTSPage

Equipment for Collecting Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

How to Make Your Net . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

How to Make Your Killing Jar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Making a Pinning Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Making a Spreading Board . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Where to Collect Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

How to Mount and Preserve Your Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

How to Relax Dry Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

How to Label Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Arranging in Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Identifying the Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

What Makes a Good Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Suggestions for Making a Good Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Protection of Collection From Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Recommended for Arkansas 4-H by the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Extensionentomologists. DR. JOHN D. HOPKINS is assistant professor and Extension entomologist,Little Rock, DR. GLENN STUDEBAKER is assistant professor and Extension entomologist,Northeast Research and Extension Center, Keiser, DR. GUS M. LORENZ, III , is professor,Extension entomologist and IPM coordinator, Lonoke, DR. KELLY M. LOFTIN is assistant professor and Extension entomologist, Fayetteville, and DR. SCOTT AKIN is assistant professorand Extension entomologist, Southeast Research and Extension Center, Monticello, all with theUniversity of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Cooperative Extension Service.

Gordon Barnes, Dr. Bill F. Jones and Dr. Donald R. Johnson, retired Extension entomologists,are authors of previous editions of this publication.


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MAKING AN INSECT COLLECTIONBy Dr. John D. Hopkins, Assistant Professor and Extension Entomologist,

Dr. Glenn Studebaker, Assistant Professor and Extension Entomologist,Dr. Gus M. Lorenz, III, Professor, Extension Entomologist and IPM Coordinator,

Dr. Kelly M. Loftin, Assistant Professor and Extension Entomologist, and Dr. Scott Akin, Assistant Professor and Extension Entomologist

Insects are small invertebrate (lacking abackbone) animals. They have all the bodyprocesses of the higher animals (vertebrates) andare very interesting to study. Insects are classied according to the following series of categories.

An example of the classication of the housey isgiven below.

Kingdom AnimalClass InsectaOrder DipteraFamily Muscidae

Genus MuscaSpecies domesticaDescriber LinnaeusCommon name house y

In some widely varying orders, there may bea classication of suborder. Some families mayhave a classication category of superfamilyand subfamily.

Insects make up the majority of the animalkingdom. In Arkansas alone there are probably20,000 different kinds of insects. It is importantfor anyone who wants to learn about the world

around him to spend a considerable part of histime learning about insects. The best way tobegin is by making a collection.

Many insects are so distinctive that they areeasily recognized at a distance. There are manyothers, however, which cannot be distinguishedfrom their near relatives unless specimens of both are available together for comparison. Thisis the great value of a collection. You will ndmany of the insects which you lump together asMay beetles, houseies or grasshoppers areactually a mixture of many species, each with aparticular way of life. You will also nd that everytiny ying insect is not a gnat. You will beamazed at the variety of insects you can nd onyour own farm, in your town or even in your ownback yard.

Equipment forCollecting Insects

A small amount of inexpensive equipment isnecessary for collecting and mounting insects.

The following things should be obtained bythe beginner:

1. Insect net 4. Pinning block2. Killing jar 5. Spreading board3. Insect pins 6. Storage boxes

and display boxes

How to Make Your NetTo help in collecting insects, a sweep net is

useful. It is especially useful in sweeping forsmall insects. Sweep nets may be purchased ormade at home. A plan for making a sweep net isas follows:

Equipment:1. Small wooden handle, about 3 feet long

(broom handle).2. Smooth stiff wire 5 feet long (telephone wire).3. A piece of cloth 3 x 5 feet (muslin or

mosquito netting).4. Piece of fine wire to wrap wire hoop ends

to handle.

Insect Collecting Net

On one end of the handle, cut two grooveslengthwise on opposite sides the depth andthe thickness of the wire. Make one groove2 1/2 inches long and the other 3 1/2 inches long.Drill a small hole into the handle at the end of each groove. Bend the wire to form a hoop.Cut the cloth a triangular shape with the topcircled. Hem the top and sew the sides together.

Attach to the wire circle. Wire the hoop tothe handle.

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How to Make Your OwnKilling Jar

Any jar or large-mouthed bottle with a tightlid makes a good killing bottle. Chips of rubber,sponge, celotex, cotton or similar absorbentmaterial should be placed in the bottom of the jar.

A piece of corrugated cardboard should be cut thesize of the bottom of the jar and placed over thechips to keep them in place. The bottle should becharged as needed with killing agent. Many of the

volatile chemicals are effective.

Insect Killing Bottle

Making a Pinning Block A pinning block is used to get the insect and

labels at the same height on each pin. A pinningblock may be made from a single piece of wood1 inch square and 4 inches long or by gluingseveral 1/4-inch by 1-inch pieces together to form

1-inch square steps, 1/4 inch, 1/2 inch, 3/4 inchand 1 inch thick. Small holes just large enoughfor the head of the insect pin to slip through arebored through the center of each step.

Making a Spreading BoardTo spread the wings of moths and butteries

until they dry, a spreading board is needed.Several sizes of spreading boards are used by theprofessional. For most insects, a good spreadingboard can be made. The bill of materials for aspreading board is:

1. Two pieces 5 1/2 inches long and 1 inchsquare for the ends.

2. Two pieces 1/2 inch x 2 1/2 inches x 16 inchesfor the top pieces. These should be planed sothat one side of each is sloped down to3/8 inch thick.

3. One strip of balsa wood, styrofoam, cork orother soft material 1/2 inch x 1 inchx 14 inches for the pinning strip

in the bottom of the slot.4. A pinning board may be

made from styrofoamby cutting a slot.The moth bodyis placed inthe slotsand wingsspread.

BoxesCigar boxes or similar type boxes with

corrugated board placed in the bottoms makegood collecting and storage boxes. Exhibit or display boxes can be purchased or made. Arkansascollections should be exhibited or displayed in abox 18 inches x 24 inches x 2 5/8 inches with aplexiglas top.

Bill of Materials

1 piece masonite 18" x 24"2 side pieces 1" x 2 5/8" x 24" grooved1 end piece 1" x 2 5/8" x 16 1/2" grooved

1 end piece 1" x 2 1/4" x 16 1/2"1 end piece 1" x 3/8" x 16 1/2" grooved1 piece styrofoam or celotex, 1/2" x 16 1/2" x 22 5/8"10 screws10 at head box nails1 piece plexiglas 17" x 23 1/2"

The two side pieces and one end piece aregrooved 1/8" wide and 1/4" deep 1/4" down frominside the top. The end piece 1" x 3/8" x 16 1/2"has a groove on one side 1/8" x 1/4" to t overplexiglas to hold it in place.

1/2 styrofoam Sides and oneor celotex t in end grooved 1/81 x 3/8 x bottom wide, 1/4 deep16 1/2 end and 1/4 from top

with groove edge

18 total widthplexiglass

2 5/8 total heightEnd 2 1/4height for plexi- 24 lengthglass to slipinto groove masonite bottom

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Where to Collect InsectsInsects may be collected at any time during

the year. There is at least one species or kind of insect that feeds or lives on every kind of plant,mammal and bird. Some plants support many different kinds of insects. The more places insects arecollected, the larger and more varied the collectionis likely to be. The following insect habitats can beused as a guide to making a collection:

1. Pastures: grasshoppers, butteries, treecrickets, walkingsticks, leafhoppers, beetles,crane ies, wasps.

2. Cultivated plants: butterflies, beetles,squash bugs, stink bugs and many otherinjurious insects.

3. Woodlands: A. Foliage of trees and shrubs: beetles,

wasps, praying mantis, walkingstick.B. Decayed logs and stumps: beetles,

termites, ants.C. Loose bark of logs and stumps: beetles,

wasps, cockroaches, springtails.D. Sap of freshly cut trees: moths, wasps,

beetles.E. Under damp leaves: springtails, beetles,

leafhoppers, beetles.F. Flowers: butteries, bumble bees, wasps,

beetles.

4. Buildings: A. Newspapers: bristletails, booklice.B. Flooring: termites, powderpost beetles.

C. Basement: cockroaches.D. Clothes closets: bristletails, clothes moths.

5. Domestic and wild mammals and birds:biting lice, sucking lice, eas, horse ies, hornies, bot ies.

6. Farm lot: A. Manure: beetles, ies.B. Stored grain: moths, caterpillars, beetles,

booklice.C. Shocks of grain: crickets, beetles.D. Straw piles: earwigs, crickets, beetles.

7. Water: A. Ponds, lakes, streams: water striders,whirligig beetles, water scorpions, giantwater bugs, springtails, water boatmen,back swimmers, dobsonies, stoneies,mayies, dragonies, beetles.

B. Mud, sandbars, gravel or clay banks: toadbugs, pygmy grasshoppers, mole crickets,tiger beetles.

C. Weeds and leafy branches near water:damselflies, dragonflies, beetles,

leafhoppers, flies, stoneflies, mayflies,caddisflies.

8. Weeds and owers along roadside:grasshoppers, stink bugs, beetles, scorpionies, treehoppers, tree crickets, wasps, bees,butteries, blister beetles.

9. Special places: A. Boards and stones: ants, termites, beetles,

crickets, springtails.B. Lights at night: moths, beetles, lacewings,

praying mantis, katydids, jaries,dobsonies, assassin bugs, giant waterbugs, caddisies, mayies, stoneies.

C. Greenhouses: plant lice, thrips, earwigs.D. Dead or decaying bodies of animals: rove

beetles and other scavengers.

How to Mount and PreserveYour Collection

A display collection should contain only adultinsects. All insects must be pinned or glued tosmall card triangles.

Insects should be mounted on regular insectpins, not common pins. Any insect too small topin through the body should be glued to a cardpoint made by cutting a triangle 3/8-inch and1/8-inch wide at the base from a le card or similar material. The pin should be inserted at thebase of the triangle.

All insects should be pinned so that the uppersurface on the insect is 1/2-inch below the head of the pin. This is done by inserting the pin headrst through the 1/2-inch section of the pinningblock after the insect has been pinned.

Insects that are large enough should bepinned directly through the body, usually just off

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center to the right. Different kinds of insectshave different locations on the body where pinsshould be inserted. The following rules shouldbe followed:

1. Bees, wasps, ies,etc. Pin through thethorax between thebases of the fore wingsand just to the right of the middle line.

2. Stink bugs Pinthrough the scutellum,which is the triangulararea between thebases of the wings.

3. Grasshoppers, crickets,etc. Pin through theprothorax or saddle

just to the right of thecenter line.

4. Beetles Pin throughthe fore part of theright wing cover nearthe center line.

5. Butteries, moths,dragonies, etc. Pinthrough the center of the thorax between thebases of the fore wings.

The wings of moths andbutteries should bespread on a spreading board.

How to Relax Dry Insects All insects should be pinned while fresh if at

all possible. At times specimens may dry outbefore they can be pinned. Dry specimens may berelaxed by putting them into a relaxing chamberfor one or two days. A relaxing chamber can bemade from a large jar with a wide mouth and a

tight-tting lid. Place 2 inches of clean sand inthe bottom of the jar and saturate it with waterto which two to three drops of carbolic acid havebeen added to control mold. Place insects in anopen container on top of the wet sand and put thelid on the chamber airtight. Pin insects just assoon as they are soft. Specimens left too long inthe relaxing chamber will be ruined.

How to Label InsectsInsects should all be labeled with two labels

1/2 inch wide and 3/4 inch long made from lecards. The location, date and the name of thecollector should be printed on the top label andthe common name, where possible, should beprinted on the lower label.

Labels should be placed at uniform heights.Use the different sections of the pinning block toobtain the proper height. Labels should be placedparallel to the length of large insects, so that theyare read from the left side with insect facingaway. Labels on point-mounted insects should beparallel with points and read from the bottom.

Arranging in the Box A piece of blank paper should be tted in the

bottom of the box. Insects are then arranged incolumns in horizontal rows with not more thanfour specimens of each kind to a row. Each Orderis separated by a label in the column at the top of the rst row of insects in that particular Order.The Order name should be printed or typed on apiece of plain white paper 1/2 inch wide by2 inches in length and pinned to the bottom of thebox with two pins.

Identifying the InsectsTwenty-ve of the 31 total insect Orders can

easily be collected in Arkansas. At least onespecies of these Orders is commonly present in all

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localities. Keys and reference material should beused to properly identify insects to Order.

What Makes a GoodCollection

A useful collection consists of many differentspecies of insects, neatly mounted, labeled andarranged in good display boxes. Uniformity of labeling, mounting and arranging is of utmostimportance in making an attractive collection.

Insect collections will be judged according tothe following score card:

1. Different Orders correctly identied. 25 points

2. Pinning and spreading technique. 25 points

a. Proper wing spreading. 5 pointsb. Pins inserted properly. 5 pointsc. Uniform height on pins. 5 points

d. Insects level and straight. 5 pointse. Condition of specimens. 5 points

3. Identication and labeling. 25 points

a. Labels neat and accurate. 5 pointsb. Labels uniform height on pins. 5 pointsc. Labels not twisted on pins. 5 pointsd. Insects assigned correct Order. 5 pointse. Accuracy of common names. 5 points

4. General appearance of collection. 25 points

a. Variety of insects. 5 pointsb. No species duplication. 5 pointsc. Grouping and spacing. 5 pointsd. Arrangement and background. 5 pointse. Educational features added. 5 points

Suggestions for Makinga Good Collection1. Use undamaged specimens.

2. Spread the wings of Lepidoptera.

3. Place all insects the same height on the pins.

4. Use only regular insect pins.

5. Use uniform labels placed the same height onpins and kept straight.

6. Group each Order in columns under theOrder label and arrange the specimens inneat, straight rows.

7. Varnished and waxed display cases are moreattractive.

8. Use white or light color background in thebottom of the box to show insect specimens tobest advantage.

Protection of CollectionFrom Insects

Insect collections are often destroyed by otherinsects which feed on dry insects. Collections maybe protected by using moth balls placed in thebox. The box should be kept tightly closed.

Order: Thysanura(Silversh)

Wings None

Mouthparts Chewing

Metamorphosis None

Added Note Silver-colored insects with longantennae and two or three long antennae-like

appendages at the end of the abdomen. Thesilversh feed on rayons, starched clothes,bookbindings and other materials havingstarch or glue. Can be found in feed or ourmills where starchy foods are handled or insinks and bathtubs of homes.

Order: Microcoryphia(Jumping Bristletails)

Wings None

Mouthparts Chewing

Metamorphosis None

Added Note Jumping bristletails are winglessinsects similar to silverfish. They jumpwhen disturbed and are usually found ingrassy or wooded areas under leaves, bark ordead wood.

Order: Collembola(Springtails)

Wings None

Mouthparts Chewing

Metamorphosis None

Added Note Very small insects less than1/5 inch long. Flip themselves into the air bymeans of a spring-like part under theabdomen. Found in damp places, such asunder decaying vegetation, stones and boards.

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Order: Ephemeroptera(Mayies)

Wings Two pairs. First pair much larger thansecond pair. Held vertically when at rest.

Mouthparts None

Metamorphosis Incomplete

Dragon yOrder Odonatawing span 3 inches

Several different dragonies exist in Arkansas. Some common names are graydarners, cordulegasters, club-tailed, commondarners. Distinguished by large size andrapid ight; lives about fresh water, feeds onother insects.

Added Note Found near water and are attractedto lights. Have two or three long antennae-like appendages at the end of the abdomen.

Order: Odonata(Dragonies, Damselies)

Wings Two pair

Mouthparts Chewing


Added Notes Two pairs wings same thicknesswith 12 or more cross veins; both pairs wingssame length. Tarsus (foot) with less thanve segments.

Damsel yOrder Odonata

wing span 2 inches

The different damselies are known by thefamily names; found about ponds and streams;adult feeds on soft-bodied insects; nymph issh food.

Order: Orthoptera(Grasshoppers, Crickets)Wings Two pairs (camel crickets are wingless)

Top pair LeatheryBottom pair Membranous and folded undertop pair

Mouthparts Chewing

Metamorphosis Gradual

Camel Cricket

Red-legged Grasshopper

Field Cricket

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Short-horned

GrasshopperOrder Orthopteralength 2 1/4 inches

Tree CricketOrder Orthopteralength 3/4 inch

Several species; delicate, slender, greenish;Commonly seen hopping or ying in grassy lives in weeds, trees, bushes; punctures twigsareas; voracious plant feeder, found world- and branches to deposit eggs.wide. Several species (600 in North America)including differential, red-legged, lessermigratory, clearwinged and several others of lesser abundance.

Long-hornedGrasshopperOrder Orthopteralength 1 1/4 inches

Adult female; pretty, light green, calledmeadow grasshopper; general feeder.Several species including cone-nosed andmeadow grasshopper.

Wingless long-horned hopper; high-archedback like camel; eats plants in dark,

moist places.

Stone or Camel CricketOrder Orthopteralength 4/5 inch

Several species; general foliage feeder;summer singer of Katy did, Katy didnt.

KatydidOrder Orthopteralength 2 1/4 inches

Mole CricketOrder Orthopteralength 1 1/2 inches

Several species. Covered with ne, brown, velvety hairs; burrows, nests in soil nearwater; feeds on plant roots.

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Order: Mantodea(Preying Mantids)

Wings Two pair

Mouthparts Chewing


Added Note Preying mantids have front legswith teeth-like structures for holding prey.The head is quite moveable and mantid canlook over its shoulder. Preying mantids catchand feed upon other insects.

Order: Phasmida(Walkingsticks)

Wings None

Mouthparts Chewing


Added Note The body is long and sticklike andthe wings are usually absent or very reduced.The walkingsticks are slow moving, herbivorous insects that are usually found on trees orshrubs. They are very similar in appearanceto a twig. walkingsticks are able to emit afoul-smelling substance.

Order: Blattaria(Cockroaches)

Wings Two pair

Mouthparts Chewing

American orGerman Cockroach


Added Note Cockroaches have at bodies andtend to be oval shaped. They are fast runnersand usually move about during the night.

Order: Isoptera(Termites)

Wings Two pairs of the same length (workersare wingless)

Mouthparts Chewing


TermiteOrder Isopteralength 1 1/4 inches

Added Note Kings and queens may be collected while swarming, and workers may befound infesting wood. Look under wood onthe ground.

Two pairs of wings same thickness andsturdiness; more than 12 cross veins withboth pairs equal width and length and muchlonger than body; wings milky white in color.

Winged adult, second-generation caste,worker, soldier; live in social colonies; infesthouse timber.

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Order: Dermaptera(Earwigs)

Wings Two pairs

Mouthparts Chewing


Added Note Front pair of wings like thoseof beetles but very short, hind pairmembranous. Have a pair of pincers on end

of abdomen. Found onplants, decayed matterand sometimes in houses.

Reddish-brown; foul odor;nests in decaying matterin greenhouses and

buildings; feeds onorganic material. About20 species are reported inNorth America but alllook very much alike.

Order: Plecoptera(Stoneies)

Wings Two pairs

Mouthparts Chewing


Added Note Found near running streams.

Two pairs wings same thickness with 12 ormore cross veins; second pair wings broaderthan rst pair. Tarsus (foot) with less thanve segments. Length 1/2 to 1 inch.

Several different species (about 300 in North America); vary in color and size. Adult probably eats nothing; immature stages found inaerated water, food for sh.

Order: Neuroptera(Dobsonies, Lacewings, Antlions)

Wings Two pairs, many ne net-like veins

Mouthparts Chewing

Metamorphosis Complete

Dobson yOrder Neuropterawing span 5 1/2 inches

Horned adult; larva, a sh food, called hellgram-mite by anglers; eats other insects.

Added Note Have long antennae. Found nearstreams, at lights or on trees and plants.

Green LacewingOrder Neuropterawing span 1 1/4 inches

AntlionOrder Neuropterawing span 1 inch

Graceful adult; larva, doodlebug, digs pit,partially buries itself in bottom waiting forant victims.

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Order: Phthiraptera(Chewing and Sucking Lice)

Wings None

Mouthparts Chewing and sucking

Metamorphosis None

Added Note Live on birds and to some extent onmammals. Feed on hair, feathers, scales anddried blood.

Cattlebiting Louse

Added Note A suckinglouse. Head narrowand long. Clawspincer-like. Feed

on animals.

Order: Thysanoptera(Thrips)

Wings Two pairs or none

Mouthparts Rasping, sucking


Two pairs of wings, rod-shaped and fringed with very long hairs.

Chicken Body LouseOrder Mallophagalength 3/16 inch

Hog Louse

Light tan to almost black;

found on chickens andother fowl; skin contactserious.

ThripsOrder Thysanopteralength 1/20 inch

Very active, minute insects with piercing,sucking mouth parts; attack all plants.Several species (about 500 in North America)include ower thrips, gladiolus thrips, onion

thrips and others.

Added Note Very small insects, only 1/8 inchlong or less. Feed on many plants.

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Order: Psocoptera(Booklice and Barklice)

Wings Some wingless,some with two pairs

Mouthparts Chewing


Added Note Found in old books and papers oron bark of trees or on damp stored grain.

Wingless; not externalparasites of animals;mouthparts for chewing;no laments or projections on tip of abdomen.

Minute, soft-bodiedinsects found in old booksand damp, dark, unusedrooms. Different species(about 150 inNorth America); varyin size. length 1/16 inch

Order: Hemiptera(True Bugs)

Wings Two pairs. Front pair is half leatheryand half membranous. Hind pair ismembranous.

Mouthparts Piercing, sucking


Hemiptera (true bugs): Two pairs wings; frontwing divided into two distinct sections athick one toward base and a thin one at tip.

Sections are sharply divided and not justtapered. Piercing, sucking mouthparts arisingat front-underside (anterior-ventral) part of head. Tarsus (foot) with two claws if insectis wingless.

Damsel BugOrder Hemipteralength 1/5 inch

Predatory insects on caterpillars and other larvae.

Leaf-footed or Coreid BugOrder Hemipteralength 1/2 to 3/4 inch

Many species include leaf-footed plant bugs,squash bugs and others that resemble these

very closely.

Toad BugOrder Hemipteralength 1/2 inch

Common on muddy stream banks; protectivecolors vary with soils; lives on insects.

Chinch BugOrder Hemipteralength 1/5 inch

Attacks small grain, corn, soybeans, St. Augustinegrass; sucks sap, wilts and kills plants; badodor when mashed.

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Bed BugOrder Hemipteralength 3/16 inch

Feeds primarily on man at night; sometimesfound on caged animals and birds; restsduring day in cracks and dark areas.

Giant Water BugOrder Hemipteralength 2 3/4 inches

Adult, comes to light; ies from pond to pond,living on insects, snails and small sh.

Negro Bug

Order Hemipteralength 1/10 inch

Dark, beetle-like adult; injures celery, corn, wheatand other plants; deposits bad odor.

Stink BugOrder Hemipteralength 3/8 to 1/2 inch

Many species include harlequin bug, green stinkbug, southern green stink bug, rice stink bugand brown stink bug.

Flower BugOrder Hemipteralength 1/6 to 1/5 inch

Several species include insidious ower bug,predaceous ower bug and others. Predatorson eggs and young larvae of caterpillars.

Assassin BugOrder Hempiteralength 1/2 to 1 inch

Several species include wheel bug, maskedhunter, bloodsucking cone nose and others.Mostly predaceous on other insects; fewspecies are bloodsucking.

Lace BugOrder Hemipteralength 1/16 to 1/8 inch

Several species (about 100 in North America);include sycamore, egg plant and other lacebugs. Suck sap on undersides of leaves of shade trees and ornamental plants.

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Water ScorpionOrder Hemipteralength 1 1/2 inches

Adult lives concealed in shallow water; breathesby keeping long tube at water surface.

Water BoatmanOrder Hemipteralength 1 1/2 inches

Lives in ooze, feeds on minute animals at pondbottom; air bubbles surround swimming bodyand glisten like silver.

Plant BugOrder Hemipteralength 1/8 to 1/2 inch

Many species; includes tarnished plant bug, rapid

plant bug, cotton eahopper and others.Flattened bugs suck sap from plants, usuallyterminal growth or rst buds.

Ambush BugOrder Hemipteralength 1/2 inch

Predatory bugs feed on other insects. Severaldifferent species but resemble eachother closely.

Added Note Most live on land but a few live inthe water. Most feed on plant juices, but thereare some which feed on animals and otherswhich feed on other insects.

Order: Homoptera(Aphids, Scales, Leafhoppers, Cicadas)

Wings Two pairs or wingless

Mouthparts Piercing, sucking


Wingless or two pairs of wings, same thickness;piercing-sucking mouthparts arising at backunderside (posterior-ventral) part of head.

AphidOrder Homopteralength 3/32 inch

Minute, soft-bodied, green, red or black insects;attack vegetation; suck plant juice, secretehoneydew. Many species (probably severalhundred in Arkansas); include turnip, peach,wooly, greenbug, corn leaf, apple grain andmany others.

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Disk-shaped specks on tree bark; decreases vigor,causes thin foliage. Many species (more than2,000); include San Jose, scurfy, oystershell,euonymus, obscure, elm, cottony cushionscale, mealybug, lecanium and others.

ScaleOrder Homopteralength 1/12 to 1/2 inch

CicadaOrder Homopteralength 1 1/4 inches

Shrill cry familiar in late summer; several speciesinclude periodical and annual cicada.

PhylloxeraOrder Homoptera

length 1/24 inch

Complicated biology; injures roots and foliagewith galls, causes tissue disintegration.Includes grape and pecan phylloxera.

PsyllidOrder Homopteralength 1/8 inch

Hopping insect resembles winged aphid;carries plant disorder more damaging thanits feeding.

White yOrder Homopteralength 1/25 inch

Snow-white adult and pale-green nymph covermany plants, suck sap, destroy vigor.Species include greenhouse, citrus andother whiteflies.

TreehopperOrder Homopteralength 1/4 inch

Peculiar-shaped, light-green to multi-colored;adult slits bark, depositing eggs; nymph feedson vegetation. Several species in Arkansas.

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Spittlebug or FroghopperOrder Homopteralength 1/4 inch

Several different species; attack legumes, treesand shrubs; feeds in frothy mass of sap.

LeafhopperOrder Homopteralength 1/8 to 3/8 inch

Many species; vary in color; include potatoleafhopper, bean leafhopper and others. Sucks

juices from plants, causes hopper burn; foundon underside of leaves, transmits many of theplant virus diseases.

Order: Coleoptera(Beetles)

Wings Two pairsFront pair Hard and shell-like

Hind pair MembranousMouthparts Chewing


Added Note Two pairs of wings; front wingshard and strong, forming a shell on the backand divided by thin line down the center;mouthparts for chewing.

Ground BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 to 1 inch

Very large number of species (more than 2,500 inUnited States); with wide variation in color,size and shape. Very common everywhere;feed on other insects.

Tiger BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/2 to 3/4 inch

Several species are known; all are bright metalliccolored; found in dry sandy elds andbeaches. Predatory on other insects.

Water Scavenger BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1 1/2 inch

Many species may be collected. Common in quietpools; swims or crawls on plant life; feeds ondecaying material in water.

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Carrion BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches

Several species in Arkansas; vary in size andcolor. Buries dead animals in which eggs aredeposited; adult, larva feed on decayinganimal matter.

Rove Beetles AttackingCabbage MaggotOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 to 1 inch

Several species (more than 1,000); black adults;feed on y maggots; common about decaying

animal or vegetable matter.

Dermestid BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 3/16 to 1/3 inch

Several species in Arkansas; includes carpetbeetles that feed on woolen materialand larder beetles, a pest of meat andanimal products.

Flatheaded BorerOrder Coleopteralength 1/2 to 1 inch

Several species in Arkansas; wood boring insects;adult metallic colored; includes atheadedapple tree borer.

Click BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches

Many species (more than 500 in North America); vary in size and color. Make clicking noise when placed on back; occur onflowers, under bark and on vegetation.Larvae are wireworms.

Powderpost BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/8 to 1/2 inch

Several different species (about eight); feed inwood and lumber. Adults are slender andleave holes in flooring and furniturewhen emerging.

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Leaf ChaferOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 to 1/2 inch

Many species in this group; include Japanesebeetle, rose chafer and grape beetle. Most aremetallic colored and found feeding on plants.

May BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 to 3/4 inch

Many different species (150 in the United States)of May beetles. To this group belong the lightto dark brown beetles collecting around lightsat night.

Dung BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 to 1 inch

Many species in Arkansas; most are black butsome are metallic green. Found feeding ondung. Most common species are foundrolling ball of dung prior to burying it inthe ground.

Rhinoceros BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1 to 2 1/2 inches

Several species in Arkansas; brown to gray withblack markings; includes the unicorn beetle,elephant beetle and rhinoceros beetle.

Darkling BeetleOrder Coleoptera

length 1/4 to 3 inches

The many species (about 1,400 in North America)are mostly plant feeders found cutting off seedlings at soil line; confused our beetle isa grain pest.

Whirligig BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 3/4 inch

Groups spin or dart rapidly on still water; someemit uid with disagreeable odor; feed onaquatic creatures.

Blister BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/2 to 3/4 inch

Many species (about 300 in North America)include striped, margined, black, ash gray andothers. All resemble each other in appearancethough they vary in color. Feed on various

vegetables and eld crops.

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Carrot BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 5/8 inch

Adult feeds on corn and celery stalks, potato andcarrot roots; larva is scavenger.

Lady BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/16 to 1/4 inch

Many species in Arkansas; include black ladybeetle, two-spotted lady beetle, convergentlady beetle and others that feed on otherinsects. Mexican bean beetle and squash ladybeetle feed on plants.

Long-horned BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/3 to 1 1/2 inches

Many species (over 1,500 in the United States);include locust borer, cottonwood borer,prionus, twig girdler, sawyer beetle andothers. Found around living trees in the barkcrevices where they lay eggs. Larvae areround-headed borers.

Saw-toothed Grain BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/10 inch

Beetle often found in stored food and dry organicmatter; adult and larva serious pests.

CadelleOrder Coleopteralength 1/3 inch

Found in granaries, mills, ships, railroad cars;attacks stored grain, other dry food products;larva often bores woodwork.

Cigarette or Tobacco BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/3 inch

Adult light brown; serious pest to tobacco andinfests other stored products; widespread.

Drugstore BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/10 inch

Adult reddish brown, named for serious feedingon pharmaceutical drugs; infests most dryplant and animal products.

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Fire y or Lightning BugOrder Coleopteralength 1/2 inch

Elongate, attish; appears at night; both sexesemit light; larva called glowworm.

Giant Stag BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 2 inches

Mandibles resemble stag antlers; nightier; attracted to lights; larva lives indecaying wood.

Flower BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 to 3/4 inch

Several species, most common of which is thegreen June beetle and the bumble-owerbeetle. These are found feeding on pollenor very ripe fruit or decaying fruit orplant material.

Flea BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/16 to 1/4 inch

Several different species in Arkansas, includingstriped ea beetle, grape ea beetle, potato eabeetle; adult jumps about, feeding on foliage,severely damaging plant; larva feeds on roots.

Grape ColaspisOrder Coleopteralength 1/6 inch

Adult ies about crops, feeds on foliage; grub,root-feeder; also known as clover rootworm.

Colorado Potato Beetleor Potato BugOrder Coleopteralength 3/8 inch

Yellow and black striped adult; larva reddishorange soft bug; feed on potato vines,other plants.

Tortoise Beetle orGold BugOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 inch

Turtle-shaped adult and thorny larva feed onsweet potato foliage, morningglory, bindweed.

Spotted CucumberBeetle

Order Coleopteralength 1/4 inch

Yellowish green, black-spotted; attacks manyplants; larva bores roots and undergroundstems.

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Striped Cucumber Beetle


Adult general foliage-feeder, spreads disease;larva mines plant roots and stems.

Bean Leaf BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/6 inch

Reddish, yellowish adult eats holes in leaves;larva feeds on roots.

Asparagus BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 inch

Cream, bluish-black, red adult deposits eggs onplant stems; larva feeds on, stains asparagus.

Shot-hole Borer


Ambrosia BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/8 inch

Several species; female tunnels oak; growsambrosia fungi for food; keeps larva underprotective care.

Bark BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 inch

One of the most destructive groups of insectsattacking coniferous trees; includes southernpine beetle, black turpentine beetle; minesunder bark; many transmit fungi.

Engraver BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/5 inch

Bark beetle; several species; include Ips sp.; layeggs in inner bark tunnels, where larvadevelop and feed.

Bean WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 1/8 inch

Beetle deposits eggs in twigs, branches; larva Adult appears on plants, depositing eggs; larvatunnels with grain or wood, exit holes look feeds on beans in eld and in storage.like shot-holes.

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Pea WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 1/5 inch

One of worst pests to peas; dark brown orblackish adult feeds on leaves; larva developsin growing pods.

Vegetable WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 3/8 inch

Spotted, grayish adult damages foliage of manyplants; grub feeds on plant roots.

White-fringed BeetleOrder Coleopteralength 1/2 inch

General plant feeder in southeast United States;no males; larva or grub serious pest toplant roots.

Clover Leaf WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 5/16 inch

Cowpea Curculio orPod WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 inch

Hump-backed weevil damages beans, cowpeas,seedling cotton, strawberries; grub developsin green seeds.

Rice Water WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 1/8 inch

Adult feeds on leaves; larva tunnels and feedson roots.

Rice WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 1/8 inch

Attacks corn in field and many stored grainproducts; many generations a year possible.

Sweet Potato WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 inch

Bad pest of sweet potato; blue-black and redadult feeds on leaves, stems; grubhoneycombs tubers in eld and storage.

In dry seasons may destroy alfalfa plantings;larva curves body with head and tailalmost touching.

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Strawberry Crown BorerOrder Coleopteralength 1/5 inch

Larva tunnels through strawberry crowns,stunting or killing plants.

Strawberry WeevilOrder Coleoptera

length 1/8 inch

Damages strawberries, other plants; feeds in budsand stems, causing fruit reduction.

Nut WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 5/16 inch

Several species attack different nuts; long,curving beak bores in nut, deposits eggssingly; maggot-like larva forms on kernel.

Boll WeevilOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 inch

Serious pest to United States cotton; gruband beetle feed on squares, bolls orterminal buds.

Plum CurculioOrder Coleopteralength 1/4 inch

Pest of stone fruits, apple; adult feeds on fruit,foliage; grub feeds inside fruit.

Order: Mecoptera(Scorpionies)

Scorpion y

Wings Two pairs,Order Mecoptera

long and narrowlength 1 inch

Mouthparts Chewing


Added Note Mouthparts at the end of long,broad snout. Found on low vegetation indense woods or sometimes in open elds.

Two pairs of wings, same thickness with 12 ormore cross veins; tarsus (foot) with ve segments; head prolonged into a long beak.Hangs suspended by fore legs from rankherbage; hind and fore legs catch livinginsects. Found along shaded streams and in

damp woods; feeds on dead or injured insects.

Order: Trichoptera(Caddisies)

Wings Two pairs

Mouthparts Chewing


Added Note Wings covered withshort hairs and held roof-like overbody when at rest. Found nearwater.

Two pairs of wings alike in thickness, withless than 12 cross veins. Front pair of wingsas small or smaller than back pair.Mouthparts small and inconspicuous.Distinguished from moths by having hairsinstead of scales on wings.

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Order: Lepidoptera(Butteries, Moths, Skippers)

Wings Two pairs

Mouthparts Siphoning


Two pairs of wings alike in thickness; wings orwing veins clothed with scales appearing asdust when roughly handled.

BollwormLepidopterawing span 1 1/2 inches

Yellowish to brownish; larva infests many plants;known also as corn earworm, tomato fruitworm, tobacco budworm.

CutwormOrder Lepidopterawing span 2 inches

Several species in Arkansas; night-ying mothsattracted to lights; varying colors; larva cutsplants off near soil surface.

Green CloverwormOrder Lepidopterawing span 1 1/4 inches

ArmywormOrder Lepidopterawing span 1 1/2 inches

Pale brown or brownish-gray with white dot infront wing center; larva very destructive.

Stalk BorerOrder Lepidopterawing span 2 inches

Several different stalk borers; include lesserstalk borer, European corn borer and southwestern corn borer. Caterpillar bores intostems, feeding on heart of plant; migratesabout field.

Diamondback MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 5/8 inch

About 50 species in North America; gray; malefore wings yellow-striped to form diamondshapes; larva is plant-feeder.

Fall WebwormOrder Lepidopterawing span 1 1/4 inches

Dark brown moth; slender, greenish larva attacks Hairy caterpillar, spins dirty-white web on shadelegumes and other crops. trees and shrubs, feeding on foliage.

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Forest Tent Caterpillar orForest ArmywormOrder Lepidopterawing span 3 1/2 inches

Larva defoliates many shade and forest trees.

CankerwormOrder Lepidopterawing span 1 1/4 inches

Male moth, wingless female; larva feeds on fruitand other trees; spring cankerworm issimilar species.

Sphinx MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 2 to 4 inches

Several species include tomato hornworm, tobaccohornworm, catalpa sphinx and others. Adultsfeed on nectar from owers. Resemblehummingbirds when ying early at night.

Oriental Fruit MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 3/8 inch

Attacks peach, apple, other fruit trees; earlylarvae tunnel twigs; later ones feed in fruit.

Codling MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 3/4 inch

Most important pest of apple; larva feeds in fruituntil full-grown.

Clearwing MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 1 1/4 inches

About 100 species in North America; wings havetransparent areas; larva chews into woodyplant parts; includes peach tree borer andgrape root borer.

Apple Leaf SkeletonizerOrder Lepidopterawing span 1/2 inch

Late summer and early fall injury to trees bydark green, active caterpillar feeding in web.

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Grape Berry MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 2/5 inch

Larva spins silken web over grape clusters; feedsin and destroys grape berries.

Redbanded Leaf RollerOrder Lepidopterawing span 3/4 inch

Early larvae roll leaves and spin slight webs;later generations attack fruit.

Angoumois Grain MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 1/2 inch

Weathered straw-colored adult; larva, dangerouscommon pest, infests grains in eld, storage.

Mediterranean Flour MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 1 inch

Indianmeal MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 3/4 inch

Pest of stored foods, grain; larva spins silkentubes through meal, dried fruits andother products.

Melonworm orPicklewormOrder Lepidopteralength 1 1/4 inches

Translucent, yellowish-green larva feeds onleaves, fruit of cucurbits; adult, iridescent,pearly-white, black-bordered.

Pistol CasebearerOrder Lepidopterawing span 1/2 inch

Brown worm enclosed in curved, silken case; eatsholes in leaves, buds and fruits of apple, pear,cherry, plum, other trees.

Clothes MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 1/2 inch

Larva prefers our and meal, attacks other Adult ies about, depositing eggs; larvae feed onfoodstuff; webs masses of our in mills. fabrics, some forming webs, some cases.

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Promethea MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 4 inches

Giant silkworm; reddish-brown, whitish andblack lines, clay-colored margin; cocoonscommon sight in trees.

Cecropia MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 7 inches

Pale green, red and yellow larva feeds on foliageof apple, other trees and shrubs.

Gypsy MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 2 inches

Serious pest of evergreen and deciduous trees;larva strips foliage, often killing trees.

Regal MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 5 inches

Luna MothOrder Lepidopterawing span 4 1/2 inches

Favorite with amateur collectors; delicate lightgreen with purple-brown band andtransparent-center eyelike spots.

Black WitchOrder Lepidopterawing span 6 inches

Night-ying moth attracted by lights; eyes shinein darkness; larva feeds on tree leaves.

Tiger Swallowtail Butter yOrder Lepidopterawing span 5 inches

Magnicent, tail-like edges on hind wings; blackmarked with yellow, blue or green.

Zebra Swallowtail Butter

yOrder Lepidopterawing span 3 1/2 inches

Magnicent royal moth; olive, yellow, red, orange- Black wings are crossed by several bands of

red; larva, hickory horned devil, feeds on greenish-white; larva feeds on pawpaw.

leaves of trees and shrubs.

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Monarch Butter yOrder Lepidopterawing span 4 inches

Ruddy brown, black-bordered; white-spotted;larva feeds on milkweed; distasteful to birds.

Viceroy Butter yOrder Lepidopterawing span 3 inches

Orange to cinnamon with black, white-spotted;mimics monarch in detail, perhaps forprotection.

Great Spangled FritillaryOrder Lepidopterawing span 4 inches

Tawny, black-checkered, silvery-spotted; Latinname means dice box; larva feeds onpassion owers.

Painted LadyOrder Lepidopterawing span 2 1/4 inches

Dark brownish-black, orange; eyelike spots onhind wings; larva feeds on composite plants.

Cabbage Butter yOrder Lepidopterawing span 1 1/4 inches

One of the most common butteries; wingsare dull-white with black spots; larva isplant feeder.

Clouded Sulphur orRoadside Butter yOrder Lepidopterawing span 2 inches

Pale greenish-yellow, blackish-brown border;underside sulphur-yellow; found inmuddy places.

Larva feeds on orange tree, prickly ash foliage;red, protruding horns, emit bad odor.

OrangedogOrder Lepidopterawing span 5 inches

Red Admiral

Order Lepidopterawing span 2 1/4 inches

Purplish-black, bright orange band, white spots;larva feeds on certain tree leaves.

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Giant SkipperOrder Lepidopterawing span 3 inches

Daytime ier with rapid, darting ight; restswings vertically; larva, stem-borer.

MourningcloakButter yOrder Lepidopterawing span 2 3/4 inches

Purplish-brown, yellow border, brown and blue

spotted; larva feeds on tree leaves, known tostrip large branches.

Order: Diptera(Flies, Mosquitoes, Midges)

Wings One pair

Mouthparts Piercing, sucking or sponging


One pair of wings, membranous, similar tocellophane in appearance.

MosquitoOrder Dipteralength 3/16 to 3/8 inch

Many species (more than 100 in United States),include rice eld, southern house, malaria,yellow fever, salt-marsh and others. Larvaelive in water; adult females suck blood for food.

Crane FlyOrder Dipteralength 1/2 to 2 inches

Many different species; resembles large mosquito.Found in damp, dark places, around water orin windows of houses; some come to lights.

Soldier FlyOrder Dipteralength 3/4 inch

Adult widespread; larva may invade human body,causing intestinal myiasis.

Cheese SkipperOrder Dipteralength 3/16 inch

Shiny y; larva infests meat, cheese, other foods;bends body double to leap; world-wide.

Tachinid FlyOrder Dipteralength 1/4 to 3/8 inch

Many species in Arkansas; parasitic onother insects.

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March FlyOrder Dipteralength 1/2 inch

Several species; adults common in early spring;y in swarms; larva feeds on decaying matteror grass roots.

Window-pane FlyOrder Dipteralength 3/16 inch

Often found around windows of mills andwarehouses; preys on stored-grain insects.

Robber FlyOrder Dipteralength 1 to 2 inches

Many species (more than 500 in North America);large, erce y capable of fast ight; adult,larva feed on insects including large species.

Bee FlyOrder Dipteralength 1/2 inch

Adult feeds on ower nectar; about 500 speciesknown in United States; rests on sunnypaths, sticks or stones; larva feeds on insects.

Black Fly, Turkey orBuffalo GnatOrder Dipteralength 1/5 inch

Several species in Arkansas; small, dark-coloredies with short legs and hump-backedappearance; larvae live in water; femaleadults suck blood and are serious pests of livestock in some areas of Arkansas.

MidgeOrder Dipteralength 2/5 inch

Many species in the United States; appearancelike very small mosquito. All live aroundwater or in mud; some species, like thepunkies, suck blood. These are very annoyingin Arkansas in early morning and eveningduring spring.

Seedcorn MaggotOrder Dipteralength 1/4 inch

Legless, yellowish-white grub with tough skin;severely damages seedlings; grows intoadult y.

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Blow FlyOrder Dipteralength 5/16 inch

Many species including green-bottle fly andblue-bottle fly. Many are metallic green orblue in color. Flesh flies are black withstripes. Larvae live in carrion or decayinganimals. Screwworm fly is parasitic andlives in living flesh.

Hessian FlyOrder Dipteralength 1/8 inch

Wheat, barley, rye are preferred food; legless,headless maggots feed on plant sap.

Sheep Bot FlyOrder Dipteralength 1/2 inch

Adult deposits larvae in nose of sheep and goats,maggots develop in sinus area.

Horse Bot FlyOrder Dipteralength 2/3 inch

Adult annoys livestock by buzzing ight; larvalives in digestive tract of livestock.

Sheep Tick,Louse Fly or KedOrder Dipteralength 1/4 inch

Wingless y; lives in eece of host, sucking bloodthrough skin; attacks goats, sheep.

House FlyOrder Dipteralength 1/4 inch

Common in dwellings nation-wide; deposits eggsin manure; disease carrier.

Horn FlyOrder Dipteralength 3/16 inch

Annoying, bloodsucking pest of cattle; depositseggs in fresh cattle droppings.

Stable FlyOrder Dipteralength 1/4 inch

Looks like house y; attacks animals and man;bites, especially on legs.

Horse Fly and Deer FlyOrder Dipteralength 1/2 to 1 1/4 inches

Many species (about 300 in North America);attacks man and animals in woods ormarshes; painful bite.

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Cattle Grub, Heel or Warble FlyOrder Dipteralength 7/16 inch

Adult deposits eggs on cattle hairs; maggots livein body, bore out back, fall to ground, pupatein soil.

Order: Siphonaptera(Fleas)

Wings None

Mouthparts Piercing,sucking


Added Note Live on animals. Collect them bydusting a cat or dog with pyrethrum powderand place the animal over a white cloth. Fleaswill drop off on cloth.

Wingless; external parasites of birds andmammals; body strongly compressed fromside to side; legs tted for jumping.

Several species (about 1,100 known worldwide); adult bites dogs, cats, man; common;may infest dwellings.

Order: Hymenoptera(Bees, Wasps, Ants)

Wings Two pairs. Worker ants are wingless.

Mouthparts Chewing


Two pairs of wings the same thickness with lessthan 12 cross veins; rst pair of wings largerthan second and mouthparts well developed.

Saw yOrder Hymenopteralength 1/2 to 1 1/2 inches

Many species of sawies in Arkansas, includingweb-spinning sawies, pine sawies, horntails,wood wasps, stem sawies, sawy leaf minersand others.

Honey BeeOrder Hymenopteralength 3/4 inch

Builds nest in hollow trees or man-providedhives; collects pollen, produces honey, pollinatesmany crops.

Mud DauberOrder Hymenopteralength 1 1/2 inches

Several species in Arkansas; vary in color. Makesmud nest on lower surface of stones or buildings;feeds young on spiders or caterpillars.

Bumble BeeOrder Hymenopteralength 1 1/2 inches

Social family with queen, workers, males;queen often builds in deserted ground nests of mice; pollinators.

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Parasitic WaspOrder Hymenopteralength 3/4 to 1 1/2 inches

Many species (more than 6,000) which areparasites on other insects. Some are very tiny

parasitizing aphids and some are largeparasitizing wood borers.

Wingless Wasp or Velvet AntOrder Hymenopteralength 1 1/3 inches

Several species in Arkansas; most clothed in velvet-like hairs; guest or parasite in nests of

wasps or bees; strong stinger.

Baldfaced HornetOrder Hymenopteralength 1 inch

Builds large, grayish, paper nest on tree limbsand buildings; feeds on insects; vicious stinger.

YellowjacketOrder Hymenopteralength 1 1/4 inches

Sphecoid WaspOrder Hymenopteralength 3/4 inch

Many species; nest builder in earth or dead wood;provisions nest with paralyzed insects or spiders.

Carpenter BeeOrder Hymenopteralength 3/16 inch

Resembles bumble bee; builds solitary nest inwood or hollow stems; pollinates plants.

AntOrder Hymenoptera

length 1/32 to 1/2 inch

Many different ants are common in Arkansasincluding carpenter ant, Pharaoh ant, southernfire ant, imported fire ant, harvester antand others.

Builds paperlike nest in ground; feeds and raisesyoung on other insects; has painful sting.

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I d i f h f C i E i k A f M 8 d J 30 1914 i i i h h U S D f A i l

insect collecting

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