indian minerals yearbook 2013 -...

6-1

FERRO-ALLOYS

Indian Minerals Yearbook 2013

(Part- II : Metals & Alloys)

52nd Edition

FERRO-ALLOYS

(ADVANCE RELEASE)

GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF MINES

INDIAN BUREAU OF MINES

Indira Bhavan, Civil Lines, NAGPUR 440 001

PHONE/FAX NO. (0712) 2565471

PBX : (0712) 2562649, 2560544, 2560648 E-MAIL : [email protected]

Website: www.ibm.gov.in

December, 2014

6-2

FERRO-ALLOYS

Ferro-alloys are one of the important inputsin the manufacture of alloys and specialsteel. Ferro-alloys impart special properties tosteel. The alloys provide increased resistance tocor ros ion , improves hardness and tens i lestrength at high temperature, gives wear andabrasion resistance and increases creep strengthetc. The growth of Ferro-alloys Industry is, thus,linked with the development of the Iron and SteelIndustry, Foundry Industry and to some extentElectrode Industry. The principal ferro-alloysare chromium, manganese and silicon. Theproduc t se r ies cons i s t s main ly o f fe r ro-manganese, silico-manganese, ferro-silicon andferro-chrome.

Ferro-alloys are classified into two maincategories, viz, bulk ferro-alloys and nobleferro- alloys. Due to high cost of power, Ferro-alloys Industry has not been oprating to its fullcapacity in India. Ferro-alloys Industry spends 40to 70% production cost on power consumption.The power consumption per tonne of ferro-alloys production in the country varied from3,000 to 12,000 kWh.

At present, major portion of the ferro-alloysproduced is exported. Ferro-manganese, silico-manganese, ferro-silicon, high carbon ferro-chrome and charge-chrome are exported aftermeeting the domestic requirements. India hassufficient raw materials of good quality, highly-skil led technical manpower and the latestequipment technology for production of ferro-alloys.

INDUSTRY, PRODUCTION,DEVELOPMENT AND

CONSUMPTIONAs per Indian Ferro-Alloys Producers '

Association (IFAPA), the total installed capacityof bu lk fe r ro -a l loys Indus t ry in Ind ia i sestimated at 5.15 million tonnes per annum andfor noble ferro-alloys it is 50,000 tonnes perannum. The Industry is reported to be working atabout 60-65% capacity utilisation.The details aregiven in Table -1.

6 Ferro-alloys

Table 1 : Capacity of Ferro-alloys

Industry in India

(In tonnes per annum)

Ferro-alloy Installed

capacity

Total 5150000

Bulk Ferro-alloys: 5100000

Manganese alloys 3160000

Chrome alloys 1690000

Ferro-silicon 250000

Noble Ferro-alloys: 50000

Source:Indian Ferro-Alloys Producers' Association (IFAPA),

Mumbai.

The Ferro-alloys Industry was established as

an ancillary industry to cater to the growing

needs of the domestic Steel Industry and is

spread all over the country. Most of the ferro-

alloys units have been set up in Andhra Pradesh,

Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya

Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha and West Bengal

because of availabili ty of the raw material .

Recently, the Industry has further spread to the

North-Eastern Region of India. In Meghalaya, a

number of small units producing ferro-silicon

and ferro-silico-manganese have come up. The

production of various ferro-alloys, as reported

by IFAPA is given in Table-2.

The ferro-alloys units have incorporated

the la test technology in order to use non-

meta l lu rg ica l g rade ores , bo th lumps and

f ines , a f te r necessary benef ic ia t ion and

agglomeration. The units have also incorporated

an ef fec t ive pol lu t ion cont ro l measures in

the form of gas cleaning, deoxidising and waste

heat recovery.

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FERRO-ALLOYS

BULK FERRO-ALLOYS

Bulk ferro-alloys consist of principal alloys,

viz, ferro-manganese, silico-manganese, ferro-

chrome, charge-chrome and ferro-silicon.The

production of different kind of ferro-alloys were

not received from IFAPA as well as from other

sources. Hence could not be updated inTable-2.

However, the data received from JPC for some

of the ferro-alloys as well as partial coverage

f rom fe r ro-a l loys have been publ i shed in

Month ly S ta t i s t i cs o f Minera l Produc t ion

(MSMP) - March,2013 is being reproduced in

Table-2 (A). It is to be noted that the data

coverage in Table-2 (A) is partial and does not

reflect the actual production of ferro-alloys.

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Production of Bulk Ferro-Alloys2006-07 to 2011-12

Fe-Mn Si-Mn Fe-Cr * Fe-Si

* Including charge chrome

Table 2 : Production of Ferro-alloys, 2009-10 to 2011-12(In tonnes)

Ferro-alloy 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Total (A) + (B) 2493633 2796913 3000397

A) Bulk Ferro-alloys 2462775 2762918 2958784

HC Ferro-manganese 341883 388079 427415

MC Ferro-manganese 8222 7625 12386

LC Ferro-manganese 6018 6313 6932

Silico-manganese 1066485 1193874 1418844

MC Silico-manganese 24108 24068 33662

LC Silico-manganese 25454 24197 25897

Ferro-silicon 97682 115164 127092

HC Ferro-chrome/charge-chrome 890916 1001582 902840

LC Ferro-chrome 2007 2016 3716

B) Noble Ferro-alloys 30858 33995 41613

Ferro-molybdenum 2822 3090 4362

Ferro-vanadium 1389 1521 2459 Ferro-tungsten 150 150 225

Ferro-silico-magnesium 17132 19079 24452

Ferro-aluminium 7017 7538 7393

Ferro-silico-zirconium 120 118 130

Ferro-titanium 1929 2172 2217

Ferro-boron 90 90 103

Ferro-nickel-magnesium 209 237 272

Note: HC: High carbon MC: Medium carbon LC: Low carbonSource: Indian Ferro-Alloys Producers' Association (IFAPA), Mumbai.

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FERRO-ALLOYS

Table 2 (A) : Production of Ferro-alloys, 2011-12 and 2012-13(In tonnes)

Ferro-alloy 2011-12 2012-13

A) Bulk Ferro-alloys

Ferro-manganese 5 1 7 0 0 0 5 1 8 0 0 0

Silico-manganese 201066 2 3 6 5 4 1

Ferro-silicon 8 9 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 0

Ferro-chrome/charge-chrome 9 4 3 0 0 0 9 4 4 0 0 0

B) Noble Ferro-alloys

Ferro-molybdenum 1 0 5 8 1 0 7 6

Ferro-vanadium 6 9 5 7 9 6

Ferro-tungsten NA N A

Ferro-silico-magnesium 1 9 4 9 1 1 9 2 0 5

Ferro-aluminium 5 8 5 0 4 9 3 5

Ferro-silico-zirconium N A N A

Ferro-t i tanium 5 9 4 6 2 9

Ferro-boron 9 2 4 2

Source: Monthly Statistics of Mineral Production (MSMP), IBM. March,2013

Ferro-manganese/Silico-manganeseFerro-manganese is produced as high carbon

ferro-manganese with 72-82% Mn, 6-8% C and1.5% Si, medium carbon ferro-manganese with 74-82% Mn, 1-3% C and 1.5% Si, and lowcarbon ferro-manganese with 80-85% Mn, 0.1-0.7% C and 1-2% Si. Manganese in the form offerro-manganese is added for hardening anddesulphurisation of steel. Nav Bharat FerroAl loys L td , Pa loncha , Andhra Pradesh ;Chha t t i sgarh Elec t r ic i ty Co . L td , Ra ipur,Chhattisgarh; Indsil Energy & Electro ChemicalsLtd , Raipur, Chhat t i sgarh; Ispat Godavar i ,Raigarh, Chhattisgarh; Monet Ispat Ltd, Raipur,Chhattisgarh; Union Ferro, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh;Prakash Indust r ies , Raigarh , Chhat t i sgarh;Tirumala Balaj i Al loys Pvt . Ltd, Raigarh,Chhattisgarh; Vandana Global Ltd, Raipur,Chhattisgarh; SAL Steels Ltd, Gandhidham,Gujarat; Anjaneya Ferro Alloys Ltd, Mihijam,Jharkhand; Gautam Ferro Alloys Ltd, Ramgarh,Jharkhand; Shivam Iron & Steel Co. Pvt. Ltd,Giridih, Jharkhand; Sandur Manganese & Iron

Ores Ltd, Sandur, Karnataka; Indsil ElectromeltLtd, Palakkad, Kerala; Chandrapur Ferro AlloysPlant (formerly Maharashtra Electrosmelt Ltd),Chandrapur, Maharashtra; Nagpur Power Ind.Ltd, Kanhan, Maharashtra; Natural Sugar &Allied Ind. Ltd, Osmanabad, Maharashtra;Adhunik Meghalaya Steels Pvt. Ltd, Bymihat,Megha laya ; Megha laya Sova I spa t L td ,Meghalaya; Shyam Century Ltd, Meghalaya; TataSteel Ltd, Joda, Odisha; Bhaskar Shrachi AlloysLtd, Durgapur, West Bengal ; Cosmic FerroAlloys Pvt. Ltd, Bankura, West Bengal; DayalFerro Alloys Ltd, Ramgarh, West Bengal; HaldiaSteels Ltd, Burdwan, West Bengal; Impex FerroTech Ltd, Burdwan, West Bengal; Maithan AlloysLtd, Burdwan, West Bengal; Modern India Con-Cast Ltd, Birhampur, West Bengal; Sharp FerroAlloys Ltd, Durgapur, West Bengal; Shri GayatriMinerals Ltd, Bishnupur, West Bengal; ShyamFerro alloys Ltd, Burdwan, West Bengal; andSova Ispat Ltd, Durgapur, West Bengal are themajor producers of ferro-manganese/silico-manganese.

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FERRO-ALLOYS

Silico-manganese, a combination of 60-70%

manganese, 10-20% silicon and 20% carbon is

used as subs t i tu te fo r low carbon fe r ro-

manganese in the Steel Industry. It consumes

around 4,750 to 5,250 kWh power per tonne of

silico-manganese produced. Silico-manganese

has emerged as a more important alloy than

ferro-manganese. The country, thus, has emerged

as a leading producer of silico-manganese.

Silico-manganese was also produced by a number

of small-scale ferro-alloy producers.

The total production of ferro-manganese in

2010-11 was about 402,017 tonnes which

increased to about 446,733 tonnes in 2011-12.

Consumption of ferro-manganese was reported at

123,900 tonnes in 2012-13. The production of

silico-manganese (including medium carbon &

low carbon silico mangenese) which was about

1 ,242 ,139 tonnes in 2010-11 inc reased to

1,478,403 tonnes in 2011-12 In 2012-13, the

total consumption of silico-manganese by all

industries has been reported at 217,700 tonnes.

Ferrro-chrome/Charge-chrome

Ferro-chrome when added to steel imparts

hardness, strength and augments its stainless

characteristics. Carbon content classifies the

ferro-chrome alloy into high carbon (6-8%),

medium carbon (3-4%) and low carbon (1.5-3%),

al though chromium content in al l the three

grades is around 60-70%. Around 2.5 tonnes

chrome ore , wi th an es t imated power

consumption of 4 ,500 kWh is required to

produce one tonne of ferro-chrome.

FACOR Alloys Ltd, Garividi, Andhra Pradesh;

GMR Technologies & Ind. Ltd, Srikakulam,

Andhra Pradesh; Jindal Steel & Power Ltd,

Raigarh, Chhattisgarh; Standard Chrome Ltd,

Raigarh, Chhattisgarh; SAL Steel, Kachchh-Bhuj,

Gujarat; Balasore Alloys Ltd, Balasore, Odisha;

IDCOL Ferro Chrome Plant, Jajpur Road, Odisha;

Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd, Therubali,

Odisha; Jindal Stainless Ltd, Duburi, Odisha;

Nava Bharat Ferro Alloys Ltd, Dhenkanal, Odisha;

Utkal Manufacturing Services Ltd, Choudhwar,

Odisha; Rawat Ferro Alloys, Cuttack, Odisha;

Rohit Ferro Tech. P. Ltd, Bishnupur, West Bengal

and Sri Vasavi Ind. Ltd, Bishnupur, West Bengal

are the major ferro-chrome producers. A sizeable

quantity is also produced by units in the small-

scale sector.

Tata Steel Ltd, FACOR and Indian Metals &

Ferro Alloys Ltd, (IMFA) the three major producers

of charge-chrome in the country are 100% export-

oriented, having a total capacity of 182,500 tpy. Tata

Steel with its charge-chrome plant at Bamnipal,

Odisha, has a capacity of 55,000 tpy. FACOR has a

capacity of 65,000 tpy charge-chrome at its Randia

Plant, Bhadrak district, Odisha. Indian Metals &

Ferro Alloys Ltd, (IMFA), Cuttack district, Odisha

has an installed capacity of 62,500 tpy.

The production of high carbon ferro-chrome/

charge-chrome which was 1,001,582 tonnes in

2010-11 decreased to 902,840 tonnes in 2011-12.

The production of low carbon ferro chrome was

3716 tonnes in 2011-12.The consumption of ferro-

chrome in 2012-13 was reported at 286,900

tonnes.

Ferro-silicon

Ferro-silicon contains about 75-90% silicon

and minor amounts of iron, carbon, etc. It is

produced by using quartzite, iron ore, coke and

e lec t rode pas te . Around 1 .75 to 2 tonnes

quartzite is required to produce one tonne of

ferro-s i l icon. A very high consumption of

power, i.e., 9,000 to 10,000 kWh is required to

produce one tonne ferro-silicon. It is a powerful

deoxidising agent and its major applications are

in electrical steel used for transformers and

dynamos, alloy steel for tools & automobile

valves and in iron casting and mineral dressing.

6-6

FERRO-ALLOYS

Bhara t Al loys & Energy Ltd , Kurnool ,

Andhra Pradesh; VBC Ferro Alloys, Medak,

Andhra Pradesh; SMS Smelters Ltd, Lekhi,

Arunachal Pradesh; Visvesvaraya Iron & Steel

Plant, Bhadravati, Karnataka; Silical Metallurgic

Pvt. Ltd, Palakkad, Kerala; Jayantia Alloys,

Meghalaya and Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd,

Therubali, Odisha are the major producers of

ferro-silicon. Small-scale producers of ferro-

silicon are also in operation in Kerala and Tamil

Nadu. In Meghalaya, three units have sprung up

that produce ferro-silicon.

The production of ferro-silicon which was

around 115,164 tonnes in 2010-11 increased to

127 ,092 tonnes in 2011-12 . The domes t ic

consumption of ferro-silicon in the organised

sector was 41,800 tonnes in 2012-13.

NOBLE FERRO-ALLOYSNoble fer ro-a l loys are one of the v i ta l

additive inputs required especially in production

of alloy and special steel. Noble ferro-alloys

also refer to alloys used in small quantities and

are relatively expensive compared to bulk ferro-

alloys. These are used in the production of steel

as deoxidant and alloying agents.

These h igh tempera ture a l loys impar t

s t rength , res i s tance and s tab i l i ty wi th in a

temperature range from 260 to 1200o C. These

alloys are used generally in turbine engines,

power plants, furnaces and all pollution control

equipment. Noble ferro-alloys include ferro-

vanadium, ferro-titanium, ferro-nickel, ferro-

molybdenum, ferro-tungsten and ferro-niobium.

In Ind ia , nob le fe r ro-a l loys a re mos t ly

manufactured through alumino-thermic process.

Ferro-nickelProduction of ferro-nickel was not reported

in the organised sector. However, production of

237 tonnes & 272 tonnes o f fe r ro-n icke l -

magnesium was reported in 2010-11 and 2011-

12, respectively. The consumption of ferro-

nickel in 2012-13 was 2,235 tonnes.

Ferro-molybdenumThere were five important units, namely,

Mehra Ferro-alloys, Electro Ferro-alloys Pvt.

Ltd, India Thermit Corporation, Dandeli Steel &

Ferro-alloys Ltd and Eastern Metals & Ferro-

alloys Ltd. The all India production which was

3,090 tonnes in 2010-11 increased to 4,362

tonnes in 2011-12. The consumption in 2012-

13 was 676 tonnes.

Ferro-tungstenProduction of ferro-tungsten was 225 tonnes

in 2011-12. The domestic consumption was

18 tonnes for the year 2012-13.

Ferro-vanadiumProduction of ferro-vanadium in 2010-11

was 1,521tonnes which increased to 2,459 tonnes

in 2011-12. The consumption in 2012-13 was

1,109 tonnes.

OthersMisra Dhatu Nigam Ltd (A Govt. of India

Enterprise), Hyderabad, produced chiefly cobalt,

molybdenum, titanium and tungsten-based super-

alloys.

The production details of various types of

bulk ferro-al loys and noble ferro-al loys in

2009-10 to 2011-12 are furnished in Table - 2.

In format ion on p lan t -wise capac i ty o f

principal ferro-alloys in India together with

general specifications of products is given in

Table-3. Consumption of principal alloys by

different industries is given in Table-4.

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FERRO-ALLOYS

Name & location of the plant Product Specifications capacity Installed(tpy)

Andhra PradeshAndhra Ferro-alloys Ltd HC ferro-chrome Cr: 60-65% max, Si: 2-4% max,Srinivasanagar, C: 6-8% max, P: 0.040% max,Distt. Vizianagaram S: 0.040% max

Silico-manganese Mn: 60% min, 20,000C: 2.5% max, Si: 14% min,P: 0.3 % max, S: 0.035% max

FACOR Alloys Ltd HC ferro-manganese Mn: 70-80%, C:6-8%, 72,500Shreeramnagar, Garividi Si: 1-5 % max, (For allDistt. Vizianagaram P: 0.35% max, ferro-alloys)

S: 0.05% max,Size: 25-150 mm +/- 10%,Corresponding ISI specification:IS 1171-2011.

Ferro-chrome Cr: 60-63%,Si: 3-4%, C: 6-8%,P: 0.03-0.05% (max),S: 0.03-0.05% (max)

Silico-manganese Mn: 60-70%, Si: 16-20% ,C: 2.0% max,S: 0.03%,P: 0.3 %,Size: 10 - 150 mm +/- 10%,Corresponding ISI specification:IS 1470-1990.

Ferro-silicon Si: 60-80%,C: 0.15% max,P: 0.05%,S: 0.05% max,Al : 1-15% max,Size: 25-150 mm +/- 10%,Corresponding ISI specification:IS 1110-2011.

Ferro- silicon- magnesium Mg: 4-30%,Si: 44-55 %,Al: 1.00%,Ca: 1.0-4.0%,

Silico-chrome NAOther ferro-alloys NA

Deccan Ferro Alloys (P)LtdChintalapalem (PO), Pendurthi (SO) silico-manganese NA 13,054Vishakhapatnam

Jindal Stainless Ltd HC ferro-chrome Cr: 62%, Si: 2.5%, 40,000(Ferro Alloys Division) C: 7-8%, P: 0.040%,Jindal Nagar, KothavalasaDistt. Vizianagaram .

GMR Technologies & LC ferro-manganese Mn: 60%, 25,000Industries Ltd MC ferro-manganese Si: 16%, (Total)Village Ravivalasa HC ferro-manganese S: 0.05%, P: 0.5%Distt. Srikakulam.

(Contd.)

Table 3 : Statewise, Plantwise Capacity and Specifications of Principal Ferro-alloysProduced in India

6-8

FERRO-ALLOYS

Table - 3 (Contd.)

Name and location of the plant Product Specifications Installed capacity (tpy)

Silico-manganese Ferro-silicon LC ferro-chrome Cr: 60-68%, HC ferro-chrome Si: 2.0 to 4% , S: 0.05 (max) , Silico-chrome P: 0.03%, S: 0.05%

VBC Ferro Alloys Ltd Ferro-silicon 10,000Village Rudraram Ferro-chrome 27,000Patancheru Mandal Silico-manganese/ 31,500Distt. Medak. Ferro-manganese

Nav Bharat Ferro-Alloys Ltd HC ferro-chrome Cr: 60% (min), Si: 3-4% (max), 12,491E.M.D., Paloncha, Kothagudem C: 6-8%, P: 0.03% (max),Distt. Khammam. S: 0.03% (max)

Silico-manganese Mn: 60-70%, 9,581Si: 15-16% (min),C: 2% (max), P: 0.03% (max),Si: 0.03% (max)

Ferro-silicon Si: 40-45%/70-75%/75-80%, 9,309Al: 0.5% (max)/1.25% (max),C: 0.15% (max), P: 0.05% (max),S: 0.05% (max)

Sree Sarda Alloys Ltd Ferro-chrome NA 6,000Ravivalsa, Tekkali MandalDistt. Srikakulam.

Shree Raghvendra Ferro alloys Silico- Manganese NA 15000Pvt Ltd , Nalgonda

Metkore Alloys and Industries Ltd H C Ferro Chrome NA 25000Srikakulam

ChhattisgarhHira Group of IndustriesJain Carbides & Chemical Ltd(i) Unit 1, Urla, Distt. Raipur. HC ferro-manganese Mn: 70-75%, Si: 1.5% (max), 7,000

C: 6-8% (max), P: 0.40% (max),S: 0.05% (max)

Silico-manganese Mn: 60-65%, Si: 13-17% (max), 20,000C: 2.5% (max), P: 0.35% (max),S: 0.03% (max)

(ii) Unit-2,urla,Distt.Raipur HC ferro-manganese 14,000Silico-manganese Mn: 60-65% 12,000

(iii) Hira Ferro Alloys Ltd HC ferro-manganese Mn: 70-75%, Si: 1.50% max, Urla, Distt. Raipur. C: 6-8 %, P: 0.30% max,

S: 0.05% max 60,500

Silico-manganese Mn: 60-65%, Si: 14-17%,C: 2.0% max, P: 0.35% max,S: 0.05% max

(iv) Alok Ferro-Alloys Ltd Silico-manganese NA 18,000 Raipur.

INDSIL Energy & HC ferro-manganese N A 25,000Electrochemical LtdRaipur, Chhattisgarh

Silico-manganese Mn: 55% (min), 21,500Si: 23-27%,C: 0.1 % (max)/0.2% (max)/0.3% (max),S: 0.02% (max),P:0.15% (max)

(Contd.)

6-9

FERRO-ALLOYS

Sarda Energy & Minerals Ltd Ferro-manganese 66,000(Formerly Raipur Alloys Silico-manganese & Steel Ltd)

Chhattisgarh Electricity Co. Ltd HC ferro-manganese Mn: 70-75%, 36,000Siltara, Raipur. Si: 1.5-2.0%,

C: 6.0-8.0%,P: 0.35-0.40%,S: 0.05 (max)

Silico-manganese Mn: 60-65% , NASi: 15-20%, C: 2.0-2.5%,P : 0.3-0.35 %, S: 0.05% (max)

Nav-chrome Ltd HC ferro-manganese NA 21,560Urla Industrial Area Silico-manganese NADistt. Raipur. HC ferro-chrome NA 14,700

Deepak Ferro Alloys Ltd Ferro-manganese 5,000Urla Industrial Area HC ferro-manganeseDistt. Raipur. MC ferro-manganese Std. Specified

LC ferro-manganese

Silico-manganese 5,000Ferro-Silicon

Ferro-chrome 5,000LC ferro-chrome NAHC ferro-chrome Cr: 60-70%,

Si: 2 to 4%, S : 0.05%,C: 6 to 8%

Silico-chrome - -Others - -

Jindal Steel & Power Ltd HC Ferro-chrome Cr: 60-66%, 36,000 Kharsia, Distt. Raigarh. C: 6 to 8%,

Si: 4% (max),P: 0.050 (max),S: 0.050 (max),

Silico-manganese Mn: 60%, Si: 15%, P: 0.3% max -

Sai Chemical Pvt Ltd , Silico-manganese NA 10,200Tadesara,Distt. Rajnandgaon

GoaKarthik Alloys Ltd NA NA 4,100Cuncolin, Distt. South Goa.

GujaratEssel Mining & Industries Ltd Ferro-vanadium V: 50%, C: 0.1% (max), 400Vapi, Distt. Valsad. S and P: 0.05% each,

Al: 1.5%

Ferro-molybdenum Mo: 60%, C: 0.1%, 1,200S: 0.08%, P: 0.06%,Al: 0.5%

Ferro-titanium NA 600

Electro Ferro-Alloys (Pvt.) Ltd Ferro-molybdenum NA 300Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Ferro-silico-zirconium

Baroda Ferro-Alloys HC ferro-chrome NA 3500Distt. Panchmahals.

HaryanaHaryana Ferro-Alloys Ltd 2,500Gohana Road, Distt. Rohtak.

Jammu and KashmirShree Sitaram Industries Pvt. Ltd Ferro Chrome NA 3,325Phase II, SIDCO Complex,Bari Brahmana.

Table - 3 (Contd.)

Name & location of the plant Product Specifications Installedcapacity(tpy)

(Contd.)

6-10

FERRO-ALLOYS

JharkhandAnjaneya Ferro Alloys Ltd, Ferro-silicon NA NAMihijam Silico-manganese NA NADist. Dumka. Ferro-manganese NA NA

Bihar Foundry & Casting Ltd Silico-mangnese Si: 14%, Mn : 60% 34,000(Unit Gautam Ferro Alloys)

Gautam Ferro-Alloys Ltd 5,500

KarnatakaSandur Manganese & Iron Ores Ltd HC ferro-manganese 29,100Vyasanakere, Distt. Bellary Silico-manganese 20,000(Plant closed since 1.8.1998) Ferro-silicon 24,000

Dandeli Steel & Ferro Alloys Ltd Ferro-manganese Mn: 70-75%, C: 0.1%, 6,000Dandeli, Distt. Uttar Kannada. Si: 2.4%, P : 0.15%,

S: 0.05%, Size: 37 mmMC ferro-manganese Mn: 70-75%, C: 1.5%, P: 0.25%,

Si: 2%, S: 0.05%

S.R. Chemicals & Ferro-alloys LC Ferro-manganese Mn: 70%, 25KIADB Honaga, C: 0.1%,Distt.Belgaum P: 0.12%

Thermit Alloys (Pvt.) Ltd Ferro-manganese NAN-7, Industrial Estate Silico-manganese NADistt. Shivamogga. Ferro-chrome NA 1,200

Ferro-silicon NASilico-chrome NA

KeralaThe Silical Metallurgic Ltd Silico-manganese Mn: 70-75% 3,600Wayalur, Distt. Palakkad.

INDSIL Electrosmelts Ltd Silico-manganese NA NAPallatheri, Distt. Palakkad. Ferro-silicon NA NA

INDSIL Hydro Power & Silico-manganese Mn: 55% (min), 14,400Manganese Ltd Si: 23-27%,Distt.Palakkad, Kerala C: 0.1 % (max)/0.2% (max)/0.5% (max),

S: 0.02% (max),P: 0.15% (max)

Shri Laxmi Electro Ferro-silicon NA NASmelters (Pvt.) Ltd.Industrial Development AreaErumathala, P.O. Aluva - 683 105.

Madhya PradeshMOIL Ltd HC ferro-manganese Mn:781%, 10,000(formerly Manganese Ore (India) Ltd)Ferro-manganese Plant P: 0.35% (max),Bharweli (Manjhara), Distt. Balaghat. C: 6.8%

Jalan Ispat Castings Ltd Silico-manganese Mn: 60-65%, Si: 15-20%, 12,000Industrial Area C: 2% (max), P: 0.35%Meghnagar, Distt. Jhabua.

Crescent Alloys Pvt. Ltd Ferro-silicon N.A. 4,500Seoni. Ferro-manganese N.A. (Total)

S.R Ferro Alloys , Jhabua silico- mangenese NA 13,000

(Contd.)

Table - 3 (Contd.)


6-11

FERRO-ALLOYS

MaharashtraChandrapur Ferro Alloy HC ferro-manganese Mn: 70-74 % and 74-78% , 50,000Plant,(Erstwhile Maharashtra Si: 1.5% (max),Electrosmelt Ltd) C: 6.8%, P: 0.43%. (max)Distt.Chandrapur - 442 401.

MC ferro-manganese Mn : 70-74% and 74-78% , 1,800Si: 2% max,C: 1 - 3% , P: 0.4% max

LC ferro-manganese Mn: 70-74% and 74-78% , NASi: 2% (max), C: 1.5% max,P: 0.4% max.

Silico-manganese Mn: 60-65% and 65% Min, 32,765Si: 15-20%, C: 2 % max,P: 0.35% max

Nagpur Power & Industries Ltd Silico-manganese Mn: 60-65%, P: 0.35% NAP.O. Khandelwal Nagar HC ferro-manganese Mn: 70-75%, P: 0.4% NADistt. Nagpur.

Bharat Pulverising Mills Ltd Ferro-molybdenum NA 200Andheri, Mumbai. Ferro-tungsten NA (Total)

Ferro-vanadium NASunbel Alloys Co. of India Ltd Ferro-molybdenum NA 300Thane-Belapur, Mumbai. Ferro-silicon NA (Total)

Ferro-tungsten NAFerro-vanadium NA

Natural Sugar and Allied HC Ferro-manganese Mn: 70-75%, (5 MVA)Ind. Ltd, Si: 2-2.5%,Sainagar, Ranjani, P: 0.4%,Distt. Osmanabad. C: 6-8%

Silico-manganese Mn: 60-65%, (6 MVA)Si: 13-15%,P: 0.3%,C: 2-2.5%

OdishaFerro Alloys Corporation Ltd HC ferro-chrome/ Cr: 60-64%, Si: 3-4%, 65,000Ferro Chrome Plant Randia Charge-chrome C: 6-8%, P: 0.03-0.05% (max),D. P. Nagar Randia, Distt. Bhadrak. S: 0.03-0.05% (max)

Tata Steel Ltd, Ferro Manganese HC ferro-manganese Mn: + 70%, C: 6-8 %, 50,400Plant, Joda, Si :0.3-2%, P: 0.2-0.4%,Distt. Keonjhar Silico-manganese Mn: 46-48%,

Si: 14.56%, P: 0.197%

Tata Steel Alloys Ltd, Ferro-chrome 50,000Ferro Alloy PlantCuttack.

Tata Steel Ltd, Charge-chrome Cr: 60% (min), Si: 4% (max) , 55,000Charge-chrome Plant C: 8% (max), P: 0.03% (max) ,Bamnipal, Distt. Keonjhar. S: 0.03% (max)

Balasore Alloys Ltd, HC ferro-chrome Cr: 60-63% 110,000Balgopalpur, Distt. Balasore. Si: 3.5% (max) Grade I(Formerly Ispat Alloys Ltd) C: 8.0% (max)

Cr: 57-60%S: 4.0% (max) Grade IIC: 8.0% (max)

Table - 3 (Contd.)

Name & location of the plant Product Specifications Installedcapacity (tpy)

(Contd.)

6-12

FERRO-ALLOYS

Jeypore Sugar Co. Ltd, HC ferro-chrome Cr: 60-65%, 22,000(Ferro-manganese Plant) P: 0.055%,Distt. Rayagada. C: 2%,

S: 0.05%,Si: 4%,Fe: Balance

Silico-manganese Mn: 60-65%, 22,000Si: 15-18%,C: 2% max.

J. B. Ferro Alloys ,Ward - 2 LC ferro manganese NA 200Barbil,

IDCOL Ferro Chrome & Alloys Ltd HC ferro-chrome Cr: 62-65%, 18,000Jajpur Road, Distt. Jajpur. Si: 1.5 to 8%,

C: 8% (max)

Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd., HC ferro-chrome/ Cr: 60% 62,500(IMFA) Charge-chrome

Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd Ferro-silicon Si: 70-75%, 61,000(IMFA), Therubali, Distt. Rayagada. HC ferro-chrome Cr: 60% 275,000

Superb-Metal alloys (Pvt.) Ltd Ferro-columbium NA 300Rairangpur, Distt. Sundergarh Ferro-molybdenum (Total)

Ferro-tungstenFerro-vanadium

Jabamayee Ferro alloys Ltd. HC Ferro chrome NA 15660

M M Minerals & Alloys Pvt Ltd. HC Ferro Chrome NA 25000Jamirdiha ,Distt. Mayurbhanj

T S Alloys Ltd. Anantpur , Cuttak HC Ferro Chrome NA 59400

PuducherryThe Silical Metallurgic Ltd Ferro-silicon 10,560

Ferro-silicon-magnesium 1,800

VSK Ferro Alloys Ltd Ferro-silicon Si: 72.3%, C: 0.15%, 3,000Thuthipet. S: 0.051%, Mn: 0.55%,

P: 0.042%, Fe: 26.13%

Snam Alloys (Pvt.) Ltd Ferro-silicon NA 12,000Kariamanikam, Ferro-silicon-magnesiumDistt. Puducherry.

PunjabMehra Ferro-Alloys Ferro-molybdenum NA 300Verka, Amritsar. Ferro-vanadium (Total)

Ferro-titaniumFerro-tungstenFerro-boron

SikkimAkshay Ispat & Ferro Alloys Ltd, Ferro-silicon NA 6,000Mamring, Namchi,Distt. South Sikkim.

Uttar PradeshThe India Thermit Corp. Ltd Ferro-molybdenum NA 300Fazalganj,Distt. Kanpur. Ferro-titanium (Total)

Ferro-chromeFerro-boronChromium metalLC ferro-manganeseFerro-vanadium (Contd.)

Table - 3 (Contd.)

Name & location of the plant Product Specifications Installedcapacity (tpy)

6-13

FERRO-ALLOYS

Table - 3 (Concld.)


Hindustan Ferro-Alloys Ferro-siIicon NA 3,200Hamirpur.West BengalBhaskar Shrachi Alloys Ltd, Silico-manganese Si: 15% 24,000Durgapur

Cosmic Ferro Tech. Ltd, HC ferro-manganese Mn: 66-71%, Si: 1.4% 45,375Bishnupur, C: 6.5-7%, P: 0.3%Distt: Bankura.

Silico-manganese Mn: 61-65%, Si: 15.5%C: 1.9%, P:0.28%

Sri Gayatri Minerals Pvt. Ltd, HC silico-manganese Mn: 60-65% & 65% min, 24,000WBIIDC Growth Centre, Si: 15% min & 16% min,Bishnupur, Bankura. C: 2% max,

P: 0.3 max, S: 0.03 maxIndustrial Metals & Ferro Alloys LC Ferro Titanium NA 20Jamuria, Burdwan. LC ferro Chrome NA 20

Hira Concast Ltd,Salanpur Silico-manganese NA 11,455Burdwan Ferro manganese NA 15,225

Karthik Alloys Ltd (I & II) MC silico-manganese Mn: 54-56%, C: 0.2-0.5% Si: 22-25% 19,000Durgapur. P: 0.15-0.2, S: 0.05%

LC silico-manganese Mn: 53-55%, C: 0.15-0.2% Si: 25-28% NAP: 0.15-0.2%, S: 0.05%

Maithan Alloys Ltd, Ferro-manganese NA 52,600Burdwan. Silico-manganese (Total)

Ferro-chromeMonnet Ferro Alloys Ltd Silico-manganese NA 12,500Burdwan.

Shyam Ferro Alloys Ltd HC silico-manganese NA 100,000Burdwan. HC ferro-manganese (Total)

HC ferro-chromeSrinivasa Ferro Alloys Ltd HC ferro-manganese Mn: 70-74%, 74-76% 10800Durgapur,Burdwan. Si: 1.5% max, C: 6-8%,, P: 0.25,

0.30 and 0.40 max, S: 0.03 maxHC silico-manganese Mn: 60-65% & 65% min 23,400

Si: 15% min & 16% minC: 2% max, P: 0.3% max, S: 0.03% max

LC silico-manganese NA 5,400

Shri Vasavi Industries Ltd HC ferro-chrome Cr: 58-60%, Si: 2-4%, 45,000WBIIDC Industrial Growth Centre, C: 8% max, P: 0.05% max (16MVA 1No. &Bishnupur, Distt. Bankura. S: 0.05% max 12MVA 1 No.)

Modern India Con-Cast Ltd, Bulk ferro-alloys 22,000WBIIDC Industrial Growth Centre,Bishnupur, Distt. Bankura.

Rohit Ferro Tech. Ltd HC ferro-chrome Cr: 60% (min), C: 8% (max) 45,375Bishnupur, Distt. Bankura Si: 3.5% (max), P: 0.03% (max)

S: 0.04% (max)Sharp Ferro Alloys Durgapur HC Silico Manganese NA 42500

Nilkantha Ferro Ltd., Bankura HC Silico Manganese NA 39960Silico Manganese Slag NA 40200

Note: HC : High carbon. MC: Medium carbon. LC: Low carbon.Source: Information collected by IBM .

6-14

FERRO-ALLOYS

Table 4 : Consumption of Principal Ferro-alloys, 2012-13 (P)(By Industries)

(In tonnes)

Ferro-alloy Iron & steel Alloy steel Foundry Electrode Total

Ferro-aluminium 1165 (3) 57(1) 1222

Ferro-chrome 258800(15) 27600(12) 300(9) 200(4) 286900

Ferro-chrome-silicon 460(1) 460

Ferro-manganese 116200(17) 6400(10) 500(18) 800(21) 123900

Ferro-molybdenum 162(11) 435(8) 50(8) 29(2) 676

Ferro-nickel 2235(4) 2235

Ferro-niobium 1166(5) 0(1) 1166

Ferro-phosphorus 263(3) - 10(1) 273

Ferro-silicon 35900(27) 3300(8) 2200(22) 400(7) 41800

Ferro-silicon-magnesium 13(2) 13

Ferro-titanium 1037(9) 191(6) 4(1) 2(1) 1234

Ferro-tungsten 18(2) 18

Ferro-vanadium 1079(11) 26(5) 4(1) 1109

Silico-manganese 215500(28) 2000(3) 200(3) 217700

Silico-vermiculite - - - - 1600**

Note: Figures rounded off. Figures in parentheses denote the number of units in the organised sector reporting* consumption.(* Includes actual consumption and / or estimates made wherever required)(** Estimate based on Annual Returns)

Studies reveal that depending on the ferro-alloy manufactured, waste generation per day in35 tpd and 50 tpd ferro-sil icon and ferro-chrome plants respect ively, may be in thefollowing range:

Silica fines: 7 to 8 tonnes/day

Fe-Cr slag (fined boulder): 40 tonnes/day

Charcoal & coke fines: 7 to 8 tonnes/dayTo util ise the waste from ferro-alloys

industries, a typical Fe-Si or Fe-Cr manufacturingunit can provide material for 10 small-scale unitsfor manufacturing bricks and each unit can produce2,400 bricks per day. Other units which can be setup are board-and-briquette-making units. The

utilisation of waste materials by converting theminto building materials will result in bringing downthe building material cost, and therefore, lead toconservation of natural resources like clay and sand.

Domest ic vanadium s ludge is used forproducing ferro-vanadium by Essel Mining &Industries Ltd, Gujarat.

The implementation of the Kyoto Protocolby European Union prov ides s ign i f ican topportunities for Ferro-alloys Industry in Indiato implement CO

2 reduct ion technologies ,

which could be traded in terms of carbon credits.Installation of an electricity generation facilitydriven by CO-rich furnace gas is an obviousmeans by which CO

2 saving could be achieved.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND FUTURE SCOPE

6-15

FERRO-ALLOYS

WORLD REVIEWThe major ferro-alloys producing countries

were China, South Africa, India,Russia andKazakhstan. Estimated world production of bulkferro-alloys of chromium, manganese and silicon wasabout 36.8 million tonnes produced in 2011. Themarkets for the bulk alloys like high carbon ferro-manganese, silico-manganese, ferro-silicon and highcarbon ferro-chrome showed varied responses to thefluctuations in steel and stainless steel production

(Contd.)

which seem to had influence as per the different

circumstances that prevailed in different markets.

SRC process (Show Denko,Japan) Outo Kumpu

Process (Finland) are some of the energy saver well-

known processes which have been adopted in a large

scale in the world.

World production of various ferro-alloys in

principal producing countries is furnished in Table-5.

Table - 5: World Production of Ferro-alloys, 2010 to 2012(By Principal Countries)

(In tonnes)

Country Ferro-alloy 2010 2011 2012

Australia FeMn &FeSiMn 219000 267000 198000

Brazil FeCr 172800 145000 165500

FeSiCr 13100 11600 12000e

FeSiMg 33600 20900 20000e

FeMn 87200 77000 80000e

FeSiMn 218700 218600 220000e

FeNi 23800 45600 94400

FeNb 77200 81900 50400

FeSi 247300 210900 204000

Others 36650 32700 35000e

Canada FeNb 4620 4620 4600e

FeSi 36786 31039 31000e

China FeCr - - -

FeSiCr - - -

Otherse 26100000 28400000 30000000

Colombia FeNi 145239 103371 138966

Dominican Republic FeNi - 34576 39000

Finland FeCr 238000 231000 229000

Francee FeMn 138100 130500 131000e

FeSiMn 62400 63400 64000e

FeSie 27000 59000 60000

6-16

FERRO-ALLOYS

Tabe -5 (Contd.)Country Ferro-alloy 2010 2011 2012

Georgia FeSiMn 203791 242746 257421

FeMne 4500 4500 4500

Greece FeNie 69600 94000 96435

Iceland FeSi 114230 120076 131818

India FeAl 7538 7393 7400e

FeCr 1003598 906556 900000e

FeSiMg 19079 24452 25000e

FeMn 402017 446733 450000e

FeSiMn 1242139 1478403 1500000e

FeMo 3090 4362 4100e

FeSi 115164 127092 130000

FeTi 2172 2217 2200e

FeV 1521 2459 2500e

Others 595 730 700e

Japan FeCr 16208 17217 19392

FeMn 453265 456798 436171

FeSiMn 49865 49798 52287

FeMo 4615 5167 4616

FeNi 348420 279944 371913

FeV 4190 3980 4403

Others 16374 20913 19364

Kazakhstan FeCr 1311302 1289917 1305343

FeSiCr 159765 143296 164853

FeSiMn 224627 232039 251530

FeSi 4813 1683 464

Others 1283 1754 1845

New Caledonia FeNi 165506 169513 184476

Norway FeMne 130000 130000 130000

FeSiMn 281266 248700 266000

FeSi 200000e 170102 203865

Otherse 150000 150000 150000

(Contd.)

6-17

FERRO-ALLOYS

Tabe- 5 (Concld.)Country Ferro-alloy 2010 2011 2012

Russia Spiegeleisene 7000 7000 7000

FeCre 414000 414000 414000

FeSiCr 4200 4200e 4200e

FeMn 171000 170000e 170000e

FeSiMn 147900 148000e 148000e

FeMo 6491 6917 7018

FeNi 34363 34400e 34000e

FeSi 916000 916000e 916000e

FeV 13507 16683 14381

Otherse 34000 34000 34000

South Africa FeCr 3607132 3421911 3000000e

FeMne 517000 696000 654000

FeSiMne 273000 368000 346000

FeSie 128000 135000 133000

FeVe 19000 18000 16000

Sweden FeCr 64400 80140 35800

Ukraine FeMn 285643 187897 163921

FeSiMn 1000329 930337 823131

FeNi 102940 89903 119652

FeSi 253801 186306 150265

Others 28546 25126 22115

USA FeSi 370000 294000e 294000e

Venezuela FeMn 5300 12000 12000e

FeSiMn 16500 24000 24000e

FeNi 45200 51800 50000e

FeSi 76800 70000 70000e

Zimbabwe FeCr 154336 161839 60205

FeSi - - -

Source: World Minenral Production, 2008-2012

Note: FeAl : Ferro-aluminium; FeCr : Ferro-chrome; FeSiCr : Ferro-silico-chrome; FeSiMg : Ferro-Silico-magnesium; FeMn : Ferro-manganese;FeSiMn : Ferro-silico-manganese; FeMo : Ferro-molybdenum; FeNi : Ferro-nickel; FeNb : Ferro-niobium; FeSi : Ferro-silicon; FeTi: Ferro-titanium; FeV : Ferro-vanadium.

* India`s production of ferro- alloys duning 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 is furnished in Table-2

6-18

FERRO-ALLOYS

FOREIGN TRADEExports

In 2012-13 , expor t s o f fe r ro-a l loys

increased to 16,83,184 tonnes valued at `10,196

crore from 15,32,694 tonnes valued at `8,399

crore in the previous year. In terms of quantity,

exports of ferro-silico-manganese accounted for

58%, followed by ferro-chrome (31%), ferro-

manganese (9%) and ferro-silicon (1%) in 2012-

13. The other ferro-alloys together accounted for

remaining 1% of exports. Exports were mainly

to China (15%), Korea Rep. of and Japan (13%

each), Italy (9%) , Netherlands (8%), Chinese

Taipei/Taiwan (7%), Turkey (5%), Thailand (3%)

Malaysia (2%), (Tables 6 to 24).

ImportsImpor t s o f fe r ro -a l loys inc reased f rom

2,78 ,759 tonnes va lued a t `2 ,975 c ro re in

2011-12 to 2,79,513 tonnes valued at `3,580 crore

in 2012-13. In terms of quantity, imports of ferro-

Table 6: Exports of Ferro-alloys : Total(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country

Qty Value Qty Value(t) ( '000) (t) ( '000)

All Countries 1532694 83992729 1683184 101964984

China 262806 13921073 245642 15278647

Korea, Rep. of 25190414870177 217385 13777872

Japan 169033 9418853 212217 12776226

Italy 147463 7653418 158022 8539944

Netherlands 116918 6526764 138420 7609477

Chinese Taipei/ Taiwan 86355 4564768 126260 7003718

Turkey 61653 3058679 79635 4589460

Thailand 40277 2121576 45050 2593819

UAE 12565 653358 18558 2367040

Malaysia 28546 1585769 28290 2254976

Other countries 355174 19618294 413405 25173805

Table 7: Exports of Ferro-Boron(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 2 351 2 721

Turkey ++ 54 2 518

South Africa - - ++ 120

Malaysia - - ++ 83

Other countries 2 298 - -

Table 8: Exports of Ferro-Chrome(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 567660 32760788 517724 33106639

China 245642 13193611 245144 15250717

Korea, Rep. of 202332 12183073 159571 10438817

Japan 47370 2951185 60133 3929700

Italy 7751 492216 12245 815454

USA 10781 659470 7255 491045

Chile 3830 276384 4717 356044

Mexico 4374 277161 4289 312442

Netherlands 6665 4093455 5093 293152

Belgium 3719 116316 4935 219083

Egypt 3177 222985 2724 192241

Other countries 32019 1979042 11618 807944

silicon accounted for about 48% followed by ferro-

manganese (15%), ferro-chrome (12% ), ferro-nickel

(11%), Charge-chrome (7%) .Other ferro-alloys

together accounted for remaining 7% of imports in

2012-13. Imports were mainly from Bhutan (29%),

followed by South Africa (19%), China (12%), Russia

(11%), Japan (4%), Brazil and Korea, Rep. of (3 %

each) (Tables 25 to 42 ).

6-19

FERRO-ALLOYS

Table 9: Exports of Charge-Chrome(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country



Morocco - - 21 3317Chinese Taipei/

Taiwan - - 27 1689

Bahrain - - 10 1463

Saudi Arabia 9 1854 6 411

Nigeria 1 188 2 406


Table 13: Exports of Ferro-Niobium

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) ( '000) (t) ( '000)


Singapore - - 1 1653

USA - - ++ 50

Indonesia - - ++ 24

Nepal - - ++ 10


Table 12: Exports of Ferro-Nickel(By Country)

2011-12 2012-13

CountryQty Value Qty Value

(t) ( '000) (t) ( '000)

All Countries ++ 413 1715 1800674

UAE - - 1214 1279043

Malaysia - - 501 521631

Other countries ++ 413 - -

Table 10: Exports of Ferro-Manganese(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 159122 8379784 157871 8857051Iran 31554 1817548 23890 1359877Chinese Taipei/

Taiwan 14348 698794 19288 1029528Korea, Rep of 13915 682031 13624 782804Saudi Arabia 8513 337637 12065 698541Italy 13037 659247 13227 690636Netherlands 14373 738951 10113 558440Japan 3047 172417 9578 504479UAE 4267 241572 7425 404864Pakistan 7319 371278 6755 348669US A 3337 284109 3806 329551Other countries 45412 2376200 38100 2149662

Table 11: Exports of Ferro-Molybdenum (By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 292 223797 735 447766Netherlands 145 159396 220 229684Belgium 5 5062 150 83456Saudi Arabia 11 1754 60 65386UAE 26 26135 20 18741South Africa - - 33 12383Israel 1 1827 7 7647Chile 4 7282 3 5486Oman 25 4496 38 4351Pakistan 16 7828 61 4136USA - - 20 2665Other countries 59 10019 123 13831

Table 14 : Exports of Ferro-Phosphorus

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) ( '000) (t) ( '000)


Sweden 10 727 10 644

Morocco - - 3 384

UK 23 1118 ++ 353

Pakistan - - 5 174


6-20

FERRO-ALLOYS

Table 17 : Exports o f Ferro-S i l i co-Manganese

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 732424 37641216 970056 54166178

Japan 117435 6216684 140279 8195293

Italy 113822 5629064 129781 6821833

Netherlands 78641 4036383 120030 6147420

Chinese Taipei/Taiwan 69771 3741670 105812 5900807

Turkey 51811 2437868 74024 4138538

Korea, Rep. of 34733 1949138 43560 2510111

Thailand 36587 1896699 39463 2252377

Bulgaria 7377 385543 33866 1881601

Malaysia 25434 1392437 24729 1482419

Ukraine 39428 2135708 23496 1332909

Other countries 157385 7820022 235016 13502870

Table 15 : Exports of Ferro-Silico-Chrome

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country



UAE - - 360 20301Ivory Coast/Cote-D Ivoire - - 3 250


Table 16 : Exports o f Ferro-S i l i co-Magnesium

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 7047 688615 9114 947969

Turkey 1459 128831 2585 241383

Iran 1094 121686 1022 119022

USA - - 897 86270

Saudi Arabia 290 29733 729 79528

Mexico 105 16537 566 74210

Oman 588 67850 598 72593

Spain 349 38485 500 59551

Brazil 878 63472 467 43468

Slovenia 424 37429 294 23548

South Africa - - 193 20018

Other countries 1860 184592 1263 128378

Table 18: Exports of Ferro-Silicon(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 46422 3265270 18824 1459548

Brazil 1950 160827 2267 196300

Netherlands 16442 1147146 2706 188083

Italy 11704 780199 1883 140270

Japan 630 57815 1577 121531

Oman 855 61818 1601 118819

Slovenia 1752 131383 881 78486

Turkey 1244 97666 961 73090

USA 350 37048 545 62320

Lithuania 770 49832 790 55869

Korea, Rep. of 308 27805 409 38936

Other countries 10417 713731 5204 385844

Table 19 : Exports of Ferro-Titanium(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 1041 56766 116 21763Iran 25 1264 50 16093Brazil 2 415 5 1356Turkey 5 752 6 1179Belgium 8 1513 3 695Finland 2 380 12 652Mexico ++ 38 2 393Morocco - - 16 282USA 1 32 17 237Indonesia - - 1 202Philippines 20 1058 1 184Other countries 978 51314 3 490

Table 20 : Exports of Ferro-Tungsten(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 16 5239 157 28124Bhutan - - 40 8000Netherlands - - 5 7266UK - - 40 4618Nepal 6 422 56 3975Finland 9 3850 12 3082South Africa - - 2 491Indonesia - - ++ 288Saudi Arabia 1 885 2 277Philippines ++ 82 ++ 127Other countries - -

6-21

FERRO-ALLOYS

Table 21: Exports of Ferro-Vanadium(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 209 92494 488 458454

Netherlands ++ 87 155 176430

UAE 74 62381 75 77107

Iran ++ 928 55 65162

USA 5 6134 56 48040

Malaysia 22 9408 32 43266

Sri Lanka - - 20 14249

Vietnam - - 9 12717

Mauritius 103 9530 76 12513

Belgium - - 5 6391

Turkey 1 1185 3 1152

Other countries 4 2841 2 1427

Table 24: Exports of Ferro-alloys(Others)

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 18024 844699 5928 632197

Iran 2860 335758 2471 341386

Saudi Arabia 58 10128 1006 124403

Italy 600 45792 737 58103

Bahrain - - 361 47963

Japan 540 20323 649 25105

Korea, Rep. of 548 26272 220 7099

Nepal 2727 63976 138 5802

Netherlands 70 2197 50 4054

Oman - - 38 3425

Kuwait ++ 65 10 2210

Other countries 10621 340188 248 12647

Table 25: Imports of Ferro-alloys: Total(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 278759 29752569 279513 35802706

Bhutan 76257 4624446 80858 5168900

Japan 1733 1235940 10999 4304287

Brazil 7629 2885826 8696 3732575

China 49124 4810101 33194 3372610

South Africa 60465 3523592 53960 3264946

Russia 26747 2953020 31364 3101468

Greece 1478 1254061 6898 1962810

Columbia 91 44032 2978 1514932

Korea, Rep. of 3721 1146631 9557 1473421

New Caledonia 625 553722 4564 1305123

Other countries 50889 6721198 36445 6601634

Table 26: Imports of Ferro-Boron(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 642 124181 779 154825China 629 120979 749 149174New Zealand - - 10 1976US A - - 10 1924Singapore - - 5 955Germany 11 2669 5 795Other countries 2 533 ++ 1

Table 22: Exports of Ferro-Columbium(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country



Israel 1 1807 3 5568

Turkey - - ++ 507

Philippines - - 1 85

Australia - - ++ 11

Guyana - - ++ 9


Table 23: Exports of Ferro-Zirconium(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country



Indonesia 1 388 2 497

Malaysia - - ++ 44


6-22

FERRO-ALLOYS

Table 27: Imports of Ferro-Chrome(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 32064 3694428 33728 3982920

Russia 9945 1423301 12508 1630942

South Africa 11222 855724 10923 872313

China 3046 382487 2527 405125

Kazakhstan 2136 222984 3260 386281

Brazil 1545 211217 2091 318368

Turkey 566 68919 353 63122 Chinese Taipei/ Taiwan 213 25413 327 35184 Germany 527 93100 166 32275

Hong Kong _ _ 183 26419

Switzerland 73 6784 158 25072

Other countries 2791 404499 1232 187819

Table 28: Imports of Ferro-alloys Charge-Chrome

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 34731 1847286 19440 1073849

South Africa 33732 1792726 19241 1055102

China 999 54560 162 9997

Russia - - 37 8750

Table 30: Imports of Ferro-Molybdenum(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 1067 1541479 656 870906Korea, Rep. of 437 639673 374 493127China 287 396790 97 110998Belgium - - 38 59102Russia 158 270952 40 55689Austria - - 28 43906UK - - 26 33259Italy 34 37578 14 21858Thailand 6 9189 12 19860Japan 6 10234 10 10052ChineseTaipei / Taiwan 12 21344 4 6907Other countries 127 155719 13 16148

Table 31: Imports of Ferro-Nickel(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 6864 4796001 31801 12198988Japan 1063 1130376 10692 4169302Greece 1441 1249606 6898 1962810Columbia 91 44032 2978 1514932New Caledonia 625 553722 4564 1305123Brazil 1898 706078 3153 1272222Macedonia 749 729494 1895 1237825Venezuela 230 72718 728 170840UAE - - 152 131224Albania - - 101 100894Korea, Rep of - - 98 93275

Other countries 767 309975 542 240541

Table 29: Imports of Ferro-Manganese (By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13 Country


All Countries 24660 1732494 41942 2805528 South Africa 12854 676374 23185 1203180 Korea Rep. of 2323 212855 8762 783701

Norway 6283 584499 5043 463727

China 1298 113479 982 86751

Germany 224 14572 760 37490

Bahrain 267 13425 700 34094

Russia 45 6734 458 33060

Chinese Taipei/

Taiwan 40 3290 270 27102

Italy 1 56 353 25538

UAE 54 4345 375 19878

Other countries 1271 102865 1054 91007

Table 32: Imports of Ferro-Niobium(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 1660 2355931 1380 2650527Brazil 1114 1571089 951 1770662Canada 3 7155 194 379197Singapore 433 593817 131 317240China 29 57986 30 49479Italy - - 27 47310Korea, Rep. of 2 4646 12 28110USA 22 28576 10 15982Iraq - - 10 15881Netherlands - - 7 15144Finland - - 5 6650Other countries 57 92662 3 4872

6-23

FERRO-ALLOYS

Table 34: Imports of Ferro-Silico-Chrome

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country



Kazakhstan - - 20 1630


Table 33: Imports of Ferro-Phosphorous(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 2373 56798 1739 46328

China 2073 48054 1470 36122

Sweden 5 1257 38 3223

Germany

Germany 27 597 74 1746

Turkey - - 72 1739

UK 6 1311 6 1409

Italy - - 27 704

Romania 623 - - 26

Iran 116 2470 24 527

Japan 21 376 2 235


Table 36: Imports o f Ferro-S i l i co-

Magnesium

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13

Country

Qty Value Qty Value

(t) ( '000) (t) ( '000)

All Countries 2227 235038 906 101364

China 896 80421 627 65819

Norway 103 13875 125 16835

South Africa - - 42 5232

Russia 50 3367 41 5147

Netherlands - - 40 4827

Chile - - 20 2471

Hong Kong - - 11 1033


Table 37: Imports of Ferro-Silicon

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13

CountryQty Value Qty Value(t) ( '000) (t) ( '000)

All Countries 148759 10206947 134834 9419073

Bhutan 76095 4612859 80858 5168900

China 35597 2656121 23440 1766232

Russia 15986 1106475 18060 1278185

France 3701 444563 2895 378359

Norway 2605 343154 2212 280304

Vietnam 3906 257824 2439 173281

Egypt 2552 120337 1838 93617

Brazil 381 43880 491 50728

Kuwait - - 553 33383

Chinese Taipei/

Taiwan 306 23252 271 22554

Other countries 7630 598482 1777 173530

Table 35: Imports of Ferro-Silico-Manganese

(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 13223 529245 2612 140282

Norway 400 31392 601 57310

Saudi Arabia 8229 283869 1529 51763

South Africa 2472 90782 315 16033

China 211 18041 103 10324

Thailand - - 60 4595

Malaysia - - 4 257


6-24

FERRO-ALLOYS

Table 38: Imports of Ferro-Titanium(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 1370 496047 1631 594182UK 574 216688 1098 413148Canada 321 116138 199 74675Russia 191 65815 204 70621Korea, Rep. of 13 4521 31 12387China 24 7354 28 8265Finland - - 17 5977Thailand - - 10 4024USA - - 40 3832Qatar - - 4 1253Other countries 247 85531 - -

Table 39: Imports of Ferro-Tungsten(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 10 23797 16 35707

China 6 14360 7 16303

Brazil 2 4990 3 7382

France - - 3 6358

Korea, Rep.of - - 2 4599

Vietnam - - 1 1028

USA - - ++ 37


Table 40 : Imports of Ferro-Vanadium(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13Country


All Countries 907 1098356 577 744080China 359 421152 254 339763Japan 36 43084 72 94682South Africa 78 100498 72 92029Switzerland 24 28872 57 74748Brazil 10 13940 50 41104USA 85 87462 19 30671Korea , Rep. of 166 206860 22 29180Russia 21 26235 16 19074Vietnam - - 6 11230Netherlands - - 4 5903Other countries 128 170253 5 5696

Table 41: Imports of Ferro-Zirconium(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13

Country Qty Value Qty Value

(t) ( '000) (t) ( '000)

All Countries 689 75704 215 34646

China 513 54159 146 24336

Japan - - 25 3767

Egypt - - 24 3600

Korea, Rep.of - - 20 2943


Table 42: Imports of Ferro-alloys (Others)(By Countries)

2011-12 2012-13

Country Qty Value Qty Value

(t) ( '000) (t) ( '000)

All Countries 7406 931700 7237 945413

Argentina 1485 191444 2088 294374

China 3050 377022 2572 293924

Brazil 2179 275420 1957 272109

Norway 98 13888 213 35125

Sweden - - 150 11390

Vietnam - - 62 7893

Dominican Rep. - - 48 7030

South Africa 1 902 21 4503

UK 3 951 10 4153

Netherlands - - 19 4122

Other countries 590 72073 97 10790

6-25

FERRO-ALLOYS

FUTURE OUTLOOKDepending on the process of steel making

and the type of steel being manufactured, therequirement of d i f f rent fer ro a l loys var ieswidely. According to IFAPA, on an average, about

30 to 40% produc t ion of fe r ro-a l loys i sexported. The Industry output has always beensurplus and meeting the demand of the domestic

steel industry. India has also established itselfas one of the regular and leading exporters offerro-chrome and silico-manganese in the world.

The ferro-alloys industry in India has acapac i ty o f 5 .15 mi l l ion tonnes and i saccounted for nearly 10% of the worlds ferro

alloys production. It is among the 10 largestproducers of the material in the world. Atpresent, industry is facing few issues related to

high input prices of manganese and chrome ore,coal, coke and a high energy tariff. On the otherhand the ferro alloy producers are also facing the

problem of price in adequacy and instability ontheir production.

However, India is expected to show strong

growth in usage of steel in the coming years

because of i t s robus t economy, mass iveinfrastructure needs and expansion of industrial

production. India is expected to become one ofthe leading steel consuming nations in the nextdecade. In this scenario, the Ferro Alloy Industry

estimates that the consumption of Ferro Alloyswill increase domestically and internationallyin the coming years. Some of the Ferro Alloy

Producers have already gone for expansion andsome new units are coming up.

Indian Ferro-alloys Industry has immense

potent ia l and capabi l i ty to compete in thein te rna t iona l marke t . There i s a need toencourage the Indian Ferro-alloys Industry for

setting up captive power plants and also allocatecoal linkages for the same. The prospects forthe Ferro-alloys industry is bright provided

innovations are made in the process technology& plant equipment design, and new cost-effectiveproduct mix is frequented at.

The fall in the demand for ferro-alloysglobally, and the re-emergence of China as a majorexporter and the threat of imports are some of the

factors that the Indian-ferro alloys industry wouldneed to tackle.

indian minerals yearbook 2013 -...

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