2009 minerals yearbook iron ore.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
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2009 Minerals Yearbook
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
IRON ORE [ADVANCE RELEASE]
June 2011
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Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.1
Iron ore
By Jh D. Jgs
Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Michelle B. Blackwell, statistical assistant, and the world production
table was prepared by Lisa D. Miller, international data coordinator.
U.S. i pducti i 2009 was -half that f 2008;
csumpti duig this sam pid dcasd by 40%. Wldi pducti ad csumpti c agai s i 2009,
but by ly 2%. Chia, by fa th ladig csum, ld gss
tag pducti f i with lativly lw-gad .
Chia was th ladig pduc f i i tms f i
ctt, fllwd by Austalia ad Bazil (tabls 1, 17). F th
ighth cscutiv ya, wld i tad icasd. Wld
prices dropped signicantly compared with those of 2008.
I is th basic aw matial f pducig i ad
stl. Th supply f i is citical t th cmis f
all idustializd atis. Scap, a supplmt t i i
stlmakig, is als a xtmly imptat fd matial,
but wig t lack f supply f high-quality scap, its us has
limitatis. Dict ducd i (DrI) is a altativ t scap,but quis i f its pducti.
Tw i xidshmatit (F2o
3) ad magtit (F
3o
4)
a th pimay mials f i. Tacit, th pimay i
mid i th Uitd Stats, ctais hmatit ad magtit
in varying proportions and is found in hard, ne-grained, banded
i fmatis with lw i ctt, btw 20% ad 30%.
Almst all dmstic i pducti is tasfmd it
mlt i i blast fuacs by th i ad stl idusty. Mst
mlt i th gs dictly t a basic xyg fuac (BoF)
f cvsi t stl by mvig mst f th sidual cab.
Th maid is pud it mlds t pduc pig i.
I 2009, th Uitd Stats usd 31.0 milli mtic ts (Mt)
f i , a dcas f 20.9 Mt, 40%, cmpad with thatf 2008, ad pducd 19.0 Mt f pig i. Pig i pducti
dcasd 44% fm that f 2008 ad was at th lwst lvl
sic bf Wld Wa II.
raw stl pducti, at 59.4 Mt, dcasd 35% cmpad
with that f 2008. U.S. stl csumpti dcasd t 63
Mt fm 102 Mt i 2008. Imptd i supplmts
dmstically pducd i i th pducti f pig i,
which is usd alg with imptd pig i, DrI, ad scap t
pduc aw stl. Itgatd stl mills pduc stl fm i
; miimills pduc stl fm DrI ad scap. I 2009, th
miimill sct f th stl idusty mad up 62% f th U.S.
aw stl pducti (Amica I ad Stl Istitut, 2010,
p. 73).
Itgatd stlmaks ca icas stl mill pduct
pducti withut icasig blast fuac pducti
by importing pig iron and seminished steel. This permits
steelmakers to avoid costly startup of less-efcient blast
fuacs hld i sv ad th mplymt f additial
skilld wks. I 2009, t U.S. xpts (xpts mius
impts) f i substituts w 5.7 Mt, whil i 2008
th Uitd Stats was a t xpt f 14.8 Mt f substituts.
This icas i xpts was wig t ctiud high lvls
f scap stl t xpts cmbid with substatial dcass
in net imports of DRI, pig iron, and seminished steelpducts. Duig th ya, alg with th 33% dcas i
aw stl pducti ad a 38% dp i stl dmad, i
csumpti dclid 40% fm 2008 lvls.
Legislation and Government Programs
I 2009, th Mista pducti tax at t b distibutd
i 2010 chagd f cctats ad pllts pducd i
2009, icasig t $2.364 fm $2.316 p taxabl lg t.
Th taxabl tag f 2009 is basd th avag tag
pducd i 200709.
Chags affctig tacit miig ad pcssig patis
passd by th Mista Lgislatu i 2009 icludd
pducti taxati itms that wuld b basd th 2008 ad
2009 pducti. A Tacit evimtal Ptcti Fud
was stablishd t civ 15.5 cts p lg t (abut 15.3
cts p mtic t) fm 2008 pducti that wuld hav
g it th Tacit Ppty Tax rlif Accut. Istad,
ths fuds w st asid f us i wabl gy iitiativs
t b distibutd i 2009 ly. A pducti tax chag f 2009
that wuld affct distibuti f taxs i 2010 ad thaft
icludd distibuti t 50% miig ad 50% pcssig fm
40% miig ad 60% pcssig f th pcds wh miig
ad pcssig w caid ut i tw spaat tax disticts.
Ath pducti tax chag f 2009 that wuld affct
distibuti f taxs i 2010 was a distibuti f xcss taxfuds t citis ad tws withi a schl distict if distibuti
t th schl distict wuld duc Stat aid t th distict
(Mista Dpatmt f rvu, 2009, p. 1, 6, 7, 20; 2010,
p. 1, 20).
Production
Th U.S. Glgical Suvy (USGS) dvlps U.S. i
pducti data thugh a aual I o suvy,
which is st t i mis, ad ths mis pvidd
th pducti statistics listd i tabls 1 thugh 5. This
ifmati is supplmtd by mplymt data, ifmati
fm csums, ad mi ispcti pts. Th Amica
I o Assciati bcam a suppli-itd gaizati,
w kw as th I Miig Assciati f Mista, ad
lg pvids data shipmts fm ladig dcks
th Upp Gat Laks cipts at tasf dcks ad fuac
yads atiwid. Stl plat data ctius t b cmpild by
th Amica I ad Stl Istitut (AISI).
I 2009, dmstic i pducti was 26.7 Mt, abut
-half f th 2008 pducti, which was 53.6 Mt. Michiga
ad Mista tacit mis accutd f almst all dmstic
i pductisix mis patd th Msabi rag
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39.2 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
i thast Mista ad tw th Maqutt rag
i Michigas Upp Pisula. Dmstic i supply
(pducti mius xpts) mt 74% f dmstic dmad i
2009, 3% lss tha th avag fm 2005 thugh 2008.
Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. (Clvlad, oH) aucd
2009 i pducti f its nth Amica patis.
Mi pducti, which ttald 20 Mt, was as fllws (Uitd
States, unless otherwise specied)Empire, 2.6 Mt; Hibbing
Tacit, 1.7 Mt; nthsh, 3.3 Mt; Tild, 5.7 Mt; Uitd
Tacit, 3.9 Mt; ad Wabush (Caada), 2.7 Mt. Cliffs sha fth ttal pducti fm ths nth Amica patis was
17.4 Mt. Ttal Cliffs nth Amica pducti tag sha
f th mis it maagd duig th ya dcasd by 25%
cmpad with that f 2008, ad vall i sals vu
dcasd t $1.45 billi, a dcas f 39% cmpad with
that f 2008 (Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010, p. 56, 57).
In June 2009, Cliffs acquired signicant ownership of
Fwst rsucs Caada Ic. (Mtal, Qubc, Caada),
with its th wld-class chmit dpsits i aticipati
f divsifyig dwstam fm its c mchat i
busiss. Cliffs plad t iclud cstucti f th p pit
mi ad mi-sit pcssig facility, as wll as a lctic
ac fuac (eAF) t futh pcss th chmit ithigh-gad fchmium. Th eAF facility was xpctd t b
lcatd th th sh f Lak Supi aft a pmittig
pcss aticipatd t qui appximatly 3 yas, with
pducti statup i abut 2015 (Cliffs natual rsucs Ic.,
2009a).
Michigan.Michiga accutd f abut 31% f U.S.
usabl i utput i 2009; aly all f Michigas utput
was pllt pducti. Th empi Mi pducti was mstly
ux pellets. The Tilden Mine produced magnetite and hematite
ux pellets. The Empire Mine and the Tilden Mine production
ach shwd a dcas f 2.0 Mt cmpad with that f 2008.
owig t a pstpmt f a dvlpmt pjct, th sv
stimat f th empi Mi was ducd by 45%, whilTild Mi svs maid th sam t f pducti
(Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010, p. 35, 57; Skilligs Miig
rviw, 2010c, p. 67).
Minnesota.Mista pducd 69% f th usabl i
i th Uitd Stats i 2009; aly all f th utput was pllt
pducti. Almst all f th pducti fm th Stat cam
fm p pits th Msabi I rag, althugh a mi
amut f th pducti did cm fm wkd tailigs.
Mista pllt pducti, gupd by patig cmpay,
was summaizd as fllws: Hibbig Tacit Cmpay
pducd stadad ad high-cmpssi pllts; nthsh
Miig Cmpay pducd 3.3 Mt f stadad pllts, icludig
a small amut f sit matial ad cctat; Uitd
Tacit Cmpay, LLC pducd pllts ad a mi amut
f cctats; AclMittal Mica Mi Ic. (Chicag, IL)
produced 1.5 Mt of ux pellets, including a minor amount of
pllt chips; ad Uitd Stats Stl Cp. (Pittsbugh, PA) had
pducti fm its Kwati Tacit patis ad 7.7 Mt
of acid and ux pellet production from its Minntac operations
(AclMittal, 2010, p. 51; Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010,
p. 57; Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010b, p. 8, 1215; Uitd
Stats Stl Cp., 2010, F62).
I aly Fbuay, U.S. Stl aucd plas t lay ff 500
ui mplys, as wll as 90 maagmt mplys at its
Mitac patis (Mutai I, Mn). I Dcmb [2008],
U.S. Stl had alady haltd pducti at its Ktac pati
(Kwati, Mn). Lack f w stl ds fcd th stl
cmpay t duc pducti fm its upstam patis
(Bw, 2009), but by August, with isig stl quimts,
th cmpay aucd plas t stat up a additial pllt
pducti li at th Mitac plat i I Mutai, Mn,
ad t stat up a additial tw lis i Sptmb. U.S. Stlwould then have four of the ve production lines at Minntac in
pati (Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009d), but at Ktac, th
cmpay had wks bgi witizig th plat i aticipati
f xtdig th shutdw f patis (Skilligs Miig
rviw, 2009b).
AclMittal (Luxmbug) attibutd th ducti i
pducti fm 2.8 Mt i 2008, t a shutdw f patis
btw May ad Sptmb i 2009. owig t makt
cditis, i was pducd duig this pid
(AclMittal, 2010, p. 51).
Cliffs xtdd th shutdw f th nthsh Miig
C. facilitis, which had b iitiatd i Apil thugh
July (Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009). Cliffs idicatdthat th jit-vtu ws f th Hibbig Tacit Mi
[AclMittal, 62.3%; Cliffs, 23.0%; ad U.S. Stl Caada
Ic. (Hamilt, otai, Caada), 14.7%] had agd t
lgth th shutdw at th plat, which has a atd capacity
f 8.1 milli mtic ts p ya (Mt/y). This xtdd th
shutdwwhich statd with tw f th pllt lis shut
dw i Mach ad th th plat shut dw f 15 wks
beginning in Maythrough the rst quarter of 2010 (Cliffs
natual rsucs Ic., 2009b).
Stl Dyamics, Ic. (Ft Way, In) cmpltd cstucti
ad bga cmmissiig th $260 milli Msabi nuggt
pjct i Hyt Laks, Mn. Th mai plat facility has a
180-foot-diameter gas-red rotary-hearth furnace (RHF) that,thugh a chmical ducti pcss, was xpctd t yild
millis f 96% t 98% i uggts. Th fd matial
i cctat, cal, ad bidig agtswas t b
mixd ad did t fm mablsizd dy balls i acillay
facilitis. Ths balls w th t b mltd i th rHF t
fm th i uggts. At full capacity, th plat was xpctd
t pduc 500,000 mtic ts p ya (t/y) f i uggts.
Stl Dyamics xpctd t fllw thugh with additial
ivstmts i a adjact i mi, c th quid pmits
w civd fm th Stat f Mista (Skilligs Miig
rviw, 2009c; Stl Dyamics, Ic., 2010, p. 5).
Magtati, Ic. (nashwauk, Mn) bga pducti f i
cctat fm its Msabi Chif plat a Kwati, Mn.
Magtati ivstd $9.6 milli t big its plat li.
Th plat was xpctd t pduc lw-cst i cctats
at a at f 300,000 t/y fm la stckpils f hmatit
ad atual tailigs. Plas f xpasi t 750,000 t/y f
cctat w big mad t hlp fd th 500,000 t/y (96%
t 98% i) Msabi nuggt facility big cstuctd at aby
Hyt Laks, Mn, by Stl Dyamics (Mtal Bullti, 2009;
rdm, 2009).
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Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.3
Consumption
U.S. i csumpti dclid by 40% t 31.0 Mt fm
the 2008 gure of 51.9 Mt (table 1). Pig iron production, at 19.0
Mt i 2009, was almst -half f th 5-ya avag f 37.5
Mt/y f 2004 thugh 2008. raw stl pducti usig BoF
tchlgy, which had b at th lwst pducti lvl i
m tha a dcad i 2008, dcasd by m tha 40% t
22.7 Mt.
Csumpti f i , icludig agglmats, ptd
t th AISI by pducs f i ad stl ttald 30.3 Mt,icludig 26.2 Mt f pllts; 3.8 Mt f sit, biqutts, ad
th pducts; ad 0.3 Mt f atual cas (tabl 7).
of th csumd, 74% was dmstic pducti; 10%,
impts fm Caada; 2%, impts fm th cutis; ad th
balac was dawdws f dmstic stcks. oth i-baig
matials chagd t blast fuacs icludd mill scal, slag
scap, ad stl fuac slag.
Th th csumpti umbs usd i this aual viw
are reported in tables 1, 7, and 8. The rst consumption number
(31.0 Mt i 2009), i tabl 1, is th sum f th csumd
by iput typ ptd by th AISI, th csumd i DrI
pducti, ad th csumd i stl uss, as ptdt th USGS (Amica I ad Stl Istitut, 2010, p. 81).
Th scd csumpti umb (30.4 Mt i 2009), i tabl
7, is th csumd i U.S. i ad stl plats by typ f
ptd by th AISI. Th thid csumpti umb is a
stimat f DrI ad th miscllaus uss, which iclud
i csumd i pducti f cmt ad i shippd
f us i maufactuig pait, fits, havy mdia, cattl
fd, facty ad wighig matials, ad f us i lad
smelting are listed in table 8. The latter consumption gure was
th csumd i DrI pducti (f which th was
pducd i 2009) ad stl uss (0.60 Mt i 2009). Data
i csumpti i stl d uss (tabl 8) w
cmpild fm USGS suvys ad ifmati pvidd byMidx Tchlgis, Ic. (2010, p. 7).
Prices
At th bgiig f 2009, th sctay gal f th Chia
I & Stl Assciati (CISA) ptdly idicatd that Chia
wuld t sk uasabl dcass duig 2009 i
ctact pic gtiatis. Chia tid t gtiat f pic
ductis t b mad tactiv t Jauay s that Chis
mills wuld t b fcd t pay 2008 gtiatd pics. CISA
indicated that it would like more exibility to adjust prices
midya, but did t wat t b hampd by a i idx
for long-term supply contracts (Li, 2009). CISA for the rst timeicludd a pstativ i th Chis dlgati discussig
aual i pic ctacts. CISA ptdly watd t
stgth cdiati amg Chis stl pducs ad
wuld d t ag t ay bchmaks stablishd by Chias
maj pducs (Mtal Bullti, 2009b).
As th Apil 1 aual ctact dat passd, ctact
gtiatis ctiud btw th ladig i pducs
ad stlmaks. BHP Billit Ltd. (Mlbu, Austalia)
idicatd that it wuld lik t limiat th 12-mth ctact
systm usig ith th spt makt sm typ f idx pic.
Bth Val S.A. (ri d Jai, Bazil), th wlds ladig
producer of iron ore which had ofcially changed its corporate
am fm Cmpahia Val d ri Dc (CVrD), ad ri
Tit plc (Ld, Uitd Kigdm) favd ctiuig with a
ctact pic bcaus thy flt it was m stabl. At th tim
f th gtiatis, Chia ptdly was xpctd t duc
i impts i 2009 by 20% cmpad with 2008 impt
lvls. A pic ducti f upwads f 30% was xpctd t b
gtiatd f ctact ya 200910 (Matthws, 2009a; Val
S.A., 2009a).At th d f May, ri Tit sttld th 200910 aual i
ore contract with Japanese steel rmsJFE Holdings Inc., Kobe
Stl Ltd., nipp Stl Cp., ad Sumitm Mtal Idustis
Ltd.ad Kas PoSCo. Th agmt was f a 33% lw
price for nes and a 44% lower price for lump ore, the rst price
ducti i 7 yas. Chis stlmaks ctiud t gtiat
deeper discounts on both lump and ne ores. Vale continued
discussions with steel rms (Thompson, 2009). Despite the
impass i i pic gtiatis, Chis impts f i
thugh May 2009, at 242 Mt, icasd 26% cmpad with
ths f th sam pid i 2008. Th impt valu f this
was almst 28% lw wh cmpaig ths tw pids (TeX
rpt, Th, 2009c).Fllwig th jcti f a $19.5 billi ivstmt ff
t icas its wship f ri Tit by th Alumium Cp.
f Chia Ltd. (Chialc) (Bijig, Chia) ad th subsqut
dcisi t dvlp a jit vtu f Austalia i assts
by BHP Billit ad ri Tit, a Austalia xcutiv f
ri Tit was astd by Chis authitis suspici
f spiag ad stalig stat scts (ritchi, 2009). Th
faild ff, jit vtu, ad ast f ri Tits xcutiv
cam amidst a failu by BHP Billit, ri Tit, ad Val, t
ach a aual ctact pic agmt with Chis i
puchass. Val appad t b hldig back t avid patig
th 2008 pblm f sttlig ali f a lw pic tha ith
BHP Billit ri Tit (Matthws, 2009b).A mv t a m makt-basd, ath tha gtiatd,
ctact i pic bcam vidt. At th d f th July,
BHP Billit aucd that it had achd agmt 53%
f its i sals f th 2009 ctact ya. oly 23% was
st basd th aual ctact pic, whil th th 30% was
picd usig quatly, spt, ad idx-basd pics. I 2008,
wh spt pics cllapsd, sm buys gd ctacts,
lavig aual ctact pics littl m tha a upsid limit f
pducs. Th ast f th ri Tit xcutiv i Chia gav
additial ictiv f pducs t ly t a gat dg
idpdtly stablishd makt pics (Dig, 2009).
Amidst th ctiud stalmat btw Chis buys ad
wldwid i pducs, a i tad assciatith
I o & Stl Divativs Assciati (IoDA)was fmd
t pmt th tad f i ad latd divats, dvlp
stadad tms f i ctact tasactis, ad suppt th
dvlpmt ad us f idpdt makt idics. IoDA was
s, by itslf, as havig a imptat l i th i makt
as th makt mvd fm aual ctact picig twad a spt
makt (Mtal Bullti, 2009d).
Ftscu Mtals Gup Ltd. (east Pth, Austalia) agd t
a pic 3% blw th bchmak it th Asia makts f its
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39.4 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
i sld t Chis stl mills. This agmt pmittd
Fortescue to complete a $6 billion deal to obtain nancing
fm Chis spss f pjct xpasi (Miig Jual,
2009b).
As gtiatig pstuig bga f 2010 ctact gtiatis,
CISA idicatd that i vsupply wuld ws i
the fourth quarter of 2009. Chinas imports for the rst three
quats w 469.4 Mt f i , a icas f almst 36%
fm ths f th sam pid duig th pvius ya. CISA
was pressing a unied iron ore import price and a qualicationsviw f i impts (Mtal Bullti, 2009c).
Transportation
Th Lak Cais Assciati ptd that th i
shipmts th Gat Laks fll t th lwst lvl i 71 yas.
I cags th Gat Laks (icluds Gat Laks ad
St. Lawc Saway pts t Gat Laks dstiatis) ttald
28.8 Mt, th lwst lvl sic 1938. I shipmts f
2009 w 53% f th 5-ya avag f 200408. Th S
Lcks th Gat Laks clsd f th sas Jauay 15
ad w pd Mach 25 i accdac with a
multiagcy agmt t allw ispcti ad maitac f
systms, stuctus, ad ky quipmt (Gat Laks & Saway
Shippig nws, 2009; Lak Cais Assciati, 2010a, b).
ealy i 2009, th CSL Argosy, a 800-ft bulk cai
ladd with i , a agud i th Chsapak Bay, just
th f Aaplis, MD. Th vssl, hadd t Baltim, MD,
had 19,300 t of iron ore removed and was reoated before
pcdig t ispcti i Aaplis (Amica Mtal Makt,
2009).
Foreign Trade
I 2009, U.S. xpts f i xcdd impts by a
slight magi, which pstd ly a mi pctag f
dmstic appat csumpti. expts dcasd by 65%,while imports decreased by 58% compared with 2008 gures.
U.S. i xpts w 96% pllts (3.8 Mt), ad 78% f
th xpts was shippd via th Gat Laks t Caadia stl
cmpais, whil 6% was shippd t Gmay, 5% ach t
Blgium ad Fac, 3% t Chia, 2% t Mxic, ad th st
t 21 th cutis. U.S. impts ttald 3.9 Mt, f which
Bazils sha dcasd t 5% fm 28% i 2008, Caadas
sha icasd t 81% fm 64%, ad Chils sha icasd
t 5% fm 2% i 2008 (tabls 1, 915).
World Industry Structure
Consumption.Althugh glbal i csumpti ist masud dictly, impts f i ad pducti f
cud stl, DrI, ad pig i ca b usd as guids t idicat
whth csumpti iss falls. DrI ad pig i pducti
a likly t b m dict idicats f i csumpti
tha cud stl pducti bcaus, t vayig dgs i ach
cuty, pat f stl pducti cms fm scap csumpti
i miimills. I t impts cat b usd as a
staightfwad idicat f a chag i i csumpti i
cutis that pduc i ulss a cutys pducti
mais cstat. Wld csumpti f i was stimatd
t hav dcasd slightly as idicatd by slight dcass i pig
i ad DrI pducti cmpad with 2008 lvls. of th i
cutis that had 2% m f wld pig i pducti i
2009, sv f th cutis shwd gativ gwth, icludig
th Uitd Stats, cmpaig 2009 pducti with ach
cutys avag pig i pducti fm 2005 thugh 2009.
Th gwth ats cmpad with th 5-ya avag (200509)
f ths cutis w as fllws: Idia, 26%; Chia, 22%;
rpublic f Ka, -4%; russia, -10%; Japa, -18%; Ukai,
-18%; Gmay, -28%; Bazil, -42%; ad th Uitd Stats,-43%. Of the ve leading producing countries of pig iron in
2009, ly Chia (16%) ad Idia (32%) shwd a icas i
pducti fm that f 2008dcass f th th cutis
w as fllws: Japa, 22%; th rpublic f Ka, 12%; ad
russia, 10%.
Itst i mi dvlpmt icasd twad th d f
2009 wig t a cvy fm th glbal cmic dwtu,
as pducs psitid thmslvs t tak advatag f
xpctd ctiuig high lvls f csumpti div by
Chis cmic gwth. With w i pducti
capacity, wld supply f i was xpctd t b adquat
thugh 2010.
Wld cud stl pducti fll t 1.2 billi mtic ts(Gt) fm 1.3 Gt i 2008. Six cutis pducd m tha 30
Mt f cud stl ach ad cmbid accutd f almst 70%
f wld pducti i 2009. of ths cutis, Chia pducd
abut 68 Mt m cud stl i 2009 tha i 2008 ad Idia
pducd 8 Mt m. Th ths (Gmay, Japa, rpublic
f Ka, ad th Uitd Stats) cmbid pducd 83 Mt
lss cud stl i 2009 tha i 2008. Aual wld cud stl
pducti, xcludig Chia, dcasd by m tha 130 Mt i
2009. Btw 2000 ad 2009, Chia, Gmay, Idia, Japa,
rpublic f Ka, russia, ad th Uitd Stats accutd f
tw-thids f cmbid wld cud stl pducti. Chias
2009 pducti was m tha 70% gat tha its avag
f th 10-ya pid, whil that f th Uitd Stats was 37%lss tha its avag f th 10-ya pid (Uitd natis
Cfc Tad ad Dvlpmt, 2010, p. 118121).
Production.Wld i pducti f 2.2 Gt, gss
wight, icasd slightly fm 2008 pducti lvls. Aual
wld pducti has xcdd 1 Gt, gss wight, ach ya
since it rst reached that level in 1995, and has exceeded 2
Gt sic 2007. Austalias ad Bazils cmbid sha f
wld pducti by gss wight fm 2005 thugh 2009
avagd 32%. I 2009, i was pducd i 42 cutis,
with pducti xcdig 1 Mt, gss wight, i 28 f ths
cutis. Wld DrI pducti dcasd t 64.4 Mt, which
was 5% lss tha that f 2008 (Midx Tchlgis, Ic.,
2010).
Trade.Wld i impts f 941 Mt s by 4%
cmpad with 2008 lvls. Fllwig lag ya--ya
icass i impts f th past 7 yas (21% i 2002, 33% i
2003, 40% i 2004, 32% i 2005, 19% i 2006, 17% i 2007,
ad 16% i 2008), Chia pstd ath shap is t 628 Mt
i 2009 fm 440 Mt i 2008a gai f m tha 40%. Sic
2000, fu cutis hav accutd f m tha tw-thids
f wld i impts. Gmays sha f impts i that
pid dcasd t 3% fm 10%, Japas sha dcasd t
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Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.5
11% fm 26%, ad th rpublic f Kas sha dcasd
t 4% fm 8%. Chias sha m tha tipld duig this
10-ya pid t 67% fm 14%. Austalias ad Bazils
cmbid sha f wld i xpts maid th sam at
67% i 2009 cmpad with thi visd sha i 2008. Fiv
cutis pstd m tha 86% f wld i xpts.
I dcasig d f makt sha, Austalia hld 38%; Bazil,
28%; Idia, 12%; Suth Afica, 5%; ad Caada, 3% (Uitd
natis Cfc Tad ad Dvlpmt, 2010,
p. 100103).I Chia, th Stat Admiistati f Taxati i th Miisty
f Fiac aucd th at f valu-addd tax f imptd
i wuld b aisd fm 13% t 17%. This icas
bcam ffctiv bgiig Jauay 1, 2009 (TeX rpt,
Th, 2009d). Accdig t Th TeX rpt (2010), Chia,
th wlds ladig impt f i , imptd 599 Mt f
agglmatd i ad 30 Mt f agglmatd i
2009. Th ladig xpts f agglmatd t Chia
w Austalia (43%), Bazil (23%), Idia (18%), ad Suth
Afica (6%), with th maid shad amg m tha 30
cutis. Th ladig xpts f agglmatd t Chia
w Bazil (25%), Caada (17%), Ukai (12%), russia
(11%), ad Kazakhsta (11%), with th maid shad amgm tha 23 cutis.
Mergers and Acquisitions.I octb, Cliffs xcisd
its right of rst refusal and announced it would purchase
Wabush Mis, with mi, ail, cctatig, plltizig, ad
pt patis i nwfudlad ad Labad, ad Qubc
Pvics, Caada. Cliffs plad t puchas Wabush Mis
fm th tw th jit-vtu patsAclMittal
Dfasc (Hamilt, otai, Caada) (a subsidiay f
AclMittal) ad U.S. Stl Caada (Hamilt, otai,
Caada) (a subsidiay f U.S. Stl). Th $88 milli puchas
wuld icas Cliffs wship i th patis t 100% fm
26.8%. Wabush Mis has a pducti capacity f 5.6 Mt/y
ad ptdly abut 70 Mt f i svs (Cliffs natualrsucs Ic., 2009c).
I Jauay, Val aucd a puchas ad sal agmt
with ri Tit t acqui 100% f th Cumb p pit i
patis i th Stat f Mat Gss d Sul, Bazil. Th
pic f th i assts was $750 milli ad icludd
assciatd lgistics asstspt ad bags. Th Cumb
Mi had a pducti capacity f 2.5 Mt/y ad ptdly had
pv ad pbabl svs at yad 2007 f 583 Mt with
a 62.7% i ctt. By mid-Sptmb, Val cmpltd
th puchas f th i mi, icludig assciatd taspt
patis th Paaguay riv. Val aucd ttativ
plas t icas pducti capacity at Cumb t 15 Mt/y at
a cst f gat tha $2 billi (Val S.A., 2009b, c).
Chialc, a Chis stat-wd tpis, ppsd a $19.5
billi ivstmt i ri Tit. Appximatly $7.2 billi
f th ivstmt wuld b i cvtibl bds, which wh
xcisd wuld giv Chialc 18% wship f ri Tit
(Wils ad ths, 2009). Austalias Fig Ivstmt
rviw Bad (FIrB) facd a iquiy by stat pstativs
it th bid by Chialc, as wll as a bid by ath Chis
stat-u tpis (Hua Vali I ad Stl Gup C. Ltd.)
f 16.5% itst i Ftscu Mtals. FIrB gulats fig
wship i Austalia cmpais ad sticts ctl f
atual sucs by fig titis (Wilshaw, 2009).
I Ju, a bidig agmt was sigd btw ri
Tit ad BHP Billit t fm a jit vtu cvig
pducti f bth cmpais Wst Austalia i
assts. Th 5050 wship was xpctd t hac ach
companys protability through combination of adjacent mines
into a single operating unit, more efcient utilization of rail and
pt facilitis, impvmt i bldig ad pduct quality,
ptimizati f futu facilitis gwth ad pjct dvlpmtad cmbiati f staff fuctis withi a sigl tity. This
mg fllws a bakdw f th ppsd dal btw
Chialc ad ri Tit, i which th Chis stat-wd
cmpay wuld hav btaid patial wship f ri Tit
(BHP Billit Ltd., 2009b, p. 1; Bidal, 2009).
BHP Billit ad ri Tit lat dcidd t t pcd with
th fmati f a jit-vtu i maktig tity ad
istad makt pducti fm thi plad jit vtu
spaatly. Th cmpais ctiud plas t mg pducti
and development units to take advantage of signicant
patial sygis (BHP Billit Ltd., 2009a). Th dcisi
t kp spaat maktig titis may aid gulats i
appraising the merger. CISAs unication of all Chinese iron orepuchasig i gaizati may b s, spcially i light
f th tw maj i pducig cmpais withdawal
from a unied sales strategy, as a strong move away from
balacd tad gtiatis twad a makt i which th
puchas (Chia) has gat ctl (Mtal Bullti, 2009f).
I Apil, Chias natial Dvlpmt ad rfm
Cmmissi appvd th puchas f 260 milli shas f
Austalias Ftscu Mtals by Hua Vali f $A644.8
milli (US$445 milli). Th sha puchas agmt,
givig Vali 17.3% f Ftscu capital wship, was sigd
Fbuay 25 ad subsqutly appvd by th Austalia
Fdal Tasu. Hua Vali plad t assist Ftscu i
obtaining additional debt nancing. It was estimated that anadditial $3 t $4 billi wuld b quid t ais pducti
capacity t 90 Mt/y fm 50 Mt/y at Ftscus i
mis. Ftscu is th thid lagst pduc f i i
Austalia ptdly with 1.6 Gt f i svs i Wst
Austalias Pilbaa rgi (Ftscu Mtals Gup Ltd., 2009).
I a fft t acqui additial quity itst i Austalia
i sucs, Chis ivsts sught ad civd
appval fm Austalias FIrB f Asha I & Stl
Gup t icas its quity wship f Gidalbi Mtals
Ltd. t 36.28% fm 12.6%. Gidalbi was dvlpig th
Kaaa i pjct i Wst Austalia, with plas f
pt dvlpmt at oakaj ad a jit-vtu pllt plat
i Chia (TeX rpt, Th, 2009b; Wall Stt Jual, Th,
2009). FIrB als appvd a $246 milli dal btw Ctx
Mtals Ltd. (Adlaid, Austalia) ad Wuha I & Stl C.
(WISCo). Chis Gvmt-wd WISCo was th abl
to take a 60% stake in iron ore rights to ve Centrex tenements
th ey Pisula i Suth Austalia. WISCo plad t
ivst a additial $169 milli i stagd paymts likd
t achivig JorC-ifd sucs f up t 2 Gt (Miig
Jual, 2009). Ctx als civd appval fm FIrB f
a jit vtu with Batu Stl Gup, a Chis stat-wd
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39.6 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
tity hadquatd i I Mglia. Th 5050 magtit
jit vtu plad t dvlp tmts th ey
Pisula, with pttial f pducti f btw 3 Mt/y ad
5 Mt/y (Mtal Bullti, 2009a).
World Review
Afghanistan.Th Miisty f Mis f Afghaista
qustd xpssis f itst f th Hajigak i dpsit.
Th dpsit was stimatd t ctai abut 1.8 Gt f i
sucs at a gad f 62% i ctt withi 16 bdisalg a stik lgth f 32 kilmts (km). Th dpsit is
lcatd abut 130 km wst f Kabul. Succssful applicats w
to be notied by the Ministry of Mines on or before May 20,
2009, ad wuld civ a bid packag f th Hajigak dpsit
(Miig Jual, 2009c). Th biddig was lat pd i
aly 2010 i d t impv taspacy issus latd t th
rst bidding process (Rupert and Najazada, 2010).
Australia.BHP Billit aucd full-ya pducti
gures for 2009. BHP Billitons share of salable quantities of
i (wt) w as fllws (Austalia, ulss thwis
specied)Area C Joint Venture (JV) (85% owned), 37.0
Mt; Gldswthy JV (85% wd), 1.7 Mt; Mt. nwma JV
ad Jimblba (85% wd), 30.4 Mt; Samac (Bazil) (50%
wd), 8.9 Mt; ad Yadi JV (85% wd), 39.9 Mt. BHP
Billits sha f ttal wld mi pducti was 117.8 Mt
i 2009, a slight icas fm that f 2008 (BHP Billit Ltd.,
2010a, p. 4).
BHP Billit cmpltd its rapid Gwth Pjct 4 with th
pig f th nwma Miig Hubth cmpays ct f
miig, cushig, ad scig i th east Pilbaa gi
f Wst Austalia. Th $1.85 billi pjct was dsigd t
ais BHP Billits pducti capacity i th Pilbaa by 26
Mt/y t 155 Mt/y, pat f a vall xpasi pla t ais
i pducti t 300 Mt/y by 2015. rapid Gwth Pjct
5, a $4.80 billi pjct with giig 85% cmplt adcstucti 25% cmplt by yad 2009, was xpctd
t add 50 Mt/y t systm capacity by th scd half f 2011
(Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009a; BHP Billit Ltd., 2010b).
Rio Tinto announced full-year production gures for 2009.
ri Tits sha f salabl quatitis f i plus pllts
were as follows (Australia, unless otherwise specied)
Chaa (60% wd), 6.6 Mt; Cumb (Bazil), 1.5 Mt;
east rag, 9.3 Mt; Hamsly, 106.8 Mt; Hp Dws
(50% wd), 10.3 Mt; I o Cmpay f Caada (IoC)
(58.7% wd), 8.1 Mt; ad rb riv (53% wd), 28.8 Mt.
ri Tits sha f ttal wld mi pducti was 171.5 Mt,
a 12% icas fm that f 2008 (ri Tit plc, 2010, p. 166).
ri Tit aucd that its HIsmlt pig i plat (Kwiaa,Wst Austalia) wuld b placd ca ad maitac
f 1 ya at th d f Mach. Th Kwiaa plat, with dsig
capacity f 800,000 t/y, usd ppitay, dict-smltig
tchlgy t pduc pig i fm high-phsphus i
nes and noncoking coal. Rio Tinto (60%), United States Nucor
Cp. (25%), Japas Mitsubishi Cp. (10%), ad Chias
Shugag Cp. (5%) jitly w th plat (TeX rpt, Th,
2009a).
Atlas I Ltd. (Wst Pth) scud additial bthig
facilitis at Pt Hdlad t big its pducti capacity t 6
Mt/y. Th Utah Pit facilitis w ud cstucti ad
w xpctd t bgi xpts f Atlas i i Apil 2010.
Atlas bga miig i fm its 100%-wd Pad
Mine in 2008, and shipped its rst direct shipping ore (DSO) in
Dcmb 2008 (Atlas I Ltd., 2009).
Ftscu Mtals dcidd t fud a xpasi f its
Pilbaa patis aft a dal with Chis ivsts faild.
Th ppsd $6 billi fudig quimt wuld b usd
t dubl i utput t 90 Mt/y. oigial fudig with
Chis ivsts had b tid t a agmt by Ftscu tsll 20 Mt f i t Chis stl mills at a 35% ducti
th pvius yas pics (Wlch, 2009).
Brazil.I 2009, Val ptd i pducti was 238
Mt (icluds Vals Samac, which was a jit vtu util
bcmig fully wd by Val i Sptmb)a 21% dcas
cmpad with that f 2008. Vals sha f salabl quatitis
f i was as fllws, i dcasig d f tag
Suthast Systm, 89.5 Mt; Caajs, 84.6 Mt; Suth
Systm, 55.2 Mt; ad Samac, 8.6 Mt. Val pllt pducti
i 2009 was 23.9 Mta 47% dcas cmpad with that f
2008. Th bakdw f salabl quatitis f i pllts
was as fllws, i dcasig d f pllt pducti
Samac, 8.0 Mt; nibasc, 5.8 Mt; Tuba I ad II, 3.9 Mt;Vagm Gad, 2.2 Mt; Kbasc, 1.7 Mt; Itabasc, 1.5 Mt;
Hispabas, 0.6 Mt; Fbica, 0.2 Mt; ad S Lus, 3,000 t. of
this pllt pducti, 14.0 Mt was blast fuac pllts ad 9.8
Mt was dict ducti pllts. A lag pat f pllt pducti
i 2009 was shut dw wig t ducd glbal dmad ad a
dsi t avid xcssiv ivty buildup. Th Vagm Gad
pllt plat ctiud t amp up pducti ad cstucti
ctiud tw w plats: Tuba VIII (16.5 Mt/y pllt
pducti capacity) ad ath plat i oma (9.8 Mt/y
dict ducti pllt pducti capacity) (Val S.A., 2010,
p. 2, 3).
MMX Mia Mtlics S.A. (ri d Jai)
aucd that sucs at its Sa Azul Mi had icasdve-fold to 515 Mt, with measured and indicated resources
ttalig 381 Mt (MMX Mia Mtlics S.A., 2009).
Canada.IoC [wd jitly by Labad I o ryalty
Icm Fud (15.1%), Mitsubishi Cpati (26.18%), ad
ri Tit (58.72%)] pducd 5.7 Mt f i cctats
ad 8.1 Mt f i pllts. AclMittal Mis Caada
(fmly Qubc Cati Miig Cmpay) pducd 13.1
Mt f i cctats ad pllts. Wabush Mis Ltd.
[wd jitly by AclMittal (28.6%), Cliffs (26.8%), ad
U.S. Stl Caada (44.6%)] pducd 2.7 Mt f i pllts
(AclMittal, 2010, p. 53; Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010,
p. 57; Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010b, p. 1011).
Cslidatd Thmps I Mis Ltd. (Tt, Caada)
sigd a ltt f agmt with Chias WISCo f th
ivstmt f $240 milli i tu f 19.9% f th shas
f Cslidatd Thmps. WISCo wuld als civ a
25% itst i th cmpay icpatd t pat th futu
Blm Lak i mi i Qubc. Blm Lak plad t
pduc 8 Mt/y f i , with xpasi pttial t
16 Mt/y. Iitial statup, althugh plad f lat 2009, was
pstpd t 2010 (Cslidatd Thmps I Mis Ltd.,
2009).
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Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.7
Labad I Mis (LIM) Hldigs Ltd. (Tt, otai)
acquid a additial 50 Mt f DSo i th Pvic f Qubc.
The deal was comprised of ve separate transactions, in which
Schffvill Mis Ic. (a fully wd subsidiay f LIM)
btaid ights t sval pptis i difft stags f
xplati ad dvlpmt. Th DSo pptis a lcatd
a th cmpays plad wst Labad patis, which
w schduld t bgi pducti i mid-2010 (Gd,
2009).
China.I Ju, it was ptd that Chia discvd amassiv i dpsit with 3 Gt f i ptd svs
i th thast pvic f Liaig. Th Dataigu dpsit
has a gad f btw 25% ad 62% i ad was lcatd
btw 1.2 ad 2.0 km blw th sufac.
Chia ctiud t pt w pjct dvlpmts i
advac f th upcmig 2010 i pic gtiatis. It
was ptd that a i dpsit with 1 Gt f svs was
discvd i Luaa, Tagsha City, Hbi Pvic, i th
th pat f th cuty. Th Machg dpsit was ptd
t ctai a avag gad f 35% i ad was lcatd
btw 100 ad 600 mts blw th sufac. Th Hbi
Gvmt ptd that th dpsit wuld b dvlpd by
Hbi I & Stl Gup, th cutys scd ladig stlpduc (Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010a).
Congo (Brazzaville).Xstata plc (Zug, Switzlad) plad
t ivst $50 milli t xpl th Zaaga i dpsit.
Zaaga is csidd a wld-class dpsit ad, if th sults f
the prefeasibility study were sufciently encouraging, Xstrata
plad t puchas th ppty ad bgi patis as s
as pssibl (ruts, 2009).
Liberia.Mmbs f th cutys paliamt aisd
ccs latd t th $2.6 billi agmt appvig
th dvlpmt f th Bg i dpsit by Chia
Ui Hldigs Ltd. (Shzh, Chia). Fial appval was
big withhld util issus latig t th basis f sm
tax exemptions were claried (Mining Journal, 2009a).AclMittal ptd a plad $1.5 billi i mi
statup wuld b dlayd wig t th dwtu f th glbal
cmy ad its ffct th stl makt. AclMittal still
planned to make its rst iron ore shipment from the Nimba Mine
i th thid quat f 2011, ad cstucti ad dvlpmt
wk wuld stat duig 2010 (Bishuvl, 2010).
Afica Aua Miig Ic. (Vacuv, Bitish Clumbia,
Caada) ptd ifd mial suc f 1.08 Gt
ctaiig a avag f 38% f i at th Cmpays Putu
jit vtu with Svstal. Th Putu i pjct is 38.5%
wd by Afica Aua. A pfasibility study was xpctd t
b cmpltd (Afica Aua Miig Ic., 2010, p. 1, 3, 6).
Peru.Shugag Gup (Chia), th pat cmpay f
Shugag Hi Pu S.A., aucd plas t ivst $1 billi
t dubl i pducti capacity at its Puvia i
patis by 2010. Th i pducti capacity was t b
aisd t 10 Mt/y (Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009f).
Russia.I mid-Jauay, Mikhailvsky Miig & Pcssig
(MGoK), wd by Mtallivst Hldig C. (Mscw,
russia), sumd i pllt pducti, which it had shut
dw t pfm pcssig plat maitac duig a dcli
i i makt dmad. MGoK had shippd stckpild
pllts whil pducti was idld at th Lbdisky ad
Mikhailvsky Mis sic nvmb 2008 (Itfax Ltd.
russia & CISMtals & Miig Wkly, 2009).
oJSC Magitgsk I & Stl Wks (Magitgsk,
russia) aucd th statup f i pducti at th
Ssvsky Mi i th Chlyabisk rgi. rsvs at th
Ssvsky dpsit w stimatd t b 70 Mt with a full
pducti at f btw 2.0 Mt/y ad 2.5 Mt/y, with 1
Mt/y f sit pducd by dy magtic spaati. Miig
ats f 370 Mt/y ad 500 Mt/y w aticipatd f 2009 ad2010, spctivly (oJSC Magitgsk I & Stl Wks,
2009).
Saudi Arabia.Ld Miig Plc (Ld, Uitd
Kigdm) ptd 157 Mt f sucs with a avag
gad f 41.1% i at th Wadi Sawawi pspct. Th
fasibility study suggstd a u-f-mi pducti at f 11.6
Mt/y with a ability t pduc 5.5 Mt/y f dict-ducti
i pllts. Th iitial capital csts w stimatd t b $1.8
billi. Ld Miig wuld dvlp th pjct with Saudi
Aabias natial Miig C. (Miig Jual, 2009d).
South Africa.Kumba I o Ltd. (Ctui), th futh
ladig suppli f i f th sab tad, ctiud
wk th Klmla Mi, fmly kw as th SishSuth Mi. Th w mi, lcatd 70 km suthwst f th
xistig Sish Mi, was xpctd t bgi pducig i 2012,
with a aual pducti capacity f 9 Mt (Cam, 2009).
Sweden.At Lussavaaa-Kiiuavaaa Aktiblag (LKAB)
(Lul) i pllt pducti dcasd t 14.7 Mt fm
19.9 Mt i 2008. Pllt pducti was mst f th ttal
production, although 3.0 Mt of nes and minor special products
w pducd, a dcas i pducti f this matial fm
3.9 Mt i 2008. Dcasd pducti sultd fm all six
pellet plants being closed intermittently during the rst half
f th ya wig t dcliig makt cditis. LKAB
aucd Kiuas pv svs t b 598 Mt at 48.6%
i ctt, ad pbabl svs f a additial 76 Mtat 46.4% i ctt. Th cmpay ptd Malmbgts
pv svs t b 298 Mt at 43.8% i ctt,
ad pbabl svs f 52 Mt at 37.8% i ctt
(Lussavaaa-Kiiuavaaa Aktiblag, 2010, p. 5, 19).
Venezuela.Th Vzula Gvmt uilatally
assumd xclusiv ctl f th Matials Sidgics SA
(Matsi) 1.5-Mt/y ht biquttd i (HBI) plat, fmly
wd by Tais SA (Luxmbug). Th th pivatly
wd ht biquttd i pducs w i gtiatis f
th atializati f thi hldigs. Lat i th ya, fllwig
atializati f sval HBI plats, xtmly lw lvls f
HBI pducti w ptd. Tchical pblms, lab issus
ad utput cuts causd by lw pics ad dcasig dmad f
pduct all ctibutd t ths lw pducti lvls (Wik,
2009a, b).
Outlook
It appad that U.S. pducti i 2010 wuld icas
almst t 2008 lvls, ad idicatis w that cvy
fm th stg cmic dwtu wuld ctiu it 2011
with stl ad i pducti tuig t tags s
i th pvius dcad. Mst U.S. i pducti is sld
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39.8 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
dictly t th dmstic stl idusty, althugh a lag amut
f dmstic is shippd t Caada ad small amuts a
gally xptd t th cutis. nith th dmstic
dpdc th patt f xpts t Caada is xpctd
t chag i th a futu, althugh chags i wship f
sm stl plats hav ld t mi chags i th cutis
fm which i is imptd.
Tds i th stl idusty a pvidd i th outlk
scti i th I ad Stl chapt f th 2009 USGS Mials
Yabk, vlum I, Mtals ad Mials. Th dvlpmt fpjcts, usig w ad xistig dict ducti tchlgy
big dvlpd i th Mista, was xpctd t
cuag gwth f th U.S. i idusty withi th xt
fw yas, as dvlpmts such as Stl Dyamics Msabi
nuggt pjct cms t full pducti ad essa Stls
Mista I pjct is built.
Th icas i Chis i impts i 2009 was a maj
idicat f gwth i th glbal i idusty. ovall
wld tad i i icasd ad itatial impts f
i ad pducti f i ad pig iky idicats
f i csumptipitd twad ctiud dpdc
by th glbal i idusty icasig Chis i
csumpti. Chia was bcmig icasigly ivlvd ivsas pjcts i Austalia ad th Afica ctit
thugh quity paticipati, which may wll affct th balac
f supply ad dmad f i i th midtm. Dwwad
pic pssus wuld b aticipatd as Chia acquis
additial sucs f supply, which may hlp t ffst ducd
supply fm Idia, wh it is xpctd that th dmstic stl
idusty will tak a lag sha f i pducti.
Fllwig th cmic dwtu, which ctiud thugh
mst f 2009, th aual bchmak systm f picig lst its
pdmiac i aual glbal i sals. It is xpctd
that m fqut bchmakig ad idics dvlpd
basd spt sals will bcm a much stg fact i th
dtmiati f futu picig. Th pssibility f dvlpiga cmmdity xchag f th sal f i still mais
may yas i th futu. Th w picig systm, f th sht
tm, appas t giv a advatag t th fw maj i
pducs with spct t th may stl cmpais dig t
mak puchass.
Dvlpmt f w i mis i th xt fw yas ca
b xpctd t add pducti capacity fast tha th gwth f
dmad, if ths pjcts alady csidd stgly pbabl
f cmig stam i th xt fw yas actually d. Althugh
supply is xpctd t mai tight i lati t dmad, sm
easing of the supply decit of iron ore needed to satisfy the iron
quimts f Chia ad Idias gwig stl idustis
ca b xpctd. This wuld pssibly lad t a lvlig ff f
pic gwth i 2010 thugh 2013.
nw dvlpmts ad gwth f DrI tchlgy wuld
allw th i idusty t bcm a maj suppli t a
xpadig DrI sct, as wll as t xistig custmsth
itgatd stl plats. Castal U.S. stl pducs alady ly
imptd DrI t supply a quality aw-matial iput t hlp
meet steel alloy purity specications, which cannot be obtained
slly usig taditial scap. Hwv, v i th vt f
stg glbal DrI gwth duig th xt dcad, DrI wuld b
abl t plac ly a small pti f th wlds blast fuac
production. Although no new greeneld pig iron facilities
hav b built i th Uitd Stats i th past 30 yas, ad
wig i pat t th ctiud slw gwth i th DrI makt,
th blast fuac, with its d f a assud supply f i ,
is xpctd t mai th maistay f th i ad stl idusty
i th immdiat futu.
References Cited
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. 33, Jauay 22, p. 8.
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nvmb 23, 4 p. (Accssd May 27, 2010, via http://
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nth Amica busiss uit updat: Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., July 2,
1 p. (Accssd July 2, 2009, via http://www. cliffsatualsucs.cm/.)
Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2009c, Cliffs natual rsucs t xcis
right of rst refusal and acquire partners 73.2% interest in Wabush Mines:
Clvlad, oH, Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. ws las, octb 12, 3 p.
(Accssd May 27, 2010, via http://www.cliffsatualsucs.cm/.)
Cliffs natual rsucs Ic., 2010, Fm 10KFiscal ya 2009: Washigt
DC, Scuitis ad exchag Cmmissi, Fbuay 18, 171 p. (AccssdJauay 7, 2011, via http://www.cliffsatualsucs.cm/.)
Cslidatd Thmps I Mis Ltd., 2009, Cslidatd Thmps
aucs US$240 milli statgic ivstmt fm Wuha I ad Stl
Gup: Cslidatd Thmps I Mis Ltd. ws las, Mach 30, 2 p
(Accssd Ju 12, 2009, via http://www.cslidatdthmps.cm/.)
Creamer, Martin, 2009, How new Kolomela mine ts into Kumbas overall
i- busiss: Cam Mdias Miig Wkly, Dcmb 4. (Accssd
Jauay 21, 2011, at http://www.miigwkly.cm/pit-vsi/
how-new-kolomela-mine-ts-into-kumbas-overall-iron-ore-
busiss-2009-12-04.)
Dig, Liam, 2009, BHP swigs th hamm at th i makt: Th Wall
Stt Jual, July 30, p. C10.
-
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10/23
Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.9
Ftscu Mtals Gup Ltd., 2009, Chias nDrC appvs Vali ivstmt:
east Pth, Austalia, Ftscu Mtals Gup Ltd. mdia las, Apil 22,
2 p.
Gd, Lisa, 2009, Labad I puchass build hldigs: Amica
Mtal Makt, v. 117, . 511, Dcmb 21, p. 7.
Gat Laks & Saway Shippig nws, 2009, S Lcks cls tday, p
Mach 25: Sault St. Mai, MI, Gat Laks & Saway Shippig nws,
Jauay 15. (Accssd Jauay 10, 2011, via http://www.batd.cm/.)
Itfax Ltd.russia & CISMtals & Miig Wkly, 2009, Mtallivsts
MGoK miig uit sums pducti: Mscw, russia, Itfax Ltd.
russia & CISMtals & Miig Wkly, v. xix, issu 1, Jauay 15, p. 24.
Lak Cais Assciati, 2010a, 2009 Gat Laks i ttal lwst sic
1938: Clvlad, oH, Lak Cais Assciati ws las, Jauay 7,1 p.
Lak Cais Assciati, 2010b, I shipmts fm Gat Laks ad
Saway pts t Gat Laks dstiatisYa-t-dat 2004-2009 ad
5-ya avag: Clvlad, oH, Lak Cais Assciati, Jauay 7, 2 p.
Li, Hgmi, 2009, Chia sks asabl 2009 i pic, says Cisas
Sha: Mtal Bullti, . 9079, Jauay 5, p. 13.
Lussavaaa-Kiiuavaaa Aktiblag, 2010, Aual pt ad sustaiability
pt 2009: Lul, Swd, Lussavaaa-Kiiuavaaa Aktiblag,
Mach 26, 110 p.
Matthews, R.G., 2009a, Steel rms close in on cheaper iron ore: The Wall Street
Jual, Apil 17, p. B3.
Matthws, r.G., 2009b, ValMi t fllw BHP, ri i Chia -pic
dals: Th Wall Stt Jual, July 31, p. B4.
Mtal Bullti, 2009a, Austalia: Mtal Bullti, . 9125, nvmb 23, p. 21.
Metal Bulletin, 2009b, Cisa sends representative to iron ore talks for the rst
tim: Mtal Bullti, . 9086, Fbuay 23, p. 14.Mtal Bullti, 2009c, Cisa was f suplus i Q4: Mtal Bullti, . 9123,
nvmb 9, p. 22.
Mtal Bullti, 2009d, I assciati fmd: Mtal Bullti, . 9110,
August 10, p. 26.
Mtal Bullti, 2009, nth AmicaMagtati: Mtal Bullti, . 9088,
Mach 9, p. 17.
Mtal Bullti, 2009f, Th sigl paty systm: Mtal Bullti, . 9120,
octb 19, p. 3.
Midx Tchlgis, Ic., 2010, 2009 Wld dict ducti statistics:
Chaltt, nC, Midx Tchlgis, Ic., 1st quat, 12 p. (Accssd
Jauay 15, 2011, via http://www.midx.cm/.)
Miig Jual, 2009a, Bg dal quis: Miig Jual, Fbuay 27, p. 7.
Miig Jual, 2009b, Ftscu scus i- bchmak: Miig Jual,
August 21, p. 1.
Miig Jual, 2009c, rqust f xpssi f itstHajigak i
dpsit: Miig Jual, Mach 27, p. 23.Miig Jual, 2009d, Saudi Aabia i pla viabl: Miig Jual,
Fbuay 27, p. 9.
Miig Jual, 2009, WISCo clad f Austalia i- ivstmt:
Miig Jual, nvmb 6, p. 4.
Mista Dpatmt f rvu, 2009, 2009 Mista miig tax guid:
evlth, Mn, Mista Dpatmt f rvu, nvmb, 59 p.
Mista Dpatmt f rvu, 2010, 2010 Mista miig tax guid:
evlth, Mn, Mista Dpatmt f rvu, nvmb, 59 p.
MMX Mia Mtlics S.A., 2009, Tchical pt f Sa Azuls
mial sucs: ri d Jai, Bazil, MMX Mia Mtlics S.A.
ws las, Apil 6, 1 p. (Accssd Ju 30, 2009, at http://mmx.ifivst.
cm.b/u/1448/CmuicadrlatiSrK_igFInAL.pdf.)
oJSC Magitgsk I & Stl Wks, 2009, MMK stats pducti at its
Ssvsky i dpsit: oJSC Magitgsk I & Stl Wks pss
las, August 11, 1 p. (Accssd August 13, 2009, via http://www.mmk.u/.)
rdm, Chis, 2009, Th xt i ush: Ftu, v. 159, . 11, May 25,
p. 8490.
ruts, 2009, Xstata mvs it i- with Cg-rp pjct: Cam
Mdia (Pty) Ltd., nvmb 24. (Accssd nvmb 25, 2009, via http://
www.miigwkly.cm/.)
ri Tit plc, 2010, 2009 aual pt: Ld, Uitd Kigdm, ri Tit
plc, Mach 5, 237 p.
ritchi, Mati, 2009, Hus ast sds waig t supplis t tak ca wh
dig busiss i Chia: Mtal Bullti, . 9106, July 13, p. 18.
Rupert, James, and Najazada, Eltafm, 2010, Afghanistan to scrap iron mine
bids v taspacy issus: Blmbg Busisswk, Fbuay 2.
(Accssd Jauay 18, 2011, at http://www.busisswk.cm/ws/
2010-02-02/afghaista-t-scap-i-mi-bids-v-taspacy-issus.
html.)
Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009a, BHP cmplts rapid Gwth Pjct 4:
Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 98, . 12, Dcmb, p. 9.
Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009b, Ktac wks gt big lt dw: Skilligs
Miig rviw, v. 98, . 11, nvmb, p. 6.
Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009c, Msabi nuggtA stady psc f th
rag: Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 98, . 12, Dcmb, p. 45.
Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009d, Mitac statig pducti lis: Skilligs
Miig rviw, v. 98, . 9, Sptmb, p. 9.
Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009, nthsh xtds shutdw: Skilligs
Miig rviw, v. 98, . 6, Ju, p. 8.
Skilligs Miig rviw, 2009f, Shugag t ivst $1 billi Puviapati: Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 98, . 3, Mach, p. 36.
Skillings Mining Review, 2010a, China nds 1 billion ton iron ore deposit:
Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 99, . 1, Jauay, p. 12.
Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010b, 2010 nth Amica i udup:
Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 99, . 7, July, p. 8, 1215.
Skilligs Miig rviw, 2010c, 2010 nth Amica i udup
ctiud: Skilligs Miig rviw, v. 99, . 8, August, p. 6, 7.
Stl Dyamics, Ic., 2010, Aual pt 2009: Ft Way, In, Stl
Dyamics, Ic., Apil 9, 16 p. (Accssd May 17, 2010, via http://
www.stldyamics.cm/.)
TeX rpt, Th, 2009a, Austalia HIsmlt plat placd ca, maitac
pgam: Th TeX rpt, v. 41, . 9696, Mach 27, p. 4.
TeX rpt, Th, 2009b, Austalias FIrB appvs Gidalbi Mtals sha
placmt t Astl: Th TeX rpt, v. 41, . 9725, May 13, p. 4.
TeX rpt, Th, 2009c, Chias May 09 i impts g high at 53 Mt:
Th TeX rpt, v. 41, . 9747, Ju 12, p. 5.TeX rpt, Th, 2009d, Chis MoF aiss VAT imptd i : Th
TeX rpt, v. 41, . 9641, Jauay 6, p. 1.
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Thompson, Dionne, 2009, Rio settles with Japanese millsDown 33% for nes
ad dw 44% f lump: Mtal Bullti, . 9100, Ju 1, p. 13.
Uitd natis Cfc Tad ad Dvlpmt, 2010, Th i
makt20092011: Gva, Switzlad, Uitd natis Cfc
Tad ad Dvlpmt, Ju, 121 p.
Uitd Stats Stl Cp., 2010, 2009 aual pt ad fm 10K: Pittsbugh,
PA, Uitd Stats Stl Cp., Fbuay 24, 99 p. ad appdix. (Accssd
May 18, 2010, via http://www.usstl.cm/.)
Val S.A., 2009a, Val adpts a w cpat amVal S.A.: ri d Jai
Bazil, Val S.A. ws las, May 22, 1 p. (Accssd Ju 30, 2009, via
http://www.val.cm/.)
Val S.A., 2009b, Val ccluds th acquisiti f Cumb: ri d Jai,Bazil, Val S.A. pss las, Sptmb 18, 1 p. (Accssd Apil 29, 2010,
via http://www.val.cm/.)
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Bazil, Val S.A. ws las, Jauay 30, 1 p. (Accssd May 22, 2009, via
http://www.val.cm/.)
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S.A., Fbuay 10, 14 p. (Accssd Ju 22, 2010, via http://www.val.cm/.)
Wall Street Journal, The, 2009, Fortescue Metals to seek China nancing: The
Wall Stt Jual, May 11, p. B6.
Wlch, Kathi, 2009, Ftscu fuds itslf as Chis dal fails: Miig
Jual, octb 16, p. 6.
Wik, Jua, 2009a, Vzula HBI utput st f dldums i octb p
pics, tchical hitchs: Mtal Bullti, . 9120, octb 19, p. 17.
Wik, Jua, 2009b, Vzula taks ctl f Matsi as cmmissis stat wk
with th HBI pducs: Mtal Bullti, . 9112, August 24, p. 12.
Wilshaw, Blak, 2009, Cc v Chias ivstmts: Miig Jual,
Fbuay 27, p. 1.
Wils, Alx, ost, Shai, ad Caw, rick, 2009, Chialcs dal f ri facs
tw w hudls: Th Wall Stt Jual, Fbuay 13, p. B3.
GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION
U.S. Geological Survey Publications
I. Ch. i Uitd Stats Mial rsucs, Pfssial
Pap 820, 1973.
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39.10 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
Itatial I ad Stl Istitut.
I ad Stl Scity.
I o. Ch. i Mial Facts ad Pblms, U.S. Buau f
Mis Bullti 675, 1985.
natual rsucs Caada.
rskill Ifmati Svics Ltd. pts.
Skilligs Mista Miig Dicty, aual.
TeX rpt, Th, ad I o Maual, aual.
Uitd natis Cfc Tad ad Dvlpmt:
Tust Fud Pjct I o Ifmati.U.S. Dpatmt f egy, egy Ifmati Admiistati.
U.S. Dpatmt f Lab, Mi Safty ad Halth
Admiistati.
TABLe 1
SALIenT Iron ore STATISTICS1
(Thusad mtic ts ad thusad dllas ulss thwis spcifid)
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Uitd Stats, i , usabl, lss tha 5% magas:2
Pducti 54,300 52,700 52,500 53,600 26,700
Shipmts:
Quatity 53,200 52,700 50,900 53,600
27,600
Valu 2,370,000 2,840,000 3,040,000 3,770,000 2,560,000
Avag valu at mis dllas p mtic t 44.50 53.88 59.64 70.43 92.76
expts:
Quatity 11,800 8,270 9,310 11,100 3,920
Valu 584,000 636,000 718,000 1,240,000 356,000
Impts f csumpti:
Quatity 13,000 11,500 9,400 9,250 3,870
Valu 532,000 611,000 543,000 918,000 376,000
Csumpti, i ad agglmats 60,100 58,200 54,700 51,900 31,000
Stcks, Dcmb 31:
At mis, plats ad ladig dcks3 2,040 1,650 4 2,090 4 4,070 4 5,060 4
At civig dcks5 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6)
At csumig plats (6) (6) (6) (6) (6)
Ttal7 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6)
Additial stcks, Dcmb 31:
Cud at mis ad plats 915 1,1404
7494
9474
5804
Uagglmatd cctats f plltizig plats 1,870 1,260 1,550 1,320 896
Wld, pducti8 1,550,000 1,840,000 2,040,000 2,210,000 2,240,000
estimatd.
rvisd.
1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.
2Dict-shippig , cctats, agglmats, ad bypduct .
3
excluds bypduct .4Cud stcks ad uagglmatd cctats f plltizig plats mvd. Maktabl stcks ly.
5Tasf ad/ civig dcks f lw Gat Lak pts.
6Amica I ad Stl Istitut lg cllcts this data as f 2004.
7Sum f stcks at mis, csumig plats, ad U.S. dcks.
8Gss wight.
I o. Ch. i Mtal Pics i th Uitd Stats Thugh 1998,
U.S. Glgical Suvy Spcial Publicati, 1999.
I o. Ch. i Mial Cmmdity Summais, aual.
I o. Mial Idusty Suvys, mthly.
Other
Amica Mtal Makt.
Assciati f I ad Stl egis.
Cmpay aual pts t stckhlds ad 10K pts t
Scuitis ad exchag Cmmissi.egiig ad Miig Jual.
Istitut Lak Supi Glgy.
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Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.11
TABLe 2
eMPLoYMenT AT Iron ore MIneS AnD BeneFICIATInG PLAnTS, QUAnTITY AnD Tenor oF ore ProDUCeD, AnD AVerAGe
oUTPUT Per WorKer HoUr In THe UnITeD STATeS In 2009, BY DISTrICT AnD STATe1
Pducti
I ctaid I Avag quatity p wk hu
Avag Cud Usabl i usabl ctt (mtic ts)
umb f Wk hus (thusad (thusad (thusad atual I
Distict ad Stat mplys (thusads) mtic ts) mtic ts) mtic ts) (pct) Cud Usabl ctaid
Lak Supi:
Michiga2 1,170 2,430 21,800 8,300 5,000 60.3 8.96 3.41 2.06
Mista 2,300 4,430 59,000 18,400 11,500 62.8 13.32 4.15 2.61
Ttal avag 3,470 6,860 80,800 26,700 16,500 62.0 11.78 3.89 2.41
oth Stats3 56 116 14 14 8 54.0 0.12 0.12 0.07
Gad ttal avag 3,530 6,980 80,800 26,700 16,500 62.0 11.58 3.83 2.371Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits, xcpt Avag p wk hu, cud may t add t ttals shw.
2Ds t iclud pfssial clical wks at mis, plltizig plats, maitac shps, sach lab wks.
3Icluds Califia ad Suth Dakta.
TABLe 3
CrUDe Iron ore MIneD In THe UnITeD STATeS In 2009, BY DISTrICT,
STATe, AnD MInInG MeTHoD1, 2
op pit Udgud Ttal
numb (thusad (thusad (thusad
Distict ad Stat f mis mtic ts) mtic ts) mtic ts)
Lak Supi:
Michiga 2 21,800 -- 21,800
Mista 6 59,000 -- 59,000
Ttal 8 80,800 -- 80,800
oth Stats 4 14 -- 14
Gad ttal 12 80,800 -- 80,800
-- Z.1Icluds sm bypduct . excluds ctaiig 5% m magas.
2Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t
ttals shw.
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39.12 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
TABLe 4
USABLe Iron ore ProDUCeD In THe UnITeD STATeS In 2009, BY DISTrICT,
STATe, AnD TYPe oF ProDUCT1, 2
(Thusad mtic ts)
Dict oth
Distict ad Stat shippig Cctats Sit agglmats3 Ttal
Lak Supi:
Michiga 2 -- -- 8,300 8,300
Mista -- 271 65 18,000 18,400
Ttal 2 271 65 26,300 26,700
oth Stats4 -- 14 -- -- 14
Gad ttal 2 285 65 26,300 26,700
-- Z.1excluds ctaiig 5% m magas.
2Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.
3Data may iclud pllt chips, scigs, ad sit.
4Icluds Califia ad Suth Dakta.
TABLe 5
SHIPMenTS oF USABLe Iron ore FroM MIneS In THe UnITeD STATeS In 20091, 2
Avag
Gss wight f shippd i(thusad mtic ts) ctt,
Dict oth atual Valu
Distict ad Stat shippig Cctats Sit agglmats Ttal (pct) (thusads)
Lak Supi:
Michiga 2 -- -- 8,870 3 8,870 3 60.3 W
Mista -- 271 77 18,400 18,700 62.8 W
Ttal ptabl avag 2 271 77 27,200 27,600 62.0 $2,560,000
oth Stats4 -- 14 -- -- 14 54.0 921
Gad ttal avag 2 285 77 27,200 27,600 62.0 2,560,000
W Withhld t avid disclsig cmpay ppitay data; icludd i Ttal ptabl avag. -- Z.1Icluds bypduct . excluds ctaiig 5% m magas.
2Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.
3Suc ptd t Scuitis ad exchag Cmmissi.4Icluds Califia ad Suth Dakta.
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Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.13
TABLe 6
Iron ore-ProDUCInG MIneS In THe UnITeD STATeS In 2009
Stat ad mi Cuty opat Suc f i
Califia:
Baxt Mi Sa Badi Hahm Itatial Ic. Quaid .
Ddg 21 Yuba Cal Sia Dvlpmt Ic. Ddgd sads.
Silvlak Mi Sa Badi Hahm Itatial Ic. Quaid .
Michiga:
empi Maqutt Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. Magtit tacit .
Tild d. d. Hmatit-magtit tacit .
Mista:
Hibbig Tacit Sait Luis d. Magtit tacit .
Kwati Tacit d. Uitd Stats Stl Cpati D.
Msabi Chif Plat d. Magtati, Ic. Hmatit tailigs.
Mitac d. Uitd Stats Stl Cpati Magtit tacit .
Mica d. AclMittal D.
nthsh d. Cliffs natual rsucs Ic. D.
Uitd Tacit d. d. D.
Suth Dakta, CF & I Pit Lawc Pt Li & Ss Ic. Quaid .
D., d. Ditt.
TABLe 7
ConSUMPTIon oF Iron ore AT U.S. Iron
AnD STeeL PLAnTS, BY TYPe oF ProDUCT1
(Thusad mtic ts)
Typ f pduct 2008 2009Blast fuacs:
Dict-shippig -- --
Pllts 43,800 26,200
Sit2 6,380 3,720
Ttal 50,200 29,900
Stlmakig fuacs:
Dict-shippig 465 327
Sit2 118 91
Ttal 583 417
Gad ttal 50,700 30,400
-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat
digits; may t add t ttals shw.2Icluds biqutts, duls, ad th.
Suc: Amica I ad Stl Istitut.
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39.14 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
TABLe 8
U.S. ConSUMPTIon oF Iron ore For
DIreCT-reDUCeD Iron AnD nonSTeeL enD USeS1, 2
(Thusad mtic ts)
Dict-ducd
i f nstl
Ya stlmakig3
d uss4 Ttal
2005 330 928 1,2602006 360 867 1,230
2007 375 699 1,070
2008 390 734 1,120
2009 -- 603 603
-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits;
may t add t ttals shw.2Icluds agglmats. excluds ctaiig 5% m
magas.3U.S. Glgical Suvy stimats basd pducti
pts cmpild by Midx Cp.4A stimat, which icluds i csumd i pducti
f cmt ad i shippd f us i maufactuigpait, fits, havy mdia, cattl fd, facty ad
wighig matials, ad f us i lad smltig.
TABLe 9
U.S. eXPorTS oF Iron ore, BY CoUnTrY oF DeSTInATIon1, 2
(Thusad mtic ts ad thusad dllas)
2008 2009
Cuty Quatity Valu Quatity Valu
Algia 80 $7,690 -- --
Blgium 218 20,900 194 $18,600
Caada 9,030 1,020,000 3,060 276,000
Chia 91 7,210 99 5,800
Clmbia 12 946 20 1,210
Czch rpublic 83 7,930 -- --
Fac 210 20,100 179 17,200
Gmay 156 14,900 234 22,400
Malaysia 25 499 1 60
Mxic 328 43,200 70 8,730
Plad 103 9,890 -- --
rmaia 129 12,400 -- --
Sbia 51 7,850 -- --
Slvakia 505 61,700 -- --
Suth Afica -- -- 53 5,050
Spai 103 9,770 -- --Swd 4 291 6 427
oth3 13 1,620 6 442
Ttal 11,100 1,240,000 3,920 356,000
rvisd. -- Z.
1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.
2Icluds agglmats.
3Icluds all cutis with lss tha 5,000 mtic ts f xpts fm th Uitd
Stats i 2008 ad 2009. This psts 13 cutis i 2008 ad 16 cutis i 2009.
Suc: U.S. Csus Buau.
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8/22/2019 2009 Minerals Yearbook Iron Ore.pdf
16/23
Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.15
TABLe 10
U.S. eXPorTS oF Iron ore, BY TYPe oF ProDUCT1, 2
2008 2009
Uit Uit
Quatity valu3, 4 Quatity valu
3, 4
(thusad Valu (dllas p (thusad Valu (dllas p
Typ f pduct mtic ts) (thusads) mtic t) mtic ts) (thusads) mtic t)
Cctats 142 $13,000 91.24 123 $7,850 63.84
Cas s 45 1,160 25.63 4 182 45.50Fi s 136 12,500 91.71 25 1,560 62.52
Pllts 10,800 1,220,000 112.64 3,760 346,000 92.10
Biqutts (5) 4 79.15 3 259 86.33
oth agglmats 19 1,100 13.37 (5) 22 80.00
rastd pyits 1 102 90.66 1 71 71.00
Ttal 11,100 1,240,000 111.67 3,920 356,000 90.97
rvisd.
1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits, xcpt uit valu; may t add t ttals shw.
2Icluds agglmats.
3Uit valus shw a calculatd fm uudd data.
4Wightd avag calculatd fm uudd data by dividig ttal valu by ttal tag.
5Lss tha uit.
Suc: U.S. Csus Buau.
-
8/22/2019 2009 Minerals Yearbook Iron Ore.pdf
17/23
39.16 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
TABLe 11
U.S. IMPorTS oF Iron ore, BY CoUnTrY AnD TYPe oF ProDUCT1, 2
2008 2009
Uit Uit
Quatity valu3, 4 Quatity valu
3, 4
Cuty ad (thusad Valu (dllas p (thusad Valu (dllas p
typ f pduct mtic ts) (thusads) mtic t) mtic ts) (thusads) mtic t)
Cuty:
Bsia ad Hzgvia 23 $1,570 68.43 -- -- --Bazil 2,620 216,000 82.45 188 $13,100 69.65
Caada 5,900 645,000 109.35 3,140 323,000 102.70
Chil 215 16,800 78.25 203 16,100 79.14
Chia 14 266 19.00 (5) 2 33.33
Filad 6 233 38.83 6 367 61.17
Mxic 52 4,290 82.56 55 4,610 83.73
Pu 59 3,100 52.59 34 1,670 49.03
russia 127 16,000 126.06 136 8,240 60.60
Suth Afica -- -- -- 43 2,980 69.23
Swd 88 4,540 51.59 31 3,190 102.74
Switzlad 70 5,410 77.29 -- -- --
Uitd Kigdm -- -- -- 8 1,630 203.75
Vzula 68 4,210 61.85 21 825 39.29
oth6 4 185 98.92 8 224 39.75
Ttal 9,250 918,000 99.26 3,870 376,000 96.97
Typ f pduct:
Cctats 1,250 92,200 73.79 283 22,300 78.95
Cas s 48 1,970 41.10 16 2,330 145.50
Fi s 1,980 149,000 75.59 466 34,900 74.91
Pllts 5,960 674,000 113.03 3,100 315,000 101.90
Biqutts 1 97 97.00 4 159 39.75
oth agglmats -- -- -- 3 104 34.67
rastd pyits 12 537 44.75 6 367 61.17
Ttal 9,250 918,000 99.26 3,870 376,000 96.97
-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits, xcpt uit valu; may t add t ttals shw.
2Icluds agglmats.
3Uit valus shw a calculatd fm uudd data.
4Wightd avag calculatd fm uudd data by dividig ttal valu by ttal tag.
5Lss tha uit.
6Icluds fu cutis with lss tha 5,000 mtic ts f impts t th Uitd Stats i bth 2008 ad 2009.
Suc: U.S. Csus Buau.
-
8/22/2019 2009 Minerals Yearbook Iron Ore.pdf
18/23
Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.17
TABLe 12
U.S. IMPorTS oF Iron ore In 2009, BY CoUnTrY AnD TYPe oF ProDUCT1, 2
(Thusad mtic ts)
Biqutts
Cas Fi ad th rastd
Cuty f igi Cctats s s Pllts agglmats pyits Ttal
Bazil -- -- 150 38 -- -- 188
Caada -- -- 245 2,900 -- -- 3,140
Chil 198 -- 5 -- -- -- 203
Filad -- -- -- -- -- 6 6
Mxic 52 -- -- -- 3 -- 55
Pu -- -- 29 5 -- -- 34
russia -- -- -- 136 -- -- 136
Suth Afica 33 8 2 -- -- -- 43
Swd -- -- 31 -- -- -- 31
Uitd Kigdm -- 8 -- -- -- -- 8
Vzula -- -- -- 21 -- -- 21
oth3 -- (4) 4 -- 4 -- 8
Ttal 283 16 466 3,100 7 6 3,870
-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.
2Icluds agglmats.
3Icluds all cutis with lss tha 5,000 mtic ts f impts t th Uitd Stats. This psts th cutis.
4Lss tha uit.
Suc: U.S. Csus Buau.
TABLe 13
AVerAGe UnIT VALUe For SeLeCTeD IMPorTS oF Iron ore In 20091
Avag uit valu2
(dllas p mtic t,
Typ f pduct Cuty f igi gss wight)
Cctats Chil 79.53
D. Mxic 86.33
D. Suth Afica 64.28
Fi s Bazil 63.96
D. Caada 82.29
D. Pu 47.97
D. Swd 102.12
Pllts Bazil 93.23
D. Caada 104.44D. russia 60.68
D. Ditt.1Icluds agglmats.
2Wightd avags f idividual custms valus.
Suc: U.S. Csus Buau.
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8/22/2019 2009 Minerals Yearbook Iron Ore.pdf
19/23
39.18 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
Custms distict Quatity Valu Quatity Valu
Baltim, MD 3,590 $338,000 781 $67,400
Buffal, nY 1 43 -- --
Chalst, SC 28 647 6 151
Chicag, IL 1,160 81,600 637 45,000
Clvlad, oH 3,160 384,000 1,860 213,000
Dtit, MI (3) 4 -- --
Hust-Galvst, TX 51 5,870 38 3,510
Ls Agls, CA -- -- (3) 1
Miaplis, Mn 103 9,660 -- --
Mbil, AL 74 4,570 28 2,270
nw olas, LA 1,020 91,400 465 41,400
nw Yk, nY 1 28 -- --
ngals, AZ -- -- 3 175
nflk, VA 10 649 -- --
ogdsbug, nY 12 223 18 325
Philadlphia, PA 6 249 6 367
Pt Athu, TX -- -- 8 1,630Sattl, WA -- -- 28 513
Tampa, FL 24 1,490 -- --
Ttal 9,250 918,000 3,870 376,000
-- Z.
2Icluds agglmats.
3Lss tha uit.
Suc: U.S. Csus Buau.
2008 2009
TABLe 14
U.S. IMPorTS oF Iron ore, BY CUSToMS DISTrICT1, 2
(Thusad mtic ts ad thusad dllas)
1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.
TABLe 15
U.S. IMPorTS oF PeLLeTS, BY CoUnTrY1
(Thusad mtic ts ad thusad dllas)
2008 2009
Cuty Quatity Valu Quatity Valu
Bsia ad Hzgvia 23 $1,570 -- --
Bazil 616 65,600 38 $3,510Caada 5,240 602,000 2,900 303,000
Pu 18 736 5 283
russia -- -- 136 8,240
Vzula 68 4,210 21 825
Ttal 5,960 674,000 3,100 315,000
-- Z.1Data a udd t m tha th sigificat digits; may t add t ttals shw.
Suc: U.S. Csus Buau.
-
8/22/2019 2009 Minerals Yearbook Iron Ore.pdf
20/23
Iron ore2009 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] 39.19
TABLe 16
SeLeCTeD PrICeS For Iron ore In THe JAPAneSe MArKeT1
(Cts p dy lg t uit f i ulss thwis spcifid)
Apil 1-Mach 31
Cuty ad pduc o typs Fiscal ya 2008 Fiscal ya 2009
Austalia:
Hamsly I Ppitay Limitd ad Mut nwma Miig Cmpay
Ppitay Limitd
2
Lump 201.69 112.00D.
2 Fis 144.66 97.00
rb riv I Assciats2 d. 115.30 77.31
BHP Billit (Yadi)2 d. 144.66 97.00
Ftscu Mtals Gup d. nA 94.00
Bazil:
Cmpahia nip-Basilia d Pltizaca (nibasc)2 Pllts 213.59 110.43
Val S.A. (Caajs)2 Fis 125.17 89.87
Val S.A. (Itabia)2 d. 118.98 85.43
Mias Basilias ruidas Scit Aym Lump 181.78 100.94
D. Fis nA nA
Samac Miac Scit Aym Pllts 213.59 3 110.43 3
Caada, I o Cmpay f Caada (Cal Lak) Cctats 117.27 84.20
Chil:
Mia dl Pacific Scit Aym (Huasc) Pllts 104.99 nA
Mia dl Pacific Scit Aym (el rmal) Fis 93.65 67.24
Idia:
Mials ad Mtals Tadig Cpati (Bailadila) Lump 198.68 110.33
D. Fis 141.12 94.62
Pu, Shugag Hi Pu S.A.A. Pllt fd 92.47 66.39
Suth Afica:
Kumba rsucs Limitd (Isc) Lump 165.89 92.12
Assmag Limitd d. 163.92 91.02
D. Fis 108.05 72.45
Vzula, Cpaci Vzlaa d Guayaa2 Pllt fd 94.28 67.69
D., d. Ditt. nA nt availabl.
1F bad shippig pt basis.2Cts p dy mtic t uit.
3Blast fuac gad pllts.
Sucs: Tust Fud Pjct I o Ifmati, I o Statisticsoctb 2010. Th TeX rpt, I o Maual 2009.
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21/23
39.20 [ADVAnCe reLeASe] U.S. GeoLoGICAL SUrVeY MInerALS YeArBooK2009
Cuty5
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Algia
1
,579
2,340
1,982
2,077
2,000
800
1,180
1,000
1,050
1,040
Austalia
262
,000
275,000
299,000
342,000
394,000
163,000
171,000
194,000
209,000
228,000
Austia
2
,048
2,093
2,153
2,033
1,500
665
669
689
650
480
Azbaija
7
11
18
28
--6
4
6
9
14,
--
BsiaadHzgvia
3
,177
3,440
2,944
2,667
2,600
1,500
1,450
1,240
1,200,
1,100
Bazil
281
,462
317,800
354,674
351,246
300,000p,
186,891
211,020
235,504
233,200
199,200p,6
Caada7
30
,387
33,543
32,744
31,273
31,700
19,333
21,341
20,800
19,700
19,700
Chil
7
,862
8,628
8,818
9,316
8,2426
4,707
5,235
5,379
5,670
5,0066
Chia,8
420
,000
601,000
707,000
824,000
880,000
138,000
198,000
233,000
270,000
280,000
Clmbia
608
644
624
475
500
325
351
350
200
200
egypt
1
,590
1,600
2,1856
1,8116
1,800
800
800
1,100
910
900
Gmay9
362
412
422
455
350
38
44
44
48,
37
Gc,10
1
,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
1,500
575
575
575
575
570
Guatmala
11
7
31
(11)
56
7,
5,
20,
(11),
4
Idia
152
,000
181,000
202,000
220,000
245,000
97,500
117,000
129,000
142,000
157,000
Idsia
32
88
61
65
63
18
50
35
37
36
Ia,12
19
,000
26,2446
31,5386
32,000
33,000
9,000
13,000
15,000
15,000
16,000
Kazakhsta
19
,471
22,263
23,834
22,700
22,2906
11,100
12,700
13,600
13,000
12,800
Kya
(11)6
(11)
(11)
(11)
(11)
(11)6
(11)
(11)
(11)
(11)
Ka,nth
5
,000
5,040
5,130
5,136,6
5,000
1,400
1,400
1,400
1,488,6
1,400
Ka,rpublicf
213
227
291
366
3606
119
155
163
205
200
Macdia
10
10
--
--6
--
6
6
--
--6
--
Malaysia
950
667
802
982
950
541
380
457
560,
532
Mauitaia
11
,133
10,658
11,817
11,200
10,4006
7,240
7,250
7,700
7,280
6,760
Mxic13
11
,687
10,983
10,916
11,688
11,600
7,012
6,590
6,550
7,013
7,000
Mglia
168
180
265
1,387
1,000
109
116
170
888
600
Mcc
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
5
5
5
nwZalad14
2
,270
2,146
1,723
2,020
2,000
1,260
1,220
982
1,200,
1,200
nigia
60
886
586
626
50
22
32
21
23
16
nway
620
620
620
668
7116
420
420
400
430
460
Pakista15
50
130
207
250
270
25
65
104
125
135
Pu
6
,810
7,138
7,614
7,823
6,6986
4,638
4,862
5,186
5,244
4,4906
Ptugal,16
14
14
14
14
14
10
10
10
10
10
rmaia
265
123
45
--
--
69
40
11
--
--
Sfttsatdftabl.
TABLe17
Ironore:WorLDProDUCTIon,BYCoUnTrY1,2
(Thusadmticts)
Gsswight3
Mtalctt4
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22/23
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23/23
TABLe 18
Iron ore: WorLD PeLLeTIZInG CAPACITY,
BY ConTInenT AnD CoUnTrY In 20091
ratd capacity,
gss wight
(milli mtic ts)
nth Amica:
Caada 27.5
Mxic 15.0
Uitd Stats 56.6
Ttal 99.1
Suth Amica:
Bazil 56.0
Chil 5.3
Pu 3.5
Vzula 11.8
Ttal 76.6
eup ad Ctal euasia:
Kazakhsta 8.4
nthlads 4.4
russia 31.4
Slvakia 0.4
Swd 21.0
Tuky 1.5
Ukai 33.5
Ttal 100.6
Asia:
Bahai 4.0
Chia 45.0
Idia 26.7
Ia 12.3
Japa 3.0
Ttal 91.0
ocaia, Austalia 4.3
Gad ttal 371.6
estimatd. rvisd.1Data may t add t ttals shw bcaus f idpdt udig.
Sucs: Itatial I ad Stl Istitut; Uitd
natis Cmmissi Tad ad Dvlpmt, Tust
Fud I o Ifmati; U.S. Glgical Suvy.