K ~~~~~~~~~~~~~File: 18G

/ Operable FINAL

OperbleUnits3A,4,and 51 ~~~~Remedial Action Workplan"

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~I

'I~~~~~EesnAifreBsAak

Ii~~~~~~~ugs19

FINALL

Operable Units 3, 4, and 5I ~~~~Remedial Action Workplan

Elelson Air Force Base, Alaska

AFCEE Contract Number F41624-94-D-8052, Delivery Order 21

I ~~~~~~~~~~Prepared for:

Air Force Center for Environmental ExcellenceEnvironmental Restoration Division (AFCEEIERD)

Brooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235-5363

Prepared by:

EA Engineering, Science, and Technology3540 International Way

Fairbanks, Alaska 99701

August 1997 12796.21.2070

I ~~~~~~~~NOTICE

This report has been prepared for the United States Air Force to aid in the implementation of the

remedial design and remedial action in support of the Air Force Installation Restoration Program(IRP). The limited objectives of this report and the ongoing nature of the IRP, along with the

LI ~evolving knowledge of site conditions and chemical effects on the environment and health, must

be considered when evaluating this report, since subsequent facts may become known which may

* ~~make this report premature or inaccurate.

Government agencies and their contractors registered with the Defense Technical InformationCenter (DTIC) should direct requests for copies of this report to: DTIC, Cameron Station,

Alexandria, VA 22304-6145.

1 ~~Non-government agencies may purchase copies of this document from: National Technical

t ~~Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161.

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE1' ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Form Approived 0MB No, 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions,searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Senacomments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden,to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington,VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0 704-0188), Washington D. C. 20403.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3.SPORT TYPE AN4D DATES COVEREDAugust 1997 FRRemedial Action Workplan, Final

,LTITLE ANDSUBTITLE S. FUNDING NUMBERS

Operable Units 3, 4, and 5 Remedial Action Workplan, Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska F12-4D85

Delivery Order 21

6. AUTHOR(S)

Joseph Muehleck, Douglas Oram

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

LA Engineering, Science, and Technology REPORT NUMBER3540 International WayFairbanks, Alaska 99701 N/A

9. SPONSORINGWMONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND AnDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORINGaMONrTORING AGENCYREPORT NUMBER

Air Force Center for Environmental ExcellenceHO AFCEE'ERD N/A3207 North RoadBrooks Air Force Base, Texas 78235-5363

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

12a. DISTRIBUTI1ONIAVAiLABILITY STATEMENT 1b ITIUINCD

HO AFCEEIERD, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas354 CES/CEVR Elelson Air Force Base, AlaskaAlaska Department of Environmental Conservation, Fairbanks, Alaska

United States Environmental Protection Agency Region X, Sea ttle, Washington

13. ABSTRACTI(Marlmirm 200 word)

This document describes quality control procedures for implementing remedial actions planned for source areas within O~is 3, 4, and11 ~ ~~at Elelson AFB. A Remedial Design describing the proposed remediation approach accompanies this Remedial Action Workplan.These two documents are submitted for RPM review as final versions of primary documents under the FFA.

14. SUBJECTITERMS 15. NUMBER OPPAGES

-Elelson Air Force Base - Remedial Action Workplan 16. PRICE CODE

-Operable Units 3, 4, and 5

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF 19. SECURrTY CLASSIFICATION OF 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

REPORT THIS PAGE ABSTRACT

Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified

IPREFACEThis report presents remediation quality assurance/quality control procedures for remedial action7! ~and monitoring that is proposed for Operable Units 3, 4, and 5 source areas at Eielson Air ForceBase near Fairbanks, Alaska. This document is a Final version of a primary Remedial Action

Workplan document under the Bielson AIFB FFA. The accompanying Remedial.Design provides

a description of the proposed remediation and documentation of remedial design scoping and data

gap work to date for the subject OUs.

This report was prepared in August 1997. Mr. Samer Karmi, Air Force Center for Environmental

Excellence, Environmental Restoration Division (AFCEE/ERD), was the ERD point of contact.

I ~~~~~~EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Under contract to the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (A.FCEE), Remedial Design

is being conducted for Operable Units (OUs) 3, 4, and 5 at Eielson Air Force Base (Eielson

AFB), Alaska.

The Federal Facilities Agreement (FFA) for Eielson AFB; is a three-party agreement between the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Alaska Department of Environmental

IConservation (ADEC), and the U.S. Air Force. The FFA requires Remedial Design (RD) and

Remedial Action Workplan (RAWP) documents as Primary Documents for Remedial Design.

I Remedial Design for OUs 3, 4, and 5 is being conducted as one project; the OUs were grouped

together for all work phases under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation,

Iand Liability Act (CERCLA). The Remedial Design work was begun in July 1995 and is currently

ongoing. The 0U3,4,5 Record of Decision (ROD) was signed in September 1995; the RD/RA

schedule adopted by the Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) requires draft versions of the RD

Primary Documents in February 1996. As a result of the RD data gap work, a ROD Amendment

and Technical Impracticability (TI) Waiver are also being prepared. The RD work is subject to

change pending the outcome of public comment periods on the 0U3,4,5 ROD Amendment.

This RAWP describes the protocols and quality control and quality assurance (QAIQC)

procedures to be followed during installation, operation and maintenance, and monitoring of

rernediation systems at OUs 3, 4, and 5.

~~~W6.2762.115A .. XCSM2E -

I ~~~~~~~CONTENTS

'1 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Page

EXECUTiVE SUMMARY ES-i

LIST OF FIGURESLIST OF TABLESLIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 1-I

1.1 EIELSON AFB RDIRA REQUIREMENTS .......................... 1-1k ~~~1.2 OBSERVATIONAL METHOD FOR REMEDIATION .................. 1-3

1 ~~~1.3 ETELSON AFB -LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION ..................... 1-3

1.4 EIELSON AFI3 GENERALIZED SUTE SETTING ...................... 1-4

2. MONiTORING, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE PLAN................... 2-1

2.1 REMEDIAL PROGRESS MONITORING........................... 2-1

.1 ~~~~~2.1.1 Groundwater Monitoring .................................. 2-1

2.2 MANAGEMENT OF I3W ...................................... 2-12.3 DOCUMENTATION AND REPORTING........................... 2-1

j 3. PROJECT SCHEDULE................................................. 3-1

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN ................................. 4-1

1 ~~~4.1 PROJECT SCOPE AND OBJECTiVES............................. 4-14.2 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY ................. 4-1

4.2.1 Project Team Organization................................. 4-14.2.2 Key Personnel Responsibilities.............................. 4-1

4.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA .. 4-4

4.3.1 Definition of Criteria ..................................... 4-54.3.2 Achievement of Goals .................................... 4-6

1 ~~~4.4 SAMPLING PROCEDURES..................................... 4-6

4.4.1 Sampling Protocols ...................................... 4-64.4~2 Sample Handling ........................................ 4-6

CONTENTS (continued)

j ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Page

4.5 SAMPLE CUSTODY .......................................... 4-7

1 ~~~~~4.5.1 Field Operations.........................................4-74.5.2 Laboratory Operations .................................... 4-7

4.6 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES FOR FIELD TEST EQUIPMENT ....... 4-94.7 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES .................................. 4.9

4.7.1 Identification of Methods .................................. 4-94.7.2 Detection and Quantitation Limits............................ 4-9

[ ~~~~~4.7.3 Method Calibration ..................................... 4-11

4.8 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING ............. 4-11

4.8.1 Data Reduction......................................... 4-117 ~~~~4.8.2 Data Quality Assessment (Data Integrity) ..................... 4-13

4.8.3 Data Validation and Data Reporting ......................... 4-14

4.9 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS ....................... 4-17

4.9.1 Field Quality Control .................................... 4-174.9.2 Laboratory Quality Control Samples ......................... 4-17

4.9.3 Control Limits ......................................... 4-19

4.10 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS ......................... 4-19

4.10.1 SystemnAudits ......................................... 4-204.10.2 Performnance Audits ..................................... 4-21

4.11 LABORATORY PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE .................... 4-214.12 PROCEDURES TO ASSESS DATA PRECISION, ACCURACY, AND

COMPLETENESS............................................ 4-22

j ~~~~~4.12.1 Formulas............................................. 4-224.12.2 Control Limits ......................................... 4-224.12.3 Documentation and Review of QAIQC Activities ................ 4-22

4.13 CORRECTIVE ACTION ...................................... 4-23

CONTENTS (continued)

21 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Page

4.14 QUALiTY ASSURANCE REPORTS.............................. 4-23

L ~~~~~~4.14.1 Reporting Procedure..................................... 4-234.14.2 Report Content......................................... 4-24

5. FIELD SAMPLING PLAN............................................... 5-1

5.1 FIELD OPERATIONS.......................................... 5-15.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING................................. 5.4

5.2.1 Well Sampling Procedures ................................. 5-15.2.2 Sample Handling ........................................ 5-35.2.3 Sample Custody......................................... 5-35.2.4 Quality Control Samples................................... 5-45.2.5 Sample Analysis Summary................................. 5-4

11 ~~~5.3 FIELD MEASUREMENTS ...................................... 5-4

5.3.1 Parameters............................................. 5-4.13 ~ ~~~~5.3.2 Equipment Calibration .................................... 5-45.3.3 Equipment Maintenance................................... 5-4

5.3.4 Decontamination ........................................ 5-4

5.4 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM ..... 5-5

1 ~~~~~~5.4.1 Control Parameters....................................... 5-55.4.2 Control Limits .......................................... 5-5

II ~~~~~5.4.3 Corrective Actions ....................................... 5-s

5.5 RECORD KEEPING........................................... 5-5J] ~~~5.6 INVESTIGATIVE DERIVED WASTE.............................s5-s5.7 SETE MANAGEMENT......................................... 5-5

REFERENCES.......................................................... R-1

APPENDIX A: Eielson AFB IRP IDW Management PlanAPPENDIX B: Health and Safety PlanI APPENDIX C: Base Support Letter

I ~~~~~~~~LIST OF FIGURES

-I ~~Number Title

1-1 Regional location map, Eielson AFB.

5-1 Low flow purge and sample with inertial pump.

5-2 Example groundwater purge and sample form.

Ii~ ~ P1129 1O34RWEO.

b ~~~~~~~~LIST OF TABLES

Number Title

2-1 Groundwater sampling locations and parameters.

2-2 ARARs established to address groundwater quality at 0U3,4,5 source areas.

4-1 Data quality characteristics formulas.

4-2 Quality control criteria for precision and accuracy for surrogates, laboratorycontrol samples, matrix spikes, and matrix spike duplicates.

4-3 Required containers, preservation techniques, and holding times for aqueousfl ~~~~samples.

4-4 Analytical methods.

4-5 Analytical reporting limits for water samples.

IL ~4-6 Summary of periodic calibration requirements.

4-7 Sample concentration formulas.

4-8 Summary of laboratory quality control criteria and corrective action procedures.

4-9 Analytical control chart calculations.

4-10 Preventive maintenance requirements.

5-1 Groundwater sample and analysis summary.

B5-2 Control limits for field parameters.

WP61.12796.2IOU345RAW.FLOT.2

LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ADEC State of Alaska Department of Environmental ConservationAFB Air Force BaseAFCEE (U.S.) Air Force Center for Environmental ExcellenceARARs applicable or relevant and appropriate requirements

bgs below ground surfaceBRA Baseline Risk AssessmentBTEX benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, andxyesCERCLA Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability ActCO2 carbon dioxideCOC chain of custodyCQAO Corporate Quality Assurance OfficerCQAP Corporate Quality Assurance ProgramI D laboratory duplicateDO Delivery OrderDOM Delivery Order ManagerDRO diesel-range organicsDTW depth to waterEA BA Engineering, Science, and Technology

kEPA (U.S.) Environmental Protection AgencyFFA Federal Facilities Agreement

T FNSB Fairbanks North Star BoroughFSP Field Sampling Planft feetgal gallons

GC gas chromatographGIS geographic information systemGPS groundwater purge and sampleGRO gasoline-range organicsHSP Project Health and Safety PlanIDL instmument detection limitIDW investigative derived wasteJIRP Installation Restoration ProgramIRPIMS Installation Restoration Program Information Management SystemLCS laboratory control sampleLIMS Laboratory Information Management SystemLM Laboratory ManagerLQAC Laboratory Quality Assurance CoordinatorLPM Laboratory Project Manager[ MCL maximum contaminant limitMDL method detection limitjig/kg micrograms per kilogram

yg/L ~~micrograms per litermg/kg milligrams per kilogramMs matrix spike

WP61.12796.21OU345RAW.F.ACRO!I Page I

4 ~~~~LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS (continued)

IMSD matrix spike duplicateNAPL non-aqueous-phase liquidNEIC National Enforcement Investigations Cen~terrNPL National Priorities List

02 ~~~oxygenOU Operable Unit

I ~~PAH polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbonPARCC precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparabilityPE performance evaluationPM Project Managerppb parts per billionPQL practical quantitation limit'1 ~psi pounds per square inchQA quality assurance

* ~~QAPP Quality Assurance Project PlanQC quality controlRAO remedial action objectiveRAWP Remedial Action Workplan-i ~RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery ActRDIRA Remedial Design/Remedial ActionRI/FS Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study

* ~~RL reporting limitROD Record of DecisionRPD relative percent differenceRPM Remedial Project ManagerSAP Sampling and Analysis PlanSARA Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Actscfm standard cubic feet per minuteSM Site ManagerSOP standard operating procedureSSHO Site Safety and Health OfficerSVE soil vapor extractionSWMP Sitewide Monitoring ProgramTI Technical ImpracticabilityTPH Total Petroleum HydrocarbonsIi ~USAF United States Air ForceVES vapor extraction systemVOCS volatile organic compounds

JWP61.12796.21OU345RAW FACRO I Page 2

L

1. INTRODUCTION

t ~Ejelson Air Force Base (Eielson AFB) is restoring contaminated sites under the ComprehensiveEnvironmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) and in accordance with aFederal Facilities Agreement (FFA). The FFA, signed by the U.S. Air Force, U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA), and State of Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation(ADEC), specifies the framework and schedule for environmental cleanup efforts at Eielson AFB.Six Operable Units (GUs 1-6) and a "Sitewide" Operable Unit are undergoing the CERCLAphases of work including Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS)-Record of Decision(ROD)-Remedial Design/Remedial Action (RD/RA).

1.1 EIELSON AFB RD/RA REQUIREMENTS

The Remedial Project Managers (RPMs) to the FFA discussed the schedule and scope ofI ~ ~Remedial Design and Remedial Action efforts during the 2 1-day period after each of the RODswere signed. The result of the scoping is an enforceable schedule listing milestones for theRD/RA process. The process must result in substantial continuous remedial action in place within15 months after each ROD is signed. OUs 3, 4, and 5 are managed together as a group; the RODfor GUs 3, 4, and 5 (USAF 1995) was signed in September 1995; RD and some RA must be inplace by December 1996. A ROD Amendment and Technical Impracticability (TI) Waiverdocument are also being prepared. The RD is subject to change pending the outcome of thepublic comment period on the 0U3,4,5 ROD Amendment.

The Eielson FFA and the milestones included in the enforceable schedule require the ConceptualDesign and two types of Primary Documents for Remedial Design: the Remedial Design (RD)and Remedial Action Workplan (RAWP).

The RAWP should define work elements critical to implementation of the ROD and the RODAmendment and TI Waiver and present a remedial action schedule through initiation of the O&Mphase. This RAWP includes:.

Monitoring, Operation and Maintenance Plan (Section 2)

* Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) (Section 4)

* Field Sampling Plan (FSP) (Section 5) (Sections 4 and 5 together form the Sample andAnalysis Plan (SAP)

* Site H&S Plan

j ~ ~~.Schedule including points for operational and/or constmuction changes.

The work standards described here will be followed for field work during the 1996 field seasonand may also guide future monitoring and reporting. This document includes descriptions ofmonitoring and maintenance procedures for long-term operation of the remediation systems. Siteconditions to date are summarized in the Bielson AFB GUs 3, 4, 5 Remedial Design document.

WP61.12796.21 OU345RAW.F.CHI.31-

t.* ~The remediation progress at the source areas will be reviewed periodically, with a comprehensivereview 5 years after the ROD date, in September 2000.

I ~Remedial Action at OUs 3, 4, 5

Significant changes from the original ROD have occurred at source areas SS35, DP44, ST58,I ~ ~LFO3, and FTO9. A soil cover that was proposed for SS35 is no longer thought to be necessarybased on existing site risk calculations. Bioventing is no longer proposed at ST58 because of thedecline in benzene concentrations and area of groundwater impacted. A soil cover is n6 longerproposed for LFO3 and FTO9 because RCRA Subtitle C has been found to be relevant andappropriate, but not applicable, and the substantive requirements of Sfibtitle C have been met bythe existing soil cover. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is no longer proposed for DP44 because pilotSVE testing indicated very low contaminant concentrations in extracted vapors.

A ROD Amendment and TI Waiver will be prepared to document the changes in selected

remedies that have resulted from data gap investigations and Remedial Design scoping. The

following remedies are selected for the source areas in OUs 3, 4, and 5.

Source Area ROD Selected Remedy as Modified by RD Scoping

DP44 Groundwater monitoring.

* Institutional controls to prevent exposure to groundwater.

ST56 Groundwater monitoring.* Institutional 6ontrols to prevent exposure to groundwater.* Supply drinking water.

DP25 * Groundwater monitoring.* Institutional controls to prevent exposure to groundwater.* Bioventing if future developments make it practical.

I 55~~S35 * Monitoring of the groundwater to verify that levels remain below screening levels.* Removal of dmums in the future if it is determined that they are a continuing source of

contamination.ST58 Groundwater monitoring.

* Institutional controls to prevent exposure to groundwater.

WP61.12796.21.0u345RAW.F.CHl.3 1-2

Source Area ROD Selected Remedy as Modified by RD Scoping

LF03/VLT09 Soil cover for pre-1980 portion of landf'ill. RCRA Subtitle CPart 264 is relevant andappropriate. A cover to address the direct contact threat will be installed and maintainedin accordance with relevant and appropriate requirements of Pant 264.

Soil cover for post- 1980 portion of landfill; RCRA Subtitle C Part 264 is relevant andappropriate. Final cover will be constructed to comply w(ith Subtitle C as appropriate:*1 ~ ~~~~~~~(1) Provide long-term minimtization of fluid mnigration.

(2) Function with minimum maintenance.(3) Promote drainage and minimize erosion.(4) Accommodate settling and subsidence.(5) Have a permeability less than or equal to the natural subsoils present.Post-closure maintenance and monitoring will be conducted in accordance with40 CFR 264.117 and 264.228(b) as appropriate.

* Institutional controls to prevent intrusion into the landfilled materials and exposure to thegroundwater.

* Groundwater monitoring, as appropriate, to verify that contaminated concentrations remainwithin acceptable screening levels,

All sites considered under the 0U3,4,5 RD will be monitored under the Sitewide MonitoringProgram (SWMP). Monitoring at the sites will primarily be in the form of groundwater gauging,sampling and analysis. Laboratory and field procedures are detailed in Sections 4 and 5, whichtogether form the SAP.

1.2 OBSERVATIONAL METHOD FOR REMEDIATION

The observational method is used in environmental remediation projects where knowledge of thedetails of site conditions is uncertain. The uncertainty is caused by the practical problem ofdescribing a complex physical environment with a finite and limited number of sample points. Siteconditions that are subject to uncertainty during all phases of investigation and remediationinclude the location and concentration of the contaminants in the affected soil and groundwater,especially the smear zone.

The remedial action goal is to restore groundwater to its beneficial use within a time frame that isreasonable given the particular circumstances of the source area.

1.3 EIELSON AFB LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION

Eielson AFB covers approximately 19,700 acres and is located along the Richardson Highwaywithin the Fairbanks North Star Borough (FNSB), approximately 24 miles southeast of Fairbanksand 10 miles southeast of the city of North Pole, Alaska (Figure 1-1). Approximately 3,650 acresare improved or partially improved, with the remaining land encompassing forest, wetlands, lakes,and ponds. The base is bounded on the east and south by Fort Wainwright, a U.S. Armyinstallation, and on the west and north by private and public lands. The base is adjacent to publicand private lands zoned for general use. The approximate population of the FNSB area is 82,000.Communities near Eielson AFB include Moose Creek, which abuts the northern border of thebase, and the Salcha area, which abuts the southern border of the base.

WP6112796.21.OUJ345RAW.F.CKI.3 1-3

{ ~~Ejelson AFB is a major employer in the Fairbanks area. The base employs approximately3,400 military personnel and 500 civilians. The total residential population of Eielson AFBis 5,132. Residential and occupational populations are primarily concentrated in the developedportion of the base. The area is active with ongoing base functions, including work, school, andrecreational activities. The base contains three elementary schools and one junior-senior high

r ~~school. There is one child care center and one medical and dental clinic. The base is located inthe Tanana River Valley.

T. ~The developed portion of the base is built on alluvial sediments, and the topography is generallyL ~~flat and featureless, with elevations averaging about 550 feet above mean sea level. The

undeveloped east and northeast sides of the base are built on bedrock hills as high as 1,125 feetabove mean sea level. Two-thirds of the base is covered with soils within the alluvial material thatcontain discontinuous permafrost. Half of the potential agricultural soils are currently being usedfor recreational facilities, ammunition storage areas, the Arctic Survival Training School, andj ~~other U.S. Air Force developments.

Significant wildlife frequents Fielson AFB, and the base supports a variety of recreational andr~ hunting opportunities. No resident threatened or endangered species are present on the base.

The climate is sub-arctic; Fairbanks experiences generally dry, short summers with up to 22 hoursof daylight in late June, and long, cold, and dark winters. Outdoor environmental work is easiestduring the field season, when the ground is snow-free, the vadose zone is ice-free, and thedaylight hours are long. The field season generally begins between 1 and 15 June, and generallyends between 15 September and I October.

1.4 EIELSON AFB GENERALIZED SITE SETTING

F. The developed portion of the base is underlain by sediments that comprise a shallow, unconfinedaquifer. The aquifer materials are alluvial sands and gravel 200 to 300 feet thick that overlierelatively low-permeability bedrock. The alluvial aquifer is characterized by high transmissivities

and relatively flat groundwater gradients. Groundwater is present at approximately 6-10 feetbelow ground surface (bgs) in the alluvial aquifer in the developed part of the base. Seasonalvariation in the elevation of the groundwater is approximately 2 feet, with the highest elevationsoccurring during May and early June at the spring thaw, or "breakup." The basewidegroundwater flow direction in the shallow aquifer has been investigated as part of the Sitewide RI;the flow is generally toward the noath-northwest, parallel with the downstream flow of the TananaRiver. The downgradient direction is locally influenced by surface water bodies such as GarrisonSlough and by groundwater extraction by pumping from base supply wells in the vicinity of the

P power plant. Groundwater is the only source of potable water at the base and in the nearbycommunities. Potable water in the main base system is treated to remove iron and sulfide.Groundwater is also the principal water supply source for non-potable use.

The eastern portion of the base is underlain by crystalline bedrock; groundwater is present in afractured bedrock aquifer. The bedrock aquifer is not as well characterized as the alluvial aquifer,jand is believed to be variable in productivity and groundwater gradient and elevation. In thevicinity of the Ski Hill facility, the depth to groundwater ranges between 50 and 200 feet in the

WP61.12796.21.0U345 RAW.F.CH 1.3 1-4

4bedrock aquifer. The alluvial aquifer in contact with the bedrock aquifer contains discontinuousI permafrost.

III

II

IIIP11IIIIII

WP61.12796.21.0U345RAW.F.CHI.3

2. MONITORING, OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE PLAN

Monitoring of the remediation will be conducted to ensure integrity and safety of the systems andto track remedial progress relative to the remedial goals. The systems will be maintained asrequired based on the results of the monitoring. Monitoring and record keeping are importantcomponents of routine operation and maintenance. Monitoring and reporting procedures andperiodic review of the results of monitoring are described in this workplan.

2.1 REMEDIAL PROGRESS MONITORING

Remedial progress monitoring will be conducted to provide information about the remediation ofcontaminants and the quality of the groundwater at the source areas as the remediationprogresses. Remedial progress groundwater monitoring will be conducted under the SitewideMonitoring Program and will be coordinated with the remedial action contractor.

2.1.1 Groundwater Monitoring

Groundwater samples will be collected annually from some of the wells at each source area thathave contained contaminants of concern. Table 2-1 shows the wells at each source area thatcould be sampled for dissolved contaminants to track remedial progress. Table 2-2 lists the

I. ARARs established to address groundwater quality for the COCs at 0U3,4,5 source areas.Remedial progress will be measured by a decline in concentrations of dissolved contaminants overtime. It is anticipated that the groundwater results will be collected over a number of years. The

iLlist of wells to be sampled for each annual round should be selected based on the results of theprevious rounds. At each source area, some wells from the area of the dissolved plume and some

2wells from the area down gradient of the dissolved plume will be tested.

2.2 MANAGEMENT OF IDW

Management of IDW will be coordinated with Eielson AFB in accordance with the InvestigativeDerived Waste (IDW) Management Plan (Appendix A).

23 DOCUMENTATION AND REPORTING

Field personnel will maintain field notes in a bound log book documenting sampling dates andlocations as well as daily events, weather conditions, observations, field measurements, and anyother pertinent information relating to field activities.

Annual reports showing the results of monitoring over the year should be provided for RPMreview. To the extent practicable, the Installation Restoration Program Information ManagementSystem (IRPEMS) should be utilized to store information and generate reports.

Annual reporting will provide a recorded history of remediation activities suitable for decision-making at the time of the 5-year review.

WP6].12796.21.OU345RAW.F.CH2-3.3 2-1

I{ 3. PROJECT SCHEDULE

A monitoring schedule is being developed as part of the Sitewide Monitoring Program.

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IiIIII WP61.1279621OU34SRAW.DF.CH2-3.I 3-1

4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROJECT PLAN

2 4.1 PROJECT SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES

Sampling and analysis will be conducted at Eielson AFB to monitor remedial progress at OUs 3,4, and 5.

4.2 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITY

4.2.1 Project Team Organization

The project team consists of USAF and contracting personnel.

-, 4.2.2 Key Personnel Responsibilities

The project will require a field investigative team and offsite analytical support from an ADEC-approved laboratory. The following key individual assignments will be needed to govern workefforts in this project:

Project ManagerProject Engineer/GeologistCorporate Quality Assurance OfficerSenior Technical Reviewer

* -, ~~Laboratory Quality Assurance CoordinatorLaboratory Project Manager

2 ~~~Health and Safety ManagerSite Manager

The Project Manager (PM) has overall responsibility for the successful, timely, and cost-effectivecompletion of the field investigation. These responsibilities specifically include:

management of all technical and quality control activities

r *~~~ preparation of work-flow diagrams, schedules, staff allocations, survey plans, workplans, health and safety plans, and QAPPs

* management of all project funds for labor and materials procurement

* review and administration of all work order changes

I *~~~ establishment of a project records system

* supervision of the performance of the delivery order team members toward unified andI ~ ~~~productive goals

* successful accomplishment of all contractual obligations including costs, schedules, and

WP61.12796,21 OU345RAW.F.CH-4-5.3 4-1

j ~~~~technical performance under the assigned task

* review and approval of all documentation and reports

formal and quality control of all documents and data reports.

* I ~The Project Engineer or Project Geologist is responsible for the technical implementation of theremedial design. These responsibilities include:

* scheduling of all constmuction and monitoring activities

* management of all field work

* review and reporting of all monitoring information.

The Corporate Oualitv Assurance Officer (CQAO) has overall responsibility for maintaining allaspects of the QA program including sampling, laboratory analysis, data processing, data quality

review, and audits. The CQAO has the authority and the responsibility to verify conformance oftechnical disciplines to project requirements. The CQAO is independent of the delivery orderteam and has no direct responsibility for the technical aspects of studies subject to his review.The principal duties and responsibilities are as follows:

* develops and submits quality assurance policies

* provides a program to orientate and train personnel in the implementation of theCorporate Quality Assurance Program (CQAP)

* provides for the review of controlled quality-related documents for each technical3 ~~~~discipline to ensure all applicable quality requirements are addressed

* selects, supervises, and trains individuals to perform the audit function

* *~~~~ periodically audits each engineering or environmental program or technical service area

* provides requested assistance to vice presidents, directors, managers, and supervisorson matters affecting quality of work

identifies the requirements of client, federal, state, and corporate QA policies that arerelevant to the project.

The Senior Technical Reviewers (STR) provide senior technical review for the implementation ofthe project. They are responsible for reviewing draft and final deliverables and are independent of

the day-to-day project work.

The Laboratory Ouality Assurance Coordinator (LQAC) provides oversight of the quality

Iassurance function for all analytical work for this project. The LQAC is independent of the

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production responsibilities and has authority to enforce QC and corrective action procedures.Additional duties include:

* manages AFCEE laboratory approval and applicable state laboratory certifications;'

coordinates with project team in development of the QAPP;

* oversees all external performance evaluation programs, following up with correctiveaction plans for unacceptable scores;

* maintains laboratory QA, SOP, and Methods manuals;

* responsible for review and approval of Nonconformance Reports (NCRs);

* conducts performance, systems, and data audits;

* coordinates all inspections, provides written response to findings, and maintains auditrecords;

* trains personnel on QC requirements and procedures, distributes quality relatedinformation, procedural changes, and guidance to departmental personnel;

* assures subcontractor laboratories are compliant with the AFCEE approved QA

program.

The Laboratory Project Manager (LPM) is responsible for the following tasks:

* establish the first line of communication between the laboratory and project personnel;

* function as the laboratory representative on the project team;

* obtain, file, and distribute pertinent project information to the laboratory staff.

The Health and Safety Manager is responsible for approval of the Project Health and Safety Plan(HSP) and each amendment of the HSP, reviewing all health and safety documentation, providing

* ~~technical support to the Site Safety and Health Officer (SSHO), particularly in the modification ofsite health and safety requirements or workplans, and establishing heat and cold stress preventionmeasures.

The Site Manager (SM) will be responsible for coordinating the field team for the collection ofsoil, sediment, surface water, and groundwater samples during the field investigation and thequalitative assessment of environmental conditions at the site as follows:

f ~~~~provide orientation and any necessary training to field personnel asto the requirementsof the HSP and RAWP prior to the start of work

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* monitor sampling operations to ensure that sampling team members adhere to theRAWP

* ensure the use of calibrated measurement and test equipment

* establish and maintain a field records management system

* coordinate activities with the Delivery Order Manager (DOM)

L ~~~~.oversee field data documentation and conduct quality checks on the interpretative workproduct

* check and validate completed field data collection forms

5 *~~~~ review reports for compliance with relevant Federal, state, local, and USAFrequirements.

L ~~The Site Safety and Health Officer (SSHO) is responsible for the following tasks:

* *~~~~ ensure that personal protective clothing or respiratory protection requirements are met

* review all health and safety documentation

* *~~~~ ensure that personnel assigned to the job have the necessary health and safety training

. provide site-specific training, as required, to all employees assigned to work at the site

* provide technical support to the Health and Safety Manager, particularly in themodification of site health and safety requirements or work plans.

4.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE OBJECTIVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATA

- ~~The purpose of this QAPP is to ensure compliance with the objectives of the Remedial DesignRemedial Action (RD/RA) and provide a standard for control and review of measurement datacollected to ensure that they are scientifically sound, defensible, and of known acceptable

L ~~documented quality. Project objectives are:

*Scientific data generated will be of sufficient quality to withstand scientific and legalscrutiny.

*Data will be gathered or developed in accordance with procedures appropriate for theirintended uses in the evaluation of health and environmental risks associated withchemicals in the groundwater, potential identification of the source(s) of contamination,

I ~~~~and remedial engineering feasibility evaluations.

*Data will be of sufficient quality for the intended use of the data which is to create a

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conceptual model of each site describing suspected source areas of chemicals ofconcern, pathways of chemical migration, potential ecologic or human receptors, andany risk present to potential receptors.

Data reporting limits will be sufficient to meet project ARAR requirements.

4.3.1 Definition of Criteria

The PARCC (precision, accuracy, representativeness, completeness, and comparability)parameters are the characteristics of data quality. Table 4-1 lists the formulas used to calculateprecision, accuracy, and completeness.

K4.3.1.1 Accuracy

Accuracy is the degree of agreement of a measured value with the tine or expected value of themeasured quantity. It is a measure of the bias or systematic error of the entire data collectionprocess. Sources of these errors include the sampling process, field and laboratory contamination,sample preservation and handling, sample matrix, sample preparation methods, and calibration andanalysis procedures. Sampling accuracy is assessed by evaluating the results of field/trip blanks,analytical accuracy through the use of calibration and method blanks, calibration verification

Isamples, laboratory control samples, and matrix spikes.

4.3.1.2 Precision

Precision is the mutual agreement among individual measurements of the same property and is ar measure of the random error component of the data collection process. The overall data precision

is a function of the sampling precision and the analytical precision. The sampling precision isassessed by collecting field duplicates. The analytical precision is determined by preparing and

analyzing duplicate subsamples. Precision can be expressed in several different ways, each ofwhich has its uses; for multiple measurements these include the standard deviation, the relativestandard deviation, and the range. For duplicates the precision is expressed as the relative percent

-difference (RPD).

4.3.1.3 Representativeness

Data representativeness is the degree to which data accurately and precisely represent acharacteristic of a population, parameter variations at a sampling point, or an environmentalcondition. Representativeness is a quantitative parameter that is most concerned with the properdesign of the sampling program. The sampling program has been designed so that the samples

* collected are as representative as possible of the medium being sampled and that a sufficientnumber of samples will be collected. Representativeness is addressed by the description of thesampling techniques and the rationale used to select the sampling locations. Representativeness

- can be evaluated using RPD between field duplicates and collected samples.

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L4.3.1.4 Completeness

Completeness is defined as the percentage of measurements made that are judged to be valid data.To achieve this objective, every effort is made to avoid sample loss through accidents orinadvertence. Accidents during sample transport or lab activities which cause the loss of theoriginal sample will result in irreparable loss of data. Collection of sufficient sample allowsreanalysis in the event of an accident involving a sample aliquot. The assignment of a set ofcontinuous laboratory numbers to a batch of samples which have undergone chain-of-custodyinspection makes it more difficult for the analyst to overlook samples when setting up a batch ofsamples for analysis. The continuous laboratory numbers also make it easy during the datacompilation stage to pick out the samples which have not been analyzed and to order theiranalysis before the data are reported and before holding times have been exceeded. Thecompleteness of each batch of samples can be calculated by dividing the total number of analysescompleted by the number that should have been performed on that batch times 100.

L4.3.1.5 Comparability

Data comparability is a measure of the confidence with which one data set can be compared toanother. It cannot be described in quantitative terms, but must be considered in designing thesampling plans, analytical methodology, quality control, and data reporting. The use of standard

D ~sampling techniques and validated, EPA-approved analytical methods ensure that the parametersbeing measured are comparable with data generated from other sources. Reporting of data inunits used by other organizations also ensures comparability.

4.3.2 Achievement of Goals

Table 4-2 identifies numerical goals for precision and accuracy for matrix spikes, matrix spikeduplicates, surrogates, and laboratory control samples for the various parameter groups. Thecompleteness goal for measurement data is 90 percent.

4.4 SAMPLING PROCEDURES

Field activities include:

* Collection of groundwater samples from existing and new wells* Soil vapor surveys or soil vapor monitoring at selected locations.

i 4.4.1 Sampling Protocols

Protocols for sample collection, transport, and storage will be in accordance with the federal,state, and USAF Guidance Documents set forth in the Field Sampling Plan (FSP), presented inSection 5 of this RAWP.

4.4.2 Sample Handling

Groundwater samples will be collected in accordance with the applicable documents listed in

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Section 1 of this RAWP. A list of sample containers, sample volumes, methods of preservation,and holding times for groundwater samples are presented in Table 4-3.

4.5 SAMPLE CUSTODY

* ~4.5.1 Field Operations

The environmental sampling and field analyses that will be conducted during the field investigationis discussed in greater depth in the FSP.

4.5.2 Laboratory Operations

QAJQC procedures discussed below are for groundwater samples analyzed by the laboratory.

4.5.2.1 Sample Handling

After samples have been collected and labeled and the chain-of-custody forms initiated, theproject manager completes the right side of the chain-of-custody form. This form providessample-specific information and a listing of the parameters required on each sample, along with

gthe required analytical sensitivity. The chain-of-custody form and appropriate field data sheets aresealed in a water-tight plastic ehvelope and shipped with the samples to the laboratory.

* p 4.5.2.2 Sample Receipt and Logging

Upon receipt at the laboratory, the Sample Management Officer or designated custodian inspectsthe samples for integrity and checks the shipment against the chain-of-custody/analytical task

* d~order form. Cooler temperatures are checked and documented on the chain-of-custody form.The pH of preserved samples (except volatile organics) is measured and documented in theSample pH Logbook which is maintained in the Sample Management Office.

The pH of sample vials submitted for volatile organics determinations are checked by the analystduring analysis, and the pH is recorded in the instrument run logbook.

Discrepancies are addressed at this point and documented on the chain-of-custody form, and mustbe resolved before samples are released to the laboratory for analysis. When the shipment andthe chain-of-custody are in agreement, the custodian enters the samples into the AnalyticalCustody and Preservation Log and assigns each sample a unique laboratory number.

This number is affixed to each sample bottle. The custodian then enters the sample and analysisinformation into the Laboratory Information Management System (LAMS). The original of thechain-of-custody form is given to the data management group, with a copy to the laboratory

*operations manager.

Samples, extracts, or digestates that are sent to another laboratory are transmitted using a chain-of-custody form which includes collection date and time, field and laboratory identificationnumbers, and requested analyses. In addition, copies of the sample preparation logs are included

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I ~~for extracts and digestates to provide information on the preparation dates and weights andvolumes used.

4.5.2.3 Sample Storage and Security

While in the Iaboratoiy, the samples and aliquots that require storage at approximately 40 C aremaintained in a locked refrigerator unless they are being used for analysis. Samples for purgeableorganics determinations are stored in a dedicated refrigerator, separate from other samples,sample extracts, and standards. The Sample Management Officer is responsible for sample

-storage and security. Specific tasks include:

I *~~~ Samples and extracts are stored in a secure area. The sample custodian controls accessto the storage area. (Duplicate keys for locked storage areas are maintained only bythe appropriate personnel.)

* Samples are removed from the shipping container and stored in their original containersunless damaged. Damaged samples are disposed of in an appropriate manner afternotifying the Project Manager. This disposal is documented.

* Whenever samples are removed from storage, this removal is documented. AllIi ~ ~~~transfers of samples are documented on internal chain-of-custody records.

* Samples and extracts are stored after completion of analysis in accordance with the

contract or until instructed otherwise by the Project Manager.

* VQA samples are stored separately from other samples.

* Samples are not stored with standards or sample extracts.

J ~4.5.2.4 Sample Tracking

Laboratory Managers/Supervisors use the LIMS and copies of the chain-of-custody records togenerate "backlist" reports of unanalyzed samples. The information in these reports is sorted byanalysis and laboratory sample number and includes the collection times along with the project

1' name, field sample identifications, and matrix. The supervisor prioritizes the samples on the basisof holding times and assigns them on a daily basis to the analysts.

4.5.2.5 Sample Identification and Custody Recordi

The National Enforcement Investigations Center (NBC) of EPA defines custody of evidence inIthe following ways:

*It is in your actual possession; orI * ~~~It is in your view, after being in your physical possession; or*It was in your possession and then you locked or sealed it up to prevent tampering; or*It is in a secure area.

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So that the laboratory may satisfy sample chain-of-custody requirements, the following standardoperating procedures for laboratory/sample security are implemented:

I *~~~~ Samples are stored in a secure area.

* Access to the laboratory is through a monitored area. Other outside-access doors tothe laboratory are kept locked.

*Visitors sign a visitor's log and are escorted while in the laboratory.

-~~~ *~ Refrigerators, freezers, and other sample storage areas are securely maintained or

I ~~~~locked.

* Only the designated sample custodian and supervisory personnel have keys to lockedsample storage area(s).

* Samples remain in secure sample storage until removed for sample preparation orI ~ ~~~~analysis.

* All transfers of samples into and out of storage are documented.

* Custody records are maintained in the Sample Management Office.

Samples, extracts, and digestates are routinely retained at the laboratory for 60 days after the finalanalytical data report has been forwarded to the client so that any analytical problems can be

addressed. The samples, extracts, and digestates are then discarded.

4.6 CALIBRATION PROCEDURES FOR FIELD TEST EQUIPMENT

* II Field instruments will be calibrated daily prior to the start of field sampling. Calibrationprocedures and frequency for field test equipment are discussed in the FSP.

* ~4.7 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

* ~4.7.1 Identification of Methods

The analytical methods (Table 4-4) for this project were selected to ensure data comparabilitywith previous monitoring data.

4.7.2 Detection and Quantitation Limits

A detection limit has been defined by the Committee on Environmental Improvement of theAmerican Chemical Society (ACS) (Anal. Chem. 55:2210-2218 [1983]) as 'the lowestconcentration that can be determined to be statistically different from a blank." Variousmethods are available for determining detection limits; most of them are based on the standard

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T

deviation of measurements in the region near the blank responses. The following detection limitsare determined routinely in the laboratory:

L Instrument detection limits (IDLs) are determined using the protocols given in the inorganic andorganic statements of work for the U.S. EPA Contract Laboratory Program. A standard

Fdeviation is calculated from replicate measurements of a low-level standard and multiplied bythree to give the IDL. IDLs are used as an index of instrument performance that does not includesample effects and, therefore, represent the lowest detection limit achievable. T1DLs can vary

?between instruments of the same type and can change when redetermined.

Method detection limits (MDLs) are determined using the EPA procedure published in40 CFR 136 Appendix B. The MDL is defined as "the minimum concentration of a substancethat can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that the analyte concentration isgreater than zero and is determnined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix containing theanalyte. " This procedure requires that "all sample processing steps of the analytical method beincluded in the deternination of the method detection limit. " MDLs therefore are influenced bythe sample matrix and sample preparation process as well as the analytical instrumentation. Aminimum of seven replicates spiked at one to five times the expected MDL are analyzed. TheMDL is calculated by multiplying the standard deviation of the measurements by the Studentt-value for a 99 percent confidence level. Because of the wide variety of matrix types analyzed by

the laboratory, MDLs are routinely determined only in reagent water. These MDLs represent,therefore, the optimum values, and the MDLs for actual sample matrices are likely to be higher.

rWhen interpreting data and detection limits it is important to remember that, when a measuredconcentration is greater than the detection limit, the analyte has the specified probability ofactually being present (i.e., of having a true concentration greater than zero); however, the

Vdetection limit cannot be used to say anything about the presence or absence of an analyte that hasa measured concentration less than the detection limit. From the definition of the MDL there isonly a 1 percent chance that a sample with no analyte will produce a concentration greater than orequal to the MDL (false positive). The probability is 50 percent, however, that a sample with a

Li concentration at the MDL will be measured as less than the MDL (false negative).

It is also important when interpreting low-level data to consider the precision of measurementsclose to the detection limit. The relative standard deviation (six) of a value at the MDL is32 percent, and the 3a limits are the MDL ± MDL. For a sample with an analyte concentration atthe MDL, 50 percent of the time the measured value will be less than the MDL and 50 percent ofthe time between the MDL and 3 x MDL.

Reporting limits: While MDLs define the level at which a target compound can be detected,reporting limits (RE) are defined as the level at which a compound can be qualified with anacceptable degree of confidence. Also called practical quantitation limits (PQLs), RLs are usedwhen reporting data. RLs are established based on the MDL and the sensitivity of the analyticaltechnique. Per AECEE JRP requirements, the RL is verified with a low level calibration standardat a concentration less than the AFCEE PQL. The laboratory reporting limits for this project arelisted in Table 4-5.

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4.7.3 Method Calibration

Instruments and equipment used are controlled by a formal calibration program. The programverifies that equipment is of the proper type, range, accuracy, and precision to provide datacompatible with specified requirements. All instruments and equipment that measure a quantity,

IT ~or whose performance is expected at a stated level, are subject to calibration.

4.7.3.1 Standard Receipt and Use Documentation

[Primary standards are obtained as either neat materials, which are used to prepare stock standardsolutions, or as prepared solutions, which are used as the stock standards. Records aremaintained on the primary standards that include date of receipt, source, purity, compositionalinformation, storage conditions, and expiration date. All primary standards are traceable to NISTor vendor certified. The preparation of stock, intermediate, and working standard solutions is

Precorded in standards preparation logbooks, which are specified to the requirements of eachoperational group. Each stock, intermediate, and working standard is assigned a number that isused to trace the preparation from stock to working standards and to reference the analysis of thestandards. The logbooks are completed by the appropriate analysts as they prepare the standardsand are reviewed by the supervisor. Working standards are labeled with complete information onpreparation date, concentration of each compound, solvent, preparer's name, expiration date, andI! ~logbook where information on the standard is recorded. Measurements made during standardspreparation (e.g., from weighing operations) are also recorded.

4.7.3.2 Laboratory Calibration Procedures

Two types of calibrations are performed by the laboratory: physical and chemical. Physicalcalibration refers to physical measurements that are made on apparatus or equipment to verify orprovide corrections to the observed data. The physical calibrations performed on laboratoryequipment are given in Table 4-6. Physical calibrations are documented on data sheets that areVdesigned for each specific application. The information recorded includes, at a minimum: date,analyst, instrument identification, identification of reference standard, expected values, measuredvalues, and correction factors (if applicable).

Chemical calibration or standardization refers to those operations in which instrument response(in its broadest interpretation) is related to analyte concentration.

4.8 DATA REDUCTION, VALIDATION, AND REPORTING

4.8.1 Data Reduction

Data reduction includes all processes that change either the values or numbers of data items. Thedata reduction processes used include the calculation of sample concentrations from instrumentresponses and computation of quality control and statistical parameters (Table 4- 1).

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14.8.1.1 Field Reportable Data

* ~~Entry of raw field data into computer or onto paper records is performed by field personnel or adata coordinator for large projects.

* ~4.8.1.2 Laboratory Reportable Data

Raw laboratory data are converted to sample concentrations using the formulas given in* ~~Table 4-7. The calculations are either performed by computerized data systems interfaced to the

Linstruments, manually using calculators, or using programs on stand-alone computers.

The analysts are responsible for the reduction of the raw data that they generate. The specificduties of the analysts include:

*Reduce all raw data generated to reportable values.F * ~~~Initial review of analytical and quality control data.

*Manual calculations and transfer onto forms and into LIMS database.I * ~~~Prepare computer files for instrumental calculations.*Generate data package..Copy relevant forms and logs for inclusion in data package.*Submit the data package to supervisor for review.

* ~~For noninstrumental methods and instruments without computerized data systems that requiremanual calculations, the analyst performing the analysis enters the bench-generated data into abound laboratory workbook with formn-specific instrumental responses (absorbances, percenttransmittances, etc.), standard and spike concentrations, sample numbers, and any other pertinentinforniation. The workbooks are under the control of the group supervisors who are responsiblefor their security.

For instruments that are directly coupled to computerized data systems, the raw data areinstrument responses in the form of printer output, chromatograms, integrator output, orcomputer-generated data files. The chromatogramns and printer output are filed by sample batch.The data files are archived on disk or magnetic tape. Computer data files are identified by unique,sequential descriptors which are cross-referenced in the mun logs to the analysis sequence.

Chromatogramns and strip chart recordings are labeled with the following information, at aminimum:

*sample identification (laboratory sample number, standard or QC sample description)*date and time of analysisI * ~~~instrument identification

analyst*operational parameters (e.g., temperatures, volumes, columns) when applicableI * ~~~data file identification (for computerized systems)*positively identified compounds (for manual chromatograms)

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L4.8.2 Data Quality Assessment (Data Integrity)

-- ~Data integrity refers to how well the data produced represent the process of interest. Integrity isassured if the data are reported as the result of procedures that ensured that proper sampling andanalysis methods were selected, the methods were followed correctly, the results were notcompromised as a result of intentional or accidental reporting of incorrect values,. and records

L were maintained so as to document the procedures used.

7' 4.8.2.1 Field Activities

Field records are evaluated by the field supervisor for the following, at a minimum:

Ii * ~~completeness*identification of valid samples*identification of anomalous field test data*accuracy and precision of the field data and measurements

fl ~The review of field record completeness checks that all requirements for field activities in thestudy plan have been fulfilled, that complete records exist for each field activity, and that theprocedures specified in the study plan have been implemented. Field documentation must ensuresample inPtegrity and provide sufficient information to recreate each field event. The results of thecompleteness check are documented, and any data affected by incomplete records are identified inthe technical report.

The identification of valid samples involves interpreting and evaluating the field records to detectproblems affecting representativeness of field samples. For example, field records can indicate

* ~~whether a well is properly constrncted; pumping records can indicate proper stabilization ofmeasured water parameters. Field audits are another source of data for review. The judgmentsconcerning sample validity will be documented in the technical report and field data associated

ii ~with poor or incorrect field work identified.

Anomalous field data will be identified and explained to the extent possible in the technical report.VExamples of such data include a well temperature that is higher than that in any other well, orwidely differing aquifer characteristics from test data obtained at several wells. Similarly,differences in well depths from constmuction records compared with field measurements areevaluated and explained. The assessment of the quality of field measurements is based on theinstrument calibration records and any corrective action reports.

4.8.2.2 Laboratory Activities

Data assessment is initially performed by the responsible analyst. The data are checked for errorsin transcription, calculations, and dilution factors and for compliance with quality controlrequirements. Failure to meet method performance quality control criteria results in reanalysis ofthe sample or lot. After the initial review is completed, the data are collected from summarysheets, workbooks, or computer files and assembled into a data package.

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The next level of data review is the prime responsibility of the laboratory QC Chemists, whoreview all data packages against method and project performance criteria. The areas addressedinclude the following:

* proper chain-of-custody and sample handling procedures followed* parametric holding times met* samples prepared and analyzed according to specified methods* instrumentation calibrated according to specified methods

spike (surrogate or standard) recoveries within specified ranges* blanks prepared and analyzed as required* calculations performed correctly and verified

transcription of raw and final data correct.4 *~~~ sample detection limits determined correctly and within required limit.

A checklist is completed and signed by the analyst, QC Chemist, and Laboratory Supervisor. Anyproblems discovered during the review and the correction actions necessary to resolve them are

* ~~communicated to the responsible laboratory manager, who discusses the findings with the LQAC* ~~for final approval.

E ~4.8.3 Data Validation and Data Reporting

4.8.3.1 Data Validation

Data validation is a systematic process of reviewing data against a set of criteria to identifyoutliers or errors and to delete suspect values or to flag them. The data review is performed fromthe perspective of the end-users, and is evaluated against the intended use as defined by project-

specific Data Quality Objectives.

Field Data Validation: Validation of the field data is the prime responsibility of the ProjectManager and project QA Officer, who address the following areas:

* Proper chain-of-custody, sample handling, and decontamination procedures followed.

* Samples collected according to specified methdds.

* Field instrumentation calibrated according to specified methods

* Quality control samples (e.g., blanks, replicates) collected as required.

* Field data sheets and logbooks completed and in agreement with sample containerI ~ ~~~labels and chain-of-custody forms.

The data collected in the field are reviewed to qualitatively characterize their representativeness.IWells that were not fully purged or wells with poor well conditions are identified in the summaryreport. Any suspect field measured data are flagged.

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I Laboratory Data Validation: No third party data validation will be performed for this project.

The DOM is responsible for assessing the usability of the data set as defined by project-specific

Data Quality Objectives.

4.8.3.2 Data Reporting and Storage

I. Laboratory Reports: Completed data packages are approved for release by the LaboratoryManagers. They are then submitted to the laboratory Reports Group and included in the report

* ~~file. After all data packages have been received by the Reports Group, a draft report is formattedto be consistent with the requirements of the project and is reviewed by the Reports Supervisor toensure compliance with format and content specifications. The draft report is then submitted tothe appropriate Laboratory Managers for certification of the results. If approved, the LM willsign the analytical narrative.

The draft is then sent to the Laboratory Project Manager, who reviews the report against allproject requirements. If acceptable, the cover letter is signed and returned to the ReportsII Supervisor, who forwards the report to the Project Manager.

Electronic Data Reporting: Electronic data deliverables will meet the requirements of IRPIMS.

II . t Project Reports: Project technical reports vary greatly, depending on the size and nature of theproject. A report can include any of the following, as required:

* title and signature page* description of project background/previous work

.summary of field and laboratory data* U ~~~discussion of results

* site maps and photographs*conclusions/recommended actions*suggestions for future work

4.8.3.3 Data Storage

All data and records are maintained in a secure manner. Project-related hardcopy informnation is*maintained in the central files, which are the responsibility of the Office Administrator.

The DOM is responsible for maintaining the project records in a secure and organized manner.Project personnel may maintain a wotking file (copies of the originals) for their daily use. Alloriginal documentation is indexed and cataloged for easy retrieval and inventory. Original datanot under the control of the project manager (e.g., analytical, subcontractor) will be referenced asI to location and the individual responsible for maintaining the data. A typical project file couldinclude the following:

I *~~~ financial/insurance records* contractual agreements, including modifications* statement of work

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* correspondence (internal and external)* subcontractor agreements* proposal* project reports (progress, status, final)* work/sampling/QA plans* drawings and specifications* computer disks/tapes* QA and QC reports* construction requirements* field records (e.g., logbooks, boring logs, data sheets, photographs)

*reference log (location of other data, i.e., analytical data)

All analytical data are maintained in a secure manner either within the laboratories or in an off-sitelocation. Project-related hardcopy information is maintained in the Central Project Files, whichare the responsibility of the Office Administrator. The central files include project statements ofwork or proposals, correspondence to and from the client, chain-of-custody records, quality

* I ~assurance plans, final data reports, and references as to where laboratory backup data can beLlocated in the laboratory or in archives. The analytical data reports are filed by report number in a

separate section of the central files and contain all documentation sent to the client as well as allbackup information on the analyses. The central files do not include laboratory notebooks,

Lstripcharts, instrument logbooks, or computer disks/tapes, which are stored within the responsibleoperational groups. When a project is complete, the project files and other related data are

Ochecked, inventoried, and put into the archive system. A unique box number is assigned to eachParchive box and entered into the archive file on the LAN system; the contents of each box are alsolisted in the file. Unless superseded by program, project, or client-specific requirements, thedisposal date of the archived files is 7 years from the archive date. Archives are maintained in asecure off-site warehouse.

Electronic data on magnetic tapes or disks are maintained for a period of 3 years. The project andlaboratory managers are responsible for ensuring that all electronic data is stored to preventdeterioration and that records are maintained identifying the tape/disk, archive date, and discard£date.When the project is completed, it is the responsibility of the DOM to review the files forcompleteness and to prepare the files to be placed in the office archives, which is a secure areawithin the office or a warehouse. Standard, 1 cubic-foot archive boxes are used for packing files.When a box has been packed, a preprinted, prenumbered label is filled in and attached to it forP cataloging purposes. Each box has the same kind of files and the same scheduled destructiondate. The unique box numbers are the primary mechanism for identifying and retrieving archivedfiles. An inventory of the contents of each box is created which is cross-referenced to the box1 number. Three copies of the inventory are made: one copy goes into the box; one into thedepartment inventory file; and one to the Facilities Services Group, for addition to the archiveJdatabase.The Office Administrators are responsible for maintaining the archives and for handling requestsfor archived files.

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1 ~4.9 INTERNAL QUALITY CONTROL CHECKS

* ~4.9.1 Field Quality Control

Field quality control is discussed in Section 5 of this RAWP.

4.9.2 Laboratory Quality Control Samples

An important part of analytical quality control is quality control samples, which are introducedr ~into the measurement process to evaluate laboratory method performnance and samplemeasurement bias. Control samples can be prepared from environmental samples or be generatedfrom standard materials in the laboratory. QC samples for this project are discussed below, andTable 4-8 lists the quality control requirements.

4.9.2.1 Blanks

* ii Blanks are materials that are as free of target analytes as possible and that are introduced atvarious stages during sample processing to monitor possible contamination introduced by thevarious operations.

A calibration blank is an organic or aqueous solution that contains all the reagents and solvents inthe same proportions as those used to prepare the calibration standards. Calibration blanks are

Pused in the preparation of calibration curves.

A method blank is a volume of deionized laboratory water for water samples or a purified solidmatrix for soil/sediment samples that is carried through the entire sample preparation and analysisscheme as if it were an environmental sample. The method blank volume or weight will beapproximately equal to the sample volumes or sample weights being processed. Method blanksare used to monitor interferences caused by contaminants in solvents, reagents, glassware, and

other sample processing hardware. They are also called reagent blanks and preparation blanks.

fA method blank is prepared and analyzed with each analytical batch of 20 or fewer samplesprepared.

f4.9.2.2 Verification (Check) Solution

A calibration verification solution (quality control check standard) is a standard solution, preparedBindependently of the calibration standards, that is used to verify the accuracy of the calibrationstandards.

4.9.2.3 Laboratory Control Sample

A laboratory control sample (LCS) is an aqueous or solid control sample of known compositionI which is analyied using the same sample preparation, reagents, and analytical methods employedfor field samples. An LCS is obtained from an outside source or is prepared in the laboratory by

I spiking reagent water or a clean solid matrix from a stock solution that is different from that used

WP6]1.2796.21.OU345RAWF.CH4-5.3 4-17

for the calibration standards. The LCS is used to demonstrate whether the sample preparationand analytical steps are in control, apart from sample matrix effects. LCSs are also called qualitycontrol reference samples, method blank spikes and laboratory fortified blanks. The LCS containsthe project specific analytes of concern for multianalyte methods. For methods in which thesamples are not subjected to any processing steps that are not done to the standards, such as thedetermination of ammonia in aqueous samples by automated colorimetry, the laboratory controlsample and verification standard are the same and are not separately prepared.

4.9.2.4 Spikes

A spike is a sample to which is added a known amount of analyte(s) before analysis. Prom theconcentrations of the analyte in the spiked and unspiked samples a percent recovery is calculated.Many samples exhibit matrix effects in which other sample components interfere with thedetermination of the analyte. The value of the percent recovery indicates the extent of the

interference.

A matrix spike is prepared by adding an analyte to a subsample of a field sample before samplepreparation and analysis. Matrix spikes indicate the performance of the entire method in the givenmatrix. For multianalyte methods a representative suite of the analytes is used in the matrix spike.

An analytical spike is prepared by adding an analyte to an aliquot of a processed sample prior toanalysis. They are used to determine whether the analysis system is in control when a matrix

L ~~spike is outside its limits.

4.9.2.5 Replicates

Replicate samples are samples that have been divided into two or more portions at some step inthe measurement process. Each portion is then carried through the remaining steps of the[ ~~process. Replicate samples provide information on the precision of the operations involved.

Method duplicates are a pair of subsamples from a field sample that are taken through the entirepreparation and analysis scheme. They indicate the precision of the entire method in the givenmatrix. Under AFCEE QA protocols, organic methods, the matrix spike is duplicated, providinga matrix spike duplicate. Matrix spike duplicates are prepared for every analytical batch of 20 orfewer samples.

Analytical duplicates are prepared by taking two aliquots of a processed sample and analyzingI ~ ~them in the same manner. They are used to monitor the precision of the analysis system for theprocessed matrix.

4.9.2.6 Surrogates

Surrogates are organic compounds that are similar to the analytes of interest in chemicalIcomposition, extraction, and chromatography, but are not normally found in environmentalsamples. These compounds are spiked into all blanks, standards, samples, and spiked samplesprior to purging or extraction in order to monitor preparation and analysis of samples. Generally,

WP61 12796.21IQU345RAW.F.CH4-5.3 4-18

surrogates are used in chromatographic organic analyses but not in inorganic analyses. Surrogatespike recoveries must fall within the control limits specified in the method or program. Surrogate

* ~~recoveries are not calculated if sample dilution causes the surrogate concentration to fall belowI the quantitation limit.

( 4.9.2.7 Performance Evaluation Samples

Performance evaluation (PE) samples are standard reference materials or QC samples of knownconcentration obtained from the EPA, or a commercial source. The analysis of PE samplesmonitors method accuracy.

Blind performance samples (quality control check samples) are PE samples for which the analyteconcentrations are unknown to the analysts. They are used as part of external and internal

pperformance audits. The laboratory analyzes blind PE samples as part of its laboratory

ii certification efforts. Samples from the EPA water supply and water pollution studies are analyzedsemiannually for laboratory certification programs. The results of the analysis of PE samples aremaintained by the QA manager. The laboratory supervisors are required to investigate and

respond to any results that are outside the control limits.

Known performnance samples are obtained from the same sources as those described above, but* V ~are used by the analyst to check the accuracy of an analytical procedure prior to analysis of

samples. These are particularly applicable when a minor revision has been made to an analytical

Ii ~procedure or instrument.

4.9.3 Control Limits

Control limits for accuracy and precision are calculated from LCS recoveries to monitor methodperformance. The limits are updated annually or when the method is changed significantly. Table

4-9 gives the formulas for the calculation of accuracy and precision limits.

4.10 PERFORMANCE AND SYSTEM AUDITS

Audits are systematic checks to determine the quality of operation of some activity or function.

Audits are of two types: system and performance.

4.10.1 System Audits

fSystem audits are onsite qualitative inspections and reviews of the quality assurance system used

by some part of or the entire measurement system.

4.10.1.1 Internal System Audits

Internal system audits of field activities are conducted by the Corporate Quality AssuranceIofficer. The audits are performed against a set of requirements, which may be the SAP, an SOP,or the project statement of work. A checklist is generated from these requirements and becomes

jWP61I .12796.2].OU345RAW F.CH-4-5.3 4- 19

the basis for the audit. The results of any deficiencies noted during the audit are summarized in anaudit report.

27System audits of genera] laboratory operations are conducted by teams that consist of, at aminimum, an audit team leader and an auditor. The audit team leader, usually the LQAC, isresponsible for all the activities of a specific audit including organization, implementation,completion, and reporting. The audit team may also include a technical assistant who providestechnical expertise and assistance to the team on a specific task or function.

L First, the scope of the audit is established; for example, whether it is to review a certain project ora particular operation group, or it is to investigate a problem or an ongoing problem area. To11 ensure that the scope of the audit is accomplished and that the audit follows establishedprocedures, a checklist is developed before each audit.

The audit checklist is used to identify compliance of sample handling, analysis, testing, andmanagement of the resulting data. Questions developed are designed to establish the degree to

* ~~which prescribed quality control procedures are being implemented. The checklist is reviewedwith the appropriate project staff who supply evidence that procedures are being followed asstated. The response to each checklist item covered during the audit is noted as satisfactory,unsatisfactory, or not applicable, with explanations of the notation made, as applicable.

Following each audit, the lead auditor prepares an Audit Finding Report, identifying deficienciesand recommending corrective actions. The report is submitted to the DOM, CQAO, and LQAC,IF ~as appropriate, and the manager of the audited group. The completed report for each audit ismaintained by the DOM, and a copy is placed in project files.

P 4.10.1.2 External System Audits

External system audits may be conducted by representatives of oversight agencies to supplement* U ~the quality assurance record for a project. Such audits are arranged with the laboratory, approved

by the client, and result in an audit report. The laboratory responds to required remedial actionsidentified in external audit reports with a corrective action plan. The results of these audits areincluded in the QA summary for the project.

4.10.2 Performance Audits

Perform-ance audits are independent sample checks made to arrive at a quantitative measure of thequality of the data produced by one section of or the entire measurement process. Performanceaudits are conducted by introducing control samples, in addition to those used routinely, into thedata production process. These control samples may include:

EPA and state performance evaluation (PE) samples* field samples spiked with known amounts of analyte* split field samples that are analyzed by another laboratory* single-blind QC samples (concentrations unknown to analysts)

double-blind QC samples (identity and concentrations unknown to analysts)

WP61I12796.21 QLJ345RAW.F.CH4-5.3 4-20

4.10.2.1 Internal Performance Audits

I The LQAC is responsible for conducting all internal performance audits. Audits are conducted atappropriate intervals for each operational and support group but at a minimum on an annual basis.

* I ~The results of performance audits are summarized and maintained by the LQAC and distributed tothe supervisors, who must investigate and respond to any results that are outside the controllimits.

4.10.2.2 External Performance Audits

L Laboratories regularly participate in external performance audits as part of certification efforts.PE samples from the EPA water supply and water pollution studies are analyzed twice yearly forthe state certification programs requiring participation. In addition, PE samples are analyzed

ji annually for other states and agencies that supply their own samples.

The results of external performance audits are summarized and maintained by the laboratory QAstaff and distributed to the Laboratory Managers, who must investigate and respond to any resultsthat are outside the control limits.

14.11 LABORATORY PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

Preventive maintenance is an organized program of actions (such as equipment cleaning,* L ~lubricating, reconditioning, adjustment, and/or testing) taken to maintain proper instrument and

equipment performance and to prevent instruments and equipment from failing during use. Anadequate preventive maintenance program increases reliability of a measurement system. The

preventive maintenance program considers the following:

* the instruments, equipment, and parts thereof that are subject to wea, deterioration, orother change in operational characteristics without periodic maintenance

the spare parts that should be available to minimize downtime

the frequency that maintenance is required.

The implementation of a preventative maintenance program is dependent upon the specificinstruments and equipment used.

The managers are responsible for preparation and documentation of the preventative maintenanceprogram. The supervisors implement the program, and the QA manager reviews implementationto verify compliance.

For each operational group, the preventive maintenance program includes the following, at aminimum:

a listing of the instruments and equipment that are included in the program

WP61.12796.21.OU345RAW.F.CH4-5.3 4-21

* the frequency of maintenance considering manufacturer's recommendations and/orprevious experience with the equipment

* a file for each instrument in the program containing the following information:

- a list of spare pants maintained

T ~~~~- external service contracts (if applicable)

- items to be checked and/or serviced during maintenance and directions forperforming maintenance (if external service is not provided or if not stated in

* ~~manufacturer's instrument manuals)

The preventative maintenance activities performed by are given in Table 4-10. Laboratory1. preventive maintenance is conducted by qualified laboratory personnel or outside vendors and

documented in instrument logbooks. Date of service, person performing service, type of serviceperformed, reason for service, and replacement pants are recorded. Copies of service records

Lfrom outside vendors are maintained by the laboratory supervisor with the instrument file.

I 71 4.12 PROCEDURES TO ASSESS DATA PRECISION, ACCURACY, ANDI ~~COMPLETENESS

4.12.1 Formulas

The formulas used to calculate accuracy, precision, and completeness are given in Table 4-1.

4.12.2 Control Limits

Laboratory control limits are calculated using the formulas in Table 4-9.

4.12.3 Documentation and Review of QA/QC Activities

Laboratory Quality Control is evaluated in the narrative section of each laboratory report whichcontains observations made during sample analysis, summarizes the results of quality controlfmeasurements, and addresses the impact on data usability based upon project Data QualityObjectives. For each fractional analysis the narrative includes:

* Sample chronology: This section summarizes the sample history by fraction includingthe sample preparation method and date, analytical method, and analysis date.Anything unusual about the samples, digestates, or extracts is identified. Holding timecompliance is evaluated in this section.

* Laboratory method performance: All quality control criteria for method performanceb ~~~~must be met for all target analytes for data to be reported. These criteria generally

apply to instrument tune, calibration, method blanks, and Laboratory Control Samples(LCS). In some instances where method criteria fail, usable data can be obtained and

WP6L12796.21.0u345RAW.E.CH45.3 4-22

are reported with client approval. The narrative will then include a thorough discussionof the impact on data quality.

L * ~~~Sample performance: Quality control field samples are analyzed to determine anymeasurement bias due to the sample matrix based on evaluation of matrix spikes (MS),matrix spike duplicates (MSD), and laboratory duplicates (D). If acceptance criteriaare not met, matrix interferences are confirmed either by reanalysis or by inspection ofthe LCS results to verify that laboratory method performance is in control. Data are7~~~~ ~reported with appropriate qualifiers or discussion.

4.13 CORRECTIVE ACTION

tCorrective action is necessitated by the failure of a given quality control measure to produceresults that are within prescribed acceptance limits. Corrective action may also be necessary as aSresult of internal or external audits, performance evaluation samples, split samples, or otherregulatory review.

Table 4-8 presents the quality control criteria and the specific corrective action to be taken foreach type of quality control measure. A summary of laboratory corrective action procedures is

also included.

The field supervisor, project QA officer, laboratory managers and supervisors, and laboratory QAmanager are responsible for assessing the QC measures and initiating and/or approving correctiveactions, If previously reported data are affected by the situation requiring correction or if thecorrective action will impact the project budget or schedule, the project manager and the client

project officer are directly involved.

The Nonconformance Report and Laboratory Nonconformance Record are used to notify projectand/or laboratory personnel of the problem and the corrective action and to document theimplementation and approval of the corrective action.

Any corrective action recommended by AFCEE as a result of system or performance audits, splitsamples, or data validation review will be documented and implemented.

4.14 QUALITY ASSURANCE REPORTS

j 4.14.1 Reporting Procedure

Internal QA audit reports will be prepared by the CQAO, submitted to the DOM, and included inproject reports, If no project audits are performed and no significant QA/QC problems occur fora specific project, a letter stating this fact will be submitted in lieu of a QA report.

WP6I.12796,21.OU345RAW.FCH4-5.3 4-23

14.14.2 Report Content

These reports will include the following:

summary of field QC data

I ~ ~ ~ .summary of laboratory QC data and assessment of Data Quality Objectives (precision,accuracy, and method detection limits)

results of any system or performance audits

I *~~~ significant QA problems and their resolution

progress/outcome of any corrective action.

W111762.U4RWFC45342

5. FIELD SAMPLING PLAN

4 ~~This Field Sampling Plan (FSP) contains the requirements and procedures for the collection ofgroundwater and soil vapor samples for remedial progress monitoring at OUs 3, 4, and 5 atEielson AFB. The purpose of the FSP is to provide enough written detail so an experienced field

T, team unfamiliar with the project would be able to collect representative samples at the requiredsites. This FSP is formatted to be consistent with the AFCEE Handbook (AFCEE 1993) and with

previous Eielson AFB field sampling plans.

5.1 FIELD OPERATIONS

IA Health and Safety Plan to cover all field operations is included as Appendix B. The fieldoperations covered under this plan are the sampling of soil vapor and groundwater required forremedial progress monitoring. Table 2-1 is a list of water samples and analyses which may beD included for remedial progress monitoring.

The Contractor will maintain a trailer on the base, equipped with copies of relevant project

documents and plans, field supplies and tools, safety equipment, and potable water.

Groundwater and soil vapor sampling will be the primary tasks performed under the program.11 Notes chronicling daily field activities will be kept in a bound field notebook. Samplingprocedures are described in the following section.

5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING

t 5.2.1 Well Sampling Procedures

Specific procedures for sampling of monitoring/supply wells are discussed below.

5.2.1.1 Well Inspection

The outer protective monument, well casing, and well cap/seal will be inspected for any signs ofdamage or tampering, If there is evidence of damage or tampering, or if a lock is missing, thiswill be recorded in the groundwater purge and sample (GPS) form described in Section 5.5 and/orin the bound field log book. This form will be used at each well to record information describedbelow.

I¾ 5.2.1.2 Determination of Water Level/Liquid Thickness

The well cap or expandable seal will be removed and wells will be gauged to measure depth towater and any apparent thickness of product. Measurements will be read to the nearest 0.01 feetwith an electric sounder such as an ORS Interface Probe or equivalent. Water depth, productdepth, and measuring point description (top of casing, if possible) will be recorded on the sampleI purge forms. Water level indicator probes will be decontaminated before and after measuringeach monitoring well by rinsing with deionized or distilled water.

WP61-12796.21.OU34SRAWE.CH4-5 3 5-1

5.2.1.3 Well Purging and Sampling

The samples will be collected by first purging the wells. Purging will be accomplished using alow-flow purging method or by purging threejo five well volumes of standing water using a cleanbailer, peristaltic pump, foot valve, or submersible pump. Parameters of pH, conductivity,

I' dissolved oxygen, and temperature will be measured in the purged water using hand-held fieldinstruments. Samples will be collected after the pH and conductivity have "stabilized"(i.e., subsequent readings are less than 10 percent different). The field crew will record the valuesof the parameters for inclusion in progress reports. In wells where the primary contaminants ofconcern are petroleum hydrocarbons, the intake of the purging and sampling equipment will belocated approximately I foot below the static water level.

Low-flow (or micropurging) procedures may be used for sampling wells. The theory ofpmicropurging is to extract the purge and sample water at a low rate (approximately 1 liter/min)

i.e., below the well recovery rate (EPA 1995). If the water in the well is not disturbed by motionof the sample collection equipment, the water entering sample collection equipment should be the* f ~water coming from the formation outside the well and should therefore be representative of thewater in the aquifer. The micropurging technique for groundwater sample collection isrecommended by EPA Region 10.

IMicropurging has been conducted at the monitoring wells at Eielson AFB by adapting the use ofthe inertial pump (foot valve) used in the microwell investigations at Bielson AIFB. The pumpallows withdrawal of a low-rate stream of water by a manual pumping motion of a thinpolyethylene tube. The sample tube was installed inside a larger PVC tube to reduce disruption ofthe water column by the pumping motion of the sample tube (Figure 5-1). The wells wereoutfitted with dedicated plastic sampling equipment suitable for both conducting the micropurgingand collecting the samples. The micropurging technique has the advantage over the traditionalsample methods of being faster and easier to execute at the wellhead once the equipment is set up,fand the technique produces much less purge water that must be handled and treated.Micropurging eliminates some of the field conditions problems that occur during traditionalsample collection that may impact the representativeness of the groundwater sample. Thedrawdown caused by high flow pumps and the motion of pumps and/or bailers that fit tightly inthe wells may cause surging and cascading of the water in the well. These conditions do notoccur during mieropurging. Dedicated submersible pumps may also be used for low-flowpurging.

Wells that contain free-phase product may not be purged or sampled because of the nuisance ofhandling the product in the purge water and the increased potential for contamination of samplingequipment. Wells that have been damaged by frost heaving or surface impacts will be inspectedto estimate the possibility of contamination from the surface. A decision will be made in the fieldafter contacting the project manager as to whether to sample damaged wells or wells containingproduct. Wells with product may be sampled without purging depending on the site-specificsampling objectives.

If the traditional three-well-volume purging and sampling procedure is used, groundwaterrepresentative of the surrounding aquifer will be considered to have been achieved when pH and

J WP6I 12796.21.OU345RAW FCH4S5.3 5-2

L conductivity have stabilized to within 10 percent on three consecutive measurements and threewell volumes have been removed. Samples will then be collected using a foot valve withdedicated tubing or a plastic disposable bailer suspended on unused nylon line or cleanmonofilament line.

If a well goes dry during purging, the well will be allowed to recharge before a sample iscollected.

I 5.2.2 Sample Handling

- Samples taken for field analysis are either taken directly by the analyst or directly to the analystwithin minutes. The sample is given a unique number and recorded in the field book or on a data

L sheet.

r

L Samples for lab shipment are kept and shipped under chain of custody in accordance with thespecific analytical method.

Field samples for laboratory analysis will be labeled, recorded on a chain-of-custody form,packaged, iced, and shipped to a state accredited laboratory. Samples may be stored in a

* p ~designated refrigerator at 40 C until final packing for shipment. Individual sample bottles will beii wrapped in bubble wrap or placed in foam packs and immediately placed in coolers until

shipment. Coolers will contain double wrapped bags of ice to ensure that samples reach thelaboratory near 40C. Immediately after coolers are delivered to the air courier company, field

LI personnel will notify the analytical laboratory to expect cooler arrival. The samples will beanalyzed for selected constituents specified on the accompanying chain-of-custody form. Thetypes of sample containers, minimum volumes, preservations, holding times, and method of

analyses are described in Table 4-3.

Each sample will be assigned a unique identification number, using the following general format:

r ~~~(source area number) (station type) (station number)-(sample depth-if applicable)

For example, the coding 2OMWO1 represents a sample collected at well MWO1I at Site ST2O.Samples will also be labeled with the date and time sampled.

5.2.3 Sample Custody

Sample numbers will be recorded on the chain-of-custody (COG) form along with the date andtime the sample was collected. The COG will be sealed in a clear plastic bag and attached to theinside lid of the cooler. Coolers will be sealed securely with duct or clear tape, and COG seals

£ will be attached to the lid. Chain-of-custody forms will be signed and filled out for each cooler.The samples for duplicate analysis will be selected by the field crew and indicated on the chain-of-custody form. Copies of the COC record and the shipping airbill will be maintained by the fieldmanager and faxed to the project manager or designee for review. The airbill number will also berecorded on the COG. The CO~s will be kept as pant of the permanent sampling record.

WP6I .12796.21 OtJ345RAW.F.CH4-5.3 5-3

5.2.4 Quality Control Samples

Quality control (QC) samples will be collected and analyzed. The following defines the minimumQC sample requirements. The field crew will have the authority to collect additional samples ifdeemed important for quality control:

* One field duplicate will be collected for approximately every 20 samples.* One trip blank will be sent with every shipment for volatile compound analyses.

Oeequipment blank will be collected for ery20 smls

5.2.5 Sample Analysis Summary

Table 5-1 summarizes the types and approximate numbers of each groundwater sample type to be

collected.

5.3 FIELD MEASUREMENTS

5.3.1 Parameters

The parameters to be measured during purging include pH, temperature, specific conductance,rturbidity, oxidation-reduction potential, and dissolved oxygen, using field instruments.

5.3.2 Equipment Calibration

Calibration will be checked on all field equipment at the beginning of each day of use according tothe manufacturer's instructions. Calibration data will be recorded in the bound field log book.

5.3.3 Equipment Maintenance

All field equipment will be stored or maintained in proper working condition at either the

Dcontractor's office or the site trailer.

5.3.4 Decontamination

The exterior surfaces of the non-dedicated equipment contacting groundwater will bedecontaminated after sampling each well. Reusable sampling equipment will be decontaminatedbetween wells by scrubbing with an Alconox detergent solution, then rinsing with tap water andthen distilled or deionized water. Decontamination procedure for the Redi-FIoTM pump Will

consist of removing the dedicated discharge tubing, except for a 10-foot leader, inserting thepump into a clean drum filled with base-supplied water, and pumping a minimum of 5 gallonsthrough the pump body. New polyethylene discharge tubing will be attached before inserting thepump into the next well.

Purge and decontamination water will be contained in drums or poly bottles by the field crews anddisposed of in accordance with the IDW Plan (Appendix A).

jWP61.12796.21 0tJ345RAW.PCH4-5.3 5-4

5.4 FIELD QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM

1' 5.4.1 Control Parameters

The only parameters to be controlled in the field are those collected during well purging. See

Table 5-2 for a list of the field parameters.

5.4.2 Control Limits

The control limits for field parameters must be met prior to collection of a sample. The controllimits are given in Table 5-2.

5.4.3 Corrective Actions

If the control parameters do not stabilize within a reasonable amount of time, the probes will berecalibrated, If, following recalibration, the field parameters are still not stable enough to collect asample, the well shall continue to be purged. If the field parameters are still not stable, the sampleshall be collected and this condition recorded on the field form and in the bound field log book.The project manager shall be notified and, depending on his or herjudgement, the well will beresampled another day or sample results will be reported with a qualifier.

5.5 RECORD KEEPING

I ~~Field personnel will maintain field notes in a bound log book documenting sampling dates andlocations as well as daily events, weather conditions, observations, field measurements, and anyother pertinent information relating to field activities. All data collected during the sampling of

wells will be entered on the GPS form (Figure 5-2).

5.6 INVESTIGATIVE DERIVED WASTE

All IDW will be disposed of according to the Eielson AFB IRP IDW Management Plan(Appendix A). Disposal of IDW is an integral part of the decision process and is discussedperiodically with RPMs. Field events that generate unique IDW concerns should be discussedwith the Eielson AFB project manager.

5.7 SITE MANAGEMENT

The HQ AFCEE Contractor's Representative and base point of contact are given below.

HQ AFCEE COR: Mr. Samer Karmi, AFCEE/ERD, Elmendorf AFB, AKPhone: (907) 552-4112

Eielson AFB POC: Mr. Mike Raabe, 354 CES/CEV, Eielson AFB, AKPhone: (907) 377-1164

WP61.12796.21.0W345RAW.F.CH4-5.3 5-5

*1I Ejelson Air Force Base responsibilities will include those outlined in the Base Support Agreement

dated 21 May 1997, provided in Appendix C.V

II

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I

J WP61.I2196,21.011345RAW.F.CH4-5 3 5-6

I ~~~~~~~REFERENCES

- ~ALFCEE (Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence). 1993. Handbook for the InstallationRestoration Program Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies, September 1993.Environmental Services Directorate, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas.

-i ~EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). 1995. Groundwater Sampling WorkshopSummary, Dallas, Texas. EPA Publication 6001R-94/205.

IUSAF (United States Air Force). 1995. Operable Units 3, 4, and 5 Record of Decision, Eielson*1 ~~Air Force Base, Alaska. September.

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DISPOSABLE FL EXIBLE POLYETHYLENE TUBING

________________________________GROUND SURFACEIi~~~~~~~~/SUP CONNECTION BETWVEEN112'-4WELCSN1? ~~~~~~~DISPOSABLE AND DEDICATED TUBING1-i-4WLLCSN

1/2- POLYETHYLENE TUBING (DEDICATED)-., 4 1PV(DICT)

STA nC WATER LEVEL

1/4" WATER INLETS

INER nAL PUMP (DEDICATED)Ii ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~PVC CAP (NO CEMENT)

1 .WATER IS PUMPED AT A RATE OF APPROX. 1 LITER/MIN.I! ~ ~~BY MOVING THE POLYETHYLENE TUBING UP AND DOWNWiTH A PERIODIC MOTO0N OF 3-5" AMPLITUDE.

2. WATER INLETS ARE 1 FT. BELOW STATIC WATER LEVEL ANDARE APPROXIMATELY 1 FT. ABOVE THE PVC CAP.

3. WELL MUST BE SCREENED IN AREA OF WATER INLETS FORLOW-FLOW. NOT TO SCALE

FIGURE 5-1.LOW FLOW PURGE AND SAMPLE

WITH INERTIAL PUMP 127AT2E6

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TABLE 2-2 ARARs ESTABLISHED TO ADDRESS GROUNDWATER QUALiTYAT OU 3,4,5 SOURCE AREAS

Contaminant of Concern ARAR (Groundwater) - Drinking water MCL

Volatile Organic Compounds

Benzene 5 gig/L

Toluene 1,000 jgg/L

p ~~~Ethylbenzene 700 ggfL

Xylenes 10,000 4ig/L

b ~~~ ,4-Dichlorobenzene 75 ~tgll1 ,2-Dichloroethane 5 gigfL

I. ~~cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 70 Rg/L

trans-i1,2-Dichloroethene ioo gig/L

* b ~~Trichloroethene 5 g.g/L

* f ~~Tetrachloroethylene 5 p~g/L

Vinyl Chloride 2 [Lg/L

I ~~~~~~~~~Semnivolatile Organic Compounds

DDTI

Chlordane 12 gg/1L

Inorganic Compounds

'Lead 15 Rg/L

I -EPA Action Level

WP61.1279621.0U345RD F.T-2 I

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j ~~TABLE 4-2 QUALITY CONTROL CRITERIA FOR PRECISION &c ACCURACY FOR SURROGATES,LABORATORY CONTROL SAMPLES (LCS), MATRIX SPIKES (MS), AND MATRIX SPIKEDUPLICATES (MSD)

I Spike Accuracy (%R) Precision (a)QC Sample Spiking I Concentration

CompoundsI__________________________________ Water (pg/L) Water Water

5W5030/8010 Purgeable halocarbons

Surrogate Spike Bronnofluorobenzene 50 70-130 --

LCS, MSvIMSD Carbon tetrachlorie 50 69-129 <25

________________ Chloroform 50 85-Ill <25

1,l-Dichloroecae 50 61-129 <25* I~~~~~~~~~~~~,2-Dichlorethame 50 79-117 <25

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 50 78-117 <25

___________________ trans-I1.2-Dichloroethene 50 78-117 <25

* - ~~~~~~~~~~~Methylene chloride 5o 70-130 <25

____________________ Tetrachloroethene 50 82-106 <25

Il,1,1-Trichloroethane 50 71-129 <25

1,l,2-Trichloroethane 50 69 124 1 <25

__________________ Trichloroethene 50 81-113 <25

Vinyl Chloride 50 62-143 <25

SW5030/8020 Purgeable Aromatics

Surrogate Spike BFB IQO 69-126 --

LCS, MS/MSD Benzene 100 51-155 <20

__________________ 1l4-Dichlorobenzene 300 71-132 <30

___________________Ethylbenzene I00 71-133 <30

__________________Toluene 300 78-126 <30

J; ~ ~~~~~~Xylenes, total 300 59-137 <30

(a) Precision for matrix spikes is listed for relative 9c difference (%RPD); for Laboratory Control Samples the value is the precision£ ~ ~~~~~calculated as the moving range for successive LCS recoveries.

(b) Laboratory Control Unnits (LCS) are based on historical performiance and updated annually.- (c) Recovery criteria is the same as; the Ics, only the spike concentrations vary.

q ~~~(dt) LCS is commercially prepared reference standard; therefore concentrations will vary.

WIP61.12796 21 OUJ345RAW.F.TABLEST4-2.1 Page!I

r ~~~~~~~~~~~~TABLE 4-2 (continued)

Spike Accuracy (%R) Precision (a)QC Sample Spiking Concentration

Compounds______ _____ _____ ___ _ _____ ______ _____ _____ _____ _____ W aler (ug/L) W ater W ater

I 5~~~W8260 Volatile Organi Compound _________

Surrogate Spike Dibromofluoromethane 50 86-118 -

__________________ 4-Bromoflurobenzene (BFB) 50 86-115 -

_________ ________ Toluene-d8 50 88-110 -

LCS. MS/MSD Benzene 50 83-1 19 1

Toluene 50 86-119 <13

___________________ Chlorobenzene 50 83-122 <13

IlI-Dichloroethene 50 84-112 <14

Tnchlorcethene 50 84-1 17 <14

SW8270 Senmivolatile or anics

Surrogate Spike Nitrobenzene d5 100 35-114

___________________ 2-Fluorobiphenyl 100 43-116 -

__________________ Terphenyl-dl4 100 33-141 -

_________________ 2-Fluorophenol 200 21-100 -

__________________ Phenol-d5 200 10-94 -

__________________ 2,4,6-Tribromophenol 200 10-123 --

LCS, MS/MSD Phenol 200 21-117 <15

___________________ 2-Chlorophenol 200 23-119 <15

_________________ 1 4-Dichlorobenzene 100 24-92 <15

N-Nitroso-ch-n-propylamine 100 41-100 <15

1.2,4-Trichlorobenzene 100 39-98 <15

4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 200 23-97 <15

Acenaphthene 100 46-1 18 <15

D ~~~~~~~~~~~4-Nitrophenol 200 10-SO <I52,4-Dinitrotoluene 100 24-96 <15

Pentachlorophenol 200 9-103 <I5

_________________Pyrene 100 26-127 <I5

SW80SO Organochlorine Pesticides _________

Surrogate Spike DCB 0.2 30-I150 -

______ ______ ______ TCX 0.2 30-150 --

j ~~~~LCS. MS/MSD paninma-BHC (Lindane) 0.2 32-127 <20

J ~~~WP6I1.12796.21.OIJ345RAW.F.TABLES.T4-2.1 Page 2

j ~~~~~~~~~~~~TABLE 4-2 (continued)

Spike Accuracy (%R) Precision (a)QC Sample Spiking ConcentrationCompounds

________________________________ Water (pug/L) Water Water

__________________ Heplachlor 0.2 34-Ill <20

______ ______ ______ Aldrin 0.2 42-122 <20

Dieldrin ____________0.5 36-146 <20

______ ______ ______ Enduin 0.5 30-147 <20

4,4-DDT 0.5 1 26-160 <20

SW6O1O Metals by Induciey coupled Plasma atomtic emisospcrcpy_________

MS/MSD Antimony 500 (c) <20

Barium 2000 (c) <20

Beryllium 5o (c) <20

______ ______ ______ Cadmium 50 (c) <20

Chromium 200 (e) <20P ~ ~ ___________Cobalt 500 (c) <20

Is ____________________ Copper 250 c)<20

______ ______ ______ Iron 1000 ()<20

Ii ~~~~~~~~~~Manganese 500 (c) <20______ ______ ______ Nickel 500 (c) <20

______ ______ ______ Silver 50 c)<20

______ ______ ______ Tin (c) <20

__________________Vanadium 500 (c) <20

______ ______ ______ Zinc 500 ()<20

LCS (5) Antimony 2000 75-125 <15

Barium 4000 92-104 <15

__________________ Beryllium 100 88-110 <15£ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~Cadmium ioOO 90-101 <_____5 _Calcium 1009-0 1

Chromium 400 92-103 <I5

______ ______ _____ Cobalt 1000 90-106 <15

______ ______ _____ Copper 500 94-105 <I5

______ ______ _____ Iron 2000 96-105 <I5

_________________ Magnesium 10000 88-1 14 <15J ~~~~~~~~~~~Manganese 10091-108 <I5

I ~~~WP61I12796.21.OU345RAW.F.TABLES T4.2.l Page 3

] ~~~~~~~~~~~~TABLE 4-2 (continued)

Spike Accuracy (%0R) Precision (a)

QC Sample Spiking ConcentrationCompounds

Water (pg/L) Water Water

______ ______ _____ Nickel 1000 92-106 <15

_________________ Potassium 10000 75-125 <15

Selenium 50 75-115 <25

______ ______ _____ Silver 1000 81-101 <15

Sodium 1000 88-110 <15

_____ ____ ____ ____ Tin _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88-109 <15

Vanadium 1000 88-i0i <15-Ii ~~~~~~~~~Zinc 1000 89-103 <15

5W7060 Arsenic by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

LCS, MS/MSD IArsenic 125 76-120 <15

SW7421 Lead by Grapbite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectromet

ILCS MS/MSD L~ead 25 75-117 <26

'I~ ~ ~P1176.1O35A..ABE 42IPg

TABLE 4-3 REQUIRED CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION TECHNIQUE, ANDHOLDING TIMES FOR AQUEOUS SAMPLES lal

I. ~~~~~~~~~VolumeRequired Recommended

- ~~~~~~~Parameter (ML) Container"'~ Preservative Holding Time"c)

Metals

Metals, Total 100 P, G HNO3 to pH <2 6 months(')

Organics

PesticideslPCBs 2,000 0, Teflon- Cool, 4 C 7 days untillined cap pH 5-9 extraction

40 days afterF _______________________________________ ~ ~~ ~~~~extractionVolatile organics 80 0, Teflon- Cool, 4 C 14 days

lined septum HC1I to pH <2(c)

Ii ~~~Semnivolatile extractables(Z) 4,000 0 eln ol c 7 days untillined cap extractionF40days after

extrato

(a) From time of sample collection (40 CPR Pant 136.3).(b) Polyethylene (P) or glass (0). For metals, polyethylene with a polypropylene cap (no liner) is preferred.Ii ~ ~(c) Where shipping regulations prevent the use of the proper preservation technique or the holding time is

exceeded, ,such as the case of a 24-hour composite, the final reported data for these samples shduld indicate thespecific variance.

and immediately shipped to the laboratory. Upon receipt in the laboratory, the sample must be acidified to a

pH <2 with HN0 3 (normally 3 mL 1:1I HNQ3/L is sufficient).(e) Use 0.008% NaS,0 3 in the presence of residual chlorine.(f) Samples receiving no pH adjustment must be analyzed within 7 days of sampling.(g) Includes phthalates, nitrosamines, organochlorine pesticides, PC13s, nitroaromatics, isophorone, polynuclear

aromatic hydrocarbons, haloethers, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and phenols.

p~ ~ ~W6.29. OU4RWFTBE3-.

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TABLE 4-5 ANALYTICAL REPORTING LIMITS FOR WATER SAMPLES (a)

Parameter Units Reporting

Limit

Metals - Furnace (SW846 3020t7000series)Arsenic pgfL 10.0Lead pg/L 3.0

Metals - ICP (SW846 3010/6010)Antimony Pg/L 60Barium Asg/L 200Beryllium pg/L 5.0Cadmium pg/L 5.0Calcium pg/L 1000Chromium pug/l, 10.01 ~ ~~~Cobalt gg/L 50.0Copper pg/L 10.0Iron pg/L 100Magnesium ug/L 1000Manganese gg/L 15.0Molybdenum Pg/L 50,0Nickel pg/L 40.0Potassium pug/L 1000Silver pg/L 10.0Sodium pg/L 1000Tin tzg/L 25.0Vanadium pg/L 50.0Zinc pg/L 20.0

Sernivolatile organics GC/MS - (SW846 3520/8270)Acenaphthene p"g/L 10Acenaphthylene pug/L 10Anthracene pg/L 10B3enzo[alanthracene Pg/L 10Benzo[b]fluoranthene ttg/L 10Benzo[ajpyrene pg/L 10I ~ ~~~Benzo[ghilperylene pg/L 10Benzoic Acid pug/L 25Benzyl alcohol Pg/L 10Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether pg/L 10Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane ug/L 10Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate ug/L 10Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether ,sg/L 104-Bromophenyl phenyl ether gg/L 10Butylbenzylphthalate gg/L 10

4-Chloroaniline Pg/L 104-Chloro-3-methyl phenol pug/L 102-Chloronaphthalene jUg/L 102-Chlorophenol pag/L 10

(a) Established Reporting Limits (RLs) as laboratory quantitation levels. These are the minimum concentrations to be reportedfor routine laboratory analyses in clean environmental matrices with known presicison and accuracy. The RLs are derived fromthe MDL and the sensitivity of the analytical technique.

WP6I.12796.21 ou345RAW.F.TABLES.T4-5.I Page I

TABLE 4-5 (continued)

L ~ ~ armtrUnits ReportingLimit

Sernivolatile organics CC/MS -(SW846 3520/8270) (continued)I. ~~~4-Chiorophenyl phenyl ether pgiL 10

Chrysene p'g/L 10Dibenzo[a,hianthracene pg/L 10Dibenzofuran gg/L 10Di-n-butyl phthalate ksgIL 101 ,2-lDichlorobenzene n/gL 101,3-Dichiorobenzene pg/L 10

1,4-Dichlorobenzene Mg/PL 103,3'-Dichlorobenzidine MW/L 102,4-Dichlorophenol lig/L 10I ~~~Diethyl phihalate klL102,4-Dimethylphenol bsg/L 10

* ~~~~Dimnethyl phthalate pIg/L 104,6-Dinitro-2-methy! phenol Pg/L 252,4-Dinitrophenol pg/L- 252,4-Dinitrotoluene pg/L- 10

p ~~~2,6-Dinitrotoluene pug/L~ 10

t ~~~Di-n-octyl phthalate pg/IL 10Fluoranthene pg/L~ 10Fluorene vgiL- 10H-exachlorobenzene Pg/L 10

Ii ~~~Hexachlorobutadiene pg/L 10Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Mg/L 10

* p ~~~Hexachloroethane uig/L 10B ~~~Indeno[1I,2,3-cd]pyrene kl 10

Isophorone tsg/L 102-Methylnaphthalene Mg/L 102-Methyiphenol tsg/L 104-Methylphenol pg/L- 10Naphthalene Pug/L 102-Nitroaniline pg/L 25

b ~~~3-Nitroaniline pg/L 254-Nitroaniline mg/ 25

r ~~~Nitrobenzene p~g/L 102-Nitrophenol pIg/L 104-Nitrophenol pg/L 25N-Nitrosodiphenylamine ug/L 10

r Pentachlorophenol ygL25Phenanthrene Pg/L 10

Phenol ttg/L 10Pyrene pg/L 10I1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene pg/L 102,4,5-Trichlorophenol Pg/L 252,4,6-Trichlorophenol pIg/L 10

Volatile organics GCCELCD - halogenated compounds (SW 846 5030/8010)Carbon tetrachloride pug/LIChloroform pg/LI

WP6.1J2796.21.OU345RAW.FTABLES.T4-5.1 Page 2

TABLE 4-5 (continued)

Parameter Units Reporting-I ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Limit

* r ~Volatile organics GC/ELCD - halogenated compounds (SW 846 5030/8010) (continued)j ~~~~1,1I -Dichloroethane kpg/.I1,2-Dichloroethane ~/1,1 -Dichloroethene PggL I

7 O~~~cs- I1,2-Dichloroethene Pg/IItrans-I ,2-Dichloroethene Mg/I.IMethylene chloride Pg/LITetrachloroethene mg/I.II ~ ~~~1, 1,1-Trichloroethane Mg/I. 1.1,1 ,2-Trichloroethane pug/I.Trichloroethene Pg/I.I

Vinyl chloride pg/I.I

Volatile organics CC/ID - aromatic compounds (SW846 5030/8020)Benzene pg/I.1Chlorobenzene pg/I.II1,2-Dichlorobenzene pg/L I1 ,3-Dichlorobenzene Pg/I. 11,4-Dichlorobenzene kigI/IEthylbenzene pg/LIToluene pg/I.IXylenes, total Mg/I.I

Volatile organics CC/MS - S mL purge (SW846 5030/ 8260) - Appendix I compounds (40 CFR 258)Acetone g/d . 10g ~ ~~~Acrylonitrile pg/I. 5 0Benzene P/Bromochioromethane /Ig/L 5Bromodichioromethane pug/I 5.1 ~ ~~Bromoform pg/I. 52-B utanone pg/I. 10Carbon disulfide Pg/I. 5Carbon tetrachloride pg/I. 5Chlorobenzene pg/I. 5Chloroethane p2g/I 5Chloroform pZg/I 5

* ~~~~Dibromochloromethane pug/I 51,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane pg/I. 5

1,2-Dibromoethane M~~~g/I. 51-Dibromorethane P/trans-1,4-dichloro-2-butene Pg/I. 100I ,1-Dichloroethane pg/I 5I1,2-Dichloroethane pg/I. 51,1 -Dichloroethene ug/I. 5cis-1I,2-Dichloroethene p-gmL 5trans-I 12-Dichloroethene Mg/I. 5I I ~~~,2-Dichloropropane Pg/I.5cis-1 ,3-Dichloropropene Mg/I. 5trans-I ,3-Dichloropropene pg/I. 5I ~ ~~Ethylbenzene PA/I 5

J ~~WP61.1 2796.21.OU345RAW.F.TABLES.T4-5.l Page 3

ITABLE 4-5 (continued)

Parameter Units ReportingLimit

I ~~Volatile organics GC/MS - S ml, purge (SW846 5030/ 8260) - Appendix I compounds (40 CFR 258)(continued)

2-Hexanone ttg/ 10Isobutyl alcohol Pg/L 100

Methacrylonitrile Pg/L 100Methyl bromide Pg/L 5Methyl chloride pgIL 5

Methylene bromide pug/L 5

L Methylene chloride gg/L 5Methyl iodide pugIL 5

4-Methyl-2-pentanone Pg/I. 10

L ~~~~Styrene kpg/I.1, 1, 1,2-Tetrachloroethane ktgfL 5

1, 1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane Mg/LTetrachloroethene pgfLToluene kpg/I 51,1,1I -Trichloroethane pug/I.5I1,1,2-Trichloroethane mg/I.11 ~ ~~Trichloroethene pg/L- 5Trichlorofluoromethane p g/I.5I1,2,3-Trichloropropane /Ig/I.5Vinyl acetate tsg/L 10Vinyl chloride pg/I. 5

Xylenes (total) pg/U 5

F

j ~~WP61.12796.21.OU345RAW.F.TABLES T4-5.1 Pasc 4

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TABLE 4-7 SAMPLE CONCENTRATION FORMULAS

Application Formula Symbols

Linear regression C = (R - ao)/a, C = analytical concentrationcalibration curves R = instrument response

a0 = intercept of regression curve (instrumentresponse when concentration is zero)

a, = slope of regression curve (change in responseper change in concentration)

Calibration factors' 2 A. V1 C = concentration (tugfL)L ~~~~~ ~~~~CF V, CF = calibration factor

A, = peak size of target compound in sample extractV,= final volume of extracted sample (mL)t ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~V, = initial volume of sample extracted (mL)

Response factors2' C~ A. V1 C = concentration (,ugIL)RF A.3 V1 RF = internal standard response factor

C2, = concentration of the internal standard (ug/L)A1 = area of the characteristic ion for the target

compoundV,= final volume of extracted sample (mL).,= area of the characteristic ion for the internal

standardV2 = initial volume of sample extracted (mL)

1. Used for quantitation by the external standard technique.t2. Used for quantitation by the internal standard technique.

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[ ~~~TABLE 4-10 PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS

T ~~~~Instrument Item Checked/ServicedFrqec

Gas Chromatograph EC (Ni-63) wipe test SemiannuallyChange column As needed

Change gas wool plug As neededReplace septum As neededGases purity checks Each new cylinderChange fuses As neededReactivate external carrier gas filler dryers WeeklyReactivate flow controller filler dryers SemiannuallyClean and silanize or replace glass liners or injectors As needed or quarterly

v ~~~~~~~~~~~~Clean detectors ECD, FID/NPD As needed or annuallyClean purge vessel DailyBake trap Between each analysisReplace trap As needed

________________________Replace carrying gas filters As needed

GC/MS GC/MS maintenance is the same as

OC with the following additions:

Mechanical pump oil QuarterlyVacuum chaff filter Semiannuallyf ~~~~~~~~~~~~Turbo pump oil AnnuallyWater filter (if applicable) SemiannuallyComputer air filter SemiannuallyCard cage air filter SemiannuallySource-clean ceramics, polish lenses As neededClean poles and ceramics As neededClean contacts on the component boards As neededVacuum the component boards As needed4 ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~Replace quartz injection port insert As neededReplace septum As neededInjection port liner checked DailyL ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~Column maintenance As neededDisk drive SemiannuallyPrinter Quarterly

U ~~HPLC Pressure WeeklyOil levels WeeklyFilters As needed

______ ______ ______ _____ Pump drives Annually

________________________Fluorescence detector/deuterium lamns Biweekly

WP61.12976 21.OU345RAW DEFTABLES.T4-10.I Page I

TABLE 4- 10 (continued)

Instrutment Item Checked/Serviced Frequency

Atomiic Absorption 3-point calibration performed When serviced bySpectrophotometer repairman

Burner head Each parametert ~~~~~~~~~~~~Electrical Each shiftLamps Each parameterNebulizer Each shiftj ~~~~~~~~~~~~Optics Quarterly

L Pump Each shiftTygon tubing Each shiftClean windows Each shiftReplace graphite tube As needed, or 80-100

samplesReplace contact rings Quarterly, or as

neededReplace quartz windows SemiannuallyClean furnace windows DailyAlign background lamp QuarterlyCheck wave length drive Quarterly

Inductively Coupled Sample introduction system DailyPlasma Spectrophotometer Check pumps Daily

L ~~~~~~~~~~~~Check electronics DailyClean, realign torch Monthly, or as neededClean nebulizer Monthly, or as neededClean mrixing chamber Monthly, or as neededCheck nebulizer press MonthlyReplace pump tubing Daily, or as needed

_________________________ Clean air filters M onthly

Ion Chromatograph Change plunger seals Six monthsCheck plumbing DailyOil pumps Weekly (leak check

monthlyCheck filter (inlet) WeeklyChange column Replaced 6 months or'ii ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~as neededCheck bed support Change when pressure

r ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~dropsb ~~~~~~~~~~~~Change fuses As neededChange pump motor As neededReplace plunger seals SemniannuallyClean check valve SemiannuallyD ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~Clean, replace solvent reservoir filter SemiannuallyDegas pump head As neededClean, replace cell packing, degas flow cell As needed or quarterly

Infrared Spectrophotometer Clean cells Daily

TotalOrgaic Carbon Check oxygen purity Each new cylinderInstrument Check heater________________________ Add acid M onthly

WP6I.,12976,21 .OI34SPAW.DF.TABLES.T4.10.1I Page 2

TABLE 4-10 (continued)

Instrument Item Checked/Serviced Frequency

LTVVisSpetrohotrneer Clearfcells and windows DailyLamp As neededWavelength checked QuarterlyServiced As needed

Refrigerators/Freezers Temperature checked and logged Each work dayL ~ ______________Compartment cleaned Quarterly

Walk-in Coolers Temperature checked and logged Each work dayUnit cleaned Quarterly

L ~~~Balances Service representative calibration AnnuallyInternal weight train, gears, electronics Annual service

Thermometers Calibrated Annually

Class S Weights Calibrated Annually

Deionized/Organopure Conductivity check WeeklyWater Ion-exchange bed changed Weekly

_____________ ~~Replace filters As needed

Vacuum Pumps and Air Check performance WeeklyCompressor Lubrication, belts, etc. As needed

Water Baths Water level Added as neededBath cleaned Semiannually

WP61,1297621.,OU345RAW.DF.TA.BLES T4-IO.1 Page 3

I ~TABLE 5-1 ESTIMATED GROUNDWATER SAMPLE AND ANALYSIS SUMMARYAnalyticalI ~~~Parameter Method Well Samples Field Duplicates Field Blanks

VOCs (OC) EPA 8010 9 1 1

) ~~BTEX EPA 8020 15 2 2

VOCs (GC/MS) EPA 8260 9 1

I ~~PesticideslPCBs EPA 8080 5 1

ICP metals EPA 6010 9 1

Arsenic EPA 7060 9 1 1

Lead EPA 7421 15 2 2

Notes: Sample numbers are approximate and will be evaluated annually under the SitewideMonitoring Program.

I~ ~~W6129.1U35A .ALST-.

-n

Table 5-2: Control Limits for Groundwater ParametersI- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

'4 ~~~~~~Parameter Control Limits for Well Purging

Ml pH ± 10%j

Conductivity ± 10%

Dissolved Oxygen ± 10%

Turbidity ± 10%

j ITemperature ± 10%

rl ~eH ± 10%

* ~~3.2 PURGEWATER SAMTLLNG:

AZl purgewater which is botch sampled and processed by the MWTS should be sampled

forthe followin g:

¶rinu Field Seasun

V ~~~~~Tnluent Tank Fffit'ctTank

'BTEX . EPA Method 602 'ThX EPA Method 602TPH EPA Method 41S.I TPH E1A Method 41S.lIRON EPA Method 2100.7 or 6010

lnflutentTank Eftinent 1an

BT7hX F.PA Mveth~od 602 ST= EPA Method 602TPH EPA Method 602 TPH EPA Method 41S.1

K ~~~~Water with known or suspect metals or solvent constituents - Will be sampled ±br thcscconztitutcnts in-the influent and effluent mak by appnopriata EPA Method

Discharge of k-nown or suspect mctad/solvcnt water have to mieet the Statc of Alaskasubstantive reqniremerics for those constituents,

I ~~~Total Petruleurm Hydrocarbons RHP) is a year-end accountable itcmn :u HQ PACAFCFVR and recr~rds will be kept to show the amoutms of product processed, initial andfinal TPI I concentrudions. treatmont and naintenance costs.

323 GlALN ULAR ACTIVATED CARBON TESTlNGIIMMUNOASSAY TESTING

Granular Activatcd Carbon (GAG) will be tested with an inmaiunoassav kit to dcttanineBTEX asid rTr (PAH) insirczani concentrations every 5, 000 galloos or mvru frequentlyas necessary tn -eliminate premature breakcthrough Ideally we would like to preventcarbon breakthrough to avoid crctuing. a CERCLA haazdous waste If suspected carbonbreakiLbrough or Wezitarugh occurs, the 2MWVS opermior will i msdiatdl switch to thesecondiury in lire carbon filter and Thaish processing. The two carbon filters arc run in

f ~~~series an4dlabel-d filter Aor B. Indidate carbon chaugeout in dhebreak-through filter.Switch the original secondary filtrrrto the primary filter position and utlizc the niewly

F ~~~~installed carbon filter as the secondary systemn (bakup) filter.

4

DRAFT

Gzranulzr Aedivitd Carbon which is smspeetor has had breakthrouL:h will bo tos-trd for

The.followhng:

Full Citnrzz.rczation'TLCP EPA Method 1311

Ast pre-vio-usly rnentio'ned carbon that is a. ncn-hsz ~dous iwate may be placed on toeCentral Meat an-d Power Plant coal pile for burning with coordinulion from CEO-2 (377-I1195) and CDYR (377-3235).

Carbon changccvut will be initiated ir efflucnt or carbon. canister exceedsd .2.5 mg/Uiterrpm4

Another primary cause of carbon bre,*thrcugh is high iron Lontent louding in the cartoncanstrs Eilsn' waeristypically hhiniron whso readings xeinth

opcratdors Handbook highest chart levels. (60 rng/L). 'the Operations Handbook,indicates that in t:z prscncc of iron levels; over 6 0 zn/L, never process more than200,000 sallorm, of '.'"r before carbon chan~geout. AM!ai TCLP characterization of bothcarbon canisteni will1 indicate londing/chaag~caut frequcncy for one or both canisters.

4.0 Solid Waste

rThe cornracir'rs Tespnsihle for samnpling, analysis, and dispv~al of solid waste. Balchsampflng of similarwastics permitted wheanapproved by theOpcrab1- UnitMwmoge~r. At.at minimurm to bt uapeptd by DRMO the follovving analysis is required:

TCLP volatdles. EPA Method a240TCLP metals EPA Method 1311 (for contaminates of concern)Ignitability EI'AMethodl101O/1020

Sample results will be compared to EPA Region 10 "Cheat She-etor the ADEC cleanupmatrix, 1 8 AAC 78.315, table D to detarmie which soil material can be disposed ofansite. li the O~perble Unit Mclnagca for te site dctertnines the waste can not be spreadon site the congractor will be responsible tbr the proper olnitrzizdrumming, andzncn.&t;sting f-ste to mootDRMQ~or other disposa.ni se ncceptancc. Contractorsv will

coordinate the off base disposal of wastes with th-c Operable Unit.Manger and the RielsonHAZMAAT fticilty. If waste is not acceptiLd by JL)RMO the conznactor is reaponsible fortoe legal off bas: disposal of the w-astz on eieson' s EPA ,Nwatz idcntdficntioni number.

Drujms of drill cuttngsmay remain onsite for no more than 30 days while a'waidinggsample results. VYA2?6Operab1c Unit Manger approval large quantities of soil nity bestockpiled. on a plastic liner and covered with plnstdc on site until sniplc results are

9,7195VRAT'r

re-,ciyed. So)il _-ust niot retnailx stockpikcd fur amom Lh= 30 days. IfLh U: soil exceeds EPA

material must be disposed of tbrough DEMO0 or incineratcd..

V ~ ~~Soil that meets .AfEC Level A ,standard ~ oes notexceed EA MCLs mayebi spread

Vnsite (Ir e disposal area will be designated by the Opertale jUnit Mnnauger.

Personal prot.ctive etquipment (PPIE) wvill not be Stxd with othnT w'aste. ?PE that is not

a haamdos %waste will be double bangged in 6 mUl tr-sh bags and plarcd in tle North Star

Borough L and.Fill.

g ~~~~5.0 Points 'if Contact:

-ilic 354 CGSICS-VR (Srrviromnenti1Flight -DERA Section) 377-3235 or 377-1164 v~iU

scev as poiflts of contact for questions cuncarning CERCLA Investigative Derived

Wastes discosidon.

i

I-IiI

'I

I Appendix B

I1 Health and Safety Plan

I ,

III1

IIII

I

I ~B.1 SUMMARY OF EMERGENCY INSTRUCTIONS

Site: OUs 3,4 and 5I ~ ~~Location: Various, Eielson AFBTelephone Number: 907-388-8416

t ~~~Client Project Manager: Robin Moshieri ~~~Contractor Project Manager:

Contractor Program Director:

The following telephone numbers should be called in an emergency:

L ~~Contractor Project Manager - Office:

Home:

Contractor Program Director - Office:Home:

I ~~Hazardous Waste Operations Coordinator - Office:

4 ~~~Home:

I? ~Site Health and Safety Supervisor - Senior person onsite or project ffanager designee

[ ~~Client Project Manager -Robin Moshier Office: (907) 377-1815

Ejelson AFB Clinic (Hospital) 911D ~~Air Force Security 911Fire Department 911Ambulance 911

Fairbanks Clinic (907) 452-17611867 Airport WayFairbanks, Alaska 99701

Directions from site to Eielson AFB Clinic: Directions will be determined at each site.

* The clinic is approximately 1,000 feet from the Division-Central intersection on theright side, at 3349 Central Avenue (see Figure F.3).

B.2 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS

I . Groundwater gauging and sampling is conducted periodically at the site. It involves the followingactivities:

* removing well lids and opening the casing to the atmosphere

* gauging wells with an interface probe

J279621\01J345RAW.RAPB.WPD 1

*bailing wells with either a PVC bailer (2, 3, or 4 inch diameter), submersible pump (2or 4 inch diameter), inertial pump, or peristaltic pump

B.3 HAZARD EVALUATION

B.3.1 Chemical Hazards

Gasoline, diesel, jet fuels, and used motor oils are the petroleum products most likely to besources of subsurface petroleum hydrocarbons. Although the compositions of these fuels willvary, they can be characterized in a general manner. Typical composition of gasoline isapproximately 80 percent paraffins (alkanes), 18 percent aromatics, a few percent olefins, and theremainder saturates. Additives (e.g., ethylene dichloride, ethylene dibromide, tetraethyl lead, andtetramethyl lead) may be present in small amounts. Diesel contains paraffins and cycloparaffins inp the C8-C21 range and very low levels of aromatic hydrocarbons. Jet fuels (Jet A, Jet B, and JP4)are composed of paraffins in the C5-C20 range, less than 25 percent aromatics, and very low levelsof olefins. Used oil is difficult to characterize, because a used oil tank may receive more than just

F used motor oils. Motor oils are composed of long-chained hydrocarbons. Other compounds thatare routinely associated with used oils are chlorinated hydrocarbons, lead, cadmium, chromium,and zinc.

Although the composition of the fuels varies, the acute effects are reported to be similar for allblends. Exposure can occur by inhalation and dermal contact. Inhaled gasoline generally acts asan anesthetic and mucous membrane irritant. Intoxication, headaches, blurred vision, dizziness,and nausea are the most commonly observed symptoms of overexposure. Diesel fuel is notvolatile enough to constitute an acute inhalation hazard in unconfined spaces. It is not readilyabsorbed through intact skin, but it can penetrate abraded skin. Jet fuels have volatilitycharacteristics between gasoline and diesel but generally do not constitute an acute inhalationhazard. The effects of acute overexposure are dizziness, headache, nausea, palpitation, andpressure in the chest. Dermal contact with gasoline, diesel, or jet fuel can dry the skin, which can

lead to skin irritation, infection, and dermatitis.

The risks and hazards associated with the classes of petroleum hydrocarbons are described below.

*PARAFFINS (alkanes) include n-butane, n-hexane, isobutane, isopentane, andcyclopentane. There is no evidence that these compounds are mutagenic, teratogenic,or carcinogenic. Exposure to hexane can cause peripheral nerve damage. In general,these compounds have low human toxicity, and the potential toxicity tends to decreasewith increasing carbon chain length. Cycloparaffins are less toxic than their equivalentj ~~~~straight-chain paraffins.

*OLEFINS (alkenes) include trans-2-pentene and 2-methyl-2-butene. These compoundshave little inherent human toxicity, although effects can occur as a result of exposure to

high levels of some olefins.

J ]I279621kOU345RAWFRAPB.WPD 2

I * ~~~AROMATICS of greatest concern are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes.Benzene is a human carcinogen, but the others have not been identified as carcinogens.Effects of the aromatics include renal failure, liver damage, central nervous system

ii ~~~damage, and respiratory tract damage. Benzene and other aromatics can be absorbedthrough the respiratory tract and the skin, so both inhalation and dermal contact are

routes of concern for exposure.

Of the chemicals potentially contained in a used oil, tetrachloroethene (perchloroethene, PCE),trichloroethene (trichloroethylene, TCE), cadmium, chromium, and lead are probably the oneshaving significant health effects that are most likely to be encountered. Except for lead, all thesecompounds are human carcinogens or suspected carcinogens. The degradation of TCE and PCEin the environment may create vinyl chloride, a potent human carcinogen. Signs of acuteoverexposure to PCE, TCE, and vinyl chloride include jaundice; headache; irritation of the eyes,nose, and throat; nausea; flushing of the face and neck; visual distortion; vomiting; cardiacD ~arrhythmia; weakness; abdominal pain; and dizziness. Both inhalation and dermal contact areroutes of exposure of concern.

t ~~Overexposure to lead can result in central nervous system damage, kidney and blood damage, andother effects. The signs of overexposure to inorganic lead are lassitude, insomnia, abdominalpain, and constipation. Inhalation is the major route of exposure.

The signs of overexposure to cadmium are chest pain and tightness, headache, muscle aches,nausea, diarrhea, coughing, chills, and difficulty in breathing. Inhalation is the major route of

exposure.

The signs of overexposure to chromium are respiratory irritation and skin irritation. Both dermalcontact and inhalation are routes of exposure of concern.

Exposure to dilute sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid may occur particularly during remediationsystem maintenance operations such as groundwater pump and activated carbon cleaning. Bothacids are strong corrosives that cause eye, skin, mucous membrane, and respiratory tract irritationupon contact. Symptom of overexposure to dilute concentrations of these acids include burningon the contacted area, dermatitis, and inflammation of upper respiratory tract; prolong inhalationof sulfuric acid mist can lead to chronic bronchitis and other respiratory ailments.

B.3.2 Flammability and Explosion Hazards

Flammability is a primary hazard associated with petroleum hydrocarbons. The lower explosivelimits (LELs) of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel are 1.4 percent (14,000 ppm), 0.9 percentf(9,000 ppm), and 0.6-1.3 percent (6,000-13,000 ppm), respectively.

B.3.3 Traffic Hazards

Traffic presents a hazard to personnel involved in conducting field investigations. Both injury anddestruction of equipment can be caused by a traffic accident.

J 127962I1\OU345RAW.F\APB.WPD 3

B.3.4 Noise Hazards

V Well development sampling with submersible pumps that require the use of portable generatorscan create high levels of noise. Remediation systems with air compressors, blowers, andIC engines can also generate high levels of noise. Exposure to high levels of noise can vary from

h discomfort to permanent ringing in the ears and hearing loss. Ear plugs can be used to minimizethese exposures.

B.3.5 Equipment Hazards

Do not attempt to make electrical related repairs until you have been trained or authorized to doLso. Well development and sampling may require the use of heavy, bulky gasoline-powered

portable generators and submersible pumps with extended electrical cords. Electrical equipment,especially the wiring on submersible pumps, should be inspected for cracks, loose connections,and other types of dysfunction that might create a hazard. Proper carrying and lifting techniquesshould be employed whenever lifting or moving the heavy equipment.

13 When utilizing air compressors and blowers, the fluid lines in a remediation system can sustainhigh pressures. The system may also generate high levels of heat due to the use of IC engines andother vapor oxidizers. Care must be exercised when disconnecting fluid hoses to ensure that they

Jare not under pressure. In the same vain, exercise caution when working around generators, ICengines and other oxidizers - they may be hot. Avoid wearing loose clothing, jewelry, and relateditems around operating generators, or within a remediation housing, as they may be caught inmoving parts.

B.3.6 Weather and Temperature Hazards

Gauging and monitoring are conducted outdoors throughout the year.. The field team may workduring temperatures that can result in heat stress or hypothermia. Sunburn and dehydration areother potential hazards related to outdoor work. Work may also occur during rain and snow,both of which can contribute to hypothermia and discomfort.

First Aid - If a worker shows signs of heat exhaustion, they should rest in a cool (but

not cold) location, with feet elevated, If the person is conscious, give ½/

glass of water every 15 minutes, as tolerated.

The signs of heat stress and heat exhaustion are pale, clammy skin; profuse perspiration; extremetiredness or weakness; and cramps of the limbs and/or abdominal muscles, If heat stress isignored, it can progress to heat stroke, a life-threatening condition. Heat stroke is characterizedby red or flushed skin, hot, dry skin, lack of perspiration, dizziness, headache, nausea, rapid pulse,

and unconsciousness.

First Aid - When heat stroke is suspected, the person's temperature should be cooledas quickly as possible by wetting down clothes or covering them with moistsheets or towels. TREAT FOR SHOCK AND GET HELP. Do not giveanything by mouth.

J 1279621\OU345RAW F\APB.WPD 4

I Hypothermia, a life-threatening condition, can occur when the air temperature is low, when highwinds create a substantial wind chill, and during wet weather. The signs of hypothermia aresleepiness, numbness, failing eyesight, lack of coordinated movement, staggering, andunconsciousness.

First Aid - Exposure to cold temperatures should be immediately terminated for anyi ~~~~~~~worker who has severe shivering. When entering a heated shelter, the

outer layer of clothing should be removed and the remainder of the clothingI ~~~~~~~loosened to permit sweat evaporation, or a change of dry work clothingshould be provided. The body should be slowly warned, If the person is

1 ~~~~~~~fully conscious, they should be given wanm non-alcoholic drinks.

B.3.7 Biological Hazards

Ii Animals such as bears, foxes, and moose may be seen on the site. These animals may bedangerous and should be avoided. Air Force Security should be called during animal incidents.

£ Mosquitoes and other insects may be a problem; repellant is suggested.

I B.4 EXPOSURE LIMITS AND WARNINGS

Benzene and other chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm (asidentified under California Proposition 65) may be found in and around the facilities where a soilboring or monitoring well is installed. Adherence to the safety and health procedures addressedhere and to standard safety practices is required and will minimize the potential for exposure tothese chemicals.

The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established aThreshold Limit Value (TLV) for gasoline of 300 ppm. (A TLV is a time-weighted averageconcentration for a normal 8-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek, to which nearly all workersmay be exposed day after day without adverse effects.) Furthermore, ACGTH recommends thatan airborne concentration of 500 ppm gasoline not be exceeded for even short periods of time(i.e., 15 minutes). The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) has not establisheda Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) for either gasoline or other petroleum fuels.

OSHA has set the PEL for benzene at 1 ppm. Other applicable PELs are: 200 ppm toluene,100 ppm xylenes, 100 ppm ethylbenzene, and 500 ppm hexane. The PEL for nuisance dust is 10mglm3 .

Exposure can be compared to chemical-specific limits with Draeger-tube analyses of air in thebreathing zone. The breathing zone is the area from approximately 1 foot above to 1 foot belowthe nose.

127962 1 \01345 RAW.F\APB.WPD 5

B.5 SAFETY MEASURES AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

- P B.5.1 Toxic Volatile Gas Monitoring

At the beginning of the day and approximately every 30 minutes, or as required, the site safetyand health supervisor will measure the total volatile hydrocarbon (TVH) concentration in thebreathing zone. (The breathing zone is from approximately 1 foot above to 1 foot below the levelof the nose.) The monitoring results will be recorded in the field notes. If the TVH levelincreases above background, the monitoring frequency should be increased, If this analysisindicates levels approaching the Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL), the site safety and health

- , ~supervisor must make a decision either to increase the level of personnel protective equipment andfrequency of monitoring or to discontinue field investigation.

WORK MUST CEASE AND ALL PERSONNEL SHOULD WITHDRAW FROM THE AREAIF BREATHING ZONE CONCENTRATIONS OF CHEMICALS EXCEED THEPERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMITS.

b Air purifying respirators must be worn or engineering controls must be instituted to lowerconcentrations for work to continue.

II The calibration of the instrument will be checked at the beginning of each day of use, Ifappropriate, the power source of the instrument will be checked the day before use.

P B.5.2 Flammability and Explosion Hazards

The concentration of TVH must be measured in the breathing zone around vadose or monitoringD wells with a PID or FID or Trace Techtor monitor at regular intervals. Results will be recordedin the field notes. If the TVH level is below 10 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL), theoperation may continue.

If the TVH concentration is between 10 percent and 25 percent of the LEL (1,400 to 3,500 ppmfor gasoline), work may continue with caution and increased monitoring.

I IF THE CONCENTRATION OF TVH EXCEEDS 25 percent OF THE LEL (3,500 ppm forgasoline), WORK MUST CEASE AND ALL PERSONNEL MUST WITHDRAW FROM THEAREA.

B.5.3 Traffic Hazards

I Barriers must be used to demarcate the work zone. Standard traffic cones are generally notadequate due to their low vertical profile. The taller, 28-inch-high cones should be used.Optionally, warning flags and barricade tape can be used with the cones. If monitoring or vadosewells are open during non-working hours, they must be adequately decked or barricaded.

I 1279621\OU345RAW.F\APB WPD 6

*1 ~In high-traffic areas, safety pennants and plastic or steel "A" frame-type barricades may be used.When working in streets adjacent to a site, traffic vests should be worn to increase visibility to

Idrivers.B.54 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Initially, Level D protective equipment and clothing should be used:

* cotton/polyester coveralls or tyvek suit* nitrile or solvex gloves (if working with contaminated liquid or soil)* steel-toed shoes0 hard hats (when heavy equipment is present)* hearing protection (either ear plugs or ear muffs) (optional)

* 0~~~~ safety glasses or face shield

If the concentration of total organic vapor increases in the breathing zone to greater than 10 ppm* f ~total volatile hydrocarbons or above a chemical-specific TLV, the PPE should be raised tomodified Level C. The additional equipment needed includes:

* air-purifying respirators with combination organic vapor and high efficiency particleI ~ ~~~filter (HEPA) (the respirator must be fitted to the user prior to field work)

* saran-covered tyvek coveralls and boot covers (when exposure to contaminated liquid* ~~~~~or soil is likely)

B.5.5 Other Safety Equipment Materials

The safety equipment and materials that must be present on the site are:

* ABC-type fire extinguisher* eye wash kit* first aid kit* drinking water

Personnel must be trained in the proper use of equipment.

B.5.6 Decontamination

Contaminated PPE will be placed in appropriate containers for disposal. Nondisposable PPE willbe washed with Alconox detergent and rinsed with distilled water. All monitoring equipment will

be cleaned according to instrument instructions.

] 279621\OU345RAW RAPB WPD 7

B.5.7 Work Zone

The exclusion and support zones will be demarcated with tall orange traffic cones or otherFsuitable warning and will be made large enough to enclose the active working crew and all field

equipment.

B.5.8 Training

j Site personnel should have completed a 40-hour hazardous waste operations training course,including CPR and first aid. Training for respirator use and maintenance needs to be completedprior to field work.

B.6 SAFE WORK PRACTICES

The following is a summary of the work practices that are to be followed during work:

* Smoking, eating, drinking, and chewing either tobacco or gum are prohibited in theI ~ ~~~exclusion zone.

* Prior to initiating work at the site, the site safety and health supervisor must identify theI ~ ~~~~nearest sanitation facility.

0 Potential ignition sources must be minimized.

* EA and subcontractor vehicles must not be parked in locations that block fire hydrants,access to emergency equipment, or exits from buildings.

* Site personnel must wash hands and face before leaving the site, If drinking water isnot available at the site, potable water must be provided.

* Prescription drugs must not be taken unless specifically approved by a physician whoJ ~~~~understands the nature of the work exposure.

* First-aid treatment will be administered by trained personnel.

* When respirators are required, facial hair that interferes with the face-to-facepiece fitJ ~~~~will not be allowed.

* Contact lenses are not permitted.

I ~~~0 Loose clothing, including dangling hoods, belts, and cords, may not be worn within theexclusion zone.

I *~~~ During hot or cold weather, regular rest breaks should be taken to avoid temperature-related stress. Nonalcoholic beverages should be taken to avoid dehydration.

I j ~1279621\OU345RAW.F\APB.WPD 8

0

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0

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1;

rlb

j ~~~~~~Appendix Cfi'I Base Support Letter

I

iI

DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE F LPACIFIC AIR FORCES

MAY 2 1 199'

MEMORANDUM FOR AFCEE/ERDI ~ ~~~~~ATTENTION: SAIMER KARIMIP0 Box 270Elmendorf AFB AK 99506-4420

FROM: 354 CES/CC2258 Central Ave Ste 100Eielson AFB AK 99702-2299

SUBJECT: Base Support Agreement

I. In support of the Installation Restoration Program (IR.P) effort to be conducted atEielson AFB, Eielson agrees to provide or arrange for the following:

a. Provide access to any available existing RI/FS documentation, engineering plans,drawings, diagrams, aerial photographs, digitized map files, etc.

b. Provide office symbols and points of contact for all required paperwork.

c. Personnel identification badges, vehicle passes, and/or entry permits within onejj ~week of written notification. The contractor shall provide the names, social securitynumbers, vehicle registration information, and citizenship.

d. A stagging area (approximately 5,000 square feet) for storing equipment andsupplies. See, the attached drawing for the stagin~g area location. A four foot chain linkfence (temporary or permanent) will be installed around the ~quipment staging area. TheI ~ ~area will be returned to it's original configuration upon demobilization (the fence may beleft in place in good repair). The fencing and security of the equipment shall be thecontractor's responsibility.

e. A supply (e.g., tire hydrant, stand pipe. etc.) of large quantities of potable water forequipment cleaning, etc. Use of fire hydrant will be coordinated by base POC within tenworking days of written notification of' first day of anticipated use.

f. The staging area includes a paved area where drilling equipment can be cleaned anddecontaminated. The contractor will be responsible for hauling water and providin2electrical power. Drainage is to a lowv spot w~ithini the paved area. The contractor will beIresponsible for removal and disposal of alt decontamination water and sedimentassociated with decontamination procedures. Disposal wo the sanitary sewer must beJ hrougah an oil/water separator provided and maintained by the contractor.

STAGING COORDINATION lA ae SuPPOrt Agremn354 CES/CECC 8 Feb 96 S T-9 6-2 A

w4o-pof-c ~x.b.,

ASBESTOSDISPOSALAREA

-ii~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~L

.......... q . . ........ ---- s'ingg-re

FAMILY~~~~~~~~~~~~~~14

---- ------- CA ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . '

SCL:1' 600'

U~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

PLANNE'S COMMENTS:

Location approved for staging, area as indicated above. The Installation Restoration Program(IR-P) Base Support Agreement requires the base identify a staging area for the contractor's use.fThe site illustrated above wvill act as the staging area and will also allow access to a pav edlpositively-sloped area for decontamination of vehicles associated with the contract.

DAVID KASELAK, CAPT, USAF DATEBASE COMPREHENSIVE PLANNER