HUMAN BLOOD HUMAN BLOOD

R.B.CR.B.C

Red blood cellsRed blood cells contain contain a special protein a special protein called called hemoglobinhemoglobin, , which contains iron and which contains iron and carries thecarries the oxygenoxygen to to the bodythe body

Hemoglobin alsoHemoglobin also makes red blood cells makes red blood cells redred. .

We have so many red We have so many red cells that our blood itself cells that our blood itself appears red, even though appears red, even though it contains more than red it contains more than red blood cells. blood cells.

Inheritance of Blood Types

Discovery of Blood Typing

• First to discover blood types (1900)Dr. Karl Landsteiner

• Observed blood transfusions: the transfer of blood from one to another.

• Noticed that the blood of the donor would clump/clot with that of the patient (Agglutination)

The Four Classic Blood Types

____ ____ ____ ____ A B AB OThe difference in blood types is caused by

different proteins found of the surface of the red blood cells known as Antigen A and

Antigen B.

The Four Classic Blood Types

_________:substance that can trigger the production of antibodies.

Antigen

_____________:proteins produced by the immune system that destroy foreign substances (such as

antigens).

Antibodies

Blood Types

Blood Types:

Antigen(s) on RBC

Antibodies produced

Can donate blood to:

Can receive blood from:

Genotypes:

A IAiA A

ALL

B B IBIBB

IAIA

IBi

AB

AB ALL

AB

AB

IAIBO

O

O

iiO

Antigen B

Antigens A&B

Antigen A

Neither

Anti B

Anti A

NONE

Anti A&B

Rh Factor in Blood

•The Rh factor is another protein factor on the Red Blood Cells

•The term Rh comes from the type of monkeys used to test for this factor

originally, Rhesus Monkeys

Rh Factor Statistics

•85% of people have Rh present on their red blood cells. Their blood is referred to as _____

and they can receive ___________ blood.

•15% of people DO NOT have Rh present on their red blood cells. Their blood is referred to as ______ and they can receive ____________.

Rh+

Rh-

+ and -

only -

•Universal blood donor (used by all)_____.•Universal blood recipient (can receive all

types)____.

O-AB+

Rh Factor and Pregnancy

Rh (-) Mother X Rh(+) Father

1st Rh (+) Baby

2nd Rh (+) Baby

Rh Factor and Pregnancy

World Map of the A Allele

World Map of the B Allele

World Map of the O Allele Blood Type