BLOOD

Components of Blood• Whole blood

– Red Blood Cells: Transport O2 to cells

– White Blood Cells: Fight pathogens

– Platelets: aid in clotting

• Plasma– 90% water (solvent)– Solutes: Amino acids,

glucose, hormones, vitamins, salts, waste, antibodies

• Antigens:– Proteins that help

identify cells as foreign or natural

– Found on surface of RBCs• Help to determine

your blood type– Analogy:

Antigens are like jerseys

• Antibodies:– Float freely in

plasma – Attack anything

with foreign antigens

ABO Blood Groups

Group A blood

• RBC’s have the A antigens on their surface• B antibodies in your plasma

– only attack invaders with B antigens

What would happen if a virus with B antigens entered your blood?Your B antibodies will attack and kill this virus.

B

antibody

B

antibody

B

antibody

B

antibody

Vein

Key Point:

Antibodies attack antigens

Group A blood

• RBC’s have the A antigens on their surface• B antibodies in your plasma

– only attack invaders with B antigens

What would happen if you gave this person type B blood?Your B antibodies will attack, and cause clots to form. This person will die.

B

antibody

B

antibody

B

antibody

B

antibody

Vein

Key Point:

Antibodies attack antigens

Group B blood

• RBC’s have B antigens on their surface• A antibodies in your plasma

– only attack invaders with A antigens

What would happen if a virus with A antigens invaded your blood?The A antibodies would attack and kill the virus.

A

antibody

A

antibody

A

antibody

A

antibody

Vein

Key Point:

Antibodies attack antigens

Group B blood

• RBC’s have B antigens on their surface• A antibodies in your plasma

– only attack invaders with A antigens

What would happen if this person was given type A blood during a transfusion?

Their A antibodies would attack the donated blood, causing blood clots. This person would die.

A

antibody

A

antibody

A

antibody

A

antibody

Vein

Key Point:

Antibodies attack antigens

Group AB blood

• RBC’s have both A & B antigens on their surface

• Neither A nor B antibodies in your plasma

What would happen if this person was invaded by the viruses below?They do not have antibodies to attack these viruses.

Vein

Can you predict the antibodies they will have?

Group AB blood

• RBC’s have both A & B antigens on their surface

• Neither A nor B antibodies in your plasma

What would happen if you gave this person type A blood?

Nothing bad would happen. They have no antibodies to attack this blood.

What would happen if you gave this person type B blood?

Nothing bad would happen. They have no antibodies to attack this blood.

Vein

Group O blood

• Neither A nor B antigens on the surface of your RBCs• Both A & B antibodies in your plasma

– will attack invaders with A or B antigensB

antibody

B

antibody

What would happen if this person was invaded by the viruses below?The antibodies would attack and kill the viruses.

A

antibody

A

antibody

Can you predict the antibodies they will have?

Vein

Key Point:

Antibodies attack antigens

Group O blood

• Neither A nor B antigens on the surface of your RBCs• Both A & B antibodies in your plasma

– will attack invaders with A or B antigensB

antibody

B

antibody

What would happen if you gave this person type A blood?

The A antibodies will attack, causing blood clots. This person will die.

A

antibody

A

antibody

Vein

Key Point:

Antibodies attack antigens

Group O blood

• Neither A nor B antigens on the surface of your RBCs• Both A & B antibodies in your plasma

– will attack invaders with A or B antigens

What would happen if you gave this person type B blood?

The B antibodies will attack, causing blood clots. This person will die.

A

antibody

A

antibody

B

antibody

B

antibody

Vein

Key Point:

Antibodies attack antigens

Group O blood

• Neither A nor B antigens on the surface of your RBCs• Both A & B antibodies in your plasma

– will attack invaders with A or B antigens

What would happen if you gave this person type AB blood?Both the A and B antibodies will attack, causing blood clots. This person will die.

A

antibody

A

antibody

B

antibody

B

antibody

Vein

Key Point:

Antibodies attack antigens

If you have type A blood, can you receive:

Type A blood?

Type B blood?

Type AB blood?

Type O blood?

B antibodies will attack any blood with B antigens.

No

Yes

No

Yes

Quick Questions

If you have type B blood, can you receive:

Type B blood?

Type A blood?

Type AB blood?

Type O blood?

A antibodies will attack any blood with A antigens.

Yes

No

No

Yes

If you have type AB blood, can you receive:

Type AB blood?

Type A blood?

Type B blood?

Type O blood?

They have neither A nor B antibodies.

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

If you have type O blood, can you receive:

Type O blood?

Type A blood?

Type B blood?

Type AB blood?

A antibodies will attack any blood with A antigens.B antibodies will attack any blood with B antigens.

No

No

No

Yes

Rh Factors• If Rh+

– Cells contain the Rh antigen (jersey)

– Blood contains Rh antibody

– Can receive Rh+ or Rh- blood

• If Rh-– Cells lack the Rh

antigen, but…– Blood contains Rh

antibody– Only receive Rh-

blood

Blood type B+

Which antigens does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Which antibodies does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Practice problem

Blood type AB+

Which antigens does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Which antibodies does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Practice problem

Blood type O+

Which antigens does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Which antibodies does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Practice problem

Blood type AB-

Which antigens does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Which antibodies does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Practice problem

Blood type O-

Which antigens does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Which antibodies does this person have?

A

B

Rh

Practice problem

Scenario OneFrancis was just in a bad accident and lost a lot of blood.

He is blood type B+. Can you help save him?

Blood type B+

Antigens: Which does he have?

A

B

Rh

Antibodies: Which does he have?

A

B

Rh

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

No.

Can he receive B+ blood?

Yes.

A antibody

A antibody

A antibody

Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given B+ blood in a transfusion…

Vein

Key Point:

A antibodies only attack A antigens

Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given B- blood in a transfusion…

A antibody

A antibody

A antibody

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

No.

Can he receive B- blood?

Yes.

Vein

Key Point:

A antibodies only attack A antigens

Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given A+ blood in a transfusion…

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes.

Can he receive A+ blood?

No.

A antibody

A antibody

A antibody

Vein

Agglutination: clumping of the

blood

Key Point:

A antibodies only attack A antigens

Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given A- blood in a transfusion…

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes.

Can he receive A- blood?

No.

A antibody

A antibody

A antibody

Vein

Agglutination: clumping of the

blood

Key Point:

A antibodies only attack A antigens

Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given AB+ blood in a transfusion…

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes.

Can he receive AB+ blood?

No.

A antibody

A antibody

A antibody

Vein

Agglutination: clumping of the

blood

Key Point:

A antibodies only attack A antigens

Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given AB- blood in a transfusion…

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes.

Can he receive AB- blood?

No.

A antibody

A antibody

A antibody

Vein

Agglutination: clumping of the

blood

Key Point:

A antibodies only attack A antigens

Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given O+ blood in a transfusion…

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

No.

Can he receive O+ blood?

Yes.

A antibody

A antibody

A antibody

Key Point:

A antibodies only attack A antigens

Vein

Francis has B+ blood type because of the B and Rh antigens. If he is given O- blood in a transfusion…

A antibody

A antibody

A antibody

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

No.

Can he receive O- blood?

Yes.

Vein

Key Point:

A antibodies only attack A antigens

Scenario TwoSebastian was just involved in an accident at work and

lost a lot of blood. He is blood type A-. Can you help save him?

Blood type A-

Antigens: Which does he have?

A

B

Rh

Antibodies: Which does he have?

A

B

Rh

Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given A- blood in a transfusion…

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

No.

Can he receive A- blood?

Yes.

B antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

Key Point:

B antibodies attack B antigens

Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens

Vein

Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given A+ blood in a transfusion…

B antibody

B antibody

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes. But only the Rh antibodies will attack.

Can he receive A+ blood?

No.

B antibody

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

Vein

Key Point:

B antibodies attack B antigens

Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens

Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given B- blood in a transfusion…

Rh antibody

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes. But only the B antibodies will attack.

Can he receive B- blood?

No.

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

B antibody

B antibody

Vein

Key Point:

B antibodies attack B antigens

Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens

Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given B+ blood in a transfusion…

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes.

Can he receive B+ blood?

No.

B antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

Key Point:

B antibodies attack B antigens

Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens

Vein

Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given AB- blood in a transfusion…

Rh antibody

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes. But only the B antibodies attack.

Can he receive AB- blood?

No.

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

B antibody

B antibody

Key Point:

B antibodies attack B antigens

Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens

Vein

Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given AB+ blood in a transfusion…

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes.

Can he receive AB+ blood?

No.

B antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

Key Point:

B antibodies attack B antigens

Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens

Vein

Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given O+ blood in a transfusion…

B antibody

B antibody

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

Yes. But only the Rh antibodies will attack.

Can he receive O+ blood?

No.

B antibody

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

Key Point:

B antibodies attack B antigens

Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens

Vein

Sebastian has A- blood type because of the A antigen. If he is given O- blood in a transfusion…

B antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

Will his antibodies attack this blood?

No. His A antibodies only attack A antigens.

Can he receive O- blood?

Yes.

Rh antibody

Rh antibody

B antibody

Key Point:

B antibodies attack B antigens

Rh antibodies attack Rh antigens

Vein

1) Can this work?

• Acceptor

O-

• Donor

AB-

No! The acceptor has A & Bantibodies. Their antibodies would attack the A & B antigensof the donated blood.

Practice problem

2) Can this work?

• Acceptor

A+

• Donor

A-

Yes! The acceptor only hasRh antibodies. Since the donatedblood has no Rh antigens, this is safe.

Practice problem

3) Can this work?

• Acceptor

AB-

• Donor

B-

Yes! The acceptor has the Rhantibodies. There are no Rh antigenson the donated blood.

Review1) What are the components found inside blood?

2) What are the ingredients of plasma?

3) What is the purpose/function of RBCs?

4) Which part of blood stop bleeding when cut?

5) What do antibodies bind with?

6) If a person has type AB-, which antigens do they possess? Which antibodies?

7) If a person has type O+, which antigens do they possess? Which antibodies?

8) If a person is type A-, list all the blood types this person can receive in a transfusion.

9) If a person is type O-, list all the blood types this person can receive in a transfusion.