hsdpa principles [compatibility mode]

HSDPA Principles Seminarp

Corrado Carbone - RO/QoS South

Agenda

1 O i1 O i1 O i1 O i

2. Architecture2. Architecture2. Architecture2. Architecture

1. Overview1. Overview1. Overview1. Overview

3. Channel Structure3. Channel Structure3. Channel Structure3. Channel Structure

4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles

5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles

6 C it M t6 C it M t6 C it M t6 C it M t6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management

7. KPIs7. KPIs7. KPIs7. KPIs

2

Outline

• Let’s get used with the main concepts of the HSDPA.

• HSDPA introduces new technologies in the UMTS world and consequently a new way to manage PS traffica new way to manage PS traffic.

• The most important impacts of it are on:– Modulation– Retransmission schemes– Scheduling– Usage of Power and Codeg

• This presentation reports an overview of the main issues to take in mind.

3

HSDPA Basic Principles

4

1 - Shared Channel Transmission (1/2)

• Shared-channel transmission implies that a certain amount of radio resources of a cell ( d d ) i th t i d i ll h d b t(codes and power) is seen as a common resource that is dynamically shared between users.– The idea is that a part of the total downlink code resource is dynamically shared between a set

of packet-data users, primarily in the time domain. p , p y– The codes are allocated to a user only when they are actually to be used for transmission,

leading to efficient code and power utilization.

• For P4 only 5 codes (SF = 16) will be available for the HSDPA feature and they will be y ( ) yshared on a time base.

SF 2

SF=1

Channelization codes allocatedfor HS-DSCH transmission

5 codes (example)SF=16

SF=8

SF=4

SF=2

TTI

Shared channelization

codes

5User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4

1 - Shared Channel Transmission (2/2)

Th Sh d h l i i ll• The Shared-channel transmission allows:– Higher peak bit rate: all the resource can be allocated to a single user in case of low

load.– Better application performance being closer to the model TCP has being designed

for.– More efficient utilization of available code resources compared to the use of a

dedicated channel, i.e. reduced risk for code-limited downlink.

• The Shared-channel transmission impacts:The Shared channel transmission impacts:– Scheduling become more complex

6

2 - Short 2 ms TTI (1/2)

Th T i i Ti I t l b t l h t i HSDPA 22 ms

• The Transmission Time Interval becomes extremely short in HSDPA; 2 ms compared to the 10 ms used by R99 high bit rate radio bearer.

• The HS channels are organised in sub-frame of 3 slots each; this means that the slot time 2/3 ms/slot is the same as for R99 slots (10/15 ms/slot).

• The scheduling and the link adaptation algorithms work at this frequency!

2 msRel 5 (HS-DSCH)

10 ms20 ms40 ms80 ms

Earlier releases

7

2 - Short 2 ms TTI (2/2)

• The shorter TTI allows: 2 ms• The shorter TTI allows:– Reduced air-interface delay: this is required by the the TCP at high data

rates to Improved end-user performance

• The shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other HSDPA features:The shorter TTI is necessary to benefit from other HSDPA features:– Fast Link Adaptation– Fast hybrid ARQ with soft combining

F t Ch l d d t S h d li– Fast Channel-dependent Scheduling

8

3 - HSDPA – Power Allocation

• HS-DSCH allocated power is decided by the RNC, prioritizing the DCH channel

• HS-DSCH adjusts the data rate to match the instantaneous radio conditions and the il bl t i i i th RBSavailable transmission power in the RBS

– No closed loop power control is specified for HS-DSCH, unlike the DCH channel

• The system adjusts the data rate byvarying the effective code rate– varying the effective code rate

– changing the modulation scheme

• This leads to a higher efficiency in the usage of power.P P

Unused power

Power

HS-DSCH (rate controlled)r

Power

r

3GPP Release 99 3GPP Release 5

HS DSCH (rate controlled)

al c

ell p

owe

al c

ell p

ower

Dedicated channels (power controlled)

Common channels

Power usage with dedicated channels t t

Dedicated channels (power controlled)

Common channels

Tota

Tota

9

Power usage with dedicated channels channels

tHS-DSCH with dynamic power allocation

t

4 - Fast Link Adaptation (1/3)

• The target for the link adaptation is to select a TFRC (Transport Format andThe target for the link adaptation is to select a TFRC (Transport Format and Resource Combination) resulting in transmitting an as large transport block as possible with a reasonable error probability.

Li k

Channel ConditionCoding

BitBitLinkAdaptation

Available Power Modulation

TFC

Bit Bit RateRate

UE category TFCUE category

Traffic (buffers state)

10

( )


• Adjust transmission parameters to match instantaneous channel conditionsj p

• HSDPA: Adapt on 2 ms TTI basis the Rate (“constant” power)– Adaptive coding

Ad ti d l ti (QPSK 16QAM)– Adaptive modulation (QPSK or 16QAM)

• Link adaptation is implemented by allowing the MAC-hs to set the TFRC(Transport Format and Resource Combination) independently for each 2 ms HS DSCH TTIHS-DSCH TTI

High data ratefeedback

Low data rate

11


• In order to estimate current channel conditions, an estimate of the Channel Quality is reported by the UE to RBS (CQI).

• Based on the channel conditions and the available power the network will• Based on the channel conditions and the available power, the network will select the Transport Format to have the maximum throughput achievable

High data ratefeedback

Low data rate

12

5 - Fast Channel-dependent Scheduling (1/2)

• Scheduling = which UE to transmit to at a given time• Scheduling = which UE to transmit to at a given time instant

User1 User2 User3 User4time2 ms 2 ms

• There is a main tradeoff to choose between:fairness vs.vs. cell throughput

Every user has the The user with better same “rights to

access the resource”radio condition transmit more

13

5 - Fast Channel-dependent Scheduling (1/2)

• 2 opposite strategies are:– Round Robin: radio resources are allocated to communication links on a sequential

basis.– Proportional Fair: transmit at fading peaks. This may lead to large variations in data rate

between users.

high data rateScheduled ser

low data rate

User 1

user

Time#2#1 #2 #2#1 #1 #1

User 2

14

6 - Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining (1/2)

HSDPA i t d t i i l l “ d ” th RLC h i th• HSDPA introduces a new retransmission level “under” the RLC scheme in the RNC.

• This new “level” allows rapid retransmissions of erroneous data:p– Hybrid ARQ protocol terminated in RBS⇒ short RTT (typical example: 12 ms)

– Soft combining in UE of multiple transmission attemptsd d t f t i i⇒ reduced error rates for retransmissions

P1,1 P1,2 P2,1 P2,2 P3,1

Transmitter

P1,1

P1,2

P2,1

P2,2

P1,1 P2,1 P3,1+ +

15

Receiver

6 - Fast Hybrid ARQ with Soft Combining (2/2)

• A fundamental difference between conventional ARQ (used in RLC) and HARQ i th tHARQ is that:– in the latter case received data blocks that cannot be correctly decoded are not

discarded but buffered They are soft combined with later received retransmissions of the same set of– They are soft combined with later received retransmissions of the same set of information bits.

– Finally, decoding is applied to the combined signal.

16

7 - UE capabilities

• The UE capabilities are divided into a number of parameters:– Total RLC AM and MAC-hs buffer size– Maximum number of HS-DSCH transport channel bits received within a HS-DSCH

TTIS t f HS PDSCH Y /N– Support of HS-PDSCH Yes/No

– Maximum number of HS-DSCH codes received– Total number of soft channel bits in HS-DSCH– Minimum inter-TTI interval in HS-DSCH– Supporting 16QAM

• These physical layer UE capabilities can be translated in a limit on theThese physical layer UE capabilities can be translated in a limit on the requirements for 3 different UE resources: – the de-spreading resource (codes decoded in parallel)– the soft buffer memory used by the hybrid ARQ functionalityy y y y– the turbo decoding speed (the maximum number of transport channel bits received

within an HS-DSCH TTI and the minimum inter-TTI interval).

17

Throughput level: UE type cat 12• There are several levels for throughput calculation: let’s clarify!

• The biggest MAC-HS transport block size is 3440 including HS header and padding bits:

X 10 = + + = 3440 bitsRLC SDU = 320

RLChead = 16

MAC- HS SDU head = 3360

MAC- HS head = 21

Padding bits = 59

That means the DSCH max scheduled bit rate could be 1720 kb/s:That is including headers, padding and every type of retransmission

This is the level used by the RBS counters and Couei!

This corresponds to a max RAB bit rate of 1600 kb/s =320*10/2

In reality considering at least the HS retransmissions at this level the maximum bit rate could not be higher

than 1600*0.9 =1440 bit/s

18

Agenda









19

Protocol stacks (1/4)

UE RBS SRNCUser Data

CNUser Data

Uu Iub Iu

FPMAC hs

RLCGTP-UUDP/IP

FP

RLCMAC GTP-U

UDP/IPMAC

PHY

AAL2ATM

MAC-hsL1

PHY PHY

AAL2ATM

AAL5ATM

PHY

AAL5ATML1

The figure shows the R99 protocol stack.g pNote in particular that MAC is a protocol between the RNC and the UE

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UE RBS SRNCUser Data

CNUser Data

Uu Iub Iu

MAC hs

HS-DSCHFP

MAC-d

MAC hs

RLCGTP-UUDP/IPHS-DSCH

FP

RLCMAC-d GTP-U

UDP/IP

PHYL1

AAL2ATM

MAC-hsMAC-hs

L1 PHY PHY

AAL2ATM

AAL5ATM

PHY

AAL5ATM

The new radio interface layer 2 functionality required by the HS-DSCH (hybrid ARQ signaling, scheduling, etc) was placed in a new functional entity of the MAC layer, called MAC-hs. The physical layer was updated with new functionalities for HS-DSCH ( ft bi i f t itt d t t bl kDSCH (soft combining of retransmitted transport blocks, new physical channels, etc.).

21


UE RBS SRNCRRC

CNRRC

Uu Iub Iu

MAC hs

HS-DSCHFP

MAC-d

MAC hs


FP

RLCMAC-d GTP-U

UDP/IP

PHYL1

AAL2ATM

MAC-hsMAC-hs

L1 PHY PHY

AAL2ATM

AAL5ATM

PHY

AAL5ATM

A new user-plane frame-handling protocol (UP FP) between the SRNC DRNC and Node B needed to be developed for the radioSRNC, DRNC and Node B needed to be developed for the radio network layer (RNL). It was based on the release 99 DSCH UP FP used over Iur.The layer 3 control-plane protocols (RRC, RNSAP and NBAP) needed to be updated with control procedures, handling HS-DSCH.

22

Protocol stacks (4/4)UE RBS SRNC

TCP/IP

CNTCP/IP

Uu Iub Iu

MAC hs

HS-DSCHFP

MAC-d

MAC hs


FP

RLCMAC-d GTP-U

UDP/IP

PHYL1

AAL2ATM

MAC-hsMAC-hs

L1 PHY PHY

AAL2ATM

AAL5ATM

PHY

AAL5ATM

Note that RLC does not have significant impactWhen the HS-DSCH transport channel is used with AM RLC it isWhen the HS-DSCH transport channel is used with AM RLC, it is expected that RLC re-transmissions will be required only in rare circumstances where the inner hybrid ARQ fails. y Q

E.g. in handover situations, the transmit and receive buffers in the MAC-hs layer may need to be re-initialized. This may cause data l hi h ld b k f b RLC i i

23

loss, which would be taken care of by RLC retransmission.

General impacts of the new architecture

• There will be impacts on the buffer capabilities– for data in the RBS a new buffer is needed to store data of different users

The mobile has to store erroneous PDU for Soft Combining– The mobile has to store erroneous PDU for Soft Combining – Requirements on buffer could be different due to the new amount of

transmitted data

• Algorithms have to be adapted:Algorithms have to be adapted:– Admission and Congestion Control for example need new way to

estimate the load and accept new users.– Closed loop power control does not apply to HS.– New algorithms that manage the new functionalities have to be

introduced (buffer, scheduling).

• Mobility algorithm in particular is conditioned since the fast link adaptation does not allow the Soft Handover anymoreadaptation does not allow the Soft Handover anymore.

• The e2e performance of the PS users significantly improves due to a smaller RTT.

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HSDPA Basics: Node Impacts

• RBS– New TX board in RBS

• RNC– No HW upgrades– Only SW!!

R99: • Scheduling, • TF selection,

Core Network– Only SW!!

– Setup of HS-DSCH/HS-SCCH• Link layer retransmission (ARQ)

RNC

Node BHSDPA: • Scheduling, g• Link Adaptation, • Hybrid ARQ

25

Node Functionality

Iur

Iu RNC Function:

RAB establishment & releaseRNC

Channel switching

Mobility

IubAssociated Dedicated Ch l

Resource handling

Capacity managementChannels

L2 (MAC-d)

UL HS control channel power controlUL HS control channel power control

Certain flow control

26

Node Functionality

RBS Function:

L2 (MAC-hs)Iur

Iu

RNC

Scheduling

HARQ process handling

Transport format selection

IubAssociated Dedicated Ch l Transport format selection

Certain flow control

Channels

DL HS shared control power control

27

Agenda









28

HSDPA new channels

• HSDPA introduces specific channels, 1transport and 3 physical channels:– The transport channel High Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) is a

resource existing only in downlink and carries user data in HSDPA.– The High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH) is a downlink

physical channel to which the HS DSCH channels are mappedphysical channel, to which the HS-DSCH channels are mapped.– The High-Speed Shared Control Channels (HS-SCCH) is used for downlink

control signaling and carries indication about UE scheduling. – One Associated Dedicated Channel (A-DCH) pair (UL & DL) per HSDPA user inOne Associated Dedicated Channel (A DCH) pair (UL & DL) per HSDPA user in

connected state, used for control signaling and uplink data transmission. The uplink control information is carried by the Uplink High Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH).

A-DCH

29

Channel Structure

Associated Dedicated ChannelsChannels

Control ChannelControl Channel

HS-SCCH – High-Speed Shared Control Channel(s)Control Channel(s) (Physical)HS-SCCH – High-Speed Shared Control Channel(s)Control Channel(s) (Physical)

HS-DSCH – High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (Transport)HS-DSCH – High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (Transport)

HS-DPCCH – High-Speed (related uplink) Dedicated Physical Control ChannelControl Channel(Physical)HS-DPCCH – High-Speed (related uplink) Dedicated Physical Control ChannelControl Channel(Physical)

A-DCH – Associated Dedicated Channel – A-DCH (Transport)A-DCH – Associated Dedicated Channel – A-DCH (Transport)

HS-PDSCH High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (Physical)HS-PDSCH High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (Physical)

(Physical)(Physical)

30

An overview of HS-DSCH and its associated channels

CN RNC RBS UE

-

DPCCH

DPDCH

HS DPCCH

DCCH

DCCH

DCCHNAS

DCCHNAS

RRCFor each user

DPCHDCH

DCH

HS-SCCHHS SCCH

HS-PDSCHHS -DSCH

DTCHInteractive PS RAB


User 1

User 2


User n

Radio Access Bearers:- Interactive- Background

Logical Channels:-Dedicated Control Channel, DCCH-Dedicated Traffic Channel, DTCH

Transport Channels:-Dedicated Channel, DCH-High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel, HS-DSCH

Physical Channels:-Dedicated Physical Channel, DPCH-DPCCH, Dedicated Physical Control Channel-DPDCH, Dedicated Physical Data Channel-HS-DPCCH, HS-DSCH Dedicated Physical Control ChannelHS DSCH Shared Control Channel HS-SCCH

Iu Iub Uu

31

-HS-DSCH Shared Control Channel, HS-SCCH-High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel, HS-PDSCH

HS-DSCH : High-Speed Dedicated Shared Channel

• HS-DSCH is the transport channel used for data transmission on the d li k d i h d b ll i th ll I th HSDPA fi t hdownlink and is shared by all users in the cell. In the HSDPA first phase product release:– the sharing of code resource is done in the time domain on a 2 ms time basis

(TTI)(TTI). – The shared code resource consists of 5 channelization codes with fixed

spreading factor SFHS-DSCH = 16, in this time frame.

• The HS DSCH cannot be in soft/softer handover and no fast power• The HS-DSCH cannot be in soft/softer handover and no fast power control is used.

• The HS-DSCH uses all the excess power from the available transmission t th b t ti l ft f th d d di t d h lpower at the base station left from the common and dedicated channels

32

HS-SCCH: High-Speed Shared Control Channel

• HS-SCCH is a downlink physical channel used to carry HS-DSCH related control signaling (Physical Layer signaling)control signaling (Physical Layer signaling).

• It is shared among the HSDPA users on time division basis (TTI), with the same scheduling as for HS-DSCH.

• All UEs listen to the same HS-SCCH channel and after decoding, decide whether the information to start listening the HS-PDSCH was intended to that UE.

• Informs the UE about:– HS-DSCH code set– Modulation scheme (QPSK/16QAM)

HS DSCH t t f t ( b f t t bl k TTI d b f– HS-DSCH transport format (number of transport blocks per TTI and number of bits per transport block)

– Hybrid ARQ information

Ne er in soft hando er• Never in soft handover

• The HS-SCCH has a spreading factor SFHS-DSCH = 128

33

A-DCH: Associated Dedicated Channel

• One A-DCH pair is set up for every HSDPA user in connected state.

• It is used for control signaling (RRC and NAS) in UL and DL.

• It is a new Radio Bearer corresponding to a 3.4 kbps SRB in the DL (Sf 256)256).

• In the uplink A-DCH is also used as the channel for data transmission, where the rate can be either 384 kbps or 64 kbps. – The uplink data rate 384 kbps is selected as first priority and 64 kbps is used as a

fall back rate if the path loss is judged to be too large or 384 kbps radio bearer setup fails for any reason (e.g. lack of radio or hardware resources).

• The uplink A-DCH channel also contains the High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel (HS-DPCCH), the new physical channel that carries the L1 related signaling in UL.

34

HS-DPCCH: High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Ch lChannel

• It is used for transmitting the following information from UE to RBS:– HARQ acknowledgement (1 bit coded in 10)– Channel quality indicator (5 bits coded to 20 bits in 2 slots)

– channel quality measurements based on CPICHti t i fi bl th h RRC/NBAP i li– reporting rate is configurable through RRC/NBAP signaling

– information reflecting the instantaneous downlink radio channel conditions to assist the RBS in the transport format selection (fast link adaptation) and the scheduling

– The HS-DPCCH has a spreading factor SFHS-DSCH = 256

• The A-DCH both UL and DL can be in soft/softer handover whilst the HS-DPCCH can never be in soft handover (softer is possible).

HS DPCCH (UL) i t itt d ithi d di t d h l Th i id• HS-DPCCH (UL) is transmitted within a dedicated channel. The main idea is that it is power controlled from the other part of the A-DCH.

35

HSDPA Channel Operation

Physical Channels:-Dedicated Physical Channel, DPCHDedicated Physical Channel, DPCH-DPCCH, Dedicated Physical Control Channel-DPDCH, Dedicated Physical Data Channel-HS-DPCCH, HS-DSCH Dedicated Physical Control ChannelHS DSCH Sh d C t l Ch l HS SCCH-HS-DSCH Shared Control Channel, HS-SCCH

-High Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel, HS-PDSCH

HS-DPCCH: CQI

HS-SCCH: DL Transfer Information

HS-DSCH: Data Transfer

HS-DPCCH: ACK/NACK

36

UserPlane: Overview

• There are 8 steps to transmit on the HS-DSCH:– In the RNC, the Interactive RAB is mapped to a radio bearer to be transmitted on

the HS-DSCH. – The radio bearer is then processed by the RLC and MAC-d layer 2 protocols in

the RNCthe RNC. – The resulting MAC-d PDUs are transmitted over Iub to the RBS using the HS-

DSCH frame protocol. – The MAC–hs receive the Channel Quality Indicator “adjusted” by the Node BThe MAC hs receive the Channel Quality Indicator adjusted by the Node B– The MAC-hs scheduling function selects in each TTI the user to which the HS-

DSCH is transmitted. – Following the selection of a user, the user data to transmit on the HS-DSCH is put g p

into one of several HARQ processes in the MAC-hs HARQ protocol. – The amount of data to transmit is determined by the TFRC selection algorithm. – Hence the data is transmitted to the UE over the air interface.

37

RAB/RB Combination – Overview

• Interactive and background Packet Service

• New RABs defined:– Interactive PS 64/HS– PS 384/HS (optional)PS 384/HS (optional)

• DL bit rate up to 4.32 Mbps in P4 (user data rate)

• About HS-DSCH:bout S SC– Max. 5 codes– DL: QPSK or– DL: 16QAM (optional)DL: 16QAM (optional)– UL 64 kbps interactive radio bearer– Supported by symmetric 3.4 kbps signaling radio bearer (SRB)

38

Agenda




3. Channel Structure3. Channel Structure3. Channel Structure3. Channel StructureAccessibility:Accessibility:Call setup phasesCall setup phasesAccessibility:Accessibility:Call setup phasesCall setup phases





39

Radio network functions

RNC RNC

Iu Iu

RNC RNCIur Camping in idle1Access the HSDPA system2

7

Iub IubAssociated Dedicated

IubMove within the system3Move out of the system456

ChannelsControl the power5

5

Decide which mobile and 6

6

f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS 234 how much to transmit to it 6

RRM policy7f1 f1

2 2

f1

f1 f1 f1

40

1

State Diagram – non HSDPA-P4

CS StreamingSRB

Int. 64/384

Speech Other int. RAB state New!

UDI (CS64)PS Streaming+Int 8/8SP64

Int. 64/128

SP0 UDI+Int. 8/8Int. 64/64New!

SP0 not availableRAB Release

RAB E t bli h tInt. FACH SRB

New!

Note 1: It is possible to go to Idle from all states (Signaling connection release)Note 2: QoS profiling on the PS Int RAB is handled by Channel SwitchingNote 3: Same transitions is valid for PS Streaming 16/64 and PS Streaming 16/128Note 4: RAB establishment on FACH depending on the setting for parameter PacketEstMode

Channel Switching

RAB Establishment SRBRAB est on FACH

41

State Diagram – only HSDPA

HS-DSCH(uplink 64 or 384)

The diagram is clearly much easier. What does it means?

RAB Establishment

Few transitions

Only 2 HS RABs exist

SRB-DCH

RAB Release

Signaling

Only 2 HS RABs existThe choice between 64 or 384 is done at the beginning and

Idl

Signaling Connection handling

g gcannot be changed during the connection.

e

42

Idle mode & RRC Connection Establishment

f2 HS f2 HS f2 HSEc/No

f1 f1 f1 HS+ f1HS+f1

f1f2

• In idle mode there is no difference between a user with HSDPA capability or not.

• The UEs select the the cell with best Ec/N0 with the procedure ”cell reselection” as in R99.

I d i it HSDPA i d l d i th d i l• In second carrier sites, HSDPA is deployed in the second carrier only– Most idle UEs will camp on f1– Most HS users must be moved to f2 in order to get the ”HS service”

• There is no difference in the RRC Connection Establishment procedure between a user with HSDPA capability or not– RRC Connection Request and Radio Connection Setup Complete contains

43

q p pinformation about the UE capability

RAB establishment

UTRAN SGSNUE0

RANAP: RAB Assignment Request( t bli h PS I t ti /B k d RAB)

SRB - DCH0

(establish PS Interactive/Background RAB)

HSDPA capability analysis 1Serving HS-DSCH cell selection

S capab y a a ys s 1

2Possible Inter frequency hard handover

23

Radio Bearer setup

RANAP: RAB Assignment Response444

Capability analysis 1• At the reception of RANAP RAB Assignment Request, if:

– the present UE state is SRB-DCH and if the RAB mapping gives as result PS interactive or PS background

– the “Access stratum release indicator” received from UE indicates Rel-5 or later release, – the “Physical channel capability” received from UE indicates that the UE supports FDD

HS-PDSCH (any HS-DSCH-physical-layer-category shall be supported), – if the existing UE capability check for L2 are successful g p y

UTRAN SGSNUE

RANAP: RAB Assignment Request(establish PS Interactive/Background RAB)

SRB - DCH

The RNC performs the Serving HS DSCH cell selection

Serving HS-DSCH cell selection

HSDPA capability analysis

Serving HS-DSCH cell selection

Otherwise the RAB is established in design base system.

45

Serving HS-DSCH cell selection 2• When, at RAB establishment, the UE starts the procedure

3 results are possible:3 results are possible:

– If the HS-DSCH is enabled in the best cell, the connection is set up in that cell.

Current active set

• Otherwise the RNC check the coverage relation of the best cell.

If h HS DSCH i bl d i th t t ll h d h d– If the HS-DSCH is enabled in the target cell, an hard handover is tried to the new selected cell.

If ll il bl d th ti i t bli h d

New active set

– If no cells are available and the connection is established on an interactive DCH.

DCH

46

Coverage relations 2

• The coverage relation is a unique uni-directional relation between two ll d t t llcells, a source and a target cell.

• The purpose of the coverage relation is to give the operator a possibility to distribute HSDPA downlink traffic among the cells of an RNC.

• The target cell covers almost the same area and can be assigned the same frequency or different ones. Typically the cells will be co-located.

A coverage relation is defined for a source cell with the parameters (3GPP R5 25 423):R5 25.423):

hsPathLossThresholdutranCellRef (the target cell) coverageIndicator

47

Two Carriers scenario: IF HO 3• In case the HSDPA is deployed on a second layer and the mobile access the

network from the first layer the step will be the following:

2nd carrierThe mobile ask for a SRB establishment on a cell of Carrier 1

Start the RAB establishment and the Cell Selection procedure..

2nd carrierThe mobile ask for a SRB establishment on a cell of Carrier 1

f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS

When the attempt on the AS cells fails, check the coverage relation of the best cell and its path loss

f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS

f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS

f1f1f1

If everything is ok, perform a BLIND IF-HO

f1 f1f1If the IF HO succeed continue the RB set up on the new carrier..

f1 f1f1

f1 f1 f1f1 f1 f1

Otherwise the RNC try to establish a R99 PS RAB on the first carrier

f1 f1 f1

48 1st carrierRAB on the first carrier

Interfrequency load distribution

• It adds the possibility to configure a "load-sharing margin" which can be d t t t f HSDPA t ffi i l t d llused to reserve output power, for e.g. HSDPA traffic, in selected cells

• It makes the cell appear more loaded than it actually is

• It can be used to push traffic on a specific carrier• It can be used to push traffic on a specific carrier

49

1. Admission request

UE SRNCDRNCRBS RBS DRNCRB setup (1/2)

4. RNSAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare

2. Allocate resources

q

3. NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare • If the result from the “Serving

HS DSCH cell selection” gives

4

4. NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Prepare

4. Allocate resources

4. Admission requestHS-DSCH cell selection gives that a Serving HS-DSCH cell is selected-> the “RB setup, SRB-DCH to PS

5. Allocate resources 5. Allocate resources 6. NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready 6. RNSAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready

g pe se up, S C o Sinteractive (64 or 384)/HS - HS-DSCH transition” is performed

• If the result gives that no Serving HS DSCH cell is

8. Iub and Iur Transport Bearer setup, AAL2 Connection setup

7. NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Ready

9. Set Activation time

Serving HS-DSCH cell is selected, but UE connection is still maintained

-> the RAB establishment is

10 RRC: Radio Bearer Setup R5

9. NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit

9. NBAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit

9.RNSAP: Radio Link Reconfiguration Commit -> the RAB establishment is performed as in the design base.

10. RRC: Radio Bearer Setup – R5

12. RRC: Radio Bearer Setup Complete

11. Perform actions at Activation time

50

13. Release resources

RB setup (2/2) 4

• Different levels of Admission control runs in the RNC– For the selected serving HS-DSCH cell, run Admission Control algorithm for the

A-DCH configuration and for HS-DSCH configuration (number of serving links). – For the other cells within SRNC, run Admission Control algorithm for the A-DCH

configurationconfiguration.

• The RANAP RAB Assignment Response is sent to the CN when the Radio Bearer Setup Complete has been received.

• The handling of UL/DL user data on RLC level is done as in the R99 for PS interactive RB.

51

UL: 64 or 384? 4

• Which UL A-DCH to set is decided during the AC phase.

• From an AC point of view, there are 2 guaranteed-hs service types:– PS64/HS Interactive PS service with rate 64 kbps in uplink and HS-DSCH using

up to 5 HS-PDSCH codes in downlink. p– PS384/HS Interactive PS service with rate 384 kbps in uplink and HS-DSCH

using up to 5 HS-PDSCH codes in downlink.

• A part from the other AC check there are 2 special checks for the UL A-A part from the other AC check there are 2 special checks for the UL ADCH:– Histogram Admission Policy: requests demanding spreading factor 4 in uplink

(PS384/HS radio connection type) are compared with sf4AdmUl.– The path loss is checked in order to understand if a 384 UL bearer can be

sustained.

• If the 384 RB is denied (or is accepted but the RBS don’t find the ( psynchronization in the establishment phase) the connection is established on the 64 RB.

52

Release of Iu-PS connection due to inactivity in HS-DSCH t t (1/2)DSCH state (1/2)

• When a user finishes its t i i h t l thtransmission has to release the resources.

• The procedure is really simple:– An "HS-DSCH inactivity" timer is

started when there is no data to transmit.Wh th ti i I– When the timer expires a Iu Release request is sent and the resources are released.

• The value of the timer is a system• The value of the timer is a system parameter hsdschInactivityTimer

53

Please note that..

• No Channel Switching, cell_DCH -> Idle:HS-DSCH

– No cell_FACH for HS users.– No “soft” switch between HSDPA and DCH– No transition between the UL rate is possible SRB

HS DSCH(uplink 64 or

384)

– The UE can regulate its rate in UL depending on the cell interference level. Hence a 384 RB in UL has to be considered as the maximum bit rate.

-DCH Idle

rate.RAB Combinations:Interactive 64/HS kbps PS RAB UL: Interactive 64 kbps PS RB + 3.4 kbps

SRBs on DPCHDL: Interactive PS RB on HS-PDSCH + 3.4

kbps SRBs on DPCHkbps SRBs on DPCH

Interactive 384/HS kbps PSUL: Interactive 384 kbps PS RB + 3.4 kbps

SRBs on DPCHDL: Interactive PS RB on HS-PDSCH + 3.4

kbps SRBs on DPCH

54

IuSpeech call

Please note that..

Incoming CS call• A critical issue for the HSDPA in P4 is the

t f th i i ll

RNC

Iub

call

management of the incoming call.

• Subsequent RAB assignments are rejected by RNC

Iub

– no multi RABs f2 HSf HS f HSff

UTRANUE MSC SGSNUTRANUE MSC SGSN

PS Interactive 64/HS - HS-DSCH

1. RANAP: RAB Assignment Request (CS RAB)

2. RANAP: RAB Assignment Response

If the current PS Interactive RB is allocated HS-DSCH resources, the RAB Assignment

55

, gresponse includes the unmapped RAB IDs in the “RABs failed to setup or modify” IE.

Agenda







6 C it M t6 C it M t6 C it M t6 C it M tMobility:Mobility:Mobility:Mobility:

6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management


IntraIntra--HSDPA HSDPA IntraIntra--HSDPA HSDPA

56

HSDPA Mobility: introduction (1/3)

• After the cell selection, the network has to guarantee the mobility of the HSDPA

• 2 algorithms are interested in the mobility of HSDPA users in connectedto guarantee the mobility of the HSDPA

users

• Since No Soft/Softer HO exist for HS-DSCH there will be only one serving

mobility of HSDPA users in connected mode:– Serving HS-DSCH Cell Change– A-DCH Soft/Softer HO

RNC RNCIur

Iu IuDSCH, there will be only one serving cell for the HS-DSCH.

Iub

Iub IubAssociated Dedicated ChannelsChannels

57


• The HSDPA mobility will b litt d h ibe splitted here in different issues:– Measurement reporting

handlinghandling– Handover for A-DCH– Serving HSDPA cell

changeg

58


• Note that when the UE is PS Interactive using HSDPA the• Note that when the UE is PS Interactive using HSDPA, the MEASUREMENT CONTROL includes only neighbor cells of type intra-frequency and no Compressed Mode is triggered, that means that Inter-Frequency and Inter-RAT Handover are not possible to be performedq y p p

• What happens when the mobile move to area without HSDPA coverage?

f HS 2 layersf2 HS

f1 f1

f2 HS f2 HS

f1

f f

2 layers

f2 HSHS HS fff

1 layer

f1 f1 f1HS HS ff

59

Measurement reporting (1/2)

• While user moves in the network, it continues to perfom measurement on th CPICH f th d t t d llthe CPICH of the detected cells.

• When a UE is setup on a dedicated channel:

– the SRNC sends a MEASUREMENT CONTROL (some information are broadcasted in the system information on the BCCH channel) orders the UE to start Intra frequency measurement.

– As soon as the triggering conditions are fullfilled, the UE sends a MEASUREMENT REPORT message to the SRNC indicating which event occurred and which among the measured cells fulfilled the event criteria.

60

Measurement reporting

• 4 types of intra-frequency measurements are defined in the 3GPP:– Event 1a: Add cell - A primary CPICH enters the reporting range– Event 1b: Delete cell - A primary CPICH leaves the reporting range– Event 1c: Replace cell - A Non-active primary CPICH becomes better

th ti i CPICHthan an active primary CPICH– Event 1d: Change of best cell - A primary CPICH becomes better than

the previously best primary CPICHEvent 1e: A primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold– Event 1e: A primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute threshold

– Event 1f: A primary CPICH becomes worse than an absolute threshold

• Note that the RNC can configure more than 1 measurement report for the same event.

61

Mobility Example

2

0

Active set handling:(Max active set = 3)

1 3

-5

cell 1cell 2cell 3event 1a:

Add cell 2, to the ASAdd ll 3 t th AS

-10c/N

0[d

B]

Add cell 3, to the AS

event 1b:

-15

Ec

event 1d:

Delete cell2

0 5 10 15-20

event 1d: Change of best cell, to cell 3

62

time [s]

Measurement reporting for HSDPA

• When PS Interactive using HSDPA is started, an extra MEASUREMENT CONTROL l t d l t th t 1d HS i t t th UE h iCONTROL related only to the event 1d HS , is sent to the UE having another MEASUREMENT ID than the ones dealing with the conventional event 1d for Soft Handover evaluation.

• The reason for having a separate event 1d HS is– to be able to get UE reports triggered by only Active Set cells – to be able to use different hysteresis and time to trigger parameters to trigger HS-

DSCH C ll ChDSCH Cell Change.– to use a different quality criteria (RSCP of the cells in the Active Set)

• Since the 1d Hs reported cell is already a member of the current Active p ySet, this event do not trigger any change in the AS.

63

A-DCH handover

• In the previous slide it is stated that “there will be only one serving cell for th HS DSCH” Thi d t th t th UE i t d t lthe HS-DSCH”. This does not mean that the UE is connected to only one cell.

• For what concerns the A-DCH they continue to perfrom soft and softer hand-over as in normal R99 case.

• Note that HS-DPCCH can be only in softer HO.

I th l i th b t d t h• In the example supposing the best server does not change...

AA--DCHDCHHSHS--DSCHDSCHAA--DCHDCH

R99R99 R99HSHS HS

HSHS HSHS

R99 HS

64

SHS HS

Serving HSDPA Cell Change (1/2)

• When the UE moves between cells, the HSDPA connection is maintained b f i t f i HS DSCH C ll Chby means of intra frequency serving HS-DSCH Cell Change.

• HS-DSCH Cell Change evaluation performs the evaluation of a valid target cell within the current Active Set, only towards a “suitable HS-DSCH cell’s”.

• A suitable HS-DSCH Cell is a cell that satisfies the following conditions: – Cell in the current Active SetCell in the current Active Set. – Internal UTRAN cell. – Cell having HS-DSCH enabled.

65

Serving HSDPA Cell Change (2/2)

• Serving HS-DSCH cell change is triggered by:– Change of “Best cell” as indicated by receiving an event 1d, UE measurement

report– Removal of the Serving HS-DSCH cell from the active set due to receiving an

event 1b UE measurement reportevent 1b, UE measurement report.– Removal of the Serving HS-DSCH cell from the active set due to receiving an

event 1c, UE measurement report.– any other reason where the current serving HS-DSCH cell is to be removed fromany other reason where the current serving HS DSCH cell is to be removed from

the active set.

• No support for HS-DSCH over Iur: RRC Directed Signaling Connection Re establishment– RRC Directed Signaling Connection Re-establishment

66

Soft/softer HO for A-DCH and cell change for HSDPA h lchannels

Note there is of course a time-to-Measurement

quantity

I iti ll A DCH d HSDPA

Note, there is of course a time-to-trigger also for event 1d-hs

P_CPICH 1

hdh i 1

Rep. Range 1aRep. Range 1bInitially A-DCH and HSDPA

both only on cell 1

P_CPICH 2 hsdhysteresis −1_

A-DCH on cell 2 only

timeReporting event 1d-hs

Reporting event 1a

HSDPA channels cellReporting event 1b

67A-DCH in SHO with cell 1 and 2

HSDPA channels cell change from cell 1 to cell 2

Serving HSDPA Cell Change

• If a suitable HS-DSCH cell can not be found within the current RNS a RRC connection release is triggered.

• After this a new cell selection can follow:– Another connection establishment with a new Cell selection

normal connection establishment on R99– normal connection establishment on R99– A connection establishment on GSM

Ex1f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS

Ex3f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS

Ex1

Cell SelectionR99 R99 R99

R99 R99 R99

Ex 4f2 HSf1 HS f1 HS

Ex 2

f2 HSf1 HS f1 HS

RNC RNC

f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS

GSM GSM GSM

Ex 4

f HSf HSEx 5Cell Selection

RNC RNC

R99 R99 R99f2 HSHS HS

GSM GSM GSM

68

R99f2 HSHS HSR99 R99f2 HSHS HS R99 R99 R99R99 R99 R99

f2 HS HS

Radio Connection Supervision

Whatever case Radio Connection supervision is the algorithm monitoring thef2 HSf2 HS f2 HSalgorithm monitoring the synchronization of a mobile, that is, if the mobile is still connected or not.

GSM GSM GSMGSM GSM GSM

• Separate parameter hsdschRcLostT determines how long time a HS user can be out-of-sync before the connection is released

• For HS users only the RL in the serving HS-DSCH cell is supervised.o S use s o y e e se g S SC ce s supe sed– Sync status may change at serving HS-DSCH cell change

69

Agenda









70

“Carrier” mobility

• A user conected with a UMTS network on a certain carrier can move out of the its layer coveragethe its layer coverage.

• There are 2 mechanisms to avoid the drop, at least for some services:

Inter RAT Handover– Inter-RAT Handover– Inter-Frequency Handover

f2 HSf2 HS f2 HS

f1 f1

f2 f2

f1

f f f

• Most of the time anyway the passage between carriers h i idl d f1 f1 f1

GSM GSM GSMGSM GSM GSM

GSM GSMGSM GSM

happens in idle mode

71

GSM GSM GSMGSMGSM GSM

GSM

IRAT/IF Handover in five steps(IRAT HO in the example)

UTRAN

UE moves to poor carrier coverage area and reports to UTRAN

1

UTRANUTRAN commands CM measurements 2

UE finds suitable cells in another layer and when coverage is even

worse it reports the candidates3 Core

NetworkUTRAN evaluates the

candidates and commands the HO

4

Network

UE gets access to the new LAYER5 GSM/

72

Other Carrier

IF&IRAT Handover: basic

• Main steps– When the quality of the connection overcomes a certain thresholds (event 2d or

6a) UE reports a Measurement report and the network orders the UE to activate the CM and check the other layer.If the connection quality further degrades and the other layer has a quality high– If the connection quality further degrades and the other layer has a quality high enough the HO is triggered (events 3a and 2b).

– If the connection quality turns out to be good, the UE signals it to the network and the mobile stops the CM (events 2f or 6b).

Layer Quality

Threshold 2

Threshold 3

Threshold 1

time

Threshold 3

CMHO L2

L1The problem is that there are several thresholds

73

Compressed ModeHO L2p

IRAT & IFHO procedures

• The evaluation process for HO execution depends on the quantity that t t d t (CPM)started measurements (CPM) among:

– CPICH RSCP– CPICH Ec/Io– UE TX power

Evaluated In parallelU po e

• At the same time, the cell in the target layer should have the quality good enough. That means:

For GSM: the quality of the measured GSM cells is above a gsmThresh3a– For GSM: the quality of the measured GSM cells is above a gsmThresh3a. – For the second UMTS layer: the measured best cell on unused frequency is

above both the thresholds nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bEcno and nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bRscpq _ p

• Both of the HO are hard HO:– This means that there will be small interruptions in the data flow to and from the

UEUE.

74

CPM start and HO triggerTarget Layer

CPICH

gg

LayerEc/No

CPICH

Start

RSCP

CPM

Initial Cell

Start CPM

UE TX

power Other layer good enough

St tCellHO trigg

HO trigg

g gStart CPM

HO trigg

75

gg

IRAT HO and Cell Change

• Until here, concerning 3G to 2G switch, only IRAT HO has been ti d A h th UE i i t d d ith PS RABmentioned. Anyway when the UE is in connected mode with a PS RAB,

the switching procedure to 2G is called “IRAT Cell Change”.

• Compared to IRAT HO:

– There is no difference in the evaluation procedure.– In the Inter-RAT Cell Change case there are no resources reserved in the target

cell before the Inter-RAT Cell Change is executed.– There is significant outage period and a certain number of lost packets when

moving toward 2G that have to be carefully evaluatedmoving toward 2G that have to be carefully evaluated • (If the Inter-RAT Cell Change is evaluated and executed by the UE in Idle mode

or connected mode on common channels it is denoted Cell Reselection or Inter-RAT Cell Reselection, see Idle Mode and Common Channel Behaviour for more details)

76

IF or IRAT?• A decision has to be made to evaluate either Inter-Frequency

handover or Inter-RAT Handover/Cell Change. This decision is based on parameters on RNC level, cell level, and UeRc state.

Where?p

– Inter-Frequency handover is only attempted if C_IfHoAllowed is set to Allowed for the current UeRc state, and FddIfHoSupp (RNC) is set to On .and FddIfHoSupp (RNC) is set to On .

– Inter-RAT handover is only attempted if C_GsmHoAllowedis set to Allowed for the current UeRc state, and FddGsmHoSupp (RNC) is set to On. f2 HS

– If both the conditions are verified the decision is based on a configurable parameter, hoType (cell), defined per cell (IFHO preferred, GSM preferred, None). f1

f

? ?• Hence, for a certain cell only one of the 2 Handover types will

be allowed.

f1

GSMGSM

GSM

77

CIPICH dimensioning

• Dimensioning example

CPICH power = 0.87 W

In the dimensioning process the power found with CPICH is done in order to guarantee an d t CPICH l l (E /N0 > 16) ithi thadeguate CPICH level (Ec/N0 > -16) within the

cell area (Range = 1.17 km).

Does that mean that the b d f UMTS llboundary of a UMTS cell

corresponds to CIPICH EC/N0 16?

78

CIPICH_EC/N0 = -16?

Which is the real area of a UMTS cell?

• When a GSM network or a second carrier is deployed the question is not easy to be answered.

• Only looking at the Ec/N0 suggested threshold for IF/IRAT HO we note that:

dF Th h2dE 12– usedFreqThresh2dEcno = -12– utranRelThresh3aEcno = -1 (relative to 2d thr.) = -13

• Different terminals have different behaviours.

• The load changes the cell border.

79

Impact on coverage

CM start Tx PwrNew area the cell CM start Tx Pwr

HO RSCP

New area the cell

WCDMA RBSArea without CM

CM start Ec/No

HO Ec/N0without CM HO Ec/N0

CM start RSCP

HO RSCP80

HO RSCP

Notes for HSDPA

• HSDPA users, when in connected mode with a HSDSCH: – will not be allowed to perform IF and IRAT HO.ot be a o ed to pe o a d O– will not experience CM.

• Anyway:th i t it h i t d d ith R99 RAB i th d di t d– they can experiment it when in connected mode with a R99 RAB or in other dedicated connection.

– They can impact on other users behavior

Don’t forget idle mode!Don t forget idle mode!

Users change carrier or network even in idle mode and the gcoprresponding parameters have to be carefully tuned as well.

81

IRAT Cell Reselection

Ec/No>qQualMin

Overall description of thresholds

WCDMA acceptable area

RSCP>qRxLevMin +P

Ec/No>qQualMin

WCDMA->GSM normal

GSM->WCDMA entering area

reselection area

RSCP+qHyst1 > GSM_RSSI-qOffset1

WCDMA unacceptable area

WCDMA ServiceEc/No>FDDQMINRSCP>GSM_RLA +FDDQOFFWCDMA RBS

Unstable areas

WCDMA unacceptable area because of low RSCPWCDMA unacceptable area because of low Ec/No

Ec/No>qQualMin+sRATsearch

GSM coverage

GSM only area

because of low Ec/No

82

GSM coverage

Agenda





4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles Capacity ManagementCapacity ManagementAlgorithm Algorithm Capacity ManagementCapacity ManagementAlgorithm Algorithm


6 C it M t6 C it M t6 C it M t6 C it M t

Algorithm Algorithm Algorithm Algorithm



83

Capacity Management (Overview)

• Capacity Management solution controls the load in the WCDMA cells.

• It includes 3 main algorithms:• It includes 3 main algorithms:

Admission Control controls the utilization of dedicated monitored resources by accepting ordedicated monitored resources by accepting or refusing requests for utilization of these resources

Congestion Control detects overload situations on some dedicated monitored resources and initiates congestion resolve actions to decrease the load

Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling gathers and provides information about the current usage of critical resourcescritical resources

84

Dedicated Resources

• The Dedicated Monitored Resource Handling function collects and provides information about the current usage of resources that are critical to the load of the cell. There are three reasons for blocking:

• RF POWER:

the total transmitted carrier power is constantly monitored by the algorithm. When the value exceeds some configurable thresholds the admission/congestion take decisions for guaranteed and non-guaranteed service class connections

• CODE – Code Usage: the total number of codes is monitored.

– Code Hystogram: the number of codes used for each SF are monitored. The max number of code for each SF is configurable. A control is also done on the maximum number of compressed mode connections

• ASE (Air Speech Equivalent):• ASE (Air-Speech Equivalent):This monitor is based on the estimation of the air-interface usage per radio link type (RB type) in a cell. Thresholds can be defined separately for the uplink and downlink, for guaranteed or non-guaranteed connections

85

Admission Control Algorithm

Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power M it (f Ad i i )

• Requests arrive to the AC at several moments: Monitor (for Admission purpose)several moments:

– Radio Link Setup– Radio Link Addition– Radio Link Reconfiguration

C d M d C d– Compressed Mode Command

• Different thresholds exist for different types of request:

– (g,ho) guaranteed, handover– (g,nho) guaranteed, non-handover– (ng,ho) non-guaranteed, handover

( h )

85%

– (ng,nho) non-guaranteed, non-handover

• The AC accepts requests until a certain threshold on a monitored

35% 75%

85%

default valuesresource (power in this case) is reached.

86

Congestion Control Algorithm

Downlink Transmitted Carrier Power M it (f C ti t l)

• The congestion control has an unique threshold for all the Monitor (for Congestion control)qservice types (pwrAdm+ pwrAdmOffset +pwrOffset) to regard the cell as “congested”.

• The action to decrease the load in the cell considers instead the different priorities of the services.

Default values:Default values:pwrOffset = +5% 90%pwrHyst = 600 ms

87

Traffic Algorithms

• The PS traffic (non-guaranteed) is managed by the RRM algorithms withmanaged by the RRM algorithms with a lower priority at several levels:– Lower threshold on AC– First user to be considered for CongestionFirst user to be considered for Congestion

actions

• Besides RRM algorithms, even the Channel Switching algorithm acts toChannel Switching algorithm acts to control the PS traffic.

88

HSDPA Monitored Resource Handling

• The way of measuring the resources has to be adapted to the HSDPA:

– The monitored power in the RNC keeps track only of the usage of total non-HS downlink transmitted carrier power.

The reports of the power measurements are adapted to the capability of a cell:– The reports of the power measurements are adapted to the capability of a cell:– HSDPA capable ‘Transmitted carrier power of all codes not used for HS-PDSCH or

HS-SCCH transmission’– HSDPA not capable ‘Transmitted carrier power’

– 2 new dedicated monitored resource is introduced: – the number of HS-serving links in a cell.– The usage of SF 4 in uplink (the usage of the optional PS384/HS radio connection type)The usage of SF 4 in uplink (the usage of the optional PS384/HS radio connection type)

– The measurement of code tree utilization considers the codes allocated for HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH channels.

89

HSDPA Admission Control Algorithm

• The AC receives requests from a HS i 2 t RNC

IuACusers in 2 moments:

– At RAB establishment; in particular after the serving HS DSCH cell selection

RNC Iur

the serving HS-DSCH cell selection.– For mobility, e.g. A Radio link Addition

for A-DCH handoverIub

Associated– No AC is performed within a Cell Change

procedure

Associated Dedicated Channels

– Note that there are neither Compressed Mode requests nor Radio Link Reconfiguration

f2 HSf HS f2 HSR99 R99 R99

1

90

R99 R99 R99

HSDPA Admission Control Algorithm

• The AC performs several types of check:

– A-DCH:– Total available codes (for A-DCH only).

ASE (for A DCH only)– ASE (for A-DCH only).– Power (for A-DCH) – Code with SF=4 in UL (for A-DCH PS 384 in UL)

(H d i P4)– (Hardware, new in P4)

– HS-DSCH:– Number of HS-serving links (for RAB set up only)

91

HSDPA - Code Control

1

S F

4

2

16

8

C om m o n C h an n els;H S -S C C H

D ed ica tedC h an n els

H S -P D S C H(d efau lt)

• There is no check on HSDSCH and HSSCCH codes done by the AC.

• The operator configure and “reserve” the number of HS-PDSCH codes allocated in a cell for HSDPA (numHsPdschCodes)( )

– Increase lock of the cell and release of traffic– Decrease no effect on ongoing traffic

92

• The number of HS-SCCH (SF=128) codes is one

HSDPA – Number of HS users

• The operator can limit the number pof users that can be allocated to the HS-DSCH cell (hsdpaUsersAdm) # users on HS-PDSCH / HS-SCCH

• This limit enables the users allocated to the HS-DSCH (shared

Only serving cellchange of HSDPAallocated to the HS DSCH (shared

channel) to experience a sufficient end-to-end quality

change of HSDPAadmitted

hsdpaUsersAdm

• The new policy is only applied to requests for new HSDPA

Request forHSDPA resourcesalways admittedrequests for new HSDPA

connectionsy

93

HSDPA –UL Histogram AC

• The operator can set a limit for the ”guaranteed-hs” admission requests demanding spreading factor 4 in uplink that can be accepted (in cells where thedemanding spreading factor 4 in uplink that can be accepted (in cells where the PS384/HS is activated)

The threshold is set according to the parameter sf4AdmUl• The threshold is set according to the parameter sf4AdmUl

• This policy allows the operator to disable the PS384/HS feature on a cell basis

• sf4AdmUl can be reduced if the uplink is experienced as problematic, for example due to high Received Total Wideband Power or transport network problems

94

HSDPA DL Power Admission

• New service class, ”guaranteed-hs”,assigned to the A-DCHsg

• Highest priority for ”guaranteed-hs” service class in admission decisions to enable HSDPA users to use the nd

over

ndov

er

er n-ha

ndov

er

dove

r

to enable HSDPA users to use the excess power in high loaded (non-congested) cells

• Soft congestion is not affected by rant

eed

/do

ver

rant

eed

/ han

ed /

non-

han

ed /

hand

ove

eed-

hs/ n

on

eed-

hs/ h

an

Soft congestion is not affected by the introduction of HSDPA

Power non-

guar

non-

hand

non-

guar

guar

ante

e

guar

ante

e

guar

ante

guar

ante

edR

ejec

t

edR

ejec

t

edR

ejec

t

Rej

ect

edR

ejec

t

edR

ejec

t

pwrAdm + pwrAdmOffsetpwrAdm

pwrAdm + pwrAdmOffset + pwrOffset

ssio

n G

rant

e

ssio

n G

rant

e

ssio

n G

rant

e

ssio

ned ss

ion

Gra

nte

ssio

n G

rant

ep

pwrAdm – beMarginPwrAdm

95A

dmis

Adm

is

Adm

is

Adm

isG

rant

e

Adm

is

Adm

is

HSDPA – “Link” Power Admission

HSDPAWhile the admission control on a ”session” level is performed by the RNC it is important to take in mind w

er

RNC, it is important to take in mind that the RBS ”control” the HS access to the shared resources.

Dedicated channelsble

cell

pow

otal

ava

ilab

Common channelsTo

96

HSDPA - Congestion Control

t I iti lG

”guaranteed-hs” service class gets intermediate priority (between ”non-guaranteed” and ”guaranteed”) tmInitialG

tmInitialGhstmCongActionNgRelease non-guaranteed traffictmCongActionGhs

guaranteed )tmInitialGhs minimum time between start of DL congestions and initiation of congestion resolve action on HSDPA users

Release guaranteed HS traffictmCongActionRelease guaranteed traffic

Power

Congestion threshold

tmCongActionGhs time interval between congestion release actions on HSDPA

releaseAseDIGhs amount of ASE to be released at

All non-guaranteed traffic released.tmCongActionGhs is restarted as

releaseAseDIGhs amount of ASE to be released at congestion resolve action

Time

gtmInitialGhs has not expired.

This policy enforces the higher retention priority of CS services compared to interactive services

97

p

Agenda





4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles Load Sharing Load Sharing Techniques Techniques Load Sharing Load Sharing Techniques Techniques


6 C it M t6 C it M t6 C it M t6 C it M t

Techniques Techniques Techniques Techniques



98

Load Sharing (1/2)

• Load sharing features pool together resources from different parts of theresources from different parts of the entire network.

• 2 load-sharing features are available in the WCDMA RAN:in the WCDMA RAN:

– Inter-Frequency Load Sharing Directed Retr to GSM– Directed Retry to GSM

Both load-sharing features redirect calls during the connection setup phase:RRC connection setup for IF load SharingRAB setup for Directed retry

Both IF HO and Directed retry will be present at the same time but IF will act first!

99

Load Sharing (2/2)• For load sharing purposes, cell load is defined as

the ratio between the downlink transmitted carrier power and the admission limit as given by the cell IF

Cell Load = Tx_power/PwrAdm

power and the admission limit, as given by the cell parameter pwrAdm.

• The load sharing algorithm acts only when the load of a cell overcomes a certain threshold: el

l Loa

d IF

50%of a cell overcomes a certain threshold:– For IF, the threshold is set to 50%– For directed retry both the threshold and the percentage

of users to be redirected can be tuned

Ce

of users to be redirected can be tuned

oad DR

Time

Cel

l Lo

thr

Time

100For HSDPA cells, only the non-HSDPA part is counted

Directed Retry algorithm

• Speech call (without packet connection) is the only service that is targeted since it is also the only one that is safe to divert to GSM

• Directed Retry is performed during the RAB establishment procedure; – the first request will be rejected with cause "Directed retry“

a request is made to the core network to relocate the UE to a specific GSM cell– a request is made to the core network to relocate the UE to a specific GSM cell, using the Inter-RAT handover procedure.

• This handover is a blind HO since the target cell is chosen not based on UE measurements Therefore the target cell must be co located with the WCDMAmeasurements. Therefore, the target cell must be co-located with the WCDMA cell.

There are 2 control parameters:

l dSh i G Th h ld d DRloadSharingGsmThreshold specifies the minimum cell load at which off-loading to GSM begins.

loadSharingGsmFraction ifi Cel

l Loa

d

loadSharingGsmThreshold

loadSharingGsmFraction specifies the percentage of Directed Retry candidates to be diverted to GSM

TimeC

101

Inter-Frequency Load Sharing (1/2)

The mobile starts a RRC connection establishment procedure ( NO distinction in RRC cause is made)1

If the cell load is higher than 50%, the load of the co-located load-sharing neighbor is compared with the accessed cell and the least loaded cell is chosen as target.

2

If the target cell is less loaded, the UE will not be instructed directly to go to the target cell but it will 3

g

be told to scan for a suitable cell in the frequency of the target cell, by sending an RRC Connection Reject message.

UMTS L23 2

Load

d

> = < UMTS L2

UMTS L1 1L

Cell 2 Load

Cell 1

? 50%

102GSM

IF Load Sharing

Here an example of comparison between 2 different frequency is reported.

Second CarrierL[1] < 50 %Second CarrierL[1] > 50 %Second CarrierL[2] = 33% -- L[1] = 60% L[1] > L[2] → Select R[2]L[2] = 33% -- L[1] = 60%L[1] - 20% > L[2] →Layer 2

Free Resource = R[2]

Power/pwrAdm

33%100%

Second CarrierL[1] < 50 %-> Don’t do anything


Power/pwrAdm

33%100%

Second CarrierL[1] > 50 %-> Compare the load with the load sharing candidate

Second Carrier

Free Resource

Power/pwrAdm

33%

L[1] > L[2] → Select R[2],

100%Free Resource = R[2]

Power/pwrAdm

33%

L[1] 20% L[2] →Select Second Carrier

100%

Layer 2

Layer 1[ ]

Free Resource

P /33%

First Carrier

[ ]

Free Resource

P /60%

First Carrier

ee esou ce

Free Resource

P /

First Carrier

60%

ee esou ce [ ]

loadSharingThreshold (20%)Free Resource

P /60%

Load

C ll 2 oad> = <

DL power in use 100%

Power/pwrAdm

33%


Power/pwrAdm

60%


Power/pwrAdm

60%


Power/pwrAdm

60%Cell 2 L

Cell 1?

To minimize excessive load sharing a hysteresis is used in the comparison, loadSharingThreshold.

103

HSDPA – IF Load Sharing

loadSharingMargin is a cell-specific parameter that specifies the amount of resource excluded from load-sharing use (as a percentage of pwrAdm)load-sharing use (as a percentage of pwrAdm). When loadSharingMargin is greater than 0, the cell appears to be more loaded than it really is, resulting in more traffic being directed away from it

Second CarrierLayer 2L[2] = 33% + 10% -- L[1] = 60%L[1] - 20% < L[2] → 40% < 43%Stay on the First Carrier loadSharingMargin (10%)

Layer 1

ad


Power/pwrAdm

33%100%

Stay on the First Carrier

Loa

Cell 2 Load> = <

? 50%loadSharingThreshold (20%)

100%

Free Resource

Power/pwrAdm

60%

Cell 1

This parameter gives the operator the possibility to reserve a higher priority to the HSDPA users on the second carriers (in case this is deployed and HSDPA is introduced there)

DL power in use 100% pwrAdm

104

the second carriers (in case this is deployed and HSDPA is introduced there)

Inter-Frequency Load Sharing

• Apart from the load sharing algorithm, other aspects have to be managed and tuned with the introduction of the second layer:and tuned with the introduction of the second layer:

– Mobility: – IF HO procedure is more critical compared to a normal SHO and has to be

verified and tuned.– The compressed mode activity increases in the border cells.

– Accessibility:– The first IF Load Sharing will increase the call set up time.

Terminal equipment limitations:– Terminal equipment limitations:– At them moment, there are several terminal types not fully supporting the

features to manage a second layer. In particular several models are not IF HO capable.

105

Agenda





4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles4. Accessibility & Mobility Principles Cell Breathing Cell Breathing Cell Breathing Cell Breathing




106

Coverage vs. traffic load

A well known effect of WCDMA CPICH coverage is that it h d di h l dchanges depending on the load.

DL UL

WCDMA RBS

high Load

high Load

The DL coverage (considering the Ec/N0 of the CPICH) in particular decreases with the DL total power

UL low load

DL low load

decreases with the DL total power (hence with the load).CPICH_Ec/N0 in a point:

Ec/N0Cpich = RSCP/RSSI= Pcpich/( (PtotIntra + Ptotinter + Noise)

107

(*P = received power)

DL Problem CPICH Ec/N0 triggering

Expected cell area

Low load CM Area

CM startULDL hi h CM start

IRAT

UL high Load

high Load

WCDMA RBS

High load CM AreaHigh load CM Area

CM startIRAT

108

IRAT

Agenda

2 Architecture2 Architecture2 Architecture2 Architecture





5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles5. InterFrequency Mobility Principles Accessibility KPIAccessibility KPIAccessibility KPIAccessibility KPI

6 KPIs6 KPIs6 KPIs6 KPIs


109


Accessibility (CSSR) KPIy ( )CSSR is currently calculated by two factors:RRC Establishment Success Rate = RRC_Success / RRC_Attempts *RAB Establishment Success Rate = RAB Success / RAB Attempts

The IF Load Sharing feature impacts on the RRC Establishment Success Rate since several RRC Connection Attempts are rejected to be redirected towards the

RAB Establishment Success Rate = RAB_Success / RAB_Attempts

since several RRC Connection Attempts are rejected to be redirected towards the other frequency. So it is expected that, in case of IFLS activated, the number of RRC Connection Success will be reduced because of the Load Sharing Reject events To take into account this fact the LoadSharingRejects must be subtractedevents. To take into account this fact the LoadSharingRejects must be subtracted from the total number of RRC_Attempts:

RRC Establishment Success Rate (IFLS) =RRC Establishment Success Rate (IFLS) RRC_Success / ( RRC_Attempts – LoadSharingRejects)

However the counter for Load Sharing Rejects (pmNoLoadSharingRrcConn) is unique and it does not distinguish between CS, PS or any other kind of RRC Connection cause. This make not easy to adjust the RRC Success Rate for CS and for PS in

f IFLS110

case of IFLS.

Proposed new formulaepHere we tried to evaluate the performance of some formulae to derive the RRC_Estab_Succ_Rate for PS and CS in case of IFLS. (The results are taken from RNC???) ( )

The tested formulae are:CsSuccConnectReqpmTotNoRrc CSSuccRRC

ConnectReqpmTotNoRrcCsConnectReqpmTotNoRrcnnaringRrcCopmNoLoadSh - CsConnectReqpmTotNoRrc

__×

=CSSuccRRC

ConnectReqpmTotNoRrcPsConnectReqpmTotNoRrcnnaringRrcCopmNoLoadSh - PsConnectReqpmTotNoRrc

PsSuccConnectReqpmTotNoRrc __×

=PSSuccRRC

Th b i id i t l l t th l d h i j t f PS d CS bThe basic idea is to calculate the load sharing reject for PS and CS by a wheight factor given by the fraction of the RRC_CS (or PS) respect to the total number of RRCs. In case of RRC Succ general the formula is muche more simple insteadsimple instead....

nnaringRrcCopmNoLoadSh-ConnectReqpmTotNoRrcSuccConnectReqpmTotNoRrc __ =generalSuccRRC

111

nnaringRrcCopmNoLoadShConnectReqpmTotNoRrc

RRC Connection Establishment Success Rate CS and PS in case of Load Sharing

Load Sharing Impact on Accessibility (CSSR) KPI - ResultsRRC Connection Establishment Success Rate CS and PS in case of Load Sharing

9000

10000 120%

8000

9000

100%

6000

700080%

LoadSharingRejectThe RRC Succ estimation CS and PS are disturbed by the Load Sharing rejects

4000

5000

40%

60%RRC_SUC_CS_LSRRC_SUC_PS_LS

disturbed by the Load Sharing rejects. We registered strong fluctuations of values expecially in case of high IFLS activity....

2000

3000

20%

40%

0

1000

Days0%

112

Days

RRC Connection Establishment Success Rate General in case of Load Sharing

Load Sharing Impact on Accessibility (CSSR) KPI - ResultsRRC Connection Establishment Success Rate General in case of Load Sharing

9000

10000 120.0%

8000

9000

100.0%

6000

700080.0%

L dSh i E t

In case of RRC Succ Rate calculated for all kinds of RRC, the estimation is much more

4000

5000

40 0%

60.0%LoadSharingEventsRRC_SUC_LS

stable instead and not affected by IFLS!

2000

3000

20.0%

40.0%

0

1000

Days0.0%

113

Days

RRC Connection Estab Succ Rate comparison (General CS PS) including Load Sharing

Load Sharing Impact on Accessibility (CSSR) KPI - ResultsRRC Connection Estab. Succ. Rate comparison (General, CS, PS) including Load Sharing

110.0%

>100% values

105.0%

100.0%

RRC_SUC_LS

90 0%

95.0% RRC_SUC_CS_LSRRC_SUC_PS_LS

Here it is quite evident the noise introduced by the load sharing in CS and PS RRC Succ estimations.

85.0%

90.0%

80.0%

D

Strong KPI deterioration

114

Days

Please consider that the values are calculated on daily base. So they should be quite stable

Conclusions (1/2)When Load sharing is introduce the accessibility formulae should be updated to take into consideration the RRC Connection Attempts rejected to be redirected towards the other frequency ()towards the other frequency ().While no problem should exist for the tot accessibility formula:

SuccConnectReqpmTotNoRrc =generalSuccRRC

2 new formulae are proposed for the CS and PS specific KPIs:C SC RT N R

nnaringRrcCopmNoLoadSh - ConnectReqpmTotNoRrc __ =generalSuccRRC

ConnectReqpmTotNoRrcCsConnectReqpmTotNoRrcnnaringRrcCopmNoLoadSh - CsConnectReqpmTotNoRrc

CsSuccConnectReqpmTotNoRrc__×

=CSSuccRRC

ConnectReqpmTotNoRrcPsConnectReqpmTotNoRrcnnaringRrcCopmNoLoadSh - PsConnectReqpmTotNoRrc

PsSuccConnectReqpmTotNoRrc __×

=PSSuccRRC

However the estimation given by this KPI is not extremely stable/reliable and accurate (the average error seems to be acceptable compared to the error that

qp

115

affects the other formulae but the fluctuation are high).

ConclusionsAn alternative suggestion could be to use the following formula for CSSR

CSSR CS = RRC Succ Global x RAB CS SuccCSSR_CS = RRC_Succ_Global x RAB_CS_SuccCSSR_PS = RRC_Succ_Global x RAB_PS_Succ

The estimation given by this KPI is much more stable/reliable and the averageThe estimation given by this KPI is much more stable/reliable and the average error seems to be acceptable compared to the error that affects the other formulae.

The main drawback of this solution is that the Global RRC Succ is often a little bit worse compared with the real CS and PS values.

(This is probably related to different radio environment: i.e. the major part ( p y j pof RRC Connections are established for registration purpose, when the UE is entering back to 3G coverage; those radio procedures often occur at cell coverage borders and so are affected by a worse performance.)

116

Agenda





bili i i l bili i i l bili i i l bili i i l



6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management6. Capacity ManagementRBS KPIRBS KPIRBS KPIRBS KPI



117

RBS Counters KPIs

• This appendix reports the main KPIs that could be used for HS testing divided by:y– Throughput– Scheduling Ratio and Transmission efficiency– CQI/ACK/NACKCQI/ACK/NACK– Power– RBS RSSI

• Note that performing tests with a single HS user in a unloaded network is useful to:

H ifi i f ti f– Have specific user information for a user– Verify counters/KPI meanings and compare them with UE based KPI

118

Throughput Counters

• Counters:– pmSumAckedBits: the number of Media Access Control high-speed (MAC-hs) bits received andpmSumAckedBits: the number of Media Access Control high speed (MAC hs) bits received and

acknowledged by the UE.– pmSumTransmittedBits: the number of transmitted bits at MAC-hs, level including retransmissions– pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers: The number of user buffers containing high-speed data.

N A ti S bF th b f bf t i i hi h d d t t itt d b th– pmNoActiveSubFrames: the number of subframes containing high-speed data transmitted by the RBS.

– pmNoInactiveRequiredSubFrames: the number of empty subframes transmitted even though data is scheduled for priority queue.

• Still not used:– pmAverageUserRate (PDF): The distribution of the average user rate among all users allocated to

hi h d DSCH i th llhigh-speed-DSCH in the cell.

119

Throughput KPIs

• DSCH UE Thr. NET = Av. Throughput (PS-HS) without retransmission: Sum(pmSumAckedBits)/(Sum(pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers)*0 002s)Sum(pmSumAckedBits)/(Sum(pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers) 0.002s)

• DSCH UE Thr. GROSS = Av. Throughput (PS-HS) with retransmission: Sum(pmSumTransmittedBits)/(Sum(pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers)*0.002)

• DSCH Cell Thr. NET = The MAC-hs throughput on cell levelpmSumAckedBits / (0.002s * pmNoActiveSubFrame)

• DSCH Cell Thr GROSS = The MAC-hs data rate on cell levelDSCH Cell Thr. GROSS The MAC hs data rate on cell levelpmSumTransmittedBits / (0.002 s* pmNoActiveSubFrame)

• Cell Thr NET = The MAC-hs throughput on cell level• Cell Thr. NET = The MAC-hs throughput on cell levelpmSumAckedBits / (ROP period)

• Cell Thr. GROSS = The MAC-hs data rate on cell levelpmSumTransmittedBits / (ROP period)pmSumTransmittedBits / (ROP period)

120

Throughput KPIs Values – Live NetworkRBS Name

RBS Sector

RBS Sector Carrier

Average Number Of UE In a Queue

DSCH UE Throughput

NET

DSCH UE Throughput

GROSS

DSCH Cell Throughput

NET

DSCH Cell Throughput

GROSS

RBS32601-01 3 1 1 92.32 148.32 194.89 313.11RBS05314-01 2 2 1 164.11 221.32 265.44 357.98RBS37058-01 1 2 1 183.97 202.45 292.65 322.04RBS00003-01 3 2 1 218.77 259.69 218.77 259.69RBS34645-01 2 1 1 242.96 350.73 242.96 350.73RBS01281-01 3 1 1 248.4 405.3 248.4 405.3RBS37058 01 2 2 1 324 44 405 58 324 79 406 02RBS37058-01 2 2 1 324.44 405.58 324.79 406.02RBS01780-01 1 1 1 352.6 566.15 491.79 789.63RBS00357-01 2 1 1 389 518.5 389 518.5RBS00429-01 1 2 1 399.94 542.16 399.94 542.16RBS37242-01 3 1 1 424.5 500.75 424.5 500.75RBS34375-01 2 1 1 01 449 73 749 43 461 94 769 76RBS34375-01 2 1 1.01 449.73 749.43 461.94 769.76RBS01263-01 1 1 1 456.78 565.98 456.78 565.98RBS23074-01 3 2 1 509.66 552.27 509.66 552.27RBS23066-01 2 1 1 518.67 518.67 518.67 518.67RBS04995-01 1 2 1 556.41 648.95 557.03 649.67RBS00370-01 1 1 1 632.88 838.31 632.88 838.31RBS01546-01 2 1 1 652.58 878.57 751.29 1,011.47RBS01281-01 1 1 1 662.62 1,142.64 662.62 1,142.64RBS34375-01 3 1 1 710.73 1,071.00 710.73 1,071.00RBS23025-01 3 1 1.01 734.94 901.09 828.62 1,015.96RBS37058-01 3 2 1 764.56 995.06 817.15 1,063.51RBS00353-01 1 1 1 770.18 1,170.15 775.24 1,177.84RBS34645-01 1 1 1 828.63 1,319.63 933.18 1,486.14RBS23025-01 2 1 1 881.87 1,205.44 913.16 1,248.20RBS05314-01 1 2 1 1,183.36 1,390.58 1,193.88 1,402.94RBS00429-01 2 2 1 1,200.85 1,605.63 1,200.85 1,605.63RBS01164 01 3 2 1 1 285 29 1 503 11 1 285 65 1 503 53

121

RBS01164-01 3 2 1 1,285.29 1,503.11 1,285.65 1,503.53RBS01164-01 2 2 1 1,318.85 1,537.49 1,354.04 1,578.52

Transmission efficiency KPIs

• MAC Tx efficiency (or Efficiency factor ) = Sum(pmNoActiveSubFrame )/ (Sum(pmNoActiveSubFrame)+Sum(pmNoInactiveRequiredSubFrame)) (p ) ( (p ) (p q ))

• Scheduling Ratio = This KPI simply highlights the percentage of time the HS-DSCH is used

Sum(pmNoActiveSubFrame)*0 002/ (ROP period)Sum(pmNoActiveSubFrame) 0.002/ (ROP period)

• Transmission ratio = This highlight the percentage of time there is something to transmit. This is a good index on how efficiently the application level can exploit DSCH capabilities

(Sum(pmNoActiveSubFrame)+Sum(pmNoInactiveRequiredSubFrame))*0.002 /

(ROP period)

• Av # UEs in queue• Av.# UEs in queueSum(pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers) / ( Sum(pmNoActiveSubFrame)+ Sum(pmNoInactiveRequiredSubFrames) )

122

Transmission Efficiency (1/2)

• The first index to look at when talking about transmission efficiency is the ratio between the used TTI (the one where something is transmitted) and the totalbetween the used TTI (the one where something is transmitted) and the total #TTI in the test period

Scheduling Ratio = 81.3%PDU is transmitted

( )

Mac Tx Efficiency = 99.05%

Nothing transmitted( + )

( + ) Buffer not empty but PDU not transmitted

Transmission Ratio = 82 8%Transmission Ratio = 82.8%( + )

( + + )123

( + + )

Transmission Efficient KPIs Values – Live NetworkRBS Name Sector Carrier

% Scheduling

Ratio

% Tranmission

Ratio

RBS32601-01 3 1 0.00% 0.00%RBS05314-01 2 2 1.54% 2.49%RBS37058-01 1 2 0.01% 0.02%RBS00003-01 3 2 0.00% 0.00%RBS34645-01 2 1 0.00% 0.00%RBS01281-01 3 1 0.00% 0.00%RBS37058 01 2 2 0 11% 0 11%RBS37058-01 2 2 0.11% 0.11%RBS01780-01 1 1 0.00% 0.00%RBS00357-01 2 1 0.00% 0.00%RBS00429-01 1 2 0.03% 0.03%RBS37242-01 3 1 0.00% 0.00%RBS34375-01 2 1 0.00% 0.00%S3 3 5 0 0 00% 0 00%RBS01263-01 1 1 0.00% 0.00%RBS23074-01 3 2 0.00% 0.00%RBS23066-01 2 1 0.00% 0.00%RBS04995-01 1 2 0.12% 0.12%RBS00370-01 1 1 0.02% 0.02%RBS01546-01 2 1 0.06% 0.07%RBS01281-01 1 1 0.00% 0.00%RBS34375-01 3 1 0.15% 0.15%RBS23025-01 3 1 0.11% 0.12%RBS37058-01 3 2 0.01% 0.01%RBS00353 01 1 1 0 03% 0 03%RBS00353-01 1 1 0.03% 0.03%RBS34645-01 1 1 0.34% 0.38%RBS23025-01 2 1 0.09% 0.09%RBS05314-01 1 2 0.06% 0.06%RBS00429-01 2 2 0.07% 0.07%RBS01164-01 3 2 0 03% 0 03%

124

RBS01164 01 3 2 0.03% 0.03%RBS01164-01 2 2 0.14% 0.15%

CQI/ACK/NACK counters

• pmReportedCqi: the Channel Quality Indicators (CQI) reported by the UE in the cell and received by the RBS.

• pmUsedCqi: the CQI, used by the RBS for scheduling the priority queue for the HS-DSCH.

• Within the reportedCQI tables, there is a column called “InvalidCQI”. This counter will be used as well

• pmAckReceived: The number of Acknowledgements (ACK) that the RBS receives from the User Equipment (UE) over the High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS DSCH)Shared Channel (HS-DSCH).

• pmNackReceived: The number of Negative-Acknowledgements (NACK) that the RBS receives from the User Equipment (UE) over the High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS DSCH)Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH).

125

CQI/ACK/NACK KPIs

• HS-BLER: pmNackReceived /(pmNackReceived + pmAckReceived)

• RtxOverhead = Percentage of the Retransmitted bits over the totalg

100*(pmSumTransmittedBits - pmSumAckedBits) /(pmSumTransmittedBits)

• CQI specific• CQI specific– Av. Reported– Av. USed CQI– Delta CQI = Difference between the 2 averaged values above. This is an index of how much “CQI adjustment” acts.g j

– CQIequalTo0 = Count(CQIreported=0)/Count(CQIreported). This is the main reason of MAC inefficiency

– InvalidCQI = invalideCQI/Count(CQIreported). Not clear what invlid means

• Proposal: (ACK+NACK)/ActiveTTI: still not clear WHAT WE CAN SEE FROM IT

(pmNackReceived+pmAckReceived)/ActiveFrame

126

HS scheduling The BLER is the ratio between NACK

Baseline Test 2R t d BLER [%] 12 6 12 5

and (ACK + NACK)

The Rtx overhead is the ratio between the transmitted and the acked bitsReported BLER [%] 12,6 12,5

RtxOverhead [%] 14,8 15,0the transmitted and the acked bits

Delta CQI could be seen as index of the CQI adjustment impact

Av Reported CQI 10,1 17,0Av Used CQI 9,8 16,5Delta CQI 0,32 0,48

CQI adjustment impact

When 0 is received no transmission will be allowed to the mobile for the following TTI0,32 0,48

(ACK+NACK)/Active [%] 98,68 97,29CQI = 0 [%] 0,79 0,01

TTI

The CQI=0 percentage drop to 0.01%, almost nothing.The BLER and the Retransmission rate are almost identical, that means the CQI adjustment has been able to reach the target

127

Integrity KPIs Values– Live Network

RBS Name

RBS Sector

RBS Sector Carrier

% HS-BLER

% Rtx Overhead

MAC Transmission Efficiency

RBS23066 2 1 0.00% 0.00% 100.00%RBS37058 1 2 4.14% 9.13% 62.87%RBS37242 3 1 8.85% 15.23% 100.00%RBS23074 3 2 9.43% 7.72% 100.00%RBS05314 2 2 10.01% 25.85% 61.83%RBS04995 1 2 11.74% 14.26% 99.89%RBS01164 2 2 12 03% 14 22% 97 41%RBS01164 2 2 12.03% 14.22% 97.41%RBS05314 1 2 12.99% 14.90% 99.12%RBS01164 3 2 13.28% 14.49% 99.97%RBS01263 1 1 13.64% 19.29% 100.00%RBS23025 3 1 14.18% 18.44% 89.32%RBS37058 2 2 14 34% 20 01% 99 89%RBS37058 2 2 14.34% 20.01% 99.89%RBS00003 3 2 15.38% 15.76% 100.00%RBS37058 3 2 18.06% 23.16% 93.56%RBS34375 2 1 18.24% 39.99% 98.14%RBS01546 2 1 18.33% 25.72% 87.02%RBS00370 1 1 18.44% 24.51% 100.00%RBS00429 1 2 19.62% 26.23% 100.00%RBS32601 3 1 21.05% 37.76% 47.37%RBS23025 2 1 22.70% 26.84% 96.60%RBS34375 3 1 23.36% 33.64% 100.00%RBS01780 1 1 23.64% 37.72% 71.70%RBS00429 2 2 24 27% 25 21% 100 00%RBS00429 2 2 24.27% 25.21% 100.00%RBS00357 2 1 25.00% 24.98% 100.00%RBS34645 1 1 27.50% 37.21% 88.80%RBS00353 1 1 28.36% 34.18% 99.35%RBS34645 2 1 30.77% 30.73% 100.00%RBS01281 3 1 33 68% 38 71% 100 00%

128

RBS01281 3 1 33.68% 38.71% 100.00%RBS01281 1 1 38.09% 42.01% 100.00%

RBS power

• pmTransmittedCarrierPowerNonHs: The transmitted carrier power for all hi h d d i th llnon high-speed codes in the cell.

• pmTransmittedCarrierPower: the transmitted carrier power measured at the TX reference point every 4 seconds.

• Notes:Every 100 ms the transmitted carrier power for all non high speed codes in the– Every 100 ms the transmitted carrier power for all non high-speed codes in the cell are sampled. The problem is that there are not necessary data enough to transmit in every slot: hence some kind of “normalization” should be investigated.

129

Tx Power examples (almost 100% of Scheduling Ratio)

The power is calculated at the antenna reference point

0.5

0 .6

0 .4

T xCarrie rPow erR 99Power

0.3

0 .1

0 .2

0

0 3 6 0 5 2 0 0 3 9 0 6 8 0

130

1.0 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.2 4.0 5.0 6.3 7.9 10.0

12.6

15.8 20.0

CCH power = 1.7 The Max power = 8.7

Transmitted Power (2/2)

• The Average Tx power is:The Average Tx power is: – Total Carrier = 4.85 W– R99 power = 1.63 W– TotalHS_power = 3.22 W

• Note that the HS power is an estimation of the power transmitted for the HS on average during the test period but it is NOT an estimate of the power that HS required in the cell!– The activity of the HS (when we transmit something) is still low (80%).– Maybe a more interesting KPI could be:

– TotalHS_power/SchedulingRatio*100= 100*3.22/81.3 = 3.96 W 100 3.22/81.3 3.96 W

• It is interesting to notice anyway that even with a single user the MaxTxPower is reached.

131

RBS list of counters

• pmTransmittedCarrierPowerNonHs: The transmitted carrier power for all non high-speed codes in the cell.

• pmTransmittedCarrierPower: the transmitted carrier power measured at the TX reference point every 4 seconds

• pmNoActiveSubFrames: the number of subframes containing high-speed data transmitted by the RBS.

• pmNoInactiveRequiredSubFrames: the number of empty subframes transmitted even though data is scheduled for priority queue.p q p y g p y q

• pmSumNonEmptyUserBuffers: The number of user buffers containing high-speed data.

• pmSumAckedBits:the number of Media Access Control high-speed (MAC-hs) bits received and acknowledged by the UE.

• pmSumTransmittedBits: Description The number of transmitted bits at MAC-hs, level including retransmissions

pmReportedCqi: the Channel Quality Indicators (CQI) reported by the UE in the cell and received by the RBS• pmReportedCqi: the Channel Quality Indicators (CQI) reported by the UE in the cell and received by the RBS.

• pmUsedCqi: the CQI, used by the RBS for scheduling the priority queue for the HS-DSCH. pmAckReceived: The number of Acknowledgements (ACK) that the RBS receives from the User Equipment (UE) over the High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH).

• pmNackReceived: The number of Negative-Acknowledgements (NACK) that the RBS receives from the User Equipment (UE) over the Hi h S d D li k Sh d Ch l (HS DSCH) A R i Th R i d Si l St th I di ti (RSSI)High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH). pmAverageRssi: The average Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI).

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Agenda





bili i i l bili i i l bili i i l bili i i l



6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management6. Capacity Management6. Capacity ManagementRNC KPIRNC KPIRNC KPIRNC KPI



133

Cell Availability (1)

1) HS cell Availability (24 Hours period)

100*3600*24

meMan)pmHsDownti meAutopmHsDownti( 3600*24 ch)Av_HS(Hsds +−=

3600*242) percentage of unplanned HS downtime (24 Hours period)

100*meAutopmHsDownti(H d h)A A t HS 100*3600*24

p(Hsdsch)Av_Auto_HS =

3) percentage of planned HS downtime (24 Hours period)

• The length of time in seconds that a cell is available for Packet Interactive HS service is defined as cell HS availability. in the example, the cell HS availability during 24 hour period is reported

100*3600*24

meMan pmHsDownti Hsdsch)Av_Man_HS( =

134

availability during 24 hour period is reported.

Accessibility

• The new and existing cell counters used in the PS RAB establishment procedure are given in the following list:

The number of attempted RAB establishments for PS Interactive RAB mapped on HS-DSCH (stepped for the selected Serving HS-DSCH cellprocedure are given in the following list: mapped on HS DSCH (stepped for the selected Serving HS DSCH cell at RAB establishment and before possible Inter-Frequency HO).

The number of successful RAB establishments for PS Counter name

pmNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketInteractive

pmNoRabEstablishS ccessPacketInteracti e

New/existing

Existing

E isting

Interactive RAB mapped on HS-DSCH.

Number of successful Hard HO for serving HS DSCH ll l i (i h ll)pmNoRabEstablishSuccessPacketInteractive

pmNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketInteractiveHs

pmNoRabEstablishSuccessPacketInteractiveHs

Existing

New

New

HS-DSCH cell selection (in the source cell).

Number of successful Hard HO for serving HS-DSCH cell selection (in the target cell)

New


pmNoOutgoingHsHardHoAttempt

pmNoIncomingHsHardHoAttempt

New

New

HS-DSCH cell selection (in the target cell).

Number of failed Hard HO for serving HS-DSCH cell selection and UE connection

New

New

p g p

pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChSource

pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChTarget

maintained (in the source cell).

Number of failed Hard HO for serving HS-DSCH cell selection and UE

135

DSCH cell selection and UEconnection maintained (in the target cell).

Accessibility/ IF counters

136

Accessibility

• PS Interactive Total RAB establishment success rate =• PS Interactive Total RAB establishment, success rate =

pmNoRabEstablishSuccessPacketInteractive100 *

(pmNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketInteractive –pmNoOutgoingHsHardHoAttempt + pmNoIncomingHsHardHoAttempt

+pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChSource- pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChTarget )+pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChSource- pmNoHsHardHoReturnOldChTarget )

PS Interactive HS RAB establishment success rate =

N R bE t bli hAtt tP k tI t ti H100 *


pmNoRabEstablishAttemptPacketInteractiveHs

137

InterFrequency Handover

1) PS Interactive HS Hard Handover outgoing success rate

100*AttemptngHsHardHopmNoOutgoi

SuccessngHsHardHopmNoOutgoi dOut_SPS_M_HSHar =

2) PS Interactive HS Hard Handover incoming success rate

100* SuccessngHsHardHopmNoIncomi dIn SPS M HSHar =

AttemptngHsHardHopmNoOutgoi

AttemptngHsHardHopmNoIncomi__ _

3) PS Interactive HS Hard Handover return to old channel rate (source Cell)

100* dChSourceHoReturnOlpmNoHsHardrcedOldCh SouPS M HSHar = 100AttemptngHsHardHopmNoOutgoi

rcedOldCh_SouPS_M_HSHar =

4) PS Interactive HS Hard Handover return to old channel rate (target Cell)

100*dChTarget HoReturnOlpmNoHsHarddOldCh TPS M HSH 100*AttemptngHsHardHopmNoIncomi

dC a geto etu Op No s a dget dOldCh_TarPS_M_HSHar =

5) PS Interactive HS Hard Handover outgoing Lost connection rate

6) PS Interactive HS Hard Handover incoming Lost connection rate

100*AttemptngHsHardHopmNoOutgoi

dChSource)HoReturnOlpmNoHsHardoSuccessingHsHardH(pmNoOutgo-AttemptngHsHardHopmNoOutgoidOut_Lost PS_M_HSHar

+=

138

100*AttemptngHsHardHopmNoIncomi

dChTarget)HoReturnOlpmNoHsHardoSuccessingHsHardH(pmNoIncom-AttemptngHsHardHopmNoIncomidIn_Lost PS_M_HSHar

+=

Retainability

• The new and existing cell counters used for Retainability are given in the following list:following list:

Number of system releases of packet RABs mapped Counter name

pmNoSystemRabReleasePacket

New/existing

Existing

on HS-DSCH in the Serving HS-DSCH cell.

Number of successful normal releases of packet RABs d HS DSCH i h S i HS DSCH llpmNoNormalRabReleasePacket

pmChSwitchFachIdle

Existing

ExistingThe number of signalling connection releases

mapped on HS-DSCH in the Serving HS-DSCH cell.

pmNoTpSwitchSp64Speech

pmNoSystemRbReleaseHs

Existing

New

The number of signalling connection releases triggered for PS Interactive RAB mapped on HS-DSCH due to inactivity (Channel Switching Evaluation algorithms request the execution of a

pmInactivityHsIdle

pmNoNormalRbReleaseHs New

New

g qswitch to idle). The counter is stepped at the reception of RANAP Iu Release Command from CN, for HS channel cell or RANAP RAB assignment Request (when the RAB is released) and the RANAP

139

assignment Request (when the RAB is released) and the RANAP cause is User Inactivity.

Retainability

• HS Radio Bearer retainability drop rate =• HS Radio Bearer retainability, drop rate =

100 *pmNoSystemRbReleaseHs

100 *y

pmNoSystemRbReleaseHs + pmNoNormalRbReleaseHs

Total PS Interactive retainability, drop rate =

100 *( pmNoSystemRabReleasePacket )

pmNoSystemRabReleasePacket + pmNoNormalRabReleasePacket

140

System Utilization

• It is possible to measure HS A-DCH utilisation in terms of code usage and average number of users per cell.

• Two new set of counters shall be implemented. The first set is used to observe the HS A-DCH code utilisation per cell. The KPI indicates the the total number of A-DCH radio bearers established in a cell.

( S P H Ad hR bE t bli h / S l P H Ad hR bE t bli h )– ( pmSumPsHsAdchRabEstablish /pmSamplePsHsAdchRabEstablish )

• The second set is used to observe the average number of users per cell (hence the number of HS users), which is done by looking only at the best cell:

– (pmSumBestPsHsAdchRabEstablish /pmSampleBestPsHsAdchRabEstablish )

141

Throughput

142

Throughput

1) Average Throughput for PS interactive HS (RNC Level)

etDataHs4pmSentPacketDataHs3pmSentPacketDataHs2pmSentPacketDataHs1pmSentPack +++8*

nHs4ketDuratiopmTotalPacnHs3ketDuratiopmTotalPacnHs2ketDuratiopmTotalPacnHs1ketDuratiopmTotalPac

etDataHs4pmSentPacketDataHs3pmSentPacketDataHs2pmSentPacketDataHs1pmSentPack PPintHS_I_T

+++

+++=

2) Retransmission Rate for PS interactive HS (RNC Level)

etDataHs4pmSentPacketDataHs3pmSentPack etDataHs2pmSentPack etDataHs1pmSentPack1etPintHS I R

+++−=

34121etPintHS_I_R

PDHsPDHs +

RetransHs2etDataInclpmSentPackRetransHs1etDataInclpmSentPack12P +=DHs

Where:

pp

RetransHs4etDataInclpmSentPackRetransHs3etDataInclpmSentPack34P +=DHs

3) HSDPA total RLC data Traffic DL [MByte] (RNC Level)

etDataHs4pmSentPacketDataHs3pmSentPack etDataHs2pmSentPack etDataHs1pmSentPackATAPintHS I D

+++=

143

1000000ATA PintHS_I_D

Retrans rate – live RNC

Object NameRetrans Rate

PS Int HSPS Int HS

RNCCN1 99.63%RNCKS1 99.49%RNCKS2 100 00%RNCKS2 100.00%RNCNY1 98.03%

144

Mobility

• For mobility only the HS serving cell change procedure is considered .Note that no AC is

requested in the cell

Counter name New/existing

qchange procedure

Counter namepmNoHsCcSuccess

pmNoHsCcAttemptt

New/existing

New

New

The corresponding KPI is1) S t f HS C ll1) Success rate for HS Cell Change in target cell

100*mptpmHsCcAtteesspmHsCcSucc SPS_M_HSCC_ =

145

Admission & Congestion Control

• Number of of radio links that are on SF=4 in ULNumber of of radio links that are on SF 4 in UL– pmSumSf4Ul /pmSamplesSf4Ul

RNC t it i f d i i j t (RAB t ) f HSDPA• RNC counter monitoring no. of admission rejects (RAB setup) of HSDPA users– pmNoOfNonHoReqDeniedHs

• RNC counters monitoring no. of HSDPA users (connections) released due to congestion– pmNoOfTermHsCong & pmNoOfIurTermHsCong

146

hsdpa principles [compatibility mode]

Documents

channel structure3

h t i hsdpa

ms tti

dedicated channel

channel structure4

shorter tti

codes sf

hsdpa features