101 Safty Fundamentals

101 Safety Fundamentals

1. Define the following procedural terms.

a. Shall. Has been used only when application of procedure is mandatory.

b. Should. Has been used only when application is recommended.

c. Will. Has been used only to indicate futurity, never to indicate any

degree of requirement for application a procedure.

2. State the precautions to be observed when applying external electrical power.

Be sure that all personnel and equipment are clear of all possible danger, if hydraulic power is to be turned on, it should be turned on after electrical power is turned on. Electrical power should always be turned of last. Before applying electrical power to helicopter make sure helicopter is grounded.

3. State the safety precautions to be observed during a hot refuelling evolution.

Check for hot brakes. Hot refuelling shall not be performed if a hot brake condition exist. Fuel shall be recirculated / flushed through refuelling hose and tested for contamination prior fuelling the first aircraft each day.

4. Discuss the safety procedures during ground run-up.

Wear ear and eye protection. Ensure fod free area. Ensure fire-fighting equipment is available. Ensure sufficient clearance for main rotor and tail rotor. Establish communication between helicopter and ground crew prior to ground runup.

5. Discuss the general requirements for each of the following NAVOSH programs.

a. Respiratory Protection: A trained respiratory program manager shall be appointed in writing by the CO. Personnel shall be provided and use the appropriate equipment. Personnel shall be fit tested and medically qualified to wear the respirator being used.

b. Hearing Conservation: The goal of the navy hearing conservation program is to prevent occupational hearing loss and ensure auditory fitness for duty in the military and civilian workforce. Work environments shall be surveyed to identify potential hazardous noise levels and personnel at risk. The use of personnel hearing protective devices to limit noise exposure is considered to be an interim protective measure while engineering control methods are being implemented. Periodic hearing testing shall be conducted to monitor the effectiveness of the hearing conservation program.

c. Sight Conservation: In order to establish a sight conservation program, eye hazardous exposures including areas, occupations, equipment, and processes shall be identified and appropriate controls implemented.

d. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Each activity shall assess all workplaces to determine if hazards are present that necessitate the use of PPE. It such hazards are present, or likely to be present, the following actions shall be accomplished. Select and have each employee use the types of PPE that will protect the affected employee form the hazards identified in the hazard assessment. Communicate selected decisions to each affected employee. Verify that the required workplace hazard assessment has been performed through a written certification that identifies the work place evaluated.

6. Identify the radioactive hazard area and state the safety precautions associated with each:

a. Ice detector system: The ice detector system uses a radioactive probe (Strontium 90) that is installed in the heater inlet duct. Handling of, contact with, and exposure with in six inches of radioactive BIM (IBIS) pressure indicator should be avoided except in accordance with and unless required by specific instruction detailed in these locations. Leather gloves and eye protection (safety glasses goggles, or face shield) should be worn upon exposure within six inches of indicator and handling of or contact with indicator. There must be a protective cover on indicator whenever helicopter is not on flight line in an up status.

b. In-flight blade inspection system: In flight blade inspection system uses a pressure indicator with radioactive source (Strontium 90) that is installed in root end of each main rotor blade.

102 Aircraft Characteristics and Capabilities Fundamentals

1. Discuss the performance capabilities of the aircraft to include

a. Maximum gross weight: The gross weight with or without external load is 69,750 lbs.

b. Maximum airspeed: The maximum authorized forward flight speed is 150 KIAS.

c. Maximum single point external cargo capacity: The single point suspension external cargo hook is limited to 25, 000 lbs.

d. Maximum tow tension: 25,000 lbs with surge up to 30, 000 lbs

2. Discuss the emergency exits.

Pilot and copilot jettisonable windows, Emergency escape hatches (three), Cargo door window, Personnel door, Emergency exit window, aft, one on each side.

3. State the following aircraft capacity for transporting personnel.

a. Troop seats: 55 troops. 17 on the right, 20 on the left 18 in the middle.

b. Litter provisions: 24 pole type litters. The litters are arranged in six tiers of four litters each.

4. State the purpose of the following cargo handling equipment

a. Cargo winch. A variable speed hydraulically driven, electrically controlled cargo winch is provided for cargo operations. Provides at least 80 feet of useable stainless steel cable winch capacity is 5000 lbs. at all speeds.

b. Cargo conveyer assembly. The cargo conveyer assembly consists of two reversible conveyers recessed into the cargo compartment floor and ramp. The conveyers are designed to support 2200-pound load on 48-inch pallet. The conveyers consist of a series of rollers to aid the loading of pallets or other general cargo.

103 Aircraft Handling Fundamentals

1. Discuss the requirements for Auxiliary Power Plant (APP) operations during aircraft movement afloat.

2. Discuss the responsibility of ground personnel in the event of an aircraft wheels up landing.

Select a level, soft spot, if possible, with no obstructions and guide pilot in landing using best ground to helicopter communication available. If there is enough time, spread soft objects such as mattresses that will support sponson and hull on touchdown. Man portable fire extinguishers. Remove injured personnel, install safety pins, and remove survival equipment.

3. State the wind restrictions for spreading / folding the main rotor blades.

Blades should not be folded or unfolded in winds over 45 knots form any direction. When possible in winds over 20 knots, the aircraft should be positioned into the wind.

4. Identify the location of external mooring fittings (tie down points) on the aircraft.

There are four mooring rings. One is aft and outboard of each sponson, one is on each side of the fuselage aft of the electronic compartment.

5. Discuss the turn radius limitations of the nose wheel while towing.

Make certain helicopter is moving before turning nosewheel and do not turn nosewheel more than 90 deg.

6. Discus the position and responsibility of the move crew.

a. Director. Overall in charge of the move

b. Brake rider. Ensures the brakes system works

c. Tractor or spotting dolly driver. Drives the tractor or dolly

d. Port side chock walker, wing walker, or safety observer.

e. Starboard side chock, wing walker, or safety observer

f. Tail safety observer

7. Discuss the following aircraft hand signals

a. Fire

b. Wave off

c. Brake/hold

d. Stop

e. Blade spread/fold

f. Pylon spread/fold

g. Droop stops in/out

h. Hot breaks

I. Engage / disengage rotors

j. Engine start stop

k. Forward

l. Turn left/right

8. Discuss the caution concerning aircraft movement after electrical power is removed.

If possible wait at least 20 minutes after electrical power has been shut down before towing, to make certain vertical gyros have completely stopped.

9. Discuss the ground procedures for a dragging wheel brake (hot brakes).

Man portable fire extinguishers, install landing gear safety pins and auxiliary tank safety pins with warning streamers

10. State the safety precautions associated with manual tail rotor pylon fold.

Make sure area is clear or personnel and ground equipment. Clear area between aft of fuselage bulkhead and tail pylon bulkhead during spread / fold cycles unless pylon is on fold side over center position or external supports are installed to secure pylon. To avoid damage to helicopter do not fold/spread pylon manually in winds over 15 knots. If winds are over 15 knots tail rotor shall be manually secured before pylon fold/spread. Winds over 15 knots may cause the tail rotor positioning actuator cam to fail and the tail rotor to spin uncontrollably when tail rotor drive shaft is uncoupled.

104 Airframes Fundamentals

1. State the purpose of a hydraulic patch test.

The purpose of a hydraulic patch test is used to evaluate contamination levels in Naval Aircraft hydraulic systems and related support equipment. Acceptable class levels. Aircraft-Class 5

Support Equipment-Class 3

2. State the precautions that must be observed during aircraft jacking.

Do not jack helicopter while engines or main rotor blade are in operations, ensure all circuit breakers are in desired position for maintenance to be done and FM antenna is at retract, disconnect tow bar from helicopter, do not remove ground safety lockpins from landing gear struts while raising or lowering helicopter, during high or gusty winds helicopter must be tied down, ensure all personnel are clear of helicopter when lowering jacks.

3. Discuss the purpose of the main rotor blade damper.

The hydraulic dampers minimise the hunting movement of the blades about the vertical hinges as they rotate, prevent shock to the blades when the main rotor head assembly is started or stopped, and positions the blades against the lag stops after rotor shutdown.

4. Discuss the purpose for conducting flight control system rigging.

Object of rigging check is to identify properly co-ordinated pilot control input with resulting rotor blade movement. Correct rigging is essential for safe operation of helicopter and must be carefully done. Personnel doing the rigging should be trained in rigging flight control system.

5. State the definition of corrosion and the three degrees of corrosion.

Corrosion is the electrochemical deterioration of a metal because of its chemical reaction with its surrounding environment. Light corrosion, moderate corrosion, and severe corrosion.

6. Discuss the reasons for identifying corrosion prone areas.

Corrosion prone areas should be cleaned, inspected, and treated more frequently than less corrosion prone areas.

7. Discuss the importance of aircraft cleaning.

Aircraft cleaning is the first step in preventing aircraft corrosion. Prevent corrosion by removing salt deposits, other corrosive soils, and electrolytes. Maintain visibility through canopies and windows. Allow a thorough inspection for corrosion and corrosion prone areas. Reduce fire hazards by removal of accumulations of leaking fluids. Ensure aerodynamic efficiency of the aircraft.

8. State the purpose of a tactical paint scheme.

A color scheme designed for each aircraft type to reduce visual detection by matching the reflectance of operational surroundings. These schemes are composed of fat grey colors, or with contrasting shades of grey.

105 Propulsion Fundamentals

1. Define the following acronyms/abbreviations.

a. NR Rotor RPM

b. NF Power Turbine Speed

c. NG Gas Generator Speed

d. T5 Power inlet turbine temperature

e. T2 Compressor inlet temperature

f. OAT Outside air temperature

2. State the three models of the T-64 engine and their respective shaft horse power.

T64-GE-416 4380 SHP

T64-GE-416A 4380 SHP

T64-GE-419 4750 SHP Contingency capability power up to 5,000

SHP for up to two minutes.

3. State the types of fuel the T-64 uses.

JP4 NATO # F-40

JP5 NATO # F-44

JP8 NATO # F-34

4. State the types of fuel authorized for shipboard use.

JP5 NATO # F-44

5. State the purpose of engine compressor cleaning.

To increase efficiency of the engine.

This procedure is utilised when engine performance has deteriorated to an unacceptable level or whenever visual or boroscope inspection reveals the presence of an accumulation of carbon, dirt, or oilbased deposits, etc., that have built up within the engine. It compressor is heavily contaminated it may be necessary to increase concentration of cleaning solution.

6. State the goal of the Vibration Analysis Program.

The goals of this program are to use vibration analysis as a means to avoid catastrophic failures thereby increasing aircraft availability, reducing aircraft repair costs an improving aviation safety. To provide insight assistance in troubleshooting vibration discrepancies thereby reducing maintenance man hours, removal of serviceability components and help determine the cause of chronic failures. To prevent unnecessary periodic disassembly for inspection.

7. State the purpose of the main gearbox oil cooler.

The oil cooler cools the oil before it enters the gearbox, where it is sprayed into the gears and bearings through lubricating jets.

106 Avionics / Electrical Fundamentals

1. Discuss the principle of a thermocouple.

A junction or connection of two unlike metals. Such a circuit has two junctions. When one of the junctions is heated to a higher temperature than the other, an electromotive force is produced in a circuit. The circuitry averages the input of all system thermocouples, and sends this input to an indicator displaying temperature in degrees centigrade. Thermocouples are used in aircraft engines.

2. State the output of the aircraft generators in reference to the following.

a. Voltage: 115 VAC

b. Phase: Three-phase

c. Frequency: 400 HZ, normal rating of 40 KVA

3. State the purpose of the emergency exit lights.

The emergency exit lighting provide automatic emergency lighting when the helicopter DC electrical system fails, upon or impact of 10 gs or when Emerson switches at floor level are immersed in water.4. State the purpose of a digital multimeter.

Combines a voltmeter (measures AC/DC voltage which is electromotive force on electrical pressure), Ammeter (measures the amount of electron flow in amperes), and ohmmeter (measures resistance in ohms), in one circuit. It includes all necessary switches, jacks and additional devices arranged in a compact, portable case, utilizing one-meter movement.

5. Explain the basic principle of Doppler effects.

Electronically, the doppler effect is the apparent increase or decrease in frequency in a received signal that results from the following conditions.

a. The movement of either the transmitter or receiver, or both relative to each other.

b. The simuntaneous movement of a combined transmitter-receiver relative to each other, or relative to a fixed reflecting surface.

6. Define Ohms law. The current in an electric circuit is directly proportional to the electromotive force in the circuit. The most common form of the law is E=IR, where E is the electromotive force or voltage across the circuit, I is the current flowing in the circuit, and R is the Resistance of the circuit.

7. Discuss the primary function of the pitot Static system.

Pitot stands for impact pressure, which is pressure of the outside air against the aircraft flying through it. It is used for the airspeed indicator to interpret air pressure in terms of airspeed in knots. Static system is the static air around the tube, it is used for rate of climb and altimeter indications.

8. State the frequency ranges of the following

a. High Frequency (HF). (3-30 MHz)

b. Very High Frequency. (VHF) 30-300 MHz)

c. Ultra High Frequency. (UHF) 300-3000 MHz

107 Armament Fundamentals

1.State the purpose of the Explosive Handling Personnel Qualification and Certification Program.

It is the intent of this program to ensure that, prior to performing any task involving explosive devices, each person within the scope of this directive be certified, by the command or organizational unit to which he is assigned, as having satisfactorily demonstrated his qualifications to safely perform all required functions, tasks, or evolutions involving those explosive devices.

2.Define the term pyrotechnics.

- Pyrotechnics are fireworks adapted for military use. Therefore, pyrotechnics are items that produce their effects by burning and are consumed in the process. The word pyrotechnic means the art of fire.

- Pyrotechnic devices are dropped on the ground or water surfaces to emit smoke that is used to determine wind direction and approximate velocity, mark surface locations for search and rescue operations, establish an initial contact point for continued search for a submarine, etc.

3.State the purpose of the Airborne Weapons /Stores loading Manual.

- A positive approach to improve safety and reliability in the loading of conventional and nuclear weapons. This manual standardizes all respective loading procedures, but does not include flight procedures or tactical doctrine. If a conflict between this manual and the other publications exist, the provisions of this manual shall prevail until the conflict is resolved by NAVAIRSYSCOM.

- The weapon/stores loading checklist is an abbreviation of procedures found in the airborne weapons stores loading manual and are intended for use in loading operations.

4.State the purpose of the NAVAIR 01-700 publication.

- Airborne Weapons/Stores Publications index provides activities with a guide to ensure that all existing changes have been incorporated in conventional/special weapons checklist, stores reliability cards (SRC) an manuals on hand and that these publications are the most recent available.

H-53 ECM (ALE-39) 01-230HMA-75-22 01 DEC 96 0801-LP-006-7650

Chg 1 01 MAR 00 0801-LP-006-76515.State the purpose of a stray voltage check.

- A check for undesired voltage existing between two specific points of a weapon system that could possibly detonate ordnance upon loading and arming of the ordnance. Checked with a designated electric measuring device connected between the two points.

6.State the purpose of Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) and the four classifications.

- Provides the precautions and procedures for safe handling, transporting, and storing of electrically initiated ordnance when the possibility of exposure to radio-frequency (RF) environments exists. Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) is the program concerned with prevention of accidental ignition of electroexplosive devices (EEDs) in ordnance due to RF electromagnetic fields.- Safe: Any ordnance item that is sufficiently shielded, or otherwise so protected that all EEDs contained by the item are immune to adverse effects (safety or reliability) when the item is employed in its expected RF environments, provided that the general HERO requirements are observed. Percussion-initiated ordnance is exempt for HERO requirements.- Unsafe: Ordnance items containing EEDs, whose exposure to the RF environment may cause accidental initiation or detonation,- Susceptible: Any ordnance containing EEDs proven (by test or analysis) to be adversely affected by RF energy to the point that the safety and/or reliability of the system is in jeopardy when the system is employed in expected RF environments.- Unreliable: Ordnance items containing EEDs, whose performance is degraded due to exposure to the RF environment, which have not been classified as HERO SAFE or SUSCEPTIBLE by either test or design analysis108 Mine Warfare/Countermeasures Fundamentals.

1. Define the following.

a. MMF: Mobile Maintenance Facility.

b. RIB: Rigid hull Inflatable Boat.

The 24 RIB is a turbocharged diesel powered craft. It has an outdrive and a glass reinforced hull with an inflatable collar gunwale. I is used to support MK-105 Magnetic Minesweeping Missions.

Boat 1: Its purpose is to ensure that the route is free of obstructions that could interfere with or damage the MK-105 sled. It is also responsible for clearing the route of other marine traffic that could interfere with operations. It also delivers the Boat Trouble-shooter to the sled when directed.

Boat 2: Monitors the sled and sweep cables for proper operation and potential problems. Used as a tender during launch and recovery.

Boat 3: Used as a safety boat when necessary. The safety boat is recommended during LPD/LPH operations, in rough seas or in new op areas.

c. CESE: Civil Engineering Support Equipment

2. State the purpose of Mine Countermeasures (MCM)MCM operations are conducted in response to needs of force supported. Such needs can take different forms, depending upon the key factors influencing the force. For example the OTC may determine that the force must quickly transit through a minefield at the possible expense of some casualties. In another situation, the primary requirement might be that some area be made safe as possible from mines because it will be used on a long-term basis by military and commercial ships.

3. Define the following MCM operations:a. Offensive: Offensive MCM operations involve the prevention of enemy mining activities by direct attacks on mine stock piles and / or mine laying platforms.

b. Defensive: Defensive MCM operations are conducted to reduce the effectiveness of minefields.

4. Discuss the following MCM objectivesa. Breakthrough: The purpose of breakthrough objective is to minimise the threat to critical ship traffic, which must pass through a minefield in the limited time allocated by the OTC for MCM operations.

b. Exploratory: The purpose of exploratory objective is to determine if mines are present. If a mine is found in this phase, the MCM forces proceed directly to a reconnaissance operation in order to identify clear channels and / or the boundaries in the minefield.

c. Clearance: The goal of the clearing objective is to remove the mine threat form a designated area.

d. Attrition: The attrition objective is selected if the threat of minefields is maintained during the conduct of MCM and ship transits. The goal is to continually removing mines as they are added to the minefield so that the danger to transiting ships and SMCM ships is minimal.

5. Discuss the classification of mines in term of position underwater.

a. Moored: A moored mine is a buoyant charge case moored at a predetermined depth by means of a mooring cable attached to an anchor. The depth of the water in which this mine can be laid is limited by the length and weight of the mooring cable and the case crush depth.

b. Ground: A ground mine, formerly referred to as a bottom mine, rest on or can become buried in the seabed and is held in position by its own weight. Its firing mechanism is usually of the influenced type so it must be employed within a few hundred of likely targets.

c. Moving: Moving mines may be any of the following types. Drifting, Oscillating, creeping, mobile, homing, rising and bouquet mines.

6. Discuss the classification of mines in terms of actuation methods.

a. Contact; A contact mine is a mine, which is fired, by physical contact between the target and the mine case or an appendage such as an antenna.

b. Influenced: a mine, which is fired by the effect of a target-created influenced in the vicinity of the mine, or a radiation emanating from the mine.

c. Controlled: Mines that can be fired by either a cable or by transmitting a low frequency signal.

7. Discuss the following MCM risk directives.

a. Alpha: The primary concern is to minimise the risk to the MCM assets. The timely completion of the task is of secondary importance.

b. Bravo: Balances the risk to the MCM assets and the time available in order to complete the task.

c. Charlie: The primary concern is the timely completion of the task. Risk to MC assets is of secondary importance.

8. Define the following MCM termsa. Q-route survey: A process of searching and mapping all significant contacts along a pre planned dormant shipping lane or channel.

b. Precursor MCM operations: An operation in an area or channel is in relatively safe methods and techniques in order to reduce the risk to MCM vehicles

c. Leadthrough operations: An operation that assists traffic in the transit of parts of a mined area that has previously been subject to an MCM effort.

d. Mine Danger area (MDA): An area varying in size drawn around the position of each discovered mine for initial estimate of the minefield.

9. Discuss the following MCM action when entering suspected mined waters.

a. Passive: Passive is a void known minefields or applying self-protective measures to individual ships.

b. Active: The use of MCM forces to physically remove or disable mines.

10. Discuss the following terms as they apply to active MCM.

a. Mine hunting: Process of searching the sea bed/ or water volume for mines.

b. Minesweeping: Process of using either mechanical or influenced sweep gear.

c. Reaction to minesweeping: The lack of mines explosion after a period of minesweeping does not necessarily indicate that no mines are present.

d. Mine hunting and minesweeping relationship: The primary relation between mine hunting and minesweeping is governed by the nature, extent, and density of the threat.

11. Discuss the advantage of having an Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) detachment when entering suspected mined waters.

Personnel with special training and equipment who render safe influence ordnance.

12. Discuss the actuation principles of the following types of influence mine mechanisms.

a. Magnetic: A mine with a magnetic influence circuit that responds to the magnetic field of a ship.

b. Acoustic: A mine with an acoustic circuit that responds to the acoustic field of a ship or a mine sweep.

c. Pressure: In a naval mine warfare a mine whose circuit responds to hydro mechanical pressure field of a target.

d. Combination: A mine with a combination circuit design to actuate only when two or more different of the same influence are received simultaneously.

e. Seismic: A version of a passive acoustic mine that uses geophones to detect acoustic energy emanating from a ship.

201 Airframe System

1. Identify the principle dimensions of the aircraft to include

a. Length Folded/Spread: 71 ft o.2 in. / 99 ft 0.5 in.

b. Width folded/spread: 27 ft 7 in / 79 ft o in.

c. Height: 28 ft 4 in top of rudder, blade vertical, 18 ft 7 in. minimum, pylon folded

2. State the location of the following fuselage components

a. Upper cockpit.

b. Lower cockpit

c. Forward cabin.

d. Center cabin.

e. Aft cabin.

f. Aft fuselage.

g. Tail pylon

h. Stabiliser

I. Sponsons

j. Main rotor pylon

k. Ramp assembly

m. Overhead door assembly.

3. State the purpose of steps, handholds and walkways.

Aid in climbing and doing maintenance on the helicopter.

4. Discuss the following hydraulic systems.

a. 1st stage hydraulic power: The first stage hydraulic power system provides hydraulic power to assist in flight control. The first stage hydraulic system powers the first stage side of the main rotor servo.

b. Hydraulic in flight refill: The manual hydraulic in-flight refill system provides a means for in-flight refilling of the hydraulic system. Use of this subsystem is not restricted to flight operations and may be used at any time during flight or on the ground. The subsystem is used to replenish the first stage, second stage, utility and the NO.2 utility hydraulic power system.

c. Hydraulic Quantity indicating. The hydraulic quantity indication system allows in-flight monitoring of the hydraulic levels of the first stage, second stage, and utility 1 and utility 2 reservoir. the system contains fluid level sensors in each of the reservoir, and a hydraulic quantity status indicator in the cockpit instrument panel.

d. Overhead door and cargo ramp. The overhead door and cargo ramp system opens the cabin for the loading and unloading of cargo, mission equipment, or personnel. When the cargo ramp is lowered the overhead door retracts automatically. When the cargo ramp is closed the overhead door automatically extends down to meet the cargo ramp and forms a complete closure.

e. Pylon fold. Pylon fold system works in conjunction with the blade fold system to reduce the space required to store the helicopter. The pylon fold system folds the tail pylon forward alongside the fuselage, and the blade fold system folds the main rotor blades back along the top of the fuselage.

f. 2nd stage hydraulic power. The second stage hydraulic power system powers the second stage side of the main rotor servos.

g. Utility 1 hydraulic power. The utility hydraulic system provides those hydraulic functions not normally associated with helicopter flight controls, such as landing gear operation, blade and pylon fold, and cargo ramp and overhead cargo ramp and overhead door operations. It also supplies hydraulic pressure to the second stage side of the tail rotor servo and the second stage side of the AFCF servos.

h. Utility 2 hydraulic power. The NO.2 utility hydraulic power system is an independent system intended to supply hydraulic power to all AMCM mission peculiar equipment. This system provides subsystem hydraulic pressure for the tow winch pallet, tow boom actuator, tow boom dampners, sweep wire winch palet, and the davit motor.

5. Identify the function and location of the following flight control system components.

a. Collective Stick. Left side of the pilots seat operates simultaneously to change the collective pitch of the main rotor blades and change tail rotor pitch.

b. Cyclic stick. In the front of the pilots seat operates simultaneously to provide pitch and roll control.

c. Rudder pedals. In front of each pilot operate simultaneously to change the pitch /thrust of the tail rotor and subsequent the heading of the helicopter.

d. Mixing unit (control coupling). The mixing unit make these couplings: collective to yaw, collective to pitch, collective to roll, yaw to pitch, and yaw to roll. These couplings provide automatic proportional transfer between the axes when the appropriate control is moved.

e. Automatic Flight Control System (AFCF) servos. The four AFCS servos (pitch, roll, yaw, and collective) provide an interface between electrical inputs supplied by the AFCS computer, the pilots flight control an the mechanical flight control system.

f. Primary tandem servo cylinders.

g. Tail rotor control system. The system compensates for main rotor torque and permits changing the heading of the helicopter.

h. Swashplate assembly. The Swashplate assembly consists of a rotating Swashplate, driven by the main rotor hub assembly, and a stationary Swashplate that is secured to the main gearbox by a scissors assembly to prevent rotation.

I. Pitch control rods.

6. Describe the basic function of the following main rotor system components.

a. In flight blade inspection system (IBIS). The inflight blade inspection system consistes of seven pressure indicator, one for each blade a detector, a signal processor, to monitor each rotor blade for pressure loss. Th IBIS performs as a groung visual indicator and as a radiation device which activates a fuselage mounted detector in the event of blade spar pressure loss.

b. Main rotor head positioning system. Positions the main rotor head correctly for blade fold and pylon fold and engine start.

c. Main rotor head. The main rotor head is mounted directly to the output shaft of the main gearbox, consists of a hub assembly and a Swashplate assembly.

d. Main rotor blades. Provide the lift and trust necessary for flight of helicopter. There are seven airfoil shaped main rotor blades that are attached to extenders that are intern attached to the main rotor head.

7. Describe the basic function of the following tail rotor system components.

a. Tail rotor head: The tail rotor assembly privides yaw for the helicopter by varying the pitch of the blades by means of the pitch beam and link assembly.

b. Tail rotor blades: The tail rotor blades receive power from the output shaft of the tail gear box. Changes in the pitch of the blades are made through pitch change shafts that move through the tail gearbox and inside the output shaft.

c. Pitch control links: The links transmit movements required for blade pitch change from the pitch beam.

8. Describe the Pitch locking/flight Control Position Indicating system.

The pitch locking / flight control positioning locks the pitch of the main rotor blades at the proper angle for blade fold.

9. Describe the Blade/Pylon Fold system. The blade folds system works in conjuntion with the pylon fold system to reduce the space required to store the helicopter. The blade fold system folds the main rotor blades back along the the top of the fusalage, and pylon fold system folds the tail pylon forward alongside the fusalage.

10. Summarize the Landing Gear system description.

The landing gear system provides a method of electrically controlling and actuating the hydraulic system to extend or retract the heilcopter landing gear.

11. Summarize the Tail-Skid system description

The tail skid system when extended prevents the tail rotor blades from stiking the ground when landing helicopter in a nose high angle.

12. Summarize the Rescue/Utility Hoist system description.

The rescue.utility hoist system is a hydraulically operated hoist used to raise or lower equipment and personnel when necessary, while the helicopter is hovering.

13. Summarize the Cargo Winch system description.

The cargo winch system is hydraulically operated, electrically controlled winch motor used to move cargo in and out of the helicopter cabin area through the overhead door and ramp.

202 PROPULSION SYSTEM

1. State the purpose and identify the location of the Auxiliary Power Plant (APP).

Purpose enables ground starting of the engines and ground operation of the electrical and hydraulic systems.

2. State the purpose and identify the location of the T-64 engines.

To produce torque which is transmitted through the NO# 1 and NO#3 Nose gear box (NGB) and gimble assembly to the main gear box (MGB) here it is transmitted to the main rotor drive shaft and aft to the tail drive shaft.

a. 1 Engine is left side of the fuselage

b. 2 Engine is behind the main gear box (MGB)

c. 3 Engine is right side of the fuselage

3. Explain the function of the following T-64 engine section.

a. Torque sensor shaft: This assembly transmits power to the NGB from the NO#1 & 3 engine.

b. Compressor: It is a 14 stage compressor rotor assembly which compresses air for combustion.

c. Contains 12 nozzles to provide fuel to the compressed air. Contains two ignitors to ignite the charge during engine starts.

d. The turbine engine contains the gas generator and power turbine. The gas generator turbine drives the compressor. The power turbine drives the NGB from the #1 and #3 engine and the gimbal assembly from the #2 engine.

4. State the location and function of the following transmission system components.

a. NGB each are located fwd of the #1 and #3 engines. The purpose to reduce the engine rpm from 14,280 rpm to 6323 rpm for input to the main gear box (MGB).

b. Main gear box is mounted above the cabin. Provides output power to the main rotor head, tail rotor head, and accessory gear box.

c. Accessory gear box (AGB) is mounted fwd of the main gear box. It drives #1 and #3 generator, utility 1, and utility 2, second stage, engine start pump.

d. The intermediate gear box (IGB) is mounted at the base of the tail rotor pylon. The purpose is to change the angle of the drive & reduces rpm from 4271 rpm to 2628.

e. Tail rotor gear box (TRGB) is located at the upper end of the tail rotor pylon. The purpose is to provide power transmission through a right angle & reduction of rpm from 2628 rpm to 699.

5. State the location and function of the drive shafts and disconnect coupling.

The TRDC extends from the tail take off coupling flange at the accessory section of the MGB to the TRDC, from the TRDC to the IGB, from the IGB to the TGB. The TRDC is between the #6 and #5 TRDC shaft. The purpose of the TRDC shaft is to transmit engine torque to the TRH via the MGB, the TRDC allows for folding of the tail rotor pylon.

6. State the purpose of the Chip Detection system.

Provides a visual warning when it detects metallic chips in the engine gear box.

7. Describe the helicopter fuel system, and state the total fuel capacity.

Three independent section and pressure type fuel system. Total fuel in gallons is 3212.4. #1 914.6 #2 1383.2 #3 914.6

8. Explain the function of the Engine Air Particle Separator (EAPS) system.

Removes visible moisture, sand, dirt, and other FOD. Scavenges & expels FOD over

board.

203 Avionics/Electrical Systems

1. State the purpose of the following communication systems:

a. Inter Communication System (ICS): Distributes all audio signals on the helo

b. High Frequency (HF) Communication: Used for long range communications

c. Very High Frequency (VHF): Line of sight communications

Ultra High Frequency (UHF): Line of sight communications

d.Direction Finder (DF): Navigational aid used to navigate to another aircraft, ship, or ground station transmitting on UHF or VHF

e.Secure Voice (KY-58): To allow voice communication without detection

2. State the purpose of the following navigation equipment:

a. Tactical Air Navigation (TACAN): To navigate to and from points using radio

frequency towers or antennas some have distance measuring equipment (DME)

b. Global Positioning System (GPS): Almost like TACAN but uses satellites. Needs 3 stations

c. Precise Navigation System (PNS): Designed to facilitate control of the helicopter during AMCM operstions by providing the pilot with essential real-time minefield navigation information. Produces a simulated grid-line.

d. Low-Frequency Automatic Direction Finder (LF/ADF): An automatic direction finder that uses an AM band. No distance measuring equipment (DME)

e. Doppler: Speed over ground and drift angle

3. State the purpose of the following indicating and flight reference systems:

a. Radar Altimeter: Two modes land/sea used to tell how high above the terrain, uses radar signals

b. Barometric Altimeter: Gives altitude readings and uses atmospheric air pressure

c. Attitude Direction Indicator: Tells you the attitude of the aircraft, simulated horizon the ball

d. Horizontal Situation Indicator: A Navigational Instrument that provides a plan view of the Navigation situation as if the pilot was looking form above the helicopter. The HSI uses Navigation Data from various sources to present the pilots with a symbolic display to aid the pilot in arriving at a predetermined point.

e. Air Speed: Tells you the air speed, ram air into the tube

f. Attitude Heading Reference System (AHRS): Gives indications to the ADI and HSI

4. State the purpose of the following electrical power system components:

a. Alternating current (ac) generators: Provides 3 phase 115 VAC at 400 HZ

b. Direct current (dc) converters (transformer rectifier): Transforms 115 to 28 VDC

5. State the purpose of the Fire Detection system.

Comprised of Infared detecting devices in the engines and APP. Warns Pilots and crew of engine and APP fires.

6. State the purpose and the actuation methods of the following fire extinguisher systems:

a. APP/Heater: It is mechanical activated and used to put fires out in the APP/Heater area

b. Engine Compartment: Electrical discharged, and used to put out fires in the engine compartments the have a main and reserve

7. State the purpose, colour, and location of the following exterior lights:

a. Anti-collision: Red and white mounted on the tail and under the cockpit, Used for aircraft recognition

b. Position: Green for starboard, red for port mounted on each sponson, white on tail. Used for aircraft position

c. Rotor headlight: White mounted forward of the swashplate to aid identify droop stop position at night.

8. State the function of the Digital Automatic Flight Control System (DAFCS).

Electro-hydro-mechanical system used to assist the pilot in handling and manoeuvring the aircraft by entering corrections and control signals into the flight controls.

204 Armament System.

1. State the purpose of the following Cartridge Actuating Devices (CADS):- CADs create gas pressure to initiate or activate a system or subsystem for a desired result.

a. Hoist: An electrically operated guillotine type cartridge controlled by switches in the cockpit (pilot/copilot) and cabin (Crew). Allows the pilot, copilot or crewmember to cut the hoist cable if the hook becomes entangled in surface obstacles and cannot be released. One per aircraft.

b. Fire Bottle: Electrically actuated to discharge the fire bottles. There are two cads on each MK-105 Sled. There are two cads per engine (total of 6).

c. Cargo Hook: (Explosive Separator) Electrically actuated to separate the pendant and hook from the frame.

d. Guillotine: Electrically actuated used to cut the sweep and tow wires in the event of an emergency. Attached to tow cable(s) after the tow ball has been inserted into the hook. One port and one stbd.

e. AN/ALE-39: Electrically actuated to dispense a selectable mix of jammers, flares and chaff. Dispenses Electronic Counter Measures (ECM) by means of generating gas pressure behind the device and propelling it outward from the aircraft.

2. State the purpose of the AN/ALE-39 countermeasures dispensing set:

Provides effective countermeasures against radar-guided weapons system and/or infrared seeking missile targets. System consists of:

1) Pilot and Copilot switches on the collective stick

2) Countermeasures Dispensing Control and Dispenser Control panel

3) Programmer

4) Sequencer in each ECM pod (left and right)

5) Pods aft of the sponsons. 30 tubes in each for the ECM. (left and right)

3. State the purpose of the following marine Location Markers (MLM):a. MK 25 MLM: To provide day or night reference points, marking that calls for smoke or flame for a period of 13.5 to 18.5 minutes.

b. MK 58 MLM: To provide day or night reference points, marking that calls for smoke or flame for a period of 40 to 60 minutes.

4. Identify the mounting locations and state the purpose of the XM-218 (.50 cal) machine gun.

The gun mount provisions are located so that one weapon may be fired through the port forward escape hatch and the upper half of the personnel door.

Its primary purpose is for mine destruction.

205 WARFARE MISSION AREA

1. State and discuss your commands mission statement.

Deploy within 72 hours and perform mine countermeasures operations.

2. Define the following acronyms:

Mission Priority:

a. AAWAnti air warfare.

Secondary

Utilize chaff and/or flares for incoming missile avoidance.

b. CCCCommand/Control/Communications. Primary

c. FSOFleet Support Operations.

Primary

d. MIWMIne Warfare.

Primary.

e. INTINTelligence.

Secondary.

f. LOGLOGistics.

Primary.

g. MOBMOBility.

Primary.

3. Define the Required Operational Capabilities (ROC) for fleet Helicopter Mine Countermeasures (HM) squadrons.

Operate a 10 aircraft MH-53 integrated airborne mine countermeasures squadron consisting of 6 active and 4 reserve aircraft capable of maintaining a seven aircraft 72 hour rapid response posture. Generic to HM squadrons.

4. Define the Projected Operational Environment (POE) for fleet HM squadrons.

Operate a 10 aircraft MH-53E integrated airborne mine countermeasures squadron, consisting of 6 active and 3 three reserve aircraft from fixed land base, aircraft carriers, and amphibious aviation ships. Specific information pertaining to HM-15.

5. What is the primary and secondary mission of the MH-53E?

Primary:Aircraft Mine Countermeasures which includes minesweeping, mine neutralization, mine hunting, floating mine destruction, channel marking and surface towing of surface craft and small ships.

Secondary:Utility mission involving the movement of cargo and equipment and the transportation of passengers. Capable of rescuing personnel during an over water or over land hover.

206 Mine Warfare / Countermeasures Mission Area

1. Discuss the following Mine warfare (MIW) area systems:

a. MK 103 Moored Minesweeping: Moored minesweeping system that contains mechanical sweep gear and cutters for sweeping moored mines.

-One tow wire with tow ball

-Two port Mk-2 otters (inboard/outboard)

-One lead float (Mk-19 Mod1)

- Lead float pendant (4 of chain)

-Two starboard Mk-2 otters (inboard/outboard)

-Two inboard sweep wires

-Various length of pendants

-Two outboard sweep wires

-Swivels and attaching hardware

-Four marker floats with staffs

The position of the lead float and the length of the pendants control the depth of the sweep. The MK-17 cutters are used with the gear. A multi winch is used with this system. You need a minimum of 5 crew to do this mission.

b. AN/AQS-14 Mine Detection: Sonar detecting set consists of five racked mountable units, a tow cable, and an unmanned submersible sonar towed body. You need a minimum of 5 crew to do this mission.

AMCM Operator Control Console:

Unit 1 - Monitor: The single T.V. monitor provides a real time continuous moving window.

Unit 5 - Power Supply: Receives power from the input panel of the A/C. Supplies power and BYTE date to the other units and the towed body.

Unit 4 - Recorder/Reproducer: Records sonar data for display on the monitor. Can be played back at normal or 16x speed. Search option selection available at beacon eject position, mark subject or preset time.

Unit 2 - Control and Processor Control Panel: Controls the towed body and displays vehicle status. (speed, depth altitude, beacons remaining and roll and wing angles.

Unit 6 - Tow Cable: Single, flexible, double armoured, coaxial cable carrying power and data signals. 950 long. Tow balls at 400 and 950. Normal tension = 4000 lbs. Max steady tow = 6500 lbs. First 350 is faired reducing vibration and noise. The tow cable is stored in a Single Winch.

Unit 8 Connecting Cables: Interconnecting cables associated with the console to provide power and data to the respective components.

Towed Body (Fish) Unit 7: Nose cone, center power, center electronics, beacon and tail sections. The Transducer Pod assembly is attached to the underside of the fish and houses the port and starboard receiving elements and their preamps.

Davit: Utilised to stream and recover the towed body from the helicopter. Operated by the Ramp man.

c. MK 105 Magnetic Influence Minesweeping: Is a magnetic influence device, which is not carried in the helicopter but is streamed from a surface vessel or a beach sight. It consists of 3 major subsystems.

-The platform

-Cable assembly

-Countermeasure set

During mission operation, the system is controlled from the Control Programmer and Junction Box. You need a minimum of 3 crew to do this mission. A multi winch is rigged with this system but is primarily used with the MK-104 devices.

d. AN/SPU-1W Magnetic Influence Minesweeping: It is a 30 foot orange pipe, weighing 1000 lbs., having a 10-3/4 inch diameter filled with polystyrene foam. There is a 2 inch white stripe which indicates north end of the pipe, and a stabiliser chain assembly 40 ft, 3/8 inch wire rope with a 15 ft of 3/4-inch chain. The device is given a magnetic charge prior to operations. Externally carried from a surface vessel or a beach site to the minefield. Then it is attached to the Mk1 Mod 0 rope by means of a transfer pendant.

-Can be towed in tandem (up to three in line)

-Utilises 800 of Mk1 Mod 0 5/8 nylon-polypropylene rope

-You need a minimum of 4 crew to do this mission

-A multi winch is used with this system.

e. MK-104 Acoustic Influence Minesweeping: It is an acoustic minesweeping device which all equipment is carried inside the helicopter. It consists of:

-One nylon/polypropylene towline with tow ball pre wrapped on the streaming winch drum

-One davit assembly

-Two MK 104s.

-You need a minimum of 3 crew to do this mission.

-A multi winch is used with this system rigged with Mod O line.

f. AN/ALQ-141 Acoustic Influence Minesweeping: It is a countermeasures system that provides a unique device to search and sweep for acoustic influence mines. It consists of:

-Transducers

-Hydrophones housed in a towed body, which is deployed, towed, and retrieved by the MH-53E.

-A Single winch is used with this system.

2. Discuss the following as it pertains to AN/AQS-14:

a. Built In Test Equipment: Used to self test all 5 units, the towed vehicle and cable. There are 11 self-test positions

b. Altitude Mode: Enables the towed vehicle to operate altitude above the bottom sea floor.

c. Depth Mode: Enables the towed vehicle to operate depth below the surface

3. Discuss the following as it pertains to Mk-105:

a. Hydrofoils: When speeds are above 9 to 11 knots, they provide the hydro dynamic supports for the platform. 45 to 60 seconds for foils to completely go down or up.

b. Mk-17 mod 2 magnetic mine sweeping cable: The cables are energized so that the inboard electrode is always positive and the outboard is negative the inboard always corrodes, needs to be replaced after 20 hours of operation. It consists of:

-450 ft length of buoyant, insulated S cable assembly

-Two 150 ft of buoyant, un-insulated electrode cable assembly

-One 4-ft flexible insulated pigtail cable assembly

c. Mobile winch drum: It stores, pays out, and retrieves the Mk-17-sweep array

d. Rigid Inflatable Boat: To provide support for the Mk-105 sled by tending the Electro mag tails, keep unauthorised personnel away from the sled and carry trouble-shooters

e. Mk-104: Can be attached to the MK 105 at the 450 electrode to become a MK 106 mission

f. Mission Fuel: Enables the aircraft to refuel the Mk 105 sled while being under tow. Fuel transfer rate is 3 gpm.

4. Discuss the following as it pertains to AMCM:

a. Stub ramp: Contains integral provisions for AMCM equipment mounting and serves as an AMCM deployment platform

b. Aperture guard: Provides a tow window, which restricts motion of the tow cable to keep it from contacting the tail rotor, chafing the ramp, and catching the sides of the ramp or helicopter structure

c. Tow boom: Located centre line in the helicopter used to tow the AMCM sweep equipment

d. Multi winch: Used only for Mk-103, Mk-104, Mk-105 and AN/SPU-1W missions.

-Structure limits 10,700 lbs.

-Stalls at 3500-5000 lbs.

-Slips at 5000 lbs. and above

e. Single winch: Used for mine hunting missions AN/AQS-14, and AN/ALQ-141

-Structure limits 40,000 lbs.

-Stalls at 2040 lbs.

-Slips at 2940 lbs.

f. Tow panel: Contains controls for various tow mode functions

-MCM tension

-Tow transfer hook selections

-SKEW angle indication selections

-Anti collision beacon selection

-Tow guillotine arming

-Audio/Visual warning system

g. MCM Mirrors: Each rotates 15 deg downward to provide visibility under the sponsons

h. Air-to-Air transfer system: Is used in conjunction with the streaming winch to the AMCM tow cable to transfer to another helicopter when necessary. It contains:

-400 ft of transfer cable

-50 ft of transfer pendent

-A diverter

-A delta wing depressor.