history of computer language
TRANSCRIPT
By: Claire Daiynes V. Pama
Is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer.
Programming languages can be used to create programs that control the behavior of a machine and/or to express algorithms precisely.
The earliest programming languages predate the invention of the computer, and were used to direct the behavior of machines such as Jacquard looms and player pianos.
Most programming languages describe computation in an imperative style, i.e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that support functional programming or logic programming, use alternative forms of description.
Year NameChief developer,
CompanyPredecessor(s)
1949 C-10 Betty Holberton ENIAC Short Code
~1837 Analytical Engine order code
Charles Babbage and Ada Lovelace *
1948 Curry notation system Haskell Curry ENIAC coding system
1948 CPC Coding scheme Howard H. AikenAnalytical Engine order code
1949 Brief Code
John Mauchly and William F. Schmitt ENIAC Short Code
1946 Von Neumann and Goldstine graphing system (Notation)
John von Neumann and Herman Goldstine ENIAC coding system
1943–46 ENIAC coding system
John von Neumann, John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, Herman Goldstine after Alan Turing *
1947 ARC Assembly Kathleen Booth[1][2] ENIAC coding system
1943–45 Plankalkül (concept) Konrad Zuse *
1948 Plankalkül (concept published)
Konrad Zuse *
1946 ENIAC Short Code
Richard Clippinger, John von Neumann after Alan Turing ENIAC coding system
1949 Seeber coding scheme (concept)
Robert Seeber CPC Coding scheme
Year Name Chief developer, Company Predecessor(s)
1950Short Code
William F Schmidt, A.B. Tonik,
J.R. Logan Brief Code
1950Birkbeck Assembler Kathleen Booth ARC
1951Superplan Heinz Rutishauser Plankalkül
1951ALGAE
Edward A Voorhees and Karl Balke *
1951Intermediate Programming Language
Arthur Burks Short Code
1951Regional Assembly Language Maurice Wilkes EDSAC
1951Boehm unnamed coding system
Corrado Böhm CPC Coding scheme
1951Klammerausdrücke Konrad Zuse Plankalkül
1951OMNIBAC Symbolic Assembler Charles Katz Short Code
1951Stanislaus (Notation) Fritz Bauer *
1951Whirlwind assembler
Charles Adams and Jack Gilmore at MIT Project Whirlwind EDSAC
1951Rochester assembler Nat Rochester EDSAC
1951Sort Merge Generator Betty Holberton *
1952A-0 Grace Hopper C-10 and Short Code
1952Autocode
Alick Glennie after Alan Turing CPC Coding scheme
1952Editing Generator Milly Koss SORT/MERGE
1952COMPOOL RAND/SDC *
1953Speedcoding John W. Backus *
1953READ/PRINT
Don Harroff, James Fishman, George Ryckman *
1954Laning and Zierler system
Laning, Zierler, Adams at MIT Project Whirlwind *
1954Mark I Autocode Tony Brooker Glennie Autocode
1954–55 Fortran (concept)Team led by John W. Backus at IBM Speedcoding
1954ARITH-MATIC Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC
A-0
1954MATH-MATICTeam led by Charles Katz A-0
1954MATRIX MATH H G Kahrimanian *
1954IPL I (concept)Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon *
1955FLOW-MATIC Team led by Grace Hopper at UNIVAC
A-0
1955BACAICM. Grems and R. Porter
1955PACT I SHARE FORTRAN, A-2
1955–56 Sequentielle Formelübersetzung Fritz Bauer and Karl Samelson
Boehm
1955–56 IT Team led by Alan Perlis
Laning and Zierler
1955PRINT IBM
1958IPL II (implementation)Allen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon IPL I
1956–58 LISP (concept) John McCarthy IPL
1957COMTRAN Bob Bemer FLOW-MATIC
1957Fortran I (implementation)John W. Backus at IBM FORTRAN
1957–58 UNICODERemington Rand UNIVAC MATH-MATIC
1957COMIT (concept) *
1958Fortran IITeam led by John W. Backus at IBM FORTRAN I
1958ALGOL 58 (IAL) ACM/GAMM
FORTRAN, IT and Sequentielle Formelübersetzung
1958IPL VAllen Newell, Cliff Shaw, Herbert Simon IPL II
1959FACTFletcher R. Jones, Roy Nutt, Robert L. Patrick *
1959COBOL (concept) The CODASYL CommitteeFLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN, FACT
1959JOVIAL Jules Schwartz at SDC ALGOL 58
1959LISP (implementation) John McCarthy IPL
1959MAD – Michigan Algorithm Decoder
Arden, Galler, and Graham ALGOL 58
1959 TRAC (concept) Mooers
Year Name Chief developer, Company Predecessor(s)
1960ALGOL 60 ALGOL 58
1960COBOL 61 (implementation) The CODASYL CommitteeFLOW-MATIC, COMTRAN
1961COMIT (implementation) *
1962Fortran IV FORTRAN II
1962APL (concept) Iverson *
1962Simula (concept) ALGOL 60
1962 1962Simula (concept) ALGOL 60
1962SNOBOL Griswold, et al.FORTRAN II, COMIT
1963 1963CPL Barron, Strachey, et al.
ALGOL 60
1963 1963SNOBOL3 Griswold, et al. SNOBOL
1963 1963ALGOL 68 (concept) van Wijngaarden, et al.
ALGOL 60
1963 1963JOSS I Cliff Shaw, RAND
ALGOL 58
1964MIMIC H. E. Petersen, et al. MIDAS
1964COWSEL Burstall, Popplestone CPL, LISP
1964PL/I (concept) IBMALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
1964BASIC Kemeny and Kurtz FORTRAN II, JOSS
1964IBM RPG IBM FARGO
1964Mark-IV Informatics
1964Speakeasy-2 Stanley Cohen at Argonne National Laboratory
Speakeasy
1964TRAC (implementation) Mooers
1964 IITRAN
1965MAD/I (concept) University of Michigan
MAD, ALGOL 60, PL/I
1965TELCOMP BBN JOSS
1966JOSS II Chuck Baker, RAND JOSS I
1966ALGOL WNiklaus Wirth, C. A. R. Hoare ALGOL 60
1966Fortran 66 FORTRAN IV
1966ISWIM (Concept) Landin LISP
1966CORAL66 ALGOL 60
1967BCPL Richards CPL
1967MUMPS Massachusetts General Hospital
FORTRAN, TELCOMP
1967APL (implementation) Iverson *
1967Simula 67 (implementation)
Dahl, Myhrhaug, Nygaard at Norsk Regnesentral ALGOL 60
1967InterLispD.G. Bobrow and D.L. Murphy Lisp
1967SNOBOL4 Griswold, et al. SNOBOL3
1967XPL
W. M. McKeeman, et al. at University of California Santa Cruz, California
PL/IJ. J. Horning, et al. at Stanford University
1968
ALGOL 68 (UNESCO/IFIPstandard)
A. van Wijngaarden, B.J. Mailloux, J.E.L. Peck and Cornelis H. A. Koster, et al. ALGOL 60
1968POP-1 Burstall, Popplestone COWSEL
1968DIBOL-8 DEC DIBOL
1968Forth (concept) Moore
1968LOGO Papert LISP
1968MAPPER Unisys CRT RPS
1968REFAL (implementation) Valentin Turchin *
1969PL/I (implementation) IBMALGOL 60, COBOL, FORTRAN
1969B
Ken Thompson, with contributions from Dennis Ritchie BCPL
1969PPLThomas A. Standish at Harvard University
1969SETL
Jack Schwartz at Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences
1969 TUTOR Paul Tenczar & University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Year NameChief developer,
CompanyPredecessor(s)
1970Forth (implementation) Moore
1970POP-2 POP-1
1970Pascal Wirth, JensenALGOL 60, ALGOL W
1971KRL
Daniel G. Bobrow at Xerox PARC, Terry Winograd at Stanford University KM, FRL (MIT)
1971Sue
Holt et al. at University of Toronto Pascal, XPL
1972Smalltalk Xerox PARC Simula 67
1972PL/MKildall at Digital Research PL/I, ALGOL, XPL
1972C Dennis Ritchie B, BCPL, ALGOL 68
1972INTERCAL
Don Woods and James M. Lyon *
1972Prolog Colmerauer 2-level W-Grammar
1972SQL aka structured query language
IBM Ingres
1973COMALChristensen, Løfstedt Pascal, BASIC
1973ML Robin Milner
1973LISIchbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull Pascal, Sue
1973Speakeasy-3
Stanley Cohen, Steven Pieper at Argonne National Laboratory Speakeasy-2
1974GRASS DeFanti BASIC
1974BASIC FOUR MAI BASIC Four Inc. Business BASIC
1975ABCLeo Geurts and Lambert Meertens SETL
1975Scheme Sussman, Steele LISP
1975Altair BASIC Gates, Allen BASIC
1975CS-4Miller, Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics
ALGOL 68, BLISS, ECL, HAL
1975Modula Wirth Pascal
1976Plus Allan Ballard, Paul Whaley at the University of British Columbia
Pascal, Sue
1976Smalltalk-76 Xerox PARC Smalltalk-72
1976SAM76 Claude A.R. Kagan LISP, TRAC
1976Ratfor Kernighan C, FORTRAN
1976SJohn Chambers at Bell Labs
APL, PPL, Scheme
1977FP John Backus *
1977Bourne Shell (sh) Bourne *
1977Commodore BASIC Jack Tramiel Licenced from Microsoft
1977IDLDavid Stern of Research Systems Inc Fortran
1977Standard MUMPS MUMPS
1977Icon (concept) Griswold SNOBOL
1977Green
Ichbiah et al. at CII Honeywell Bull for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68, LIS
1977Red
Brosgol et al. at Intermetrics for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68, CS-4
1977Blue
Goodenough et al. at SofTech for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68
1977Yellow
Spitzen et al. at SRI International for US Dept of Defense ALGOL 68
1978 MATLAB
Moler at the University of New Mexico *
1978 SMALL
Brownlee at the University of Auckland Algol60
1978VisiCalc
Bricklin, Frankston marketed by VisiCorp *
1979Modula-2 Wirth Modula
1979REXX Cowlishaw PL/I, BASIC, EXEC 2
1979AWKAho, Weinberger, Kernighan C, SNOBOL
1979Icon (implementation) Griswold SNOBOL
1979Vulcan dBase-II Ratliff *
Year Name Chief developer, Company Predecessor(s)
1980Ada 80 (MIL-STD-1815)Ichbiah at CII Honeywell Bull Green
1980C with classes Stroustrup C, Simula 67
1980–81 CBASIC Gordon Eubanks
BASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research
1981IBM BASICA Microsoft BASIC
1982 Speakeasy-IV Stanley Cohen, et al. at Speakeasy Computing Corporation
Speakeasy-3
1982 Draco Chris Gray Pascal, C, ALGOL 68
PostScript Warnock InterPress
1983GW-BASIC Microsoft IBM BASICA
1983Ada 83 (ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A) Ichbiah at Alsys Ada 80, Green
1983C++ Stroustrup C with Classes
1983True BASICKemeny, Kurtz at Dartmouth Colleage BASIC
1983occam David May EPL
1983 ABAP SAP AG COBOL
1984CLIPPER Nantucket dBase
1984Common Lisp Guy L. Steele, Jr. and many others
LISP
1984 GOM – Good Old Mad Don Boettner, University of Michigan
MAD
1984 Korn Shell (ksh) David Korn sh
1984RPL Hewlett-Packard Forth, Lisp
1984Standard ML ML
1984Redcode
Alexander Dewdney and D.G. Jones
1985PARADOX Borland dBase
1985QuickBASIC Microsoft BASIC
1986CorVision Cortex INFORM
1986Eiffel Meyer Simula 67, Ada
1986GFA BASIC Frank Ostrowski BASIC
1986Informix-4GL Informix
1986LabVIEW National Instruments
1986Miranda
David Turner at University of Kent
1986Objective-C Brad Cox Smalltalk, C
1986Object Pascal Apple Computer Inc. Pascal
1986PROMAL C
1987Ada ISO 8652:1987 ANSI/MIL-STD-1815A unchanged
Ada 83
1987Self (concept) Sun Microsystems Inc.
Smalltalk
1987occam 2David May and INMOS occam
1987HyperTalk Apple Computer Inc. *
1987Perl Wall C, sed, awk, sh
1987Oberon Wirth Modula-2
1987ErlangJoe Armstrong and others in Ericsson Prolog
1987Mathematica Wolfram Research *
1987Turbo Basic Robert 'Bob' Zale BASIC/Z
1988Octave MATLAB
1988Tcl Ousterhout Awk, Lisp
1988STOS BASIC
François Lionet and Constantin Sotiropoulos BASIC
1988Object REXX Simon C. Nash REXX1988SPARK Bernard A. Carré Ada1988A+ Arthur Whitney APL
1989Turbo Pascal OOP Hejlsberg at BorlandTurbo Pascal, Object Pascal
1989Modula-3Cardeli, et al. DEC and Olivetti Modula-2
1989PowerBASIC Robert 'Bob' Zale Turbo Basic
1989 VisSim Peter Darnell, Visual Solutions
Year NameChief developer,
CompanyPredecessor(s)
1990AMOS BASIC
François Lionet and Constantin Sotiropoulos STOS BASIC
1990AMPL
Robert Fourer, David Gay and Brian Kernighan at Bell Laboratories
1990Object Oberon
H Mössenböck, J Templ, R Griesemer Oberon
1990JIverson, R. Hui at Iverson Software APL, FP
1990Haskell Miranda
1990EuLisp Common Lisp, Scheme
1991GNU EDavid J. DeWitt, Michael J. Carey C++
1991Oberon-2 Hanspeter Mössenböck, Wirth
Object Oberon
1991Python Van RossumABC, ALGOL 68,[4] Icon, Modula-3
1991OzGert Smolka and his students Prolog
1991Q Albert Gräf
1991 Visual BasicAlan Cooper, sold to Microsoft
QuickBASIC
1992 Borland PascalTurbo Pascal OOP
1992 Dylanmany people at Apple Computer Inc.
Common Lisp, Scheme
1993? Z Shell (zsh) ksh
1993?Self (implementation)
Sun Microsystems Inc.
Smalltalk
1993 Brainfuck Urban Müller P′′
1993 FALSE Wouter van Oortmerssen
Forth
1993Revolution Transcript HyperTalk
1993AppleScript Apple Computer Inc. HyperTalk
1993K Arthur Whitney APL, Lisp
1993Lua
Roberto Ierusalimschy et al. at Tecgraf, PUC-Rio
Scheme, SNOBOL, Modula, CLU, C++
1993R
Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka S
1993ZPL Chamberlain et al. at University of Washington
C
1993NewtonScript Walter Smith Self, Dylan
1994ANSI Common Lisp Common Lisp
1994RAPID ABB Group ARLA
1994Pike Fredrik Hübinette et al. at Linköping University
LPC, C, µLPC
1994ANS Forth Elizabeth Rather, et al. Forth
1995Ada 95S. Tucker Taft, et al. at Intermetrics, Inc. Ada 83
1995Borland Delphi
Anders Hejlsberg at Borland Borland Pascal
1995ColdFusion (CFML) Allaire
1995Java
James Gosling at Sun Microsystems
C, Simula 67, C++, Smalltalk, Ada 83, Objective-C
1995LiveScriptBrendan Eich at Netscape Self, C, Scheme
1995PHP Rasmus Lerdorf Perl
1995Ruby Yukihiro Matsumoto Smalltalk, Perl
1996Curl David Kranz, Steve Ward, Chris Terman at MIT
Lisp, C++, Tcl/Tk, TeX, HTML
1996JavaScriptBrendan Eich at Netscape LiveScript
1996Perl Data Language(PDL)
Karl Glazebrook, Jarle Brinchmann, Tuomas Lukka, andChristian Soeller APL, Perl
1996NetRexx Cowlishaw REXX
1996Lasso Blue World Communication
1997Component PascalOberon microsystems, Inc Oberon-2
1997E Mark S. Miller Joule, Original-E
1997Pico Free University of Brussels Scheme
1997Squeak SmalltalkAlan Kay, et al. at Apple Computer Inc. Smalltalk-80, Self
1997ECMAScript ECMA TC39-TG1 JavaScript
1997F-Script Philippe MouginSmalltalk, APL, Objective-C
1997ISLISP ISO Standard ISLISP Common Lisp
1997Tea Jorge Nunes Java, Scheme, Tcl
1997REBOL Carl Sassenrath, Rebol Technologies
Self, Forth, Lisp, Logo
1998Standard C++ ANSI/ISO Standard C++ C++, Standard C, C
1998Open Source Erlang Ericsson Erlang
1998M2001 Ronald E. Prather, Trinity University (Texas)
*
1998Pikt Robert Osterlund (then at University of Chicago)
AWK, Perl, Unix shell
1999XSLT (+ XPath) W3C, James Clark DSSSL
1999Game Maker Language(GML) Mark Overmars Game Maker
1999Harbour Antonio Linares dBase
Year Name Chief developer, Company Predecessor(s)
2000Join Java G Stewart von Itzstein Java
2000Joy von Thun FP, Forth
2000D Walter Bright, Digital Mars C, C++, C#, Java
2000XL Christophe de Dinechin Ada, C++, Lisp
2000C#Anders Hejlsberg, Microsoft (ECMA)
C, C++, Java, Delphi, Modula-2
2000Ferite Chris Ross
C, C++, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scheme
2001AspectJ Xerox PARC Java
2001ProcessingCasey Reas and Ben Fry Processing
2001Visual Basic .NET Microsoft Visual Basic
2002Io Steve Dekorte Self, NewtonScript
2003Nemerle University of Wrocław C#, ML, MetaHaskell
2003Factor Slava Pestov Joy, Forth, Lisp
2003Scala Martin Odersky
Smalltalk, Java, Haskell, Standard ML, OCaml
2003Squirrel Alberto Demichelis Lua
2004Subtext Jonathan Edwards *
2004Alma-0 Krzysztof Apt, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
*
2004BooRodrigo B. de Oliveira Python, C#
2004Groovy James Strachan Java
2004Little b Aneil Mallavarapu, Harvard Medical School, Department of Systems Biology
Lisp
2005F#Don Syme, Microsoft Research
Objective Caml, C#, Haskell
2006Links
Philip Wadler, University of Edinburgh Haskell
2006Cobra ChuckEsterbrookPython, C#, Eiffel, Objective-C
2006Kite Mooneer Salem *
2006Windows PowerShell MicrosoftC#, ksh, Perl, CL, DCL, SQL
2006OptimJ Ateji Java
2007Ada 2005 Ada Rapporteur Group Ada 95
2007Fantom Brian Frank, Andy FrankC#, Scala, Ruby, Erlang
2007Vala GNOME C#
2007Clojure Rich HickeyLisp, ML, Haskell, Erlang
2007Oberon-07 Wirth [5] Oberon
2008Pure Albert Gräf Q
2009Seccia Sylvain Seccia *
2009Go Google C, Oberon, Limbo
2009CoffeeScript Jeremy AshkenasJavaScript, Ruby, Python
Year NameChief
developer, Company
Predecessor(s)
2010 FancyChristopher Bertels
Smalltalk, Ruby, Io, Erlang
2011 Dart GoogleJava, JavaScript, CoffeeScript, Go
Python is a general-purpose, high-level programming language whose design philosophy emphasizes code readability. Python claims to "[combine] remarkable power with very clear syntax", and its standard library is large and comprehensive. Its use of indentation for block delimiters is unique among popular programming languages.
QBasic is an IDE (integrated development environment-provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development) and interpreter for a variant of the BASIC programming language which is based on QuickBASIC. Code entered into the IDE is compiled to an intermediate form, and this intermediate form is immediately interpreted on demand within the IDE.
It can run under nearly all versions of DOS ( Disk Operating System) and Windows, or through DOSBox(an emulator software that emulates an IBM PC compatible computer running MS-DOS)/DOSEMU ( a compatibility layer software package that enables MS-DOS systems, DOS clones ), on Linux and FreeBSD. For its time, QBasic provided a state-of-the-art IDE, including a debugger with features such as on-the-fly expression evaluation and code modification
Source: www. Wikipedia.com