helping young people to have flourishing mental health€¦ · corey keyes’ model of mental...
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Helping Young People to have Flourishing Mental Health
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What is Mental Health?
“a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.”
World Health Organization
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What is Mental Health?
“a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.”
World Health Organization
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Corey Keyes’ Model of Mental Health
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What is Flourishing?
Three Parts:
1. The Pleasurable Life – positive emotions and activities done for pleasure
2. The Good Life – Positive functioning in Relationships, Work, Play
3. The Meaningful Life – including positive social functioning
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What is Flourishing?
Three Parts:
1. The Pleasurable Life – positive emotions and activities done for pleasure
2. The Good Life – Positive functioning in Relationships, Work, Play
3. The Meaningful Life – including positive social functioning
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What is Flourishing?
Three Parts:
1. The Pleasurable Life – positive emotions and activities done for pleasure
2. The Good Life – Positive functioning in Relationships, Work, Play
3. The Meaningful Life – including positive social
functioning
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What is Flourishing?
Three Parts:
1. The Pleasurable Life – positive emotions and activities done for pleasure
2. The Good Life – Positive functioning in Relationships, Work, Play
3. The Meaningful Life – including positive social
functioning
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What is Languishing?
The absence of Flourishing/Happiness:
1. Negative sense of well-being
2. Not functioning in:
– Relationships
– Work
– Play
3. No sense of meaning or purpose
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What is Moderate Mental Health?
Two types:
1. Settling – High Well-Being, Low Functioning
2. Striving – High Functioning, Low Well-Being
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Flourishing
1. Emotional Well-Being (“The Pleasurable Life”)
2. Psychological Well-Being (“The Good Life”)
3. Social Well-Being (“The Meaningful Life”)
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Flourishing: The Pleasurable Life
– Flourishing and Emotional Well-being vs. feeling “happy”
– Flourishing is characterized by a normal range of emotions including sadness when sad things happen or fear if you are in danger.
– Flourishing feelings also include: Gratitude, Serenity, Interest, Hope, Pride, Amusement, Inspiration, Awe, Love, Satisfaction, Peace, Calm
– AND….
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How to encourage more positive emotional well-being
– Positivity ratio 1 to 3 (Fredrickson)
– How we experience an event depends on what we think
– Encourage savouring using mindfulness.
– Make time for fun
– Practice Gratitude
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The science of happiness video
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Flourishing
1. Emotional Well-Being (“The Pleasurable Life”)
2. Psychological Well-Being (“The Good Life”)
3. Social Well-Being (“The Meaningful Life”)
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Flourishing: The Good Life
– The realization of one’s own potential
– The ability to function well
– Can occur across various domains: relationships, work, play
– Characterized by vital engagement and “flow.”
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What is Flow?
– Being “in the zone”
– Time stands still and flies at the same time.
– Present in the moment
– Loose sense of self and you are immersed in the task
– Intense yet relaxed
– “Joyful Absorption”
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How to help International Students find Engagement
– Provide a variety of options and help students connect with things they may find intrinsically motivating (relationships, work, play)
– Help them think about and set goals that are meaningful for them
– Notice their growth and achievement
– Help them to set appropriate challenges that are well matched to the young person’s level of skill and interest
– Allow for time to engage that is relatively free from distraction
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Flourishing
1. Emotional Well-Being (“The Pleasurable Life”)
2. Psychological Well-Being (“The Good Life”)
3. Social Well-Being (“The Meaningful Life”)
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The Meaningful Life
– Desire for meaning is a basic human motivation and viewed as necessary for long term happiness.
– meaningfulness = positive functioning + life satisfaction/happiness
– meaninglessness = psychological distress + disengagement
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Four areas of Life Meaning
– Achievements/work (being committed to one’s work, believing in its worth, and liking challenge)
– Relationships/intimacy (Relating well to others, trusting others, and being altruistic and helpful)
– Religion/spirituality (sense of ultimate purpose, ethics, commitment to a higher power and seeking the divine in daily experience. “the recognition of a transcendent, meta-empirical dimension of reality and the desire to establish a relationship with that reality.)
– Self-transcendence/generativity (contributing to society, leaving a legacy, and transcending self-interest.)
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Meaning is Created from “Flow”
Sources: – Identification with the domain (Relationships,
Work, Play)
– A feeling of solidarity with the field and its practitioners
– A self-image arising from one’s own practice
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Storytelling and Meaning
– How do we narrate our lives?
– How do we create meaning from our experiences?
– TED talk – Emily Esfahani Smith – There’s More to Life than Being Happy
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Emily Esfahani Smith video – The Difference Between a Meaningful Life and a Happy Life
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What keeps some International Students from Flourishing?
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Stressors for International Students
– “Culture shock” – differences in social norms, food, attitudes, etc.
– Homesickness – loss of familiarity, security, connection (not necessarily “home”).
– Weather
– Racism and discrimination
– Language
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Stressors for International Students
– Isolation and loneliness
– Worries about family (financial, parent’s mental health)
– Academic pressure (from self or family)
– Change of role in the family (interpreter, caregiver, advisor)
– Living a “dual culture” with one set of norms at home and another at school or with friends.
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How are you helping International Students to have Flourishing Mental Health?
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Helpful Websites
Mind your Mind
https://mindyourmind.ca/wellness/taking-joy-simple-things
Foundry
https://foundrybc.ca/supporting-others/supporting-a-friend/supporting-friends-mental-wellness/
Kids Help Phone Website
https://kidshelpphone.ca/
Stress Hacks
http://www.stresshacks.ca/links.html#ymhc
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References
Carney, P. (2015). Well aware: Developing resilient, active, and flourishing
students. Toronto, ON: Pearson.
Emmons, R. A. (2003). Personal Goals, Life Meaning, and Virtue:
Wellsprings of a positive life. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 105-125). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2009). Positivity. New York, NY: Three Rivers Press.
Haidt, J. (2003). Elevation and the positive psychology of morality. In C.
L.M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 275-289). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
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References
Keyes, C. L.M. (2014, November). Flourishing: The fourth aim of Education.
Paper presented at Mental health and wellness: Educating for
action organized by Manitoba Association of School Superintendents, Winnipeg, MB.
Keyes, C. L.M. (2003). Complete mental health: An agenda for the 21st
century. In C. L.M. Keyes & J. Haidt(Ed.), Flourishing:Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 293-312). Washington, DC:American Psychological Association.
Nakamura, J., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2003). The construction of meaning through vital engagement. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishinng: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 83-102).
Mental health first aid Canada: For adults who interact with youth (Mental
Health Commission of Canada, Comp.). (2010). Mental Health Commission of Canada.
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References
– Piliavin, J. A. (2003). Doing Well By Doing Good: Benefits for the benefactor. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 227-243). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
– Rising to the challenge: A strategic plan for mental health and well-being of Manitobans(Government of Manitoba, Comp.).(2011). http://www:gov.mb.ca/health/mh/challenge.html
– SoulPancake (Producer). (2013). Gratitude = happiness:science of happiness [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/ The science of
happiness. On Gratitude = happiness: The watch?v=oHv6vTKD6lg
– TED Talks (Producer). (2017). Emily Esfahani Smith: There is more to life than being happy. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/emily_esfahani_smith_there_s_more_to_life_than_being_
happy?language=en
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References
TED Talks (Producer). (2004). Martin Seligman: The new era of positive
psychology. On Martin Seligman: The new era of positive psychology[Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/martin_seligman_on_the_state_of_psychology?language=en
Westerhof, G. J., & Keyes, C. L.M. (2009). Mental illness and mental health:
The two continua model across the lifespan. Journal of Adult Development, 17, 110-119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10804-009-9082-y