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Go to the Biology Teacher Page http://www.ramonausd.net / •High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology •Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA Protein lesson Workflow: File > Make a Copy > Rename> Take notes

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Page 1: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Go to the Biology Teacher Pagehttp://www.ramonausd.net/

•High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology•Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA Protein lesson

Workflow:File > Make a Copy > Rename> Take notes

Page 2: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

DNA, RNA, to Protein

Page 3: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

So far, we have discussed

DNA DNA • This was called _______________. • The basic idea is that we are copying the DNA.

Page 4: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Summarize the process of DNA Replication.

Page 5: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

How does DNA store hereditary information?????

Page 6: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

• DNA stores all of the instructions needed to make all of the proteins in an organism.

Its makes you, who you physically are!!!!

Page 7: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

The Flow of genetic information in cells:

DNA RNA protein Location:

Nucleus nucleus to cytoplasm cytoplasm

Page 8: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

What is RNA??– A nucleic acid

STRUCTURE– Single stranded– Sugar is ribose– Nitrogen bases

• Adenine – Uracil• Cytosine – Guanine

Journal: How is RNA structurally different from DNA?

Page 9: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

What are some differences between RNA and DNA?

RNA DNA

1. Sugar is ribose

2. One strand

3. Uracil

4. Can be found in the nucleus or the cytoplasm

1. Sugar is deoxyribose

2. Two strands

3. Thymine

4. Can only be found in the nucleus

Page 10: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

3 types of RNA 1. mRNA (messenger RNA)

– Sends information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm

2. rRNA (ribosomal RNA)– Assembles the amino acids to make proteins

3. tRNA (transfer RNA)– Delivers amino acids to the ribosome

Page 11: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

What is Protein Synthesis and where does it take place?

• The making of proteins and it takes place on the ribosomes

Page 12: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

DNA RNA protein step 1 step 2

Step 1: Transcription - DNA to RNA Step 2: Translation- RNA to Proteins

Page 13: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Step 1: Transcription• The process of creating an RNA copy from

DNA• Where does Transcription take place?The nucleus

Page 14: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

How does Transcription happen?1. In the nucleus, enzymes unzip a part of DNA

that is to be transcribed2. RNA nucleotides that are complementary to

the DNA strand pair up. 3. The RNA nucleotides bond to each other

creating a single strand4. The RNA breaks away and heads for the

cytoplasm5. The DNA zips back up.

Page 15: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA
Page 16: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

RNA Processing

Not all parts of DNA carry information (give direction for making protein)

Introns: Non-coding parts of DNAExons: Coding parts of DNA

New RNA contains both parts, Introns and Exons, but the Intron are removed before the mRNA leaves the nucleus! (This is RNA Processing)

Page 17: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA
Page 18: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

The mRNA message• Codon: group of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that

codes for 1 amino acid.

What does the RNA codonAUG code for?

Page 19: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Step 2: Translation

• The process of converting the mRNA message into an amino acid sequence (protein)

Where does Translation take place?On ribosomes in the cytoplasm

Page 20: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

What joins the amino acids together to form a protein?

• A peptide bond joins amino acids to make a polypeptide chain.

Page 21: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Where do the amino acids come from floating in the cytosol of our

cells?

• The food we eat (proteins)

Page 22: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

What are some important proteins that we make?

Functional Proteins1. Hemoglobin -found in our red blood cells;

function in carrying oxygen2. Antibodies -help fight off viruses and

bacteria that invade the body.3. Enzymes -control chemical reactions in the

body.

Page 23: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

What are some important proteins that we make?

Structural Proteins1. Keratin -water proofing protein on our skin.2. Actin and Myosin -proteins which make up

our muscles3. Collagen- found in cartilage and other

connective tissue

Page 24: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Journal• What are the DNA to RNA base paring

rules????

• DNA to RNA• A U• T A• C G• G C

Page 25: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Transcription/ Translation Practice

• Transcribe the DNA to RNA• Translate the resulting RNA sequence into the

amino acid sequence

DNA: TAC AAA GCT TCA GGC CCT GAT ATCmRNA: AUGAminoAcids:

Page 26: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Transcription/ Translation Practice

• Transcribe the DNA to RNA• Translate the resulting RNA sequence into the

amino acid sequence

DNA: TAC AAA GCT TCA GGC CCT GAT ATCmRNA: AUGAminoAcids: MET

Page 27: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Transcription/ Translation Prcatice

• Transcribe the DNA to RNA• Translate the resulting RNA sequence into the

amino acid sequence

DNA: TAC AAA GCT TCA GGC CCT GAT ATCmRNA: AUG UUU CGA AGU CCG GGA CUA UAGAmino

Acids: Met Phe Arg Ser Pro Gly Lue Stop

Page 28: Go to the Biology Teacher Page  High Schools> MVA> Teacher Pages > Williams > Biology Select the link: Student Version DNA RNA

Time to practice!!!!