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The role of productive forests and trade of forest products in sustainable development
Gerhard Dieterle, Executive Director, ITTO
Tropical forest degradation: geography of carbon density change
A. Baccini et al. Science
2017;science.aam5962
• Tropical forests are a net release of
carbon of 425.2 ± 92.0 Tg C yr–1
(losses of 861.7 ± 80.2 Tg C yr–1 and
gains of 436.5 ± 31.0 Tg C yr–1 from
forest growth)
• Losses result from (i) deforestation
and (ii) reductions in carbon density
within standing forests (degradation)
accounting for 68.9% of overall
losses
Large impact of forest management and grazing on global vegetation biomass • Land management effects (forest
management and grazing) contribute 42-47 % to the reduction of C stocks
• On-site preservation of carbon stocks on managed forests and raising the contribution of biomass to raw material and energy supply for CC mitigation
Increasing global wood demand
Increasing Gap for Industrial Roundwood
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1900
Sawn Logs&Sheet1!$9:$9 VeneerLogs
Energy Wood
Household EnergyWood
Total Wood Demand
2010 2050 2030
WWF 2012
Mill m3
IFC 2013
Increasing global demand for wood
IFC/Dieterle et al. 2015
4
Increasing global wood demand
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Africa
South Asia
Middle East and North Africa
Latin America and Caribbean
Europe and Central Asia
East Asia and Pacific
Australia, Japan, New Zealand
European Union (27) + 3
North America
Primary energy supply in MTOE
Traditional uses (wood) Traditional uses (agricultural residues)
Production of heat and power Internal use in forestry and agricultural processing
2005
2030Demand in woodfuel and charcoal continues to increase • 2.8 billion people will depend on
traditional fuels in 2030 • Massive increase in demand for energy
wood in industrialized countries
IFC/Dieterle et al. 2015
5
Projected HWP supply gap in 2040 under current conditions
- Supply gap in six case countries -
World Bank, 2015
Employment benefits of the Green Growth Scenario
Mitigation potential of the Green Growth Scenario
- Six Case Countries -
Potential of forest for achieving NDCs –important for transition countries–
Peak)
2015 (INDC)
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
CO
2 E
mis
sio
ns
Time
Simulation: roughly sequestration and substitution effects in tropical forests
Multiple-benefits of common forestry practices
CL
Conservation
Plantations
SFM
Agroforestry C stock
Csequestration
Csubstitution
Biodiversity
Socialservices
Environmental services
Profitiablity
Multiple wins from sustainable forest supply chains
• Economic growth
• Poverty reduction
• “Wood security”
• Additional climate mitigation benefits: Emission reduction + CO2 removals+ substitution + storage:
Potential is up to 8GtCO2/year
• Increased environmental/biodiversity benefits
• Global water regime
Overview of the forest supply chain
Source: WWF & IIASA 2012.
Actively promote sustainable production & consumption of wood products, NTFPs & NTFS in international and domestic markets
Intervention Area ITTO Service Offer
Policies Creating awareness across international forest regime; policy processes, broad public about the role of productive role forests and forest products in a green economy: Poverty alleviation, economic/rural development, climate, biodiversity, social
Incentives Urgent need for fiscal and taxation incentives as stimulants for massive investments in tropical forest landscape restoration Joint WB – ITTO initiative
Rules of the game Promote/facilitate conversion towards universal criteria for legal and sustainable supply chains; Reduce complexity for producers and consumers: economic, environmental, social
Information and capacity building
Support and assist with information, data and skills throughout supply chains: producers and consumer government, traders, processors, markets
Tracking and verification Piloting innovative tracking and verification technology
Assist private sector initiatives
Encouraging/promoting/piloting private sector initiatives for green supply chains (from legality to sustainability)
Policies: Why Green Supply Chain Initiatives are important Consumer countries Tropical timber producing countries
• Foreign investment by progressive wood industry will focus on low-risk countries to ensure legality and sustainability.
• Consumer countries will become increasingly self-sufficient: increasing North-South trade
• Market share of chemically & mechanically modified softwood (e.g. Kebony, acetylated wood, compressed softwood) eroding the demand and market share for tropical hardwood will decrease.
• Public and political acceptance of tropical timber will further erode if GSC is not done.
• Demand for verification of legality and sustainability will become the “norm” in an increasing number of countries.
• REDD+ approach needs to be complemented: access to investment finance, fiscal/tax/other incentives, capacity building, public-private partnerships etc.
• Tropical timber producing countries will face increased demand for verified legal and sustainable timber.
• Risk of losing global market access for tropical timber is imminent; Increased trade deficit.
• Without addressing emerging domestic supply gaps of timber and wood-based energy many tropical countries will
– Depend increasingly on non-renewable materials (steel, concrete, fuels)
– Risk of increased deforestation/degradation
– Depend increasingly on imports from the North.
• Reduced risks and increased attractiveness for foreign investment in
• Urgent investments, incentives and capacity building in SFM and green supply chains needed.
Green supply chains and the role of ITTO
Global Green Supply Chain Initiative (GGSC) Beijing, June 2018
• GGSC members: Currently 12 progressive Chinese wood importing and processing enterprises.
• GGSC secretariat: CINFT / NFGA (National Forest and Grassland Administration, previously SFA).
• GGSC promotion committee: GGSC secretariat, ITTO, China timber and wood products distribution association, Green carbon foundation, (open for enterprises to join).
• GGSC expert group: ITTO TAG, CINFT.
• External stakeholders / supporters: MOFCOM, GIZ Forest Policy Facility, TNC, etc.
Working with partners: SW4SW Initiative: FAO, ITTO, WB, WWF http://www.fao.org/forest
ry/sustainable-wood/en/
Mexico: a major producer and consumer of coniferous timber in LAC… • The fourth producer of coniferous roundwood in LAC 5.2 million m3 (6% of the region total)
• The third producer of coniferous sawnwood in LAC 2.2 million m3 (11% of the region total)
• The first producer of coniferous veneer in LAC 300 000 m3 (35% of the region total).
• The third producer of coniferous plywood in LAC 185 000 m3 (5% of the region total)
These products are domestically consumed and Mexico was in 2016:
• The biggest importer of coniferous sawnwood in LAC 1.5 million m3 (53% of the region total)
• The biggest importer of coniferous plywood in LAC 382 000 m3 (54% of the region total)
…but a minor producer of tropical timber...
• The 11th producer of tropical logs in LAC 612 000 m3 (1% of the region total)
• The 11th producer of tropical sawnwood in LAC 149 000 m3 (2% of the region total)
• The 10th producer of tropical veneer in LAC 3000 m3 (1% of the region total).
• The 13th producer of coniferous plywood in LAC 3000 m3 (1% of the region total)
These products are domestically consumed as well. Nevertheless, Mexico was in 2016:
• The biggest importer of tropical plywood in LAC 140 000 m3 (60% of the region total)
... and a major exporter of wooden furniture
• The first exporter of wooden furniture in LAC $850 million (60% of the region total)
• The third biggest exporter of other SPWP (builder’s woodwork, mouldings, cane and bamboo ...)
$340 million (15% of the region total)
In 2016, Mexico was also:
• The biggest importer of wooden furniture in LAC $300 million (20% of the region total)
• The biggest importer of other SPWP (builder’s woodwork, mouldings, cane and bamboo ...)
$400 million (34% of the region total)
Mexico: major trends
• Mexico is a major producer and consumer of coniferous raw materials
• Despite being the first importer of tropical
plywood in the region, its weight in tropical products remain somehow small in LAC.
• Mexico is the biggest exporter of wooden
furniture in LAC but greatly depends on the US market (76% of its wooden furniture exports go to the US).
Mexico: potential of productive forest
• Mexico has committed to restore 8.5 million hectares of degraded land under the Bonn Challenge:
• If 1/3 of this commitment is dedicated to productive forest, Mexico could meet its demand for HWP while making a contribution to the NDC.
• The challenge is to develop/upgrade the wood processing industry, which heavily relies on imports.
• It is projected that Mexico will demand 70 million m3 by 2040 in HWP (sawnwood, wood-based panels, paper and paperboard): • Projected supply gap of 45 million m3 • The gap could be addressed by 2.6 million hectares of plantations (1.8
million hectares of short rotation –pulp and paper) • Availability of land remains a challenge
Mexico: potential of productive forest
Mexico: potential of productive forest
Mexico: potential of productive forest
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