general motors research & development electrical & controls integration lab wireless...

General Motors Research & Development Electrical & Controls Integration Lab

Wireless Networks for v2v and v2i Wireless Networks for v2v and v2i CommunicationCommunication

CMU Kick-off meetingCMU Kick-off meeting

01 March 200401 March 2004


2 Jay ParikhECI Lab

01 Mar. 2004

GM’s Global Telematics VisionGM’s Global Telematics Vision

Connected Vehicles…Connected PeopleConnected Vehicles…Connected People

Connected vehicles save our customers time, keep them Connected vehicles save our customers time, keep them in controlin control, , safesafe, , informed,informed, and entertained. When our and entertained. When our customers allow their connected vehicles to be part of a customers allow their connected vehicles to be part of a network, it makes everyone’s life better by generating network, it makes everyone’s life better by generating information that benefits everyone.information that benefits everyone.

ECI Focus:ECI Focus: Explore the feasibility, limitations and potentials of wireless Explore the feasibility, limitations and potentials of wireless networks to deliver networks to deliver real-time traffic information servicesreal-time traffic information services to to our customers and to demonstrate our customers and to demonstrate automotive safetyautomotive safety applications for GM vehiclesapplications for GM vehicles


3 Jay ParikhECI Lab

01 Mar. 2004

Network TopologyNetwork Topology

• GSM, CDMA, PCS, 2.5/3G• Wi-Fi (802.11x)• XM SatelliteU

biqu

ity

Traffic Probe Vehicle

Wireless Networks• Mobile Ad-hoc (Self-forming, multihop)


4 Jay ParikhECI Lab

01 Mar. 2004

Example Traffic Example Traffic ScenarioScenario

• Immediate spread of knowledge to surrounding vehicles within ad-hoc network

Exit

• Incidence notification to OnStar

• Information relay to other vehicles for dynamic route guidance


5 Jay ParikhECI Lab

01 Mar. 2004

ObjectivesObjectives

Safety:Safety:• Develop a cooperative collision warning strategy Develop a cooperative collision warning strategy

using V2V communicationusing V2V communication• Replace/enhance collision avoidance sensors for Replace/enhance collision avoidance sensors for

GM vehiclesGM vehicles

Telematics:Telematics:• Enable advanced telematics services through Enable advanced telematics services through

networknetwork• Create OnStar to the power of NCreate OnStar to the power of N


6 Jay ParikhECI Lab

01 Mar. 2004

Our Approach Our Approach

• Explore mobile ad hoc networkExplore mobile ad hoc network concept using concept using proprietary and standards based solutionsproprietary and standards based solutions

• Develop and Develop and demonstratedemonstrate active safety and active safety and possible telematics applications to possible telematics applications to assess assess feasibilityfeasibility and establish and establish requirementsrequirements

• Conduct researchConduct research to address network to address network performance, scalability and capacity using performance, scalability and capacity using analytical and simulation tools for real-world analytical and simulation tools for real-world scenariosscenarios

• Leverage expertiseLeverage expertise of our research partners and of our research partners and integrate the concept into GM vehiclesintegrate the concept into GM vehicles


7 Jay ParikhECI Lab

01 Mar. 2004

Mobile Ad Hoc Network SolutionsMobile Ad Hoc Network Solutions

• Proprietary Solution from Mesh Networks Proprietary Solution from Mesh Networks – 2.4 GHz unlicensed band2.4 GHz unlicensed band– Off-the-shelf hardware Off-the-shelf hardware – Proprietary routing and communication protocolsProprietary routing and communication protocols– Ready for quick integration and concept validationReady for quick integration and concept validation

• Standards - DSRC Standards - DSRC – 5.9 GHz licensed band5.9 GHz licensed band– FCC approval granted in Dec. 03FCC approval granted in Dec. 03– Communication protocols under developmentCommunication protocols under development– No commercial H/W available yetNo commercial H/W available yet– No plans for network routing protocolsNo plans for network routing protocols


8 Jay ParikhECI Lab

01 Mar. 2004

Our PlanOur Plan

• By Fall ’04:By Fall ’04:– Develop and demonstrate Rear-End, Intersection, Lane Develop and demonstrate Rear-End, Intersection, Lane

Change/Merge countermeasures and collect real-time vehicle Change/Merge countermeasures and collect real-time vehicle data using data using commercially available hardwarecommercially available hardware

– Conduct ad hoc network research to answer:Conduct ad hoc network research to answer:• Network performance, RF power control, network scalability, etc.Network performance, RF power control, network scalability, etc.

– Conduct network simulation research to answer: Conduct network simulation research to answer: • RF propagation model, data channel capacity, effect of vehicle RF propagation model, data channel capacity, effect of vehicle

density, etc. density, etc.

• By Fall ’05:By Fall ’05:– Integrate research results into concept vehicles Integrate research results into concept vehicles – Investigate possibility to enhance or replace DAS (Driver Investigate possibility to enhance or replace DAS (Driver

Assistance System) for production Assistance System) for production


9 Jay ParikhECI Lab

01 Mar. 2004

SafetySafetyApplicationsApplications

Safety WarningsCooperative V-V Collison Avoidance Emergency Electronic Brake Lights Cooperative Forward Collision Warning Blind Spot Warning Lane Change Warning Vehicle-to-Vehicle Road Condition Warning Vehicle-to-Vehicle Road Feature Notification Visibility Enhancer Highway Merge Assistant Cooperative Collision Warning Approaching Emergency Vehicle Warning

Post Collision and Other Safety Post-Crash Warning, e.g. ACN SOS Services

Collision Mitigation Pre-Crash Sensing for Cooperative Collision Mitigation, e.g. enhanced air-bags & seat-belts, truck/car compatibility, brake assist

Safety WarningsIntersection Collision Avoidance (Infrastructure-Assisted) Traffic Signal Violation Warning Stop Sign Violation Warning Left Turn Assistant Stop Sign Movement Assistant Intersection Collision Warning Pedestrian Crossing Information at Intersection Emergency Vehicle Signal PreemptionNon-Intersection Collision Avoidance (Infrastructure-Assisted) Curve Speed Warning – Rollover Warning Low Bridge Warning Low Parking Structure Warning Work Zone Warning Wrong Way Driver Warning Road Condition Warning Blind Merge Warning Highway/Rail Collision Warning

Normal Driving Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control In-Vehicle Signage In-Vehicle Amber Alert


10 Jay ParikhECI Lab

01 Mar. 2004

Example Application ScenariosExample Application Scenarios

V-V messages

Avoiding rear-end collision

Avoiding lane change collision

Vehicle brakes hard Collision mitigation

Traffic signal

Avoiding intersection collision



01 Mar. 2004

Vehicle as Traffic ProbeVehicle as Traffic Probe

• Vehicles periodically report its speed and position to a Vehicles periodically report its speed and position to a data center for real-time trafficdata center for real-time traffic

• Vehicles directly communicate with data centerVehicles directly communicate with data center• Data center must be capable of managing Data center must be capable of managing

communication channels and data from large number of communication channels and data from large number of vehiclesvehicles

• How can ad hoc network help?How can ad hoc network help?– Reduce communication requirements by aggregating and Reduce communication requirements by aggregating and

processing data from networked vehicles before reporting to data processing data from networked vehicles before reporting to data centercenter

– Reduce required data transferReduce required data transfer– Reduce dependability on infrastructureReduce dependability on infrastructure– Quickly spread emergency information among networked Quickly spread emergency information among networked

vehiclesvehicles



01 Mar. 2004

UC Berkeley / PATHUC Berkeley / PATH

• Demonstrate active safety applications - Fall ‘04Demonstrate active safety applications - Fall ‘04– Utilize 6 AHS vehicles (Buick) to demonstrate:Utilize 6 AHS vehicles (Buick) to demonstrate:

• Rear-end crash warningRear-end crash warning

• Intersection warningIntersection warning

• Lane change/merge warningLane change/merge warning

– Develop protocols and algorithms for cooperative situational Develop protocols and algorithms for cooperative situational awarenessawareness

• Establish communication content and performance requirementsEstablish communication content and performance requirements

• Develop and demonstrate warning / interface strategyDevelop and demonstrate warning / interface strategy

• Collect, analyze, and visualize dataCollect, analyze, and visualize data

– Implement using commercially available hardware solution from Implement using commercially available hardware solution from Mesh NetworksMesh Networks



01 Mar. 2004

Carnegie Mellon UniversityCarnegie Mellon University

• Create and demonstrate ad hoc network based on Create and demonstrate ad hoc network based on evolving DSRC standard capable of supporting safety evolving DSRC standard capable of supporting safety and telematics applications – Fall ‘04/05and telematics applications – Fall ‘04/05– Define latency requirements for:Define latency requirements for:

• Network connection and packet transmission/retransmissionNetwork connection and packet transmission/retransmission

– Determine network scalability and reliabilityDetermine network scalability and reliability• How many hops can ad hoc network reliably cover?How many hops can ad hoc network reliably cover?

– Optimize protocols for automotive environment Optimize protocols for automotive environment • Routing protocols - proactive, reactive and hybridRouting protocols - proactive, reactive and hybrid• Targeting or controlling a flood fillTargeting or controlling a flood fill• Adaptive power control for sparse/dense trafficAdaptive power control for sparse/dense traffic

– Develop algorithms to cooperate between Mobile IP, ad hoc Develop algorithms to cooperate between Mobile IP, ad hoc network and infrastructure network and infrastructure

– Demonstrate real-time vehicle data collection using ad hoc Demonstrate real-time vehicle data collection using ad hoc network and communication with infrastructurenetwork and communication with infrastructure



01 Mar. 2004

Hughes Research LaboratoryHughes Research Laboratory

• Develop and validate a cooperative 360Develop and validate a cooperative 360°° collision collision warning strategy through simulation - Dec ‘04warning strategy through simulation - Dec ‘04– Develop RF propagation model Develop RF propagation model – Simulate communications protocolsSimulate communications protocols– Evaluate channel capacity Evaluate channel capacity – Simulate network throughputSimulate network throughput– Simulate dense and sparse traffic conditions Simulate dense and sparse traffic conditions – Simulate ranging schemesSimulate ranging schemes– Integrate with CORSIM traffic simulator for real-world Integrate with CORSIM traffic simulator for real-world

traffic scenarios and validationtraffic scenarios and validation– Evaluate possible impact on traffic flow and vehicle Evaluate possible impact on traffic flow and vehicle

safetysafety



01 Mar. 2004

Ad Hoc Network for Active Safety and TelematicsAd Hoc Network for Active Safety and Telematics

R&D Approach:• Explore ad hoc network using commercial and

standards based solutions• Develop and demonstrate active safety and

telematics applications• Research to address network performance,

capacity and scalability using analytical and simulation tools for real-world scenarios

• Leverage expertise of our collaborative research partners and integrate the concept into GM vehicles

UC Berkeley / PATH:• Demonstrate active safety applications – Fall ’04

• Forward collision warning• Intersection warning• Lane change/merge warning

• Develop protocols and algorithms for situational awareness

• Implement using commercially available solutionBudget – 460kResources – 1 Faculty, 2 Res. Eng., 1 Grad Student

HRL:• Develop and validate a cooperative 360° collision

warning strategy via simulation – Dec. ’04• Develop RF propagation model• Simulate communication protocols• Simulate different traffic conditions• Simulate network throughput• Evaluate impact on traffic flow and vehicle safetyBudget – 275KResources – ¾ FTE

CMU:• Demonstrate based on DSRC – Fall ’04/05• Develop a test-bed using 5.8GHz 802.11a for:

• Real-time propagation model• RF channels management (control and data)

• Determine network scalability, reliability, latency• Develop and optimize routing protocols• Develop algorithms to cooperate between ad hoc

network & infrastructure for telematics applicationsBudget – CRL $$$Resources – 2 Faculty, 1 post doc, 4 grad students



01 Mar. 2004

Moving Vehicle ResultsMoving Vehicle Results

• 1 stationary, 1 dynamic antenna, with obstruction1 stationary, 1 dynamic antenna, with obstruction• Receiving vehicle ~ 40 mph, no lost packetsReceiving vehicle ~ 40 mph, no lost packets

v1

dy1

dx1



01 Mar. 2004


• 2 vehicles ~ various speeds, same direction 2 vehicles ~ various speeds, same direction • Distances up to 150 m, no lost packetsDistances up to 150 m, no lost packets

x

y

z

v1v2

dy1

dx1



01 Mar. 2004


• Various vehicle speeds, same direction, 150 m Various vehicle speeds, same direction, 150 m • Cut-in SUV, no lost packetsCut-in SUV, no lost packets

v1v2

dy1

dx1



01 Mar. 2004


• Highway, light traffic, 60mphHighway, light traffic, 60mph• Reception good, generally dependent on line of sightReception good, generally dependent on line of sight

v1v2

dy1

dx1

large truck blocking



01 Mar. 2004

Internal Project Plans for 2004 Internal Project Plans for 2004

• Investigate V-V communications and GPS as a Investigate V-V communications and GPS as a low-cost solution for remote sensing between low-cost solution for remote sensing between vehiclesvehicles

• Development of a 360 degree collision warning Development of a 360 degree collision warning strategy using V-V communicationsstrategy using V-V communications

• Analyze, develop and demonstrate prototype Analyze, develop and demonstrate prototype vehicle safety applications using V-V vehicle safety applications using V-V communicationscommunications



01 Mar. 2004

Issues and ChallengesIssues and Challenges

• Analysis of communication technologies and standardsAnalysis of communication technologies and standards• Network protocols for V-V communicationNetwork protocols for V-V communication• Standardized data messagesStandardized data messages• Communication channel capacity and availabilityCommunication channel capacity and availability• Infrastructure integrationInfrastructure integration• Range of coverage, intelligent power managementRange of coverage, intelligent power management• Interference, connection reliabilityInterference, connection reliability• Connection Latency Connection Latency • Security, PrivacySecurity, Privacy• (D)GPS/Map integration(D)GPS/Map integration• Antenna, etc.Antenna, etc.

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