S. cerevisiae + CO2 +

Malting g 3 5 7

MashingMalt adjunt

T 4 enz malt

1. 45 C 30 60 protease 2. 56 62 C 5 30 -amylase 3. 3 57 72 C 14 45 l -amylase 4. 4 75 80 C 5 10

wort

Wort

hops 1 5 2 1.5 .

wort 10 C 5 0 4 C 2 &

bottom yeast S. carlsbergensis S. cerevisiaeC6H12O6 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + glycerol acetic

ethanol + acid = esters

Clostridium butyric acid S. pastorianus Hansenula anomala Pediococcus Lactobacillus Acetobacter

(18 24 Brix, 0.4 0.6 %, pH 3.5 4.0)

(red 22 C, white 12 15 C)

Winemaking ProcessGrape picking Destemming Crushing Pressing Settling Fermentation Racking Fining Maturation Stabilization Aging Blending Filtration Bottling

S. cerevisiae Film yeast oxidize alc -> acid

Acetobacter alc -> acetic Lactic acid bacteria L. brevis acetic + CO2

Leuconostoc mesenteroides Leuc. Dextranicum Mucor, Penicillium, Aspergillus k i cork ttaintt

salami

probiotic p 6 cfu/g) (10 LAB Streptococcus thermophilus Lactobacillus bulgaricus

probiotics lactose

() ( Streptococcus thermophilus p p Lactobacillus bulgaricus 40 49 C

Lactic acid bacteria Strep. lactis p curd

Vinegar 3

Acetic acid 5 % cider Acetobacter, Gluconobacter

3 Starter 1/3 [alc] 7 13 % 5

Generator

4 10 (acetic acid ~ 11 %)

DAP, urea, peptone, y extract pp yeast

Submerged Process g

~ 36 .

starter

Yeast S. cerevisiae -> alc Gluconobacter, Acetobacter

T > 30 C MO Film yeast oxidize acetic

Dough, gluten

Koji = j Aspergillus oryzae p g y 25 30 C, 3

30 C, 3 [ ] 24 % 2 12 Protease, amylase

A. oryzae y LAB L. delbrueckii B. subtilis, Ped. halophilus S. rouxii

1 2 15 % 3 = 15 % 5 %

Single cell p g protein (SCP) S. cerevisiae

SCP 60 70 %

Scenedesmus acutus,, Spirulina maxima p CO2

Pseudomonas, Hydrogenomonas, Cellulomonas %

Candida utilis pH

Glutamate , MSG Corynebacterium y Lysine y

Dextran polysaccharide Leuconostoc p y mesenteroides

XanthanXanthomonas campestris

H f t ti Homofermentative LAB L t b ill Lactobacillus delbruekii, L. bulgaricus

citric acid Aspergillus niger + N

Amylase yRhizopus, Mucor, A. oryzae, A. niger, B. p y g subtilis

Invertase glu + fruc S. S cerevisiae

Protease B. subtilis, A. oryzae