experience with combined protection and control ieds

1G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question

Barcelona 12-15 May 2003

Experience with Combined Protection and Control IEDs

Traditional panel with analogue relays and traditional control

Modern panel with numerical multi-function relay

1



Transfer of external complexity into the IED

Library

Output Signals

Logic Elements(Gates, Timers, ...)

Input Signals from Substationor from Internal Functions

CFC

Continuous Function Chart

as per IEC 1131

1



Transfer Time in the Production Workflow

timetime

EngineeringEngineering

Assembly of productsAssembly of products

Factory TestFactory Test

seq

uen

tial

seq

uen

tial

Engineering Engineering Assembly of products Assembly of productsp

aral

lel

par

alle

l

Traditional workflow

Enhanced workflow

1



One feeder, one IED!

Protection

Metering

Control

Fee

der

data

bas

e

R2S

SCM

Legend:R2R relay-to-relay comsR2S relay-to-subscriber coms

R2R

One Unique Feeder Data Base

• Some 20000 IEDs and 600 coordinated control systems have been sold today, 60% of them use coms

1



Accuracy class

Current error at rated primary current

Phase displacement at rated primary current

Composite error at rated accuracy limit primary current

5P 10P

± 1 ± 3

± 60 –

5 10

minutes centiradians

± 1.8 –

% %

0.5 FS1 FS

n.a.instrumentsecurity factor

± 0.51)

± 11)

± 301)

± 601)

± 0.91)

± 1.81)

1) Further accuracies at 10 %, 20%, 50 % and 100 %full load

Accuracies of Instrument Transformers

1



time

years

sec

Effects of failures

Protection

System affected!Partial brown outs

Control

Slow controlby back-upfacilities

Metering & monitoringregionally blind

Service time windows and availability

ms

Control

Metering & Monitoring

Protection(date & timeunknown0-2 times a year)

Security and Dependability Aspects

1



configurationconfiguration

set pointsset points

algorithmalgorithm

samplingsampling

self adaptation external adaptation

Adaptive Relaying, verification of relay performance

3



51.1 51.2

52.1

trip 52.1

51.151.2

52.2

trip 52.2

52.3 52.4

section 1 section 252.s

NC

- with 52.s closed full load

of section 1 & 2- with 52.s open only load

of section 1 resp. 250

release51.2

Legend51.1 normal sensitivity51.2 increased sensitivity

Adaptive Relaying, verification of relay performance

3



Scope Boosts the Number of Set Points

Motor protection

VoltageLocal-Remote-ControlCommand/Feed back

79MAutoreclosing

I>, IpI>> I2>

86

Lock out

IE>> IE>, IEp

50N 51N

IE>> IE>, IEp

27

V<

59

V>

81O/U

f<>

74TC

Trip circuitsupervision

PLC-Logic

&

HMI Communication-modules

RS232/485Fiber

IEC60870-5-103Profibus FMS

Meter

I, Set points

U, P, Q,f, cos

Energy meter calculatedimpulse

Motorcontrol

Bre

aker

--fa

ilure

pro

tect

ion

Dirct. sens. Ground fault

Directional

47

67N

busbar

675150 494650N 51N 50BFInrush-

blocking

Phase rotation

S67N S64

UE>IEE>>IEE>

7SC64-0000-ABC

SIPROTEC

M ENU

ESCLED

F1

F2

F3

F4

7

4

1

.

8

5

2

0

9

6

3

+/-

CTRL ENTER

Local

Remote

Normal

Test

RUN ERROR

52

Fault recording

Fault locator

21FL

I<

lockedRotor

37 48 66/86

14

Start up monitor

Lock out

33

4



10000 set Points

system-wide ca. 5000

relays

200 set Points

sub

feeder

20 set Points

300 faults p. a. ca.30000 km OHL (fault rate 30 p. a. and 100 km)

Relay operationsSet points

4 flags

OH-Line

1200 flags

system-wide

Data Management

4



Ergonomic Design for Simplicity in Handling Relays

1. One HMI program for all Intelligent Electronic Devices

2. Design according present style guidesergonomic aspects, usability tests

3. Function and application orientated structure (configuration, settings, routing, measurements, events, ...)

4. Reducing the number of setting parametersadvanced parameters (not directly visible) functions without parameters (acceptance ?)

6. Document management system: manual and on-line help

4



Semi self-setting Relays

ALFe / ALFN • IN,c.t

: parameter

IDiff

I1

I1

Example: 10P10, eload < 5%, eFault at k_ALFN = 10%

Fault current tolerance eFault

Load current tolerance eLoad

Actual c.t. tolerance

4



Tr = Bi - Rpa

Tr = 100% - 3%/pa

Trt = 35 a

Tr = Bi - Rpa

Tr = 100% - 3%/pa

Trt = 35 a

2000 2010 2020 2030 20352000 2010 2020 2030 2035

LegendTr = remnant life time Bi = installed baseRpa = retrofitted relays p.a.

LegendTr = remnant life time Bi = installed baseRpa = retrofitted relays p.a.

%1001.%

1

1

nn

a

aap

Remnant Life Time of Protocols

5



IEC 60870-5-103+VDEW extensions

Profibus FMSProfibus DP IEC 61850-8-2

DNP 3.0Modbus

Ethernet IEC 61850-8 station bus to 2001 IEC 61850-9 process bus

relayrelaycomcom

comcom

R2S

R2R

Subscriber

Relay

Exchangeable Communication Processors for Investment Security

5



Communication Standard for Tele-protection Purposes

• Tele-protection port separate from informative port for speed and security reasons

• DKE working group AK952.08 Übertragungsprotokolle , binärer Informationsaustausch zwischen

Selektivschutzeinrichtungen über einen Hilfskanal ( Transmission Protocols, binary data exchange between relays over

communication channels)• Scope standard allocation of signals for fix allocation of distance and earth fault tele-protection schemes• Two modes synchronous asynchronous

6



to relay or IED

secondary current in mA range at full load

good dynamic performance (at 2 *1,41 IF,therm. saturation after 25 ms)

precise (accuracy < 0,2% above 50A)

C.t. equivalent circuit

M

L

2uR B

i2

i1

M

L R

2u

f tL

Z

R a

1i M Coupling inductanceLf Eddy inductanceL Coil inductanceRt Coil and conductor resistance Ra Calibration resistanceZ Load impedance

)(In

Unk(t)u2 ti

dt

diM(t)u

12

U2n = 22,5 mVi1/Ith,, In= 50A

Un2 = 150 mV

Small signal current transducer

8



Resistive voltage divider

R2

Sekundäranschluß

R1

U1

U2

GNDMasse

Primäranschluß

Meß- undSchutzgerät

R i

Bild 1: Ohmscher Teiler in Stützerbauform mit Prinzipschaltbild

Montageblech

scale:primary: VN/1.73secondary: 3,25 V/1.73fixing panelsecondary

termination

relay & meter

primary termination

ground

V1

V2

V2

8



Experience with Novel Instrument Transducers

• Some 2-3 years operation experience

• Some 30 Relays in service using novel v.t.s & c.t.s

1



Verification of Relay Performance Using Neural Networks

• Relay must ‘learn at the vendors test field’• Application test with a variety of fault conditions• More practical ‘the characteristic of their traditional

counterpart• CIGRE final report ‘Analysis and Guidelines For Testing

Numerical Protection Schemes-March 2000• Failure analysis may make relay engineer feel

uncomfortable

9

experience with combined protection and control ieds

Documents