1G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Experience with Combined Protection and Control IEDs
Traditional panel with analogue relays and traditional control
Modern panel with numerical multi-function relay
1
2G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Transfer of external complexity into the IED
Library
Output Signals
Logic Elements(Gates, Timers, ...)
Input Signals from Substationor from Internal Functions
CFC
Continuous Function Chart
as per IEC 1131
1
3G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Transfer Time in the Production Workflow
timetime
EngineeringEngineering
Assembly of productsAssembly of products
Factory TestFactory Test
seq
uen
tial
seq
uen
tial
Engineering Engineering Assembly of products Assembly of productsp
aral
lel
par
alle
l
Traditional workflow
Enhanced workflow
1
4G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
One feeder, one IED!
Protection
Metering
Control
Fee
der
data
bas
e
R2S
SCM
Legend:R2R relay-to-relay comsR2S relay-to-subscriber coms
R2R
One Unique Feeder Data Base
• Some 20000 IEDs and 600 coordinated control systems have been sold today, 60% of them use coms
1
5G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Accuracy class
Current error at rated primary current
Phase displacement at rated primary current
Composite error at rated accuracy limit primary current
5P 10P
± 1 ± 3
± 60 –
5 10
minutes centiradians
± 1.8 –
% %
0.5 FS1 FS
n.a.instrumentsecurity factor
± 0.51)
± 11)
± 301)
± 601)
± 0.91)
± 1.81)
1) Further accuracies at 10 %, 20%, 50 % and 100 %full load
Accuracies of Instrument Transformers
1
6G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
time
years
sec
Effects of failures
Protection
System affected!Partial brown outs
Control
Slow controlby back-upfacilities
Metering & monitoringregionally blind
Service time windows and availability
ms
Control
Metering & Monitoring
Protection(date & timeunknown0-2 times a year)
Security and Dependability Aspects
1
7G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
configurationconfiguration
set pointsset points
algorithmalgorithm
samplingsampling
self adaptation external adaptation
Adaptive Relaying, verification of relay performance
3
8G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
51.1 51.2
52.1
trip 52.1
51.151.2
52.2
trip 52.2
52.3 52.4
section 1 section 252.s
NC
- with 52.s closed full load
of section 1 & 2- with 52.s open only load
of section 1 resp. 250
release51.2
Legend51.1 normal sensitivity51.2 increased sensitivity
Adaptive Relaying, verification of relay performance
3
9G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Scope Boosts the Number of Set Points
Motor protection
VoltageLocal-Remote-ControlCommand/Feed back
79MAutoreclosing
I>, IpI>> I2>
86
Lock out
IE>> IE>, IEp
50N 51N
IE>> IE>, IEp
27
V<
59
V>
81O/U
f<>
74TC
Trip circuitsupervision
PLC-Logic
&
HMI Communication-modules
RS232/485Fiber
IEC60870-5-103Profibus FMS
Meter
I, Set points
U, P, Q,f, cos
Energy meter calculatedimpulse
Motorcontrol
Bre
aker
--fa
ilure
pro
tect
ion
Dirct. sens. Ground fault
Directional
47
67N
busbar
675150 494650N 51N 50BFInrush-
blocking
Phase rotation
S67N S64
UE>IEE>>IEE>
7SC64-0000-ABC
SIPROTEC
M ENU
ESCLED
F1
F2
F3
F4
7
4
1
.
8
5
2
0
9
6
3
+/-
CTRL ENTER
Local
Remote
Normal
Test
RUN ERROR
52
Fault recording
Fault locator
21FL
I<
lockedRotor
37 48 66/86
14
Start up monitor
Lock out
33
4
10G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
10000 set Points
system-wide ca. 5000
relays
200 set Points
sub
feeder
20 set Points
300 faults p. a. ca.30000 km OHL (fault rate 30 p. a. and 100 km)
Relay operationsSet points
4 flags
OH-Line
1200 flags
system-wide
Data Management
4
11G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Ergonomic Design for Simplicity in Handling Relays
1. One HMI program for all Intelligent Electronic Devices
2. Design according present style guidesergonomic aspects, usability tests
3. Function and application orientated structure (configuration, settings, routing, measurements, events, ...)
4. Reducing the number of setting parametersadvanced parameters (not directly visible) functions without parameters (acceptance ?)
6. Document management system: manual and on-line help
4
12G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Semi self-setting Relays
ALFe / ALFN • IN,c.t
: parameter
IDiff
I1
I1
Example: 10P10, eload < 5%, eFault at k_ALFN = 10%
Fault current tolerance eFault
Load current tolerance eLoad
Actual c.t. tolerance
4
13G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Tr = Bi - Rpa
Tr = 100% - 3%/pa
Trt = 35 a
Tr = Bi - Rpa
Tr = 100% - 3%/pa
Trt = 35 a
2000 2010 2020 2030 20352000 2010 2020 2030 2035
LegendTr = remnant life time Bi = installed baseRpa = retrofitted relays p.a.
LegendTr = remnant life time Bi = installed baseRpa = retrofitted relays p.a.
%1001.%
1
1
nn
a
aap
Remnant Life Time of Protocols
5
14G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
IEC 60870-5-103+VDEW extensions
Profibus FMSProfibus DP IEC 61850-8-2
DNP 3.0Modbus
Ethernet IEC 61850-8 station bus to 2001 IEC 61850-9 process bus
relayrelaycomcom
comcom
R2S
R2R
Subscriber
Relay
Exchangeable Communication Processors for Investment Security
5
15G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Communication Standard for Tele-protection Purposes
• Tele-protection port separate from informative port for speed and security reasons
• DKE working group AK952.08 Übertragungsprotokolle , binärer Informationsaustausch zwischen
Selektivschutzeinrichtungen über einen Hilfskanal ( Transmission Protocols, binary data exchange between relays over
communication channels)• Scope standard allocation of signals for fix allocation of distance and earth fault tele-protection schemes• Two modes synchronous asynchronous
6
16G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
to relay or IED
secondary current in mA range at full load
good dynamic performance (at 2 *1,41 IF,therm. saturation after 25 ms)
precise (accuracy < 0,2% above 50A)
C.t. equivalent circuit
M
L
2uR B
i2
i1
M
L R
2u
f tL
Z
R a
1i M Coupling inductanceLf Eddy inductanceL Coil inductanceRt Coil and conductor resistance Ra Calibration resistanceZ Load impedance
)(In
Unk(t)u2 ti
dt
diM(t)u
12
U2n = 22,5 mVi1/Ith,, In= 50A
Un2 = 150 mV
Small signal current transducer
8
17G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Resistive voltage divider
R2
Sekundäranschluß
R1
U1
U2
GNDMasse
Primäranschluß
Meß- undSchutzgerät
R i
Bild 1: Ohmscher Teiler in Stützerbauform mit Prinzipschaltbild
Montageblech
scale:primary: VN/1.73secondary: 3,25 V/1.73fixing panelsecondary
termination
relay & meter
primary termination
ground
V1
V2
V2
8
18G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Experience with Novel Instrument Transducers
• Some 2-3 years operation experience
• Some 30 Relays in service using novel v.t.s & c.t.s
1
19G. Koch D Session 3 – Block 3 – Question
Barcelona 12-15 May 2003
Verification of Relay Performance Using Neural Networks
• Relay must ‘learn at the vendors test field’• Application test with a variety of fault conditions• More practical ‘the characteristic of their traditional
counterpart• CIGRE final report ‘Analysis and Guidelines For Testing
Numerical Protection Schemes-March 2000• Failure analysis may make relay engineer feel
uncomfortable
9