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y Reshma Gy Renjini Sy Christopher Kuriany Sreenath Ny Joji Isac Py V Rahiniy

Amol Khanwalkar

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WATER CRISIS

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Water crisis is a term used to refer tothe worlds water resources relative tohuman demand. The term has been

applied to the worldwide water situation by the United Nations and

other world organizations.

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y 1. Stifling EconomicDevelopment

y 2. Water-borne Diseasesy 3. Geopolitical Instabilityy 4. Extinction of fauna and

flora

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y Global warming causes an intensification andacceleration of the world s hydrological cycle.

y Quicker evaporation and precipitation

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y Population growthy Increased urbanizationy High level of consumptiony Climate change

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As per Groundwater Survey & Development Agency (GSDA) of Maharashtra state.55% Rainwater is wasted as run off 35% Rainwater is wasted as evaporationand Only 10% Rainwater is harvested

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RAINFALL AND W ATER SC AR C ITY

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Irrigation : 82 %

Industrial : 12 %

Drinking : 6 %

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PO LLUTIO NRIVER SIndia's fourteen major, 55 minor and severalhundred small rivers receive millions of litres of sewage, industrial and agricultural wastes. Most of

these rivers have been degraded to sewage flowingdrains. There are serious water quality problems inthe towns and villages using these rivers as a sourceof their water.

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G R O UNDW ATER PO LLUTIO N

W ater markets thriving on groundwater has become alucrative business for all those ranging from the privatesuppliers selling water, water tankers and the big

bottled water companies. This over extraction has foundrapid depletion of water tables as well as deteriorationof water quality in most of the cities.

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URBAN LAKES

Urban water bodies are an inherent part of Indianculture. They served a variety of purposes. In the dry central and Southern India--that fall in the rain

shadow region--they stored rainwater and ensuredsupply for domestic use and for agriculture. They alsohelped in recharging groundwater.

y In cities enjoying perennial river sources and highrainfall they served as flood cushions, and as in thecase of Kolkata, acted as a resource recovery area,releasing nitrogen, inactivating phosphates,removing toxins and treating wastewater.

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y And they were taken care of by the local people,who desilted, cleaned and recharged the lakes andtanks, as a part of their regular chores. But all this

changed after the government took overmanagement of public lands in cities

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y 90% of the world's glaciers are retreating and somedisappear completely

y Glacier ice is melting much faster today than wasexpected

y Temperatures across the globe have gone upward,helping the cause of ice glaciers melting faster thanrequired

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C ommon issues of Surface and Ground water P athogenic (Bacteriological) P ollution

SalinityToxicity (micro-pollutants and other industrial pollutants)

Surface Water

EutrophicationO xygen depletionEcological health

Ground Water F luoride

NitrateArsenicIron

Sea water intrusion

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Domestic: 423 class I cities and 499 class II towns harboringpopulation of 20 C rore generate about 26254 mld of wastewater of which only 6955 mld is treated .

Industrial: About 57,000 polluting industries in Indiagenerate about 13,468 mld of wastewater out of which nearly

60% (generated from large & medium industries) is treated .

Non-point sources also contribute significant pollutionloads mainly in rainy season . P esticides consumption isabout 1,00,000 tones/year of which A P , Haryana, P unjab,TN, W B, G ujarat, U P and Maharashtra are principalconsumers .

Domestic sewage is the major source of pollution in Indiain surface water which contribute pathogens, the mainsource of water borne diseases along with depletion of oxygen in water bodies .

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y The tragedy of India s water scarcity is that thecrisis could have been largely avoided with

better water management practices.y There has been a distinct lack of attention to

water legislation, water conservation, efficiency

in water use, water recycling, andinfrastructure.

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y Important step for solutions to issues of water andenvironmental conservation is to change people'sattitudes and habits

y Conserve water because it is right thing to do!.y W hat you can do to conserve water ?y Use only as much water as you require. Close the

taps well after use. W hile brushing or other use, donot leave the tap running, open it only when yourequire it. See that there are no leaking taps.

y Use a washing machine that does not consumetoo much water. Do not leave the taps runningwhile washing dishes and clothes.

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y Install small shower heads to reduce the flow of the water. W ater in which the vegetables & fruitshave been washed - use to water the flowers &

plants.y At the end of the day if you have water left in your

water bottle do not throw it away, pour it oversome plants.

y Re-use water as much as possibley Change in attitude & habits for

water conservationy Every drop counts!!!

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y

Many governments and large financial institutionssuch as the International Monetary Fund (IMF)and the W orld Bank are actively promoting waterprivatisation as the answer to the water crisis

y change water management practices by regulatingusage with effective legislation. There is significantopposition to raising electricity tariffs, and therewould most likely be even more resistance to

enacting tariffs on water itself.y Another proposed solution to the water crisis is the

privatization of water.

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y As India is the world s largest democracy,

large-scale engineering projects have beenextremely difficult to pass because they arecontroversial and have stirred lots of debateand much resistance. The most talked about

project is the $112 billion Interlinking of Riversproject