e-governance in developing countries by s. a. ahsan rajon presentation iccit 2008 by s. a. ahsan...

8/7/2019 E-GOvernance in developing Countries by S. A. AHSAN RAJON Presentation ICCIT 2008 by S. A. AHSAN RAJON

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11th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER AND

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (ICCIT 2008), KUET, KHULNA.

Implementation of E-Governance:Only Way to Build a Corruption-Free

Bangladesh

S. A. AHSAN RAJONCOMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DISCIPLINE,

KHULNA UNIVERSITY, KHULNA.

AND

SK. ALI ZAMANTMRAFM, KHULNA.


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Implementation of E-Governance: Only Way to Build

a Corruption-Free BangladeshJanuary 4, 2009

ICCIT 2008

KUET, KHULNA.

INTRODUCTION

Present century is the age of Information andCommunication Technology.

The prime concern of this decade is to establish andensure a better way of management, communicationand development with the use of information and

information oriented services. Crossing the boundary of personal computations and

communications, the uses of digital media for greaterlevels of management has been initialized early in thecentury.

E-Governance may simply be considered as an extensionof this trade.


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INTRODUCTION

With the enhanced facilities of information andcommunication technology (ICT) for providing smart andeasy living by means ofUbiquitous computing and othersophisticated technologies, e-Governance which too is agreat gift of computer and ICT has become a prime

demand in the world for ensuring transparency,effectiveness, accountability and efficiency throughoutthe various sectors of government including decision-making, public policy building, access to informationetc.


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OUR CONTRIBUTIONS

Focuses on various aspects of implementing e-governance indeveloping countries like Bangladesh.

We present a comparative analysis of traditional governmentarchitecture and the prospects and problems of implementing

e-governance in Bangladesh emphasizing on the usage andeffectiveness of e-governance to eradicate corruption fromvarious sectors of governance.


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OUR CONTRIBUTIONS

Especially present the adaptability of e-governance in theprime sectors of government and provide a methodical study onthe strategies of involving mass people in the governanceprocess improving information and service delivery with theirparticipation in overall decision-making.

The potential to ensure highest level of transparency inall the sectors of government through theimplementation of e-governance is also presented inthis paper.

Moreover, we provide specific recommendations for

implementing the e-governance in the most effectiveand efficient manner.


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PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

E-GOVERNANCE CURRENT ICT INFRASTRUCTURE OF BANGLADESH E-Governance: Scope and Potential to Fight Corruption

o E-Governance in Central Government Processo E-Governance in Public Administrationo E-Governance in Education Sectoro E-Governance in Judiciaryo E-Governance in Economyo E-Governance in Agricultureo E-Governance in Biddingo E-Governance in Other Sectors

Proposed Approach for Implementing E-Governance in Bangladesho Stage-Setting Steps for Establishing E-Governanceo Analyzing the sectors for Implementing E-governanceo Framework for Implementing E-Governanceo Design issues for implementing e-governanceo Communicating E-governanceo Support for implementing E-Governanceo Post-Implementation Issues for adapting e-governance

E-GOVERNANCE TO M-GOVERNANCE: THE JOURNEY BEGINS


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E-GOVERNANCE


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E-GOVERNANCE

A number of definitions of e-Governance existemphasizing on specific activities and functionalities.

E-government and e-democracy are the mostly adaptedcriteria for defining e-Governance.

e-Democracy The term e-Democracy refers to the processes and

structures that encompass all forms of electronicinteractions between the government and the citizens

in terms of information coverage and decision-making.


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E-GOVERNANCE (contd.)

E-GOVERNMENT E-Government is a form of e-business in governance and

refers to the processes and structures needed to deliverelectronic services to the public (citizens andbusinesses), collaborate with business partners and toconduct electronic transactions within an organizationalentity.


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E-GOVERNANCE (contd.)

E-GOVERNANCE Taking the above two into concern, e-Governance is

defined as

o the application of electronic means to improve the

interactions between government and citizens andgovernment and business as well as

o to employ electronic means in internal governmentoperations to simplify and improve democratic governmentand business aspects of government with the primary goal of

boosting administrative efficiency.


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E-GOVERNANCE DEFINED

In a very short span, we may define e-Governance aso process of adapting electronic means in possible sectors and

stages of government

to ensure legitimate mass-access of administrative andservice oriented information

with the potential to establish transparency andaccountability of government activities and maximumservice

by redesigning and redistributing the administrative andoperating system of government.


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E-GOVERNANCE DEFINED (contd.)

E-Governance doesnt only mean to have a website inthe internet rather to provide online services andinformation that increase mass-participation in decisionmaking, accountability of the authority, transparency ofaffairs involving public interests and domestic concerns.

Though a good milestone towards establishing e-government has been made in the USA, Europe andother developed westernized countries such asAustralia, Singapore, Canada, the developing countries

too, are putting steps for implementing e-Governance invarious sectors with a number of limitations, challengesand debates.


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E-GOVERNANCE DEFINED (contd.)

The prime objective of e-Governance is essentially too ensure good governance ando strengthening democratic processo providing equal access to information,o establishing freedom of constructive expression,o

Ensuring greater equity,o service efficiency,o stable rapid economic growth ando social inclusion.

And all through electronic means..


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Current ICT Infrastructure of

Bangladesh


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Current ICT Infrastructure of Bangladesh (contd.)

Bangladesh, a small developing country with enormousprospects realizes the importance of implementing e-governance in Bangladesh. However, because of its financialbackwardness and the ill-fate of being affected by naturaldisasters frequently, it is still now in the initializing step ofimplementing e-Governance


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Implementation of E-Governance: Only Way to Builda Corruption-Free Bangladesh

January 4, 2009

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It is evident that, the implementation of e-Governancein Bangladesh is not so an easy task.

In Bangladesh ICT has been declared as the thrustsector. In e-Governance introducing step, a number of

ministries, have already presented their websites. To provide quicker service, Bangladesh government has

already made a number of forms available throughinternet, which is really an appreciable step towardsimplementing e-Governance


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Statistics of thewebsites ofvariousgovernmentorganizations inBangladesh.


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The budget-statisticsfor promoting the ICTSector for e-Governance capacitybuilding is alsomentionable


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Hope for a glittering future

Cellular Phone has revolutionized thetelecommunication infrastructure in Bangladesh.

It is really amazing that, since 1989; especially withinthe last decade, mobile phone service has providedabout fifty million people with telecommunicationservices resulting a tele-density of 23.3%.


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TelecommunicationStatus ofBangladesh.


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As mobile communication has got a massive use, it maybe an effective way to utilize mobile phone orientedservices in awareness building for establishing e-governance.

In governmental decision making processes andproviding essential administrative information we mayuse cellular phones both in voice and textcommunication services.

Various service-oriented information may also becommunicated to all levels of people through mobilecommunication.


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Implementation of E-Governance: Only Way to Builda Corruption-Free BangladeshJanuary 4, 2009

ICCIT 2008KUE

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The means of seeking services to the government by thecitizens may also be ensured through mobile phones.

Various add-on services like internet facility usingmobile phone mobilizes the process of implementing e-

Governance in Bangladesh.

It is necessary to mention here that, from theperspective of Bangladesh m-Governance may beconsidered as the prime media or gateway ofimplementing e-Governance.


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E-Governance: Scope and

Potential to Fight Corruption


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E-Governance: Scope and Potential toFight Corruption

The total world, especially the developing countries arein a great challenge to fight corruption that has got risebecause ofo improper administrative transparency,o lack of accountability and

o absence of monitoring processes.

The fundamental rights of the citizens are also beensuppressed due to manual paper-based administrativesystem.


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E-Governance in Prime GovernmentProcess

Government must provide legitimate information onpublic issues through electronic communications.

Major decisions may be taken by conducting online-

surveys as well as traditional surveys.

This availability of information is a great aspect inestablishing accountability and transparency.


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E-Governance in Prime GovernmentProcess

Publishing accurate fiscal statistics may be the easiestway of restricting corruption in financial sectors, thougha number of doubts exist in this concern.

Sadly speaking, the constitution and even the basic

documents stating public laws are still now not availableto the citizens of Bangladesh.o Without providing electronic means, it is not at all possible

to make these documents available.


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E-Governance in Public Administration

Often public demand management process is biased anddue to corruption, the implementation of developmentactivities derived from public demand are notcompletely and accurately performed.

Even allegations from citizens regarding the corruption

issues do not reach to proper authority. That is, due to the intermediate authority, public

concerns are often disregarded.o Implementing e-covernance and e-communication

may at least echo the public voices to the supreme

authority for considerations.


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E-Governance in Education Sector

Education, which is the backbone of a nation, is oftenfatally pointed as a corrupted sector.

As, education is the fundamental need, a major portionof budget is spent in development of this sector. But,the history sadly says that, a major portion of this

budget often goes into the pocket of some corruptedpersonnel.

Unnecessary and ill-motivated delay in granting variousscholarships of the students, meaninglessly harassingthe teachers in granting remunerations and other bills

are some common objections of the concerned parties.


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E-Governance in Education Sector(contd.)

The absence of monitoring in application andimplementation is one of the reasons behind these,which may be partially eradicated by providing theinformation regarding distribution of funds and otheroperational and statistical data over public domains.

The debates that often arise in modifying thecurriculum may also be solved by integrating the facilityof providing public remarks through electronic meansbefore taking final steps of curriculum specification.

Publishing the results of public examinations has

established a well suited means of automaticverification and hence ensured greater transparency.


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E-Governance in Judiciary

Solely administration or solely Judiciary may neverensure a sound running of government.

It is must to have proper co-ordination and respectbetween the parts.

It is note-worthy that the independent judiciary is

taking initiatives to redesign judiciary with electronicaspects for minimizing time-consumption and bringingefficiency .

Still now, there is a lot of scope of ensuringtransparency in judiciary by making each step clear to

the citizens, which is of no doubt, echoes e-governance


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E-Governance in Economy

The Economy of Bangladesh has faced a lot ofdifficulties because of corruption.

The lack of efforts and weak policy of maintenancewith absence of accountabilityhas wasted the majoramounts of annual budget.

Denying public interest, often biased political decisionshas been implemented, that has simply resulted inweakened economical structure.

o But, an effective feasibility study maintaining overall robust

system analysis and design would demonstrate acceptableand fruitful sectors of economical interest.


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E-Governance in Agriculture

Being an agricultural country, Bangladesh shouldemphasize on enhanced and productive agriculture.

Because of the alarming livestock crisis, the wholeworld is now facing a great challenge regarding the

arrangement of food. Price hike is the hottest concern all over the world. The

middlemen-ship is also a resultant of poor-governance.


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E-Governance in Agriculture (contd.)

In such a situation, if we fail to implement enhancedmechanisms of achieving maximal production, theoverall existence may be extremely threatened.

This enhanced mechanism includes the tasks of making

the most fruitful technology available to the users,making the basic operational information available tothe agriculturists in the shortestpossible time.

This dissemination of essential information includingmarket demand-supply analysis is only effectively and

efficiently possible through implementation of e-governance


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E-agriculture focuses on agriculture informatics, agriculturaldevelopment and entrepreneurship and provides the agri-services through internet and related technologies.

Moreover, if various subsidies on agriculture are providedthrough internet making all the steps monitorable for public,

transparency may be achieved at the highest level saying agoodbye to corruption.


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This achievement may also bring a horizon in e-marketing or e-commerce attracting the investors of both home and abroadwhich may enlarge the scope of the growth of economy.

Effective study regarding the positive impact of implementinge-agriculture is provided by FAO.

It is now essential for developing countries like ours to presenttheir agricultural products in the world market effectively,which is only possible by adapting e-governance and e-commerce.


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E-Governance in Bidding

The dreadful hostile occurrences regarding bidding often costsof valuable lives, which is about a regular headline in the pagesof newspapers.

The stretch of corruption in analysis and selection process iswell known to all.

But e-governance may facilitate both the parties bytransforming the overall process into an electronic system.

If from the invitation of tenders to selecting the best offer, e-governance is employed, the interested parties may get ridfrom the threats of miscreants in the tender collection andsubmission process as well as the selection and rejection

process may be free and fair.


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E-Governance in Other Sectors

A number of scopes untouched.

Land and Property Managemento Providing a dynamic internet application stating aspects of

lands like information regarding proprietary, statistics of the

amount of land, map or related statistics describing theperfect and accurate condition of land area may prevent alltypes of corruptions in this sector. Public safety may also beestablished in this way.


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E-Governance in Other Sectors (contd.)

E-governance In Election Processo In the election process, which is basically the most important

affair for founding a good-governance and sound-democracy,e-governance may facilitate a lot by providing accurate andun-tampered information regarding the candidates.

o If information regarding criminals, smugglers, loan-infringers, tax-hoaxers is made available through the e-governance supporting processes of law-and order enforcingorganizations and other concerned authorities, at least itwould be possible to present the real and internal

characteristics of the candidates before the citizens to helpthem in correct and accurate decision making.


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It is necessary to mention here that, only installation ofcomputers or having a web-site doesnt mean e-governance.

It may only be ensured when,o the legitimate tasks and affairs is made available through

interneto people are accepted to access information regarding thoseo proper facility of providing constructive remarks is

integrated ensuring participation of citizens in decisionmaking and policy building activities.


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Thus Citizen Information System i.e. e-governance maychange the appearance of the whole country giving anew dimension in democracy.

There is no way left of getting relief from the hassle ingetting citizen-services from government without

implementing e-governance.


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Proposed Approach for

Implementing E-Governance inBangladesh


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Proposed Approach for Implementing E-Governance in Bangladesh

There is no feasible and optimal way of fighting thecorruption without adapting, implementing andestablishing e-governance in Bangladesh.

But how ????


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Stage-Setting Steps for Establishing E-Governance

Must have proper infrastructure. Infrastructure support must be affordable and effective

for the country. The main logic that the pessimists present is the lack of

power and unavailability of computers.


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But-o In order to establish internet facility, we may employ Broadband

over Power Line Communication (BPLC) [1], [7] strategies, asthe most available infrastructure is electricity in comparison withteledensity.

o Most schools are now equipped with computers.

__________________________________ Dr. Md. Abdul Mottalib, Sheikh Faridul Hasan, Syed Khairuzzaman Tanbeer,

"BPLC: Proposed Approach to Implement E-governance in Remote Areas ofDeveloping Countries", International Academy of CIO (IAC), Japan, 2006.

S. A. Ahsan Rajon, "Broadband Over Power Line Communication : Prospects andProblems in the Context of Bangladesh ", Proceedings ofInternational Conference

on Electronics, Computer and Communication, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, June 2008.


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It is true that, Bangladesh has already joined in theinformation super highway, the establishment of totalfiber-optic based ICT-infrastructure requires a largeamount of time as well as subject to huge expense.

But, it may be the fastest and most cost effective toestablish Broadband over Power Line Communicationbecause the maximum infrastructure already exists.


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With the carriage of electricity, megabits of data persecond can be carried through the traditional fifty hertzpower lines.

As the prime requirement of e-governance resides on

the availability of internet in all the sectors and levelsof a country, the use of power line may be the mostfeasible solution because of its maximum spread incomparison with telephone lines or even cabletelevision line.


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Majority of the total people of Bangladesh live in thevillages.

Therefore, all the policies should must consider thesocio economic aspects of the village people.

Consequently, the only means to reach at the door of

the village people with the boon of e-governance at thehighest level is to use power line communication (PLC).


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In this stage-setting step, we also intend to emphasizeon awareness building.

E-governance is aimed for good-governance, and thisgood-governance is aimed for the social, political,economical that is overall uplift of the citizens. This

necessity and functionality of e-governance should becommunicated to the people so that they may realizeand evaluate e-governance. situations.


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Analyzing the sectors forImplementing E-governance

Essential for Bangladesh to implement e-governancehierarchically.

Prioritize the sectors in terms of effectiveness, functionalityand liability of providing services.

Failure to identify the priority sectors may jeopardize the totalscheme of implementation of e-governance.

This prioritization process should also consider theinterdependence and intercommunication among variousservice-providing sectors for ensuring a consistent, functionaland effective analysis to implement e-governance.


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Framework for Implementing E-Governance

One of the main issues for implementing e-governance indeveloping countries is expense.

The huge expense (!) of implementing e-governance oftenturns the e-governance implementation project into anabandoned one.

But, this may be easily handled by involving universities andother organizations in implementation process. The universities and other ICT related organizations may

provide major support by providing their experienced IT-experts and concerned human resource.

This may also bring a new dimension of research in the

organizations.


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Design issues for implementing e-governance

The design and implementation of e-governance shouldmust take the social, economical and educational issuesinto concern.

The adaptability and effectiveness of the e-governancedepends mainly on the citizens, as they are the

stakeholders of e-governance. It should be taken into consideration that, the first

language of Bangladesh is Bengali. So that, it would be most effective to ensure the use of

Bengali in implementation of e-governance for

conveying information.


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The use of Unicode in representation of Bengali text isalso expected to facilitate uniform and massivelyaccessible platform.

The integration of the facility to provide comments andother information through internet may guarantee the

participation of citizens in decision-making and variousmultidimensional service-oriented processes which isonly possible through Bengali.

We propose to use a Phonetic based encoding schemefor obtaining the information from the concerned

parties.


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Keyboard mappingless and Phoneticbased approach foronline Bengali-Unicoded textcomposition.


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E-Governance is a large-scale activity which requireslarge scale data warehouses to be implemented.

For faster, reliable and consistent database applicationsregarding development of e-governance, distributed

database management may be the most effective.

It is also necessary to consider WAP-support for alllevels of design and development of services relating e-governance.


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Communicating E-governance

E-Governance is dedicated to establish the participationof the citizens in decision-making, policy building,objective selection and quickest service deliveryfostering good governance in corruption-free andprogress and success-oriented environment.

This goal can only be achieved if people are informedabout the sectors and services of e-governance.


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This communication can be made using traditionalcommunication medias. SMS may be an effectiveapproach in communicating the adaptation of e-governance in various sectors.

Providing citizen-incentive lucrative facilities andservices electronically through e-governance may bringrapid attention of the citizens.


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The only feasible as well as optimal solution is toarrange the total infrastructure combining both publicand private sectors with the use of existing resources.

As, in most areas, including rural areas we have

secondary schools or madrasas and within the last fewyears government with the help of various non-governmental sources has already distributed computersand computer peripherals, we may use these schools ormadrasas as a information center or service point for

facilitating the citizens to have free access to e-governance.


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Basic awareness building may also be motivated fromthese centers. Besides these, distinct and sophisticatedInformation Centers equipped with IT-peripherals andsupport personnel may be established for providing e-governance support


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Post-Implementation Issues foradapting e-governance

System development and awareness building is not thebottom line of adapting e-governance.

In order to prevent data from ill-motivated tamperingand ensuring transparent and accurate management of

the e-governance system some authority with requiredadministrative power should be provided.


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E-Governance to M-Governance:

The Journey Begins


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E-Governance to M-Governance: TheJourney Begins

The increase of mobile communication in Bangladeshhas made a silent revolution in all the sectors.

The spread of the networks has now reached even intothe extreme-rural areas.

As, people are now more flexible with mobile oriented

services, the adoption of m-governance which is tosome sense a bridge between e-governance and mobilecommunication with the use of WAP or SMS.


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E-Governance to M-Governance: TheJourney Begins

M-Governance is also a great concern because of itsextreme growth, availability and flexibility.

Considering mobiles as a communication tool for alltypes of service-request and information possessingfrom citizens may mobilize the e-governance process.


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CONCLUDING WORDS


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CONCLUSION

In this paper, we have presented an overview on thesectors for adapting e-governance from the point ofview of the democratic governance in Bangladesh.

We also describe the specific issues of corruption invarious government sectors and have provided the

feasibility study for reducing corruption from thecorresponding sectors by adapting e-governance.

The overall analysis on the usefulness and effectivenessto establish e-Government, e-Administration and e-Democracy in the form of e-Governance has been

elaborately provided here


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CONCLUSION

A detailed approach for implementing e-governance hasalso been presented in this paper.

We also provide specific recommendations fordesigning, developing and managing the e-governancesystem in Bangladesh.

The implementation of e-Governance is the only wayleft to uplift the country into a corruption-freedeveloped nation.


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HOPE FOR A NEW BANGLADESH.

UPTO YOUR DREAM


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THANK YOU

e-governance in developing countries by s. a. ahsan rajon presentation iccit 2008 by s. a. ahsan...

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