isad role of system analyst lecture by s. a. ahsan rajon @ darul ihsan university
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ISAD Role of System Analyst Lecture by S. A. AHSAN RAJON @ DARUL IHSAN UNIVERSITYTRANSCRIPT
INFORMATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
THE ROLE OF SYSTEM ANALYST
S. A. AHSAN RAJON
http://sites.google.com/site/ahsanrajon
+88-01911510286
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 2I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Acknowledgements… Contents of these slides are mostly adapted from
Elias M. Awad, “Systems Analysis and Design”, Second Edition
Jeffery A. Hoffer, Joey F. George, Joseph S. Valacich, Prabin K.
Panigrahi, “Modern System Analysis and Design”, Fourth Edition.
.
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 3I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
System Analyst…
Random House Dictionary
… a person who conducts a methodical study
and evaluation of an activity such as business to
identify its desired objectives in order to
determine procedures by which the objectives
can be gained.
Nicholas
The task of the system analyst is to elicit needs
and resource constraints and to translate these
into viable operations.
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 4I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Four key steps of Scientific Management…
Develop ideal method, establish standard,
pay incentive to worker for exceeding the
standard.
Select right person for right place in right
time
Train the people and incorporate scientific
methods with well trained people.
Establish cooperation between manager
and worker.
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 5I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Skills of System Analyst to Do System Analysis
Interpersonal skills
Technical skills
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 6I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Interpersonal Skills… Communication
It is people talking, listening, feeling and reacting to one another,
their experience and reactions
Understanding
Having a grasp of company activities
Identifying problems
Figuring solutions
Teaching
Educating people in using computer system
Giving support when needed
Selling
Selling ideas
Promoting innovations in problem solving
Sk
ills o
f Sys
tem
An
aly
st
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 7I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Technical Skills… Creativity
Help users model ideas into concrete plans
Develop candidate systems
Problem solving
Analyze and solve problems
Project Management
Scheduling, performing well under time constraints, coordinating team
efforts, managing cost and expenditure
Dynamic Interface
Blending technical and non-technical specifications in general design
Questioning Attitude
Knowing what, when, why, where, who, and how a system works
Knowledge of the besics
Basic computer system and business knowledge
Sk
ills o
f Sys
tem
An
aly
st
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 8I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Interplay between Interpersonal & Technical Skills
Sk
ills o
f Sys
tem
An
aly
st
ANALYSIS DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION
MAINTENANCE
TECHNICAL
SKILL
Interpersonal Skill
Low
Hig
h
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 9I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Qualifications of System Analyst
Academic Qualifications
Background in System Theory and organization
behaviour
Familiarity with application areas
Competence in system tools and methodologies
and practical knowledge on one or more
programming and database languages
Experience in hardware and software
Personal Qualifications
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 10I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Personal Qualifications of System Analyst
Authority
Confidence to tell people what to do
Communication
Ability to articulate and focus on a problem area.
Creativity
Developing candidate systems using unique tools or methods
Responsibility
Making decisions on ones own and accepting the
consequences of the decisions
Varies Skills
Doing different projects and handling changes
Qu
alific
atio
ns
of S
yste
m A
na
lys
t
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 11I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Multifaceted Role of System Analyst…
Change Agent
Investigator and Monitor
Architect
Psychologist
Salesperson
Motivator
Politician
Conflict Resolver
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 12I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Structure of System Analysis…
Project Oriented Structure
Pool Oriented Structure
Function Oriented Structure
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 13I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Project Oriented Structure of System Analysis…
Manager Systems analysis and design
Project LeaderProduction
Control System
Project LeaderPersonnel
Information System
System Analysts
System Analysts
System Analysts
System Analysts
Project LeaderPayroll System
Stru
ctu
re of S
yste
m A
naly
sis
…
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 14I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Project Oriented Structure of System Analysis…
In a project oriented arrangement, a team
of analyst is formed to work on one project.
Generally a team has a project leader who
reports directly to the systems manager.
Typical of smaller installations that handle
limited projects.
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 15I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Pool Oriented Structure of System Analysis…S
truc
ture o
f Sys
tem
An
alys
is…
Pools of Analysis
System Design Team
Systems Design Team
Manager Systems
Analysis and Design
Manager Personnel
Dept.
Manager Payroll
Department
n Analyst on Loan
p Senior Analystq Analyst on Loan
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 16I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Pool Oriented Structure of System Analysis…
In Pool oriented System arrangements,
analysts work on any system assignment
within the firm.
Once the job is completed, they return to
the pool for another arrangement.
May be thought of “on loan” arrangement.
This arrangement gives the department
some control over its own application.
The outcome is greater user participation and
support in system development.
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 17I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Functional Structure of System Analysis…
DIRECTOR SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
ManagerProduction
System
ManagerPersonnel System
Project A
Project B
Project C
ManagerPayroll System
Project A
Project B
Stru
ctu
re of S
yste
m A
naly
sis
…
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 18I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Functional Structure of System Analysis…
The functional structure of system analysis
assigns a group of analysts to serve a
specific system.
For example, there may be a personnel
system team, a production system team
and a marketing systems team.
Each term has a manager who reports directly to
the director of System Development.
This system is suitable for a large computer/
information facility.
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 19I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Structure of Programming…
Pool oriented Structure of Programming
Team oriented Structure of Programming
The pool approach clusters programmer into a
pool that reports to a supervisor.
Each programmer is assigned a program to prepare
through all stages.
Stru
ctu
re of P
rog
ramm
ing
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 20I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
TEAM Oriented Structure of Programming…
In the team approach, each programmer is
assigned to a team that has responsibility for a
specific project.
Normally programmers report to a lead programmers
(Team Leader), who reports to a Project Leader.
The Project Leader is usually a section head who
supervises a number of teams in the section and reports
to the manager of the programming area.
Stru
ctu
re of P
rog
ramm
ing
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 21I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
TEAM Oriented Structure of Programming…
Director Computer Services
ManagerSoftware Programming
ManagerApplication Programming
Project Leader
Section A
Project Leader
Section B
Lead ProgrammerTeam W
PROGR
Lead ProgrammerTeam X
Lead ProgrammerTeam Y
AMMER
Lead ProgrammerTeam Z
Project Leader
Section C
ManagerMaintenance Programming
Stru
ctu
re of P
rog
ramm
ing
…
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 22I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Paraprofessionals…
The tasks that make up the system
development process is changing.
With an increase in the use of structured
tools, there are emerging tasks that are less
technical or creative than the traditional
ones.
Rather than the analyst ignoring them, or
trying up valuable time, they are carried out
by less experienced paraprofessionals.
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 23I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Type of Tasks done by Paraprofessionals…
Which types of tasks are normally bypasses
by the analysts/professionals and referred to
the paraprofessionals?
Tasks which are not significantly complex, or does
not require “high level” ability, education, skill or
experience.
Task is repeatitive, and there is relatively well
defined process for performing it.
General support tasks require limited time for
instruction relative to the time it takes to perform
them.
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 24I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Tasks of Paraprofessionals… General Support Tasks
Maintain current documentation on a daily basis.
Maintain a technical literature and information retrieval.
Assisting in constructing and maintaining a program development
library.
Specific System Development Tasks
Draft Data Flow Diagrams and Structure Charts based on
specifications from System Development Personnel.
Maintain Data Dictionaries.
Code Programs
Prepare and Maintain test data files, check test results and modify
programs on predetermined procedures.
Prepare user manuals and other documentations.
Prepare supportive training materials when needed.
S . A . A H S A N RA J O N 25I N F O R M A T I O N S Y S T E M A N A L Y S I S A N D D E S I G N
Thank you all !!!