Download - Judaism Covenant made with G-d Jewish History Before and After the destruction of the Second Temple
Period One
Part One Biblical Judaism
• Nomadic people established a nation with Jerusalem as capital.
• Great development• First temple destroyed
and people exiled
Part two• Temple rebuilt• Hebrew Bible created• Study of Scriptures
and prayer• Synagogue life
developed
Period Two
Part One Rabbinical Judaism
• Judaism evolved• Traditional Jewish
life established• Occurred 100 C.E.
to 1800 C.E.
Part Two• Questions were raised
in response to the new thinking--Enlightenment
• The REFORM movement developed
• It modernized traditional Judaism
• It helped produce diverse branches within Judaism
Biblical History(Period 1 - Part 1)
In the Beginning: The Stories of Origins
Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, the Great Flood, Abraham, Canaan, Covenant, Jacob . . .
Other Events
Cain and Abel, the Great Flood The Call of Abraham, Passover,
Moses and the Law, Judges and Kings, Prophets, Babylonian exile, first temple destruction, Sabbath, Second Temple built.
Abram
Judaism starts with the Patriarch Abraham whose name was changed from Abram. It is to him that God made a promise that he would be the father of many nations.
The Mighty Nation
The descendents of Abraham settled in Egypt where they had become slaves.
They cried to God for deliverance from bondage of slavery.
God called Moses to lead them.
Moses
Moses is a main figure in Jewish history.
Born to a Jew he was rescued from the Nile by the daughter of the Pharaoh of Egypt .
Moses
He grew up probably as both an Egyptian and a Jew. Although he was in the house of Pharaoh he was "nursed/raised" by his birth mother.
He was raised to be a leader and became second in command of Egypt.
The Call of Moses
He later returns to Egypt after the burning bush experience to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.
Final Plague
When the Pharaoh refused Moses’ last request the final plague was issued--the death of every firstborn male.
The Passover
The Jews were instructed to put blood on their doorposts.
When the Angel of Death came it “passed over” the homes with blood on the doorposts.
Haste
Pharaoh relented and let the Israelites leave. They had to make preparations to leave quickly.
Change
Pharaoh changed his mind and decided to chase the Israelites.
According the the Hebrew Bible as the Israelites, lead by Moses, stood at the Red Sea or the Sea of Reeds, God acted on their behalf and parted the waters.
The Deliverance
According to the Jews in the deliverance three things were affirmed.• Yahweh is the creator of the universe• Yahweh chose the Israelites• The Jews are to reveal Yahweh to the
rest of the world.
God’s Deliverance
God, by way of Moses, led the descendents of Abraham out of slavery. A covenant was established by way of the Ten Commandments and the Laws of Moses.
Results of the Covenant
Yahweh is the the God not only of all creation but The Israelites
The Israelites are God’s people. Jewish communal life was established The Pentateuch (the first five books of
the Hebrew Bible) tells the history and regulates the community.
Exile and Captivity(Period 1 - Part 2)
“By the rivers of Babylon--there we sat down and there
we wept when we remembered Zion.”
A People in Exile
Nebuchadnezzar II, in 586 B.C.E., destroyed Solomon’s temple and took the “aristocracy” and a large part of the population out of Jerusalem to Babylonia.
During this exile Jews began to meet, to talk about the scriptures and to pray.
The Sabbath service developed during this time.
The Sabbath
Sabbath service included• worship• study• sermon• psalms
These were performed at a synagogue. The oral Hebrew religious traditions were
written down.
Transition in the Exile
The Jews began to assimilate various influences into their way of life from the Babylonians.
Knowledge of Hebrew declined and Aramaic became the common tongue.
The sense of an active evil spirit called “Satan” and the cosmic battle between good and evil emerged.
Returning Home and the Second Temple
The Persian overthrew the Babylonians and in 540 B.C.E. Cyrus came to the throne and allowed the Jews to return to Jerusalem.
The returned exiles rebuilt their temple.
The Second Temple
This started a new era, called the period of the Second Temple.
The Temple played a prominent role in Jewish life both at home and abroad.
The role of the priest became more prominent.
The Seleucid Period
Antiochus IV took over the temple in 167 B.C.E.
Jews rebelled lead by a family called the Maccabees (Hasmoneans) and took control of the temple and rededicated it.
The festival of Hanukkah is a celebration of the event.
Conflicts
There was much antagonism between the Jewish culture and Greek (Hellenistic) culture.
Jews were not easily absorbed into the dominant culture. e.g.• males were circumcised, dietary
restrictions, Sabbath prohibitions.
4 Major Responses
The Sadducees • Priestly families in
charge of the temples and its activities. Traditional who accepted the Torah.
The Pharisees• They wanted to
preserve tradition and primarily focussed on keeping the law and emphasized daily religious practice. They accepted more of the books as canonical and they valued the oral tradition of Moses.
4 Major Responses
The Zealots• They opposed foreign
rule and did anything in their power to remove foreign influence. They sometimes used violence to achieve their goals.
Essenes• There were several
thousand, lived a communal, celibate life in the desert n ear the Dead Sea, rejected animal sacrifice, and avoided meat and wine.
Destruction of the Second Temple
In 70 B.C.E. the Romans destroyed the Second Temple; this greatly changed Jewish life.
It did two things• It ended the power of the priesthood.• It forced Judaism to move from the
Temple being the center to a central focus on scripture and ceremony.
Sources
Slide 12 – http://www.bibleuniverse.com/images/grandmas/abraham-pray.jpghttp://religion-cults.com/art/abraham.gif
Slide 19 – http://www.wels.net/wmc/Downloads/clipart2/Sabc076.gif
Slide 32 –http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/kids/bible/bible11-16/OldTest/pix/54.jpghttp://www.execulink.com/~wblank/david.jpghttp://www.occultopedia.com/images/solomon1.jpg
Sources
Slide 35 – http://www.thenewagesite.com/jjdewey/gathering/chapter26.php
Slide 37 –http://sd71.bc.ca/sd71/school/courtenay-jr/School/JUDAISM/history/Tower_of_BabelTN.JPGSlide 40 – http://www.reformation.org/cyrus.jpgSlide 43 – http://www.mystae.com/images/antiochus.gifhttp://www.sundayschoolcourses.com/apocrypha/judas.gif