the auburn university disaster resistant university hazard

TheAuburnUniversityDisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan

2016

ApprovablePendingAdoptionDraft

June20,2016

AuburnUniversityTableofContents

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan–APADraft–June20,2016–Pagei

TableofContentsSection01 ExecutiveSummary 1.1 Overview 1‐1 1.2 OrganizationofthePlan 1‐3 1.3 HazardsandRisks 1‐3 1.4 CapabilityAssessment&FutureDevelopment 1‐5 1.5 MitigationStrategy 1‐5 1.6 PlanningProcess 1‐5 1.7 Approval 1‐6 1.8 Implementation 1‐6 1.9 MonitoringandUpdatingthePlan 1‐6

1.10 FederalPlanningRequirements 1‐7 Section02 UniversityProfile

2.1 Introduction 2‐12.2 Location,Climate,andPopulation

ofAuburnUniversity 2‐32.3 Transportation 2‐52.4 Communications 2‐82.5 EmergencyServices 2‐8

Section03 PlanningProcess 3.1 InterimFinalRuleRequirementforthePlanningProcess 3‐1

3.2 DescriptionofthePlanDevelopmentProcess 3‐13.3 InvolvementbythePublicandOtherInterestedParties 3‐73.4 ReviewandIncorporationofPlans,Studies,Reportsand

OtherInformation 3‐8

Section04 HazardIdentification&RiskAssessment

4.1 InterimFinalRuleRequirementfortheHIRA 4‐14.2 HazardIdentification&RiskAssessment 4‐24.3 BusinessImpactAnalysis 4‐83

Section05 CapabilityAssessment&FutureDevelopment

5.1 OverviewandPurposeofCapabilityAssessment 5‐15.2 FederalandStateRegulations,Plans,andFundingSources 5‐15.3 Assessment 5‐85.4 FutureDevelopment&Conditions 5‐11

AuburnUniversityTableofContents

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan–APADraft–June20,2016–Pageii

Section06 MitigationStrategy 6.1 IFRRequirementfortheMitigationStrategy 6‐16.2 HazardMitigationGoals 6‐16.3 HazardMitigationStrategy 6‐3

Section07 PlanMonitoring&Maintenance 7.1 IFRRequirementforPlanMonitoringandMaintenance 7‐17.2 MethodforMonitoringthePlan 7‐17.3 ScheduleforMonitoringthePlan 7‐27.4 MethodandScheduleforEvaluatingand

UpdatingthePlan 7‐37.5 CircumstancesthatwillInitiatePlanReviewandUpdates 7‐47.6 OtherPlanningMechanisms 7‐47.7 ContinuedPublicInvolvement 7‐5

Appendices

A ReviewandApprovalDocumentationB MeetingDocumentationC PublicandCommunityParticipationD TabularDataE BusinessImpactAnalysisDocuments

AuburnUniversitySection01:ExecutiveSummary

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan–APADraft–June20,2016–Page1‐1

Section01ExecutiveSummary

ContentsofthisSection

1.1 Overview1.2 OrganizationofthePlan 1.3 HazardsandRisks1.4 CapabilityAssessment&FutureDevelopment1.5 MitigationStrategy1.6 PlanningProcess1.7 Approval1.8 Implementation 1.9 MonitoringandUpdatingthePlan1.10 FederalPlanningRequirements

1.1 OverviewOnOctober30,2000,thePresidentsignedintolawtheDisasterMitigationActof2000,alsoknownasDMA2000.Amongitsotherfeatures,DMA2000establishedarequirementthatinordertobeeligibletoreceivefederaldisasterassistanceandgrantfunds,localandstategovernmentsmustdevelopandadopthazardmitigationplans.OnFebruary26,2002,theFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)publishedanInterimFinalRule(IFR)thatsetforththeguidanceandregulationsunderwhichsuchplansaresupposedtobedeveloped.TheIFRprovidesdetaileddescriptionsofboththeplanningprocessthatstatesandlocalitiesarerequiredtoobserveandthecontentsoftheplanthatemerges.InOctober2011,FEMAissuedtheLocalMitigationPlanReviewGuide,whichbecameeffectiveOctober01,2012.InMarch2013,FEMAissuedtheLocalMitigationPlanningHandbook,whichwaseffectiveimmediatelyuponpublication.TheFEMAdocumentBuildingaDisasterResistantUniversity(FEMA443,August2003)closelyfollowstheFEMAmitigationplanningguidanceforlocalcommunities,andencouragescoordinativeeffortsamongUniversityresources,communitystakeholders,local,stateandfederalgovernmententities,nonprofitorganizations,andprivatesectorentities.TheDisasterResistantUniversity(DRU)isaplanninginitiativedesignedtodevelopcampushazardmitigationplanssimilartocityandcountyplanningefforts,whichpromotestheneedforcampusdisasterpreparedness,mitigation,response,andrecoveryactivities.TheAuburnUniversityDisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan(thePlan)respondstothoserequirementsandguidance.Hazardmitigationisoftendefinedasactionstakentoreducetheeffectsofnaturalhazardsonaplaceanditspopulation.AuburnUniversity(Auburn)decidedtodevelopthisplanbecauseof



continuedawarenessandunderstandingthatnaturalhazardshavethepotentialtoaffectpeople,physicalassets,andoperationswithintheAuburnCampusandotherUniversityholdings.ContactinformationforthePlanis:

Mr.RobertMannPlanner,EmergencyManagementDepartmentofPublicSafety&SecurityAuburnUniversity543WestMagnoliaAvenueAuburn,Alabama36849‐[email protected]

Thepurposeofamitigationplanistorationalizetheprocessofdeterminingappropriatehazardmitigationactions.ThedocumentincludesadetailedcharacterizationofnaturalhazardsthatcanaffectAuburn,ariskandvulnerabilityassessmentthatdescribespotentiallossestophysicalassets,people,andoperations,amitigationstrategythatguidescampusmitigationactivities,andadetailedplanforimplementingandmonitoringthePlan.Inaccordancewithfederalplanningrequirements,thisPlanalsoincludesdetailsandsupportingdocumentationillustratingtheprocessbywhichthePlanwasdeveloped.ThePlanfocusesonthirteen(13)naturalhazardsdeterminedtohavethepotentialtodamagephysicalassets,people,andoperationsatAuburnUniversity.Thesehazardsare:

1. Communicabledisease/pandemic2. Drought3. Earthquake4. Extremetemperature5. Flood6. Hail7. Highwind8. Lightning9. Severethunderstorm10. Sinkhole/landsubsidence11. Tornado12. Wildfire13. Winterstorm

Boththeriskassessmentandmitigationstrategysectionsreflectthesehazards,whichweretheresultofcarefulconsiderationbytheAuburnDRUAdvisoryCommittee.



1.2 OrganizationofthePlanThePlanisorganizedtoparallelthestructureprovidedintheIFR.ThePlanhassevenprimarysectionsandseveralappendices.

Section1 ExecutiveSummarySection2 UniversityProfileSection3 PlanningProcessSection4 HazardIdentification&RiskAssessmentSection5 CapabilityAssessment&FutureDevelopmentSection6 MitigationStrategySection7 PlanMonitoring&MaintenanceAppendicesA‐E

TherearereferencestotheIFRthroughoutthePlan.Wherepossible,theseprovidespecificsectionandsubsectionnotationstoaidthereviewprocess.

1.3 HazardsandRisksSections3and4ofthisPlanincludesdetaileddescriptionsoftheprocessthatwasusedtoassessandprioritizeAuburn’srisksfromnaturalhazards,qualitativeriskassessmentsforthemainAuburncampusasawhole,andmoredetailedassessmentsforcertainassetclasses.Eighteen(18)hazardswereconsideredbytheAdvisoryCommitteeforpotentialinclusioninthisPlan.ThislistwasdiscussedandreviewedbytheAdvisoryCommittee.Afterreviewanddiscussion,theCommitteedeterminedthatthirteen(13)ofthesehazardsposedmeasureableriskstoAuburn,andshouldbeincludedinthisPlan.Theseare:

1. Communicabledisease/pandemic2. Drought3. Earthquake4. Extremetemperature5. Flood6. Hail7. Highwind8. Lightning9. Severethunderstorm10. Sinkhole/landsubsidence11. Tornado12. Wildfire13. Winterstorm



Foreachofthesehazards,theprofilesinSection4include:

Description Location Extentandseverity Potentialimpacttolife,property,andoperations Historicoccurrences Probabilityofafutureoccurrence

AriskcalculationisaFEMArequirement.Riskisanumericalindicationofpotentialfuturedamages.AlthoughtherangeofeventsfromwinterweathertodroughtallhavesomepotentialtoaffecttheAuburnmaincampus,thirteen(13)hazardsweresingledoutforassessment,basedonhistoryandtheexperienceoftheAdvisoryCommitteemembers.Allhazardsprofiledreceivedaqualitativeriskassessment.Additionaldiscussion,andconsiderationofthebestdataavailable,identifiedfour(4)hazardstoreceiveanadditionalquantitativeriskassessment:flood,highwind,tornado,andwinterstorm.Thesefour(4)specifichazardswereselectedformuchmoredetailedassessmentsandestimationsoffuturedamages.Section4includesdetailsaboutthecalculationmethodologiesandupdatedresultsofthecampuswideriskandvulnerabilityassessment;theseresultsarerepresentedinTable1(belowandfollowing).

RiskAssessmentSummary

HazardRisktoPeople/LifeSafety

RisktoAssets

/Buildings

RisktoInfrastructure

RisktotheMissionof

theUniversity

AverageRiskRanking

Communicabledisease/pandemic

2.18Moderate

1.00Low

1.32Low

2.06Moderate

1.64Low‐Moderate

Drought 1.00Low

1.21Low

1.32Low

1.28Low

1.20Low

Earthquake 1.13Low

1.38Low

1.38Low

1.47Low

1.34Low

Extremetemperature

1.26Low

1.25Low

1.28Low

1.50Low‐

Moderate

1.32Low

Flood1.50Low‐

Moderate

1.88Low‐

Moderate

1.72Low‐Moderate

1.85Low‐

Moderate

1.74Low‐Moderate

Hail1.24Low

1.31Low

1.23Low

1.24Low

1.25Low

Highwind1.82Low‐

Moderate

2.19Moderate

2.00Moderate

2.21Moderate

2.05Moderate



RiskAssessmentSummary

HazardRisktoPeople/LifeSafety

RisktoAssets

/Buildings


RisktotheMissionof

theUniversity

AverageRiskRanking

Lightning 1.47Low

1.38Low

1.47Low

1.28Low

1.40Low

Severethunderstorm

1.25Low

1.46Low

1.30Low

1.34Low

1.34Low

Sinkhole/landsubsidence

1.00Low

1.20Low

1.20Low

1.31Low

1.18Low

Tornado2.09

Moderate2.41

Moderate2.31

Moderate2.38

Moderate2.30

Moderate

Wildfire1.03Low

1.22Low

1.22Low

1.37Low

1.21Low

Winterstorm 1.21Low

1.47Low

1.63Low‐Moderate

2.00Moderate

1.57Low‐Moderate

Table1

1.4CapabilityAssessment&FutureDevelopmentSection5ofthisPlandescribesAuburn’scapabilitiesforundertakingandimplementingmitigationactions,anddiscussestheknownfuturedevelopmentplannedforthecampus.

1.5 MitigationStrategySection6ofthisPlandescribesAuburn’sprioritiesformitigationactions.Thesectiondividestheactionsbypriority,anddescribestheestimatedfundingrequired,sourcesoffunding,thelevelofsupport,andtheproposedtimingoftheaction.ThesectionalsoincludesAuburn’shazardmitigationgoalsandobjectives.

1.6 PlanningProcessSection3providesdetailsabouttheprocessthatwasusedtodevelopthisPlan.TheprocesscloselyfollowedtheguidanceintheFEMA386seriesofplanningguidance,whichrecommendafour‐stageprocessfordevelopingmitigationplans. Step1:Organizeresources Step2:Assessrisks Step3:Developamitigationplan Step4:Implementtheplanandmonitorprogress



Step1,organizingresources,isdescribedinSection3(PlanningProcess).Thesectionincludesdetailsaboutwhowasinvolved,theprocessesthatwereusedtoestablishleadershipandadvisorygroups,andpublicandotheroutreachandinvolvementefforts.Step2,theriskassessment,wascompletedbytheDRUAdvisoryCommittee.TheRiskAssessmentisincludedasSection4ofthePlan,andincludesaHazardIdentificationdiscussionforeachhazard.Step3,developmentoftheMitigationPlan,isdescribedinSection3(PlanningProcess)andSection6(MitigationStrategy).Section3includesdetailsaboutwhowasinvolved,theprocessesthatwereused,andtheproductsthatweredeveloped.Section6includesspecificdetailsabouttheidentificationanddevelopmentofthemitigationstrategybaseduponSection4(HazardIdentification&RiskAssessment)andSection5(CapabilityAssessment&FutureDevelopment).Step4,implementingthePlan,isdescribedintheMitigationStrategyinSection6,whichincludesdetailsaboutwhoisresponsibleforimplementationofspecificstrategiesandactions;andinSection7,thePlanMonitoring&Maintenancesection,whichdescribeslong‐termimplementationthroughperiodicupdatesandreviews.

1.7 ApprovalNotetoReviewers:Thesedateswillbefilledinoncetheactionshavebeencompleted.TheDRUAdvisoryCommitteewasresponsibleforrecommendingplanapprovaltothePresidentofAuburnUniversity(thePresident)andtheBoardofTrustees(theBoard).Followingapproval,thePlanwassubmittedtotheAlabamaEmergencyManagementAgency(AEMA)andFEMARegionIV.AEMAandFEMAreviewedandfoundtheplantobeApprovablePendingAdoption.ConsistentwiththatAPAapproval,thePresidentapprovedthisDisasterResistantUniversityPlanon{InsertDATE}.DocumentationwassubmittedtoAEMAandFEMA,whoformallyapprovedthePlanon{InsertDate}.

1.8 ImplementationTheimplementationprocessisdescribedaspartofthespecificactionsintheMitigationStrategyinSection6andthePlanMonitoring&MaintenanceprocessdescribedinSection7.

1.9 MonitoringandUpdatingthePlanSection7(PlanMonitoring&Maintenance)describesthescheduleandproceduresforensuringthatthePlanstayscurrent.ThesectionidentifieswhenthePlanmustbeupdated,whoisresponsiblefor



monitoringthePlan,andensuringthattheupdateproceduresareimplemented.Thissectionprovidesacombinationofcyclicaldates(orientedtoFEMArequirements)andtriggeringeventsthatwillinitiateamendmentsandupdatestothePlan.TheAuburnUniversityAssociateDirectorforEmergencyManagementisresponsibleformonitoringthePlanandinitiatingtheupdateprocess.ThepointofcontactatAuburnis:

Mr.ChanceCorbettAssociateDirector,EmergencyManagementDepartmentofPublicSafety&SecurityAuburnUniversity543WestMagnoliaAvenueAuburn,Alabama36849‐[email protected]

1.10 FederalPlanningRequirementsAccordingtothefederalrulesdescribingtheDisasterMitigationActof2000(FR8848,Feb.26,2002,asamendedat67FR61515,Oct.1,2002),“Thelocalmitigationplanistherepresentationofthejurisdiction’scommitmenttoreducerisksfromnaturalhazards.”Localplansserve“asaguidefordecisionmakersastheycommitresourcestoreducingtheeffectsofnaturalhazards.Localplanswillalsoserveasthebasisforthestatetoprovidetechnicalassistanceandtoprioritizeprojectfunding.”Relevantfederalplanningrequirementsincludeestablishingminimumstandardsforgrantprogrameligibilityandoutliningaplanningprocess.GrantProgramEligibilityThevariousfederalmitigationgrantprogramsandtheirplanningrequirementsarelistedbelow:HazardMitigationGrantProgram(HMGP)Accordingto44CFR§201.3,“FordisastersdeclaredafterNovember1,2004,alocalgovernmentmusthaveamitigationplanapprovedpursuanttothissectioninordertoreceiveHMGPprojectgrants.”Pre‐DisasterMitigation(PDM)Accordingto44CFR§203,“ByNovember1,2003,localgovernmentsmusthaveamitigationplanapprovedpursuanttothissectioninordertoreceiveaprojectgrantthroughthePDMprogram,authorizedunderSection203oftheRobertT.StaffordDisasterReliefandEmergencyAssistanceAct,42U.S.C.5133.PDMplanninggrantswillcontinuetobemadeavailabletoalllocalgovernmentsafterthistimetoenablethemtomeettherequirementsofthissection.”



FloodMitigationAssistance(FMA)Accordingto44CFR§78.4,“TobeeligibleforProjectGrants,aneligibleapplicantwilldevelop,andhaveapprovedbytheFEMARegionalDirector,aFloodMitigationPlaninaccordancewith§78.5.”PublicAssistance(PA)StateandlocalgovernmentsareeligibletoreceiveassistanceintheemergencycategoriesofthePAprogram(CategoriesAandB).However,anapprovedstatehazardmitigationplanisrequiredforanyapplicant,stateorlocal,tobeeligibletoobtainfundingassistanceforanycategoriesof“permanentwork”undertheFEMAPublicAssistanceProgram[CategoriesCthroughG].Accordingto44CFR§206.226,“Inordertoreceiveassistanceunderthissection,asofNovember1,2004(subjectto44CFR201.4(a)(2)),thestatemusthaveinplaceaFEMAapprovedStateHazardMitigationPlanUpdateinaccordancewith44CFRpart201.”PlanningProcessRequirementsTheprocessusedtodevelopthisPlanforAuburnisconsistentwiththerequirementsdefinedintheInterimFinalRuleand44CFR,§201.6.

AuburnUniversitySection02:UniversityProfile

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan–APADRAFT–June20,2016–Page2‐1

Section02UniversityProfile


2.1 Introduction2.2 Location,Climate,andPopulationofAuburnUniversity2.3 Transportation2.4 Communications2.5 EmergencyServices

2.1 IntroductionTherecommendationsandfindingsintheAuburnUniversityDisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan(thePlan)arebasedinlargepartonidentificationofpastandpotentialproblemsduetonaturalhazards.Aspartoftheprocessofidentifyingpotentialproblems,itisusefultounderstandthephysicalandsocialcharacteristicsoftheAuburnUniversitycampus.ItisalsoimportanttounderstandanyrelatedplanningeffortsbyLeeCountyandtheStateofAlabama’sEmergencyManagementAgency(AEMA).HistoryTheEastAlabamaMaleCollegewascharteredin1856,andopeneditsdoorsin1859asanall‐maleliberalartseducationalinstitution.Thecollegewasclosedfrom1861to1866,duetotheCivilWar.Fromitsinception,thecollegehadanaffiliationwiththeMethodistChurch.Duetoadirefinancialsituation,however,thechurchtransferredlegalcontrolofthecollegetotheStateofAlabamain1872,makingitthefirstland‐grantcollegeintheformerConfederacytobeestablishedseparatefromthestateuniversity.Afterthetransfer,thenamewaschangedtotheAgriculturalandMechanicalCollegeofAlabama.1TheMorrillActestablishedfundingforland‐grantcollegesforthepurposeof“withoutexcludingotherscientificandclassicalstudiesandincludingmilitarytactic,toteachsuchbranchesoflearningasarerelatedtoagricultureandthemechanicarts,insuchmannerasthelegislatureoftheStatesmayrespectivelyprescribe,inordertopromotetheliberalandpracticaleducationoftheindustrialclassesintheseveralpursuitsandprofessionalinlife.”2AuburnUniversityreceivedthisdesignationin1872,underthenameAgriculturalandMechanicalCollegeofAlabama.3Beginningin1892,AuburnUniversitybeganadmittingwomen,thusmakingAuburntheoldestcoeducationaluniversityinthestateofAlabamaandthesecondoldestintheSoutheast.In1899,theinstitutionchangednamesagain,toAlabamaPolytechnicInstitute.In1960,theuniversityfinallyadopteditscurrentmoniker–AuburnUniversity.4



Today,AuburnUniversitycontainsthirteen(13)collegesandschools:

CollegeofAgriculture(1872) SamuelGinnCollegeofEngineering(1872) GraduateSchool(1872) JamesHarrisonSchoolofPharmacy(1885) CollegeofVeterinaryMedicine(1907) CollegeofArchitecture,Design,&Construction(1907) CollegeofEducation(1915) CollegeofHumanSciences(1916) CollegeofBusiness(1967) SchoolofNursing(1979) SchoolofForestryandWildlifeSciences(1984) CollegeofSciencesandMathematics(1986) CollegeofLiberalArts(1986)5

Today,AuburnUniversityisamongahandfulofAmericanuniversitiesdesignatedasaland‐grant,sea‐grant,andspace‐grantresearchcenter.6

GovernanceSince1920,AuburnUniversityhasbeengovernedbyaBoardofTrustees,presidedoverbytheGovernorofAlabama.Currentlycomprisedoffourteenmembers(includingtheGovernor,whoservesasPresidentoftheBoard)theBoardservesastheUniversity’sgoverningbody.7TheUniversity’sexecutiveofficeisoverseenbytheUniversityPresident.Executivestaff,suchastheChancellor,theProvost,andvariousvicepresidents,reporttotheUniversityPresident.OthergoverningbodiesatAuburnUniversityincludetheAdministrative&ProfessionalAssembly,theStudentGovernmentAssociation,theUniversitySenate,andtheUniversityStaffCouncil.8

Vision&MissionAuburnUniversity’scurrentVision&MissionstatementwasapprovedbytheBoardofTrusteesin1997,andamendedin2004.Thestatementsaysinpart:

AuburnUniversity’smissionisdefinedbyitsland‐granttraditionsofserviceandaccess.TheUniversitywillservethecitizensoftheStatethroughitsinstructional,researchandoutreachprogramsandprepareAlabamianstorespondsuccessfullytothechallengesofaglobaleconomy.TheUniversitywillprovidetraditionalandnon‐traditionalstudentsbroadaccesstotheinstitution'seducationalresources.Inthedeliveryofeducationalprogramsoncampusandbeyond,theUniversitywilldrawheavilyuponthenewinstructionalandoutreachtechnologiesavailableintheemerginginformationage.

Asacomprehensiveuniversity,AuburnUniversityiscommittedtoofferinghigh‐qualityundergraduate,graduate,andprofessionaleducationtoitsstudents.TheUniversitywillgivehighestpriorityforresourceallocationforthefuturedevelopmentofthoseareasthatrepresentthetraditionalstrengths,quality,reputation,anduniquenessoftheinstitutionandthatcontinueto



effectivelyrespondtotheneedsofstudentsandotherconstituents.Consistentwiththiscommitment,theUniversitywillemphasizeabroadandsuperiorundergraduateeducationthatimpartstheknowledge,skills,andvaluessoessentialtoeducatedandresponsiblecitizens.Atthesametime,theUniversitywillprovidehigh‐qualitygraduateandprofessionalprogramsinareasofneedandimportancetothestateandbeyond.Toaccomplishtheseeducationalgoals,AuburnUniversitywillcontinuetocompetenationallytoattractafacultydistinguishedbyitscommitmenttoteachingandbyitsachievementsinresearch,bothpureandapplied.TheUniversitywillstrivetoattractafacultythatwillbringdistinctionandstaturetotheundergraduate,graduateandprofessionalprogramsofferedbytheUniversity.

Becauseresearchisessentialtothemissionofaland‐grantuniversity,AuburnUniversitywillcontinuedevelopmentofitsresearchprograms.TheprimaryfocusofthisresearchwillbedirectedtothesolutionofproblemsandthedevelopmentofknowledgeandtechnologyimportanttothestateandnationandtothequalityoflifeofAlabamacitizens.TheUniversity'sresearchprogramswillmakeimportantcontributionstoinstructionalprogramsthroughtheinvolvementofgraduateandundergraduatestudentsandtherenewalofthefaculty.Researchwillalsoprovidetheknowledgebaseforoutreachprograms.Incarryingoutitsresearchmission,theUniversitywillemphasizeestablishedareasofstrengthandwillfocusavailableresourcesinthoseareasofresearchanddoctoralstudythatare,orhavethepotentialtodevelopintonationallyandinternationallyrecognizedcentersofexcellence.Extensionandoutreachprogramsarefundamentaltotheland‐grantmissionbecausetheseprogramsdirectlyaffectthelivesofallcitizensinthestate.TheUniversitywillmaintainthestrengthsofitstraditionaloutreachprogramsandwillincreasinglyinvolvethebroaderUniversityinoutreachprogramsthatrespondtothechangingneedsofthesocietyinwhichwelive.TheUniversitywillcontinuetoseeknewandinnovativewaystoreachouttothepeopleitserves.9

2.2 Location,Climate,andPopulationofAuburnUniversityLocationAuburn,ALisasmalluniversitytownlocatedineasternAlabama,approximately50mileseastofMontgomery,thestatecapital,and115milessouthwestofAtlanta.10ThecityofAuburnhasapopulationofapproximately60,000people,accordingtothe2014USCensusBureauestimate.11AuburnUniversityissituatedonapproximately1,841acres,largelywithinthecityofAuburn,AL.Figure1(following)illustratesthelocationofthecampusinrelationtothelargercommunity.12



Figure1

ClimateandTopographyAccordingtotheLeeCounty,AlabamaNaturalHazardsMitigationPlan,Auburntypicallyexperienceslong,warmsummersandshort,mildwinters.Theannualmeantemperatureisapproximately65degreesFahrenheit.Theaverageannualprecipitationisapproximately55inches.Thenaturalresourcesintheareaincludewater,forest,clay,sand,andgravel.Alargenetworkofcreeksandlakes,aswellastheChattahoocheeRiver,formalargerwatershedintheeasternportionofthearea.ThewesternportionoftheareaaredrainedbytheSaugahatcheeandChewalacreeks,whichflowintotheTallapoosaRiver.13

PopulationStudentPopulationForthe2015‐2016academicyear,totalenrollmentfortheUniversitywas27,287students,brokendownasfollows:



AuburnUniversityStudentCountCategory CountTotalenrollment 27,287Undergraduatestudents 21,786Graduatestudents 4,398Professionalstudents 1,103Table1

Forthe2015‐2016academicyear,themaletofemalestudentratioisevenlysplit50/50.14EmployeePopulationAsofSeptember2015,AuburnUniversityemployed12,062people,inthefollowingclassifications15:

AuburnUniversityEmployeeCountCategory CountFull‐time9monthfaculty 891Full‐timebiweeklyemployees 1,444Full‐time12monthfaculty 348Full‐time12monthemployees 2,202Graduateassistants 1,980Part‐time9monthfaculty 163Part‐timebiweeklyemployees 235Part‐time12monthfaculty 22Part‐time12monthemployees 39Studentworkers(graduateandundergraduate) 3,264Temporaryemploymentservice 1,326Workstudystudents 148Total 12,062Table2

Thestudent/facultyratioatAuburnUniversityis18:1.93%ofthefacultyattheUniversityhasaterminaldegree;205facultymembersareclassifiedasminorities.16

2.3 TransportationAccordingtotheLeeCounty,AlabamaNaturalHazardMitigationPlan,thecountyisbisectedbyInterstate85,andliescenterbetweenthecapitalcitiesofbothAlabamaandGeorgia.Thereare984milesofpavedroadsand424milesofunpavedroadsinthearea.TheareaisservedbyfreightrailthroughtheNorfolkSouthernandSeaboardrailroads.17AuburnUniversityhasavarietyoftransportationoptionsavailabletobothcampususersandtothecommunityatlarge.TigerTransitisafreetransitservicetoallUniversitystudentsandemployees



forallcampusroutes.Theservicegenerallyrunsfrom7:00until17:00whenclassesareinsession.18Theserviceisalsoavailabletothegeneralpubliconademandbasis.Tripsmayalsobescheduledinadvance,suchasformedicalappointments.Faresforthepublicarebasedonserviceanddistance.19OthertransitofferingsontheAuburncampusincludetheCampusSecurityShuttle,whichoffersridesfromandtoanyon‐campuslocationfrom18:00to7:00eachday(exceptforeveningfootballgamesandUniversityholidays).NightTransitrunstoallexternalTigerTransitdestinationseachweekdayeveningfrom18:15to22:00.Inaddition,bikingisencouragedonthecampus,andstudentsandemployeesmaybringapersonalvehicle,butmustregistertheirvehiclewithparkingservices.20Jordan‐HareStadiumForapproximatelysixSaturdayseachfall,Jordan‐HareStadiumbecomesthefifth‐largestcityintheStateofAlabama.SituatedintheheartoftheAuburnUniversitycampus,Jordan‐Hareisthe10thlargeston‐campusfootballstadium.Whenfilledtocapacity,asitoftenis,thestadiumseats87,451,notincludingseveralhundredplayers,coaches,andathleticstaff.21HomefootballgamesontheAuburnUniversitycampussignificantlyincreasethenumberofcampususersandtheamountoftrafficonthecampus.Becauseofthis,manycampusroadsareclosedtovehiculartrafficseveralhourspriortokickoff,andspecialparkingrulesareplacedineffectforseveralhoursbeforeandaftereachgame.Forsomegames,suchastheannualIronBowl,thosespecialrulesareineffectforseveraldayspriortothestartofthegame.22Figure2(following)providesanillustrationofthechangestoparking,traffic,andpathwaysforpedestriansonGamedays.23



Figure2



2.4 CommunicationsAuburnUniversityhasavarietyofon‐campuscommunicationsmeans,includingemergencycommunications.AUALERTisthesystemdesignatedtocommunicatetime‐sensitiveinformationtoallcampususers,andtoprovideinformationanddirectionduringpotentiallydangeroussituations.TheAUALERTsystemiscomprisedofthefollowingelements:

Text,voice,andemailmessages:EmergencyalertsaresenttoallUniversityemailaddressesandUniversity‐providedcellphones.Studentsandemployeesarerequiredtoregisteraphonenumber.

Socialnetworkingsites:TwitterandFacebookareusedaspassivenotificationsystems. Outdoorwarningsirens:Thereareeight(8)voice/tonesirensonthecampus,designed

primarilytoreachcampususerswhoareoutdoors. Indoorpublicaddress:Somecampusbuildingshaveindoorpublicaddresssystems. Buildingfirealarms:Thesealarmsareusedtonotifypeopletoevacuatethebuildinginthe

eventofafireorotheremergency. Desktopalerting:EmergencyalertsaresentdirectlytoUniversitycomputers,andare

prominentlydisplayedonthedesktopwhenissued. CableTVemergencyalertsystem:TheUniversity’scabletelevisionsystemisequippedto

broadcastmessagesissuedbytheNationalWeatherServiceandvariousfederal,state,orlocalemergencymanagementagencies,andcanbeusedtoissueUniversity‐specificmessages.

Digitaldisplays:Manycampusbuildingshaveinteriordigitaldisplaysthatcanalsobeusedtodisplayemergencyalertsandmessages.24

2.5 EmergencyServices TheCleryAct,passedin1990,requiresallcollegesanduniversitieswhoreceivefederalfundingtoshareinformationregardingcrimeontheircampusandthecampus’effortstoinformationthepublicofcrimeonoraroundthecampus.Thisinformationmustbeprovidedtothepublicthroughtheuniversity’sannualsecurityreport.TheActalsorequiresthatcollegesanduniversitiesmustoutlinespecificpoliciesandprocedures,includingthoserelatedtodisseminatingtimelyemergencywarningsandnotifications,optionsforsurvivorsofsexualassault,domesticviolence,andstalking,andcampuscrimereportingprocesses.25AuburnUniversityissuesthisannualsecurityandsafetyreporteachOctober.26ManyoftheemergencyservicesprovidedontheAuburnUniversitycampusareprovidedinpartnershipwithexternalagencies.Thesepartnershipsallowforrobustresponsecapacityandsignificantredundancywithintheemergencyservicescapacityonthecampus.



On‐campussecurityauthoritiesaredefinedbytheCleryActasCityofAuburnPoliceDivisionofficers,AuburnUniversityDepartmentofPublicSafety&Securitypersonnel,otherindividualswhohaveresponsibilityforcampussecurity(butwhodonotworkfortheDepartmentofPublicSafety&Security,includingcontractedsecurityproviders),orofficialswhohavesignificantresponsibilityforstudentandcampusactivities.TheCityofAuburnPoliceDivisionprovidespoliceservicesforthecampus,throughacontractwiththeUniversity.AuburnUniversitydoesemployalimitednumberofswornofficerswitharrestpowers,toassistinUniversity‐specificinvestigationsandenforcementofUniversitypolicies.Theseofficersarenotresponsibleforlawenforcementandarenotresponsibleforwritingreports,butdohavetheauthoritytoenforcelawsandUniversitypolicies.Likewise,AuburnUniversitydoesnotoperateaninternalfireresponseservice.Rather,fireresponseandsuppressionservicesareprovidedthroughacontractwiththeCityofAuburnFireDivision.27 Endnotes

1AuburnUniversity.AboutAuburnUniversity.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/main/welcome/aboutauburn.html27U.S.C.,§304.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttps://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/7/3043AuburnUniversity.AboutAuburnUniversity.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/main/welcome/aboutauburn.html4AuburnUniversity.AboutAuburnUniversity.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/main/welcome/aboutauburn.html5AuburnUniversity.AboutAuburnUniversity.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/main/welcome/aboutauburn.html6AuburnUniversity.AboutAuburnUniversity.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/main/welcome/aboutauburn.html7AuburnUniversity.Administration.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/administration/8AuburnUniversity.Administration.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/administration/9AuburnUniversity.VisionandMissionStatement.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/main/welcome/visionandmission.html10AuburnUniversity.AbouttheArea.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/main/welcome/aboutthearea.html11USCensusBureau.State&CountyQuickfacts:Auburn,AL.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/01/0103076.html12AuburnUniversityComprehensiveCampusMasterPlanUpdate2013.Print.13LeeCounty,AlabamaNaturalHazardMitigationPlan.2010.Print.14AuburnUniversity.QuickFacts.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/main/welcome/factsandfigures.html15AuburnUniversity.EmployeeStatisticsasof092815.Print.16AuburnUniversity.QuickFacts.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/main/welcome/factsandfigures.html17LeeCounty,AlabamaNaturalHazardMitigationPlan.2010.Print.18AuburnUniversity.TigerTransit.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/administration/parking_transit/transit/index.php19Lee‐RussellCouncilofGovernments.Lee‐RussellPublicTransit.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.lrcog.com/LRPT.html



20AuburnUniversity.Transportation.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/student_info/student_affairs/AUPA/transportation.php21AuburnUniversity.AuburnGameday.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburntigers.com/facilities/jordan_hare_stadium.html22AuburnUniversity.AuburnGameday.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburntigers.com/gameday/parkingandtraffic.html23AuburnUniversity.AuburnGamedayMap.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/aub/sports/m‐footbl/auto_pdf/2015‐16/misc_non_event/20150819_gameday_map.pdf24AuburnUniversity.AUAlert.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttps://cws.auburn.edu/aualert/25CleryCenterforSecurityonCampus.SummaryoftheJeanneCleryAct.Retrieved01.29.16fromhttp://clerycenter.org/summary‐jeanne‐clery‐act26AuburnUniversity.AuburnUniversitySecurityReports.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/administration/public_safety/campus_safety.html27AuburnUniversity.AuburnUniversityMainCampus2014AnnualSecurityandFireSafetyReport.2015.Retrieved01.19.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/administration/public_safety/documents/Main%20Campus%20Annual%20Security%20&%20Fire%20Safety%20Report%20FINAL.pdf

AuburnUniversitySection03:PlanningProcess


Section03PlanningProcess


3.1 InterimFinalRuleRequirementforthePlanningProcess3.2 DescriptionofthePlanDevelopmentProcess3.3 InvolvementbythePublicandOtherInterestedParties3.4 ReviewandIncorporationofPlans,Studies,Reports,andOtherInformation

3.1 InterimFinalRuleRequirementsforthePlanningProcess

44CFR,§201.6(b):Anopenpublicinvolvementprocessisessentialtothedevelopmentofaneffectiveplan.Inordertodevelopamorecomprehensiveapproachtoreducingtheeffectsofnaturaldisasters,theplanningprocessshallinclude:

(1) Anopportunityforthepublictocommentontheplanduringthedraftingstageandpriortoplanapproval;

(2) Anopportunityforneighboringcommunities,localandregionalagenciesinvolvedinhazardmitigationactivities,andagenciesthathavetheauthoritytoregulatedevelopment,aswellasbusinesses,academia,andotherprivateandnon‐profitintereststobeinvolvedintheplanningprocess;and

(3) Reviewandincorporation,ifappropriate,ofexistingplans,studies,reports,andtechnicalinformation.

44CFR,§201.6(c)(1):[Theplanshalldocument]theplanningprocessusedtodeveloptheplan,includinghowitwasprepared,whowasinvolvedintheprocess,andhowthepublicwasinvolved.

3.2 DescriptionofthePlanDevelopmentProcess

HowthePlanwasPrepared(Overview)TheAuburnUniversityDisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan(thePlan)waspreparedinaccordancewiththeprocessestablishedinBuildingaDisasterResistantUniversity(FEMAPublication433)producedbytheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA),FEMA’sHowToSeries(FEMAPublication386),andtherequirementsoftheFebruary26,2002InterimFinalRule(IFR).TheprocessestablishedinFEMA386and433includesfourbasicsteps.



Step1:Organizeresources Step2:Assessrisks Step3:Developamitigationplan Step4:AdoptionandImplementation

TheFEMAPublicationStateandLocalMitigationPlanningHow‐toGuides(FEMAPublicationSeries386)wasreferencedandusedextensivelyforthedevelopmentofthisPlan.ThisisthemainresourceFEMAprovidestostateandlocalgovernmentsfordevelopinghazardmitigationplansandassuchtheideas,concepts,andmethodofthisdocumentcorresponddirectlytoFEMA433withoutthefocusbeingsolelyontheUniversitysetting.TheguidanceprovedvaluableandapplicableinalmostallcircumstancesinthedevelopmentofthePlan.

Step1:OrganizeResourcesTheAuburnUniversityEmergencyManagementDivision,housedwithintheDepartmentofPublicSafetyandSecurity,wastheleadofficeforthedevelopmentofthePlan.Atthebeginningoftheprocess,aconsultingfirm,WittO’Brien’s,washiredtoprovidetechnicalsupporttotheUniversityinthisprocess,tofacilitatethedevelopmentofthePlan,todraftallPlandocuments,andtoworkwithvariouslocal,state,andfederalagenciesduringthereviewandapprovalprocess.Inaddition,severalindividualsfromUniversitydepartmentsandorganizationsworkedtogethertodevelopthePlan.TheseparticipantswereorganizedintoagroupcalledtheDisasterResistantUniversity(DRU)AdvisoryCommittee.TheDRUAdvisoryCommitteeisdedicatedtoprotectingthelifeandsafetyofstudentsandfacultyandUniversityproperty,aswellastoprotectingtheUniversity’sabilitytocarryoutitsmission.ThedutiesandresponsibilitiesforthisCommitteeconsistedofrepresentingtheirdepartmentororganization’sinterests,servingasthepointofcontactfortheirdepartmentororganization,andcompletingthenecessarytasks,includingdatacollection,identificationofmitigationactions,andreviewingthePlanproducts.TheDRUAdvisoryCommitteealsoidentifiedthehazardsthatcouldaffectUniversityassetsandcampususers,andthendevelopedariskassessmentwhichprovidedthefoundationforeverythinginthisPlan.Thetable(Table1)onthefollowingpagesprovidedetailsofthemembershipoftheAdvisoryCommittee.



AuburnUniversityDisasterResistantUniversityAdvisoryCommitteeMembership

NameDepartment/Organization

PhoneNumber

Email

Acker,David AuburnUniversity,RiskManagement&Safety 334.332.5353 [email protected]

Adams,John AuburnUniversity,MedicalClinic

334.844.6157 [email protected]

Brown,Dwayne AuburnUniversity,AlumniAffairs


Carpenter,Bennett EastAlabamaEMS 334.444.6595 [email protected]

Carroll,JimAuburnUniversity,CampusPlanning&SpaceManagement


Carson,KathyLeeCounty,EmergencyManagementAgency 334.749.8161 [email protected]

Clardy,MikeAuburnUniversity,Communications&Marketing


Colswell,Tommy CityofAuburn,PoliceDivision


Cooper,Cathy AuburnUniversity,RiskManagement&Safety


Corbett,ChanceAuburnUniversity,DepartmentofPublicSafety&Security


Eick,ChristineAuburnUniversity,RiskManagement&Safety 334.844.4755 [email protected]

Frazier,Kenny CityofAuburn,PoliceDivision 334.501.3131 [email protected]

George,Kelly WittO'Brien's,LLC 813.810.5429 [email protected]

Helms,John AuburnUniversity,OfficeofInformationTechnology


Hensarling,Robert

AuburnUniversity,CollegeofAgriculture 334.844.3596 [email protected]

Holley,JessicaAuburnUniversity,InternationalPrograms 334.740.5123 [email protected]

Hoult,KevinAuburnUniversity,UniversityHousing&ResidenceLife


Jordan,Matt CityofAuburn,FireDivision 334.501.3165 [email protected]

Kam,Frederick AuburnUniversity,MedicalClinic


Kirkus,AsaAlabamaDepartmentofTransportation 334.241.8590 [email protected]





PhoneNumber

Email

Koch,Virginia AuburnUniversity,ResidenceLife 334.844.3460 [email protected]

Langley,Johnny LeeCounty,EmergencyManagementAgency


Lankford,John CityofAuburn,FireDivision 334.501.3163 [email protected]

Littlejohn,LynAuburnUniversity,DepartmentofPublicSafety&Security


Majors,James LeeCountySheriff'sOffice 334.737.7101 [email protected]

Mann,RobertAuburnUniversity,DepartmentofPublicSafety&Security


Maxwell,Sandra WittO'Brien's,LLC 404.964.2935 [email protected]

McAllister,SusanAuburnUniversity,DepartmentofPublicSafety&Security


McCormick,KarlaAuburnUniversity,HumanResources 334.844.4183 [email protected]

Ostrowski,Stephanie

AuburnUniversity,CollegeofVeterinaryMedicine 334.844.2722 [email protected]

Ramsey,Jeff CityofAuburn,PublicWorks 334.501.3000 [email protected]

Smith,Margaret AuburnUniversity,FacilitiesManagement


Steele,Jeff AuburnUniversity,Athletics 334.750.3129 [email protected]

Tennant,AndyAuburnUniversity,JCSMuseum 334.844.3081 [email protected]

Wallace,Chris LeeCountySheriff'sOffice 334.737.7182 [email protected]

Weiss,Deborah AuburnUniversity,InternationalPrograms


Table1MeetingScheduleTherewereseveralmeetingsconductedduringthedevelopmentofthePlan.Themeetingsfocusedprimarilyonthereviewofwork‐in‐progressforthedevelopmentofthePlan.Meetingsalsoservedasinformationanddatacollectionsessions,asanopportunityforthemembersoftheAdvisoryCommitteetodiscussanddebatedecisions,andasaformatfortheCommitteetoprovidedirectionorguidancetotheplanningconsultants.Additionaldiscussionswereheldfortheplandevelopmentactivitiesbutarenotnecessarilylistedinthefollowingtable(Table2),astheywerenotformalmeetingsoftheCommitteeandmaynothavebeendocumented.



PlanDevelopmentMeetingSummaryDate Meeting Summation

October08,2015

Meeting#1

PlandevelopmentkickoffmeetingforAdvisoryCommittee;reviewedelementsofplantobedeveloped,andregulatoryrequirementsforplandevelopment;completedhazardidentificationexercise,todeterminehazardstobeincluded/excludedfromplanupdate;discussedBusinessImpactAnalysis,andwhateachdepartmentwillbeaskedtoprovidefortheprocess.

October29,2015

Meeting#2

PlandevelopmentworkmeetingforAdvisoryCommittee;completedqualitativerankingexerciseforeachhazard;discussedanddeterminedhazardstoreceivequantitativeassessment;reviewedandaffirmedproposedmitigationstrategygoalswithsomemodifications;providedupdateonBusinessImpactAnalysis.

December01,2015

Meeting#3

FinalplandevelopmentworkmeetingforAdvisoryCommittee;reviewedproposedmitigationstrategy;discussed,affirmed,orexcludedproposedactions;determinednewactionstobeincludedin2015Update.

January2016 WorkgroupmeetingsWorkgroupreviewedanddeterminedpriorityandresponsibilityforactionsincludedinthemitigationstrategy.

February2016AdvisoryCommitteereviewandcomment

ReviewdraftofplanprovidedtoAdvisoryCommitteeforreviewandcomment.

March3,2016–April15,2016

Publicreviewandcomment

Publicandexternalstakeholderreviewandcommentofdraftplan.

Table2AppendixBcontainsdocumentationforthesemeetingsincludingagendas,sign‐insheets,inviteelists,presentationmaterials,andmeetingnoteswhereappropriate.

Step2:AssessRisksInaccordancewithmitigationplanningpractices,aswellastheprocessFEMAestablishedinitsguidance,theriskassessmentformsthebasisforthisPlanbyquantifyingandrationalizinginformationabouthownaturalhazardsaffectAuburn’speopleandassets.



Theprocessesusedtocompletethehazardidentificationandriskassessments,andtheresultsoftheseactivities,aredescribedinSection4ofthisPlan.TheassessmentconsideredseveralaspectsoftherisksofhazardsfacedbytheUniversity: Thenaturalhazardsthataremostlikelytoaffecttheplanningarea; Howoftenhazardsareexpectedtoimpacttheplanningarea; Theexpectedseverityofthehazards; Whatlocalizedareasarelikelytobeaffectedbyhazards; HowAuburn’smission,assets,operations,people,andinfrastructuremaybeimpactedby

thehazards;and Theexpectedfuturelossesiftheriskisnotmitigated.

Usingexistingstateandlocalmitigationplansasaguide,theAdvisoryCommitteefirstidentifiedallnaturalhazardswiththepotentialtoimpacttheUniversity.Next,basedonhistoricoccurrenceandinstitutionalknowledge,thecommitteereducedtheinitiallistofhazardsdowntothirteen(13)thatwereconsideredthemostrelevantforthistypeofplanningprocess.ThesehazardsaredescribedintheHazardProfilingportionofthePlan(Section4).Asaresultofin‐depthexaminationofthecharacteristicsofthereducedlistofhazards,theAdvisoryCommitteewasabletomakequalitativedeterminationsthatallowedfurtherrefinementofthefocusofthisPlan.TheseareconsideredbytheAdvisoryCommitteetorepresentthepredominantriskstotheUniversity.AdditionaldiscussiondeterminedthatsomehazardspresentedmoresignificantriskstotheUniversitythanothers,andthatthesemoresignificanthazardsshouldreceiveadditionalquantitativeassessments.Foreachofthesehazards,theconsultantsperformedquantitativeriskassessments,i.e.calculationsofestimatedlosses.Theresultsoftheriskassessmentwerealsomadeavailabletothepublicduringthepublicpresentations.ThefullprocessandresultsofthisworkispresentedintheRiskAssessmentportionofthisPlan(Section4).FurtherdiscussiondeterminedthatitwasinthebestinterestoftheUniversitytolimittheplanningareatotheareasandassetsmostcommonlyreferredtoastheMainCampus,locatedinLeeCounty,inAuburn,AL.TheinclusionofAuburn’sadditionallandholdings,locatedineachcountyofthestate,isanextensiveundertaking,andwillbere‐evaluatedduringfutureupdatestothisPlan.TheAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthattheinclusionoftheseadditionalholdingswouldbealessdauntingundertakingduringfutureupdates,oncethebasePlanwasdrafted,established,reviewed,approved,andimplemented.

Step3:DeveloptheMitigationPlanAspartoftheirtasking,theconsultantsreviewedexistingplansanddocuments,consideredtheresultsoftheriskassessment,anddevelopedaproposedmitigationstrategyforreviewbytheAdvisoryCommittee.TheAdvisoryCommitteereviewedtheproposedgoalsandobjectivesofthemitigationstrategy,anddeterminedthatsomeminoreditstolanguagewereinorder.Basedonthesegoalsandobjectives,specificmitigationactionswereaffirmed/excluded/developedand



organizedintotheMitigationStrategy.TheMitigationStrategywasdiscussedandvalidatedbytheAdvisoryCommittee.TheresultsoftheseeffortsaredetailedinSection6.

Step4:AdoptionandImplementationTheAdvisoryCommitteeaffirmedtheprocessforon‐goingmonitoring,evaluation,andrevisionstothePlanforthenextfiveyears.Section7detailstheresultingmonitoring,evaluation,andplanupdateprocedures.Finally,theAdvisoryCommitteerecommendedthePlanforadoptionbytheUniversityPresidentandtheBoardofTrustees.AcopyoftheapprovalresolutionmaybefoundinAppendixA.

3.3InvolvementbythePublicandOtherInterestedPartiesDuringthedevelopmentofthisPlan,outsidestakeholderswereinvolvedthroughrequestingtheirparticipationinatleastthreeCommitteemeetings.ThoseparticipantsarelistedinTable1.Theirinformationalsoappearonthesign‐insheetsforvariousCommitteemeetings.Inaddition,someexternalstakeholderswereaskedtoprovidespecificdataordocumentationtobeincludedinthisPlan.ThegeneralpublicandtheUniversitycommunitywereinvitedtocommentonthereviewandfinaldraftsofthePlan.ThefirstopportunityforthepublictocommentcamepriortothedraftPlan’ssubmissiontoAEMAandFEMA,inMarchandApril2016.ThedraftplanwasmadeavailableviaalinkonAuburn’swebsite,withanemailaddressprovidedshouldanypersonwishtosubmitcommentsorsuggestions.ThepublicwasaffordedasecondopportunitytocommentinJune2016,thistimeonthefinalplan,andpriortotheAdvisoryCommittee’srecommendationtotheUniversityPresidentthatthePlanbeadopted.Aftereachofthesepubliccommentperiods,theAdvisoryCommitteewaspresentedwiththecommentssubmittedbythepublic.TheAdvisoryCommitteereviewedthecomments,anddeterminedwhich,ifany,shouldbeactedupon.TheCommittee’sdecisionwasgiventotheconsultantforaction.NoticesforthesepubliccommentperiodswerepostedonAuburn’swebsite.CopiesofthesenoticescanbefoundinAppendixC.Inaddition,adjacentjurisdictionsandotherinterestedpartieswerecontactedwhentheDraftandFinalPlanswereavailableforreviewpriortoadoptionbyAuburnUniversity.TheseoutsidestakeholderswereinvitedtoprovidecommentandfeedbackonthecontentofthePlan,priortoitsfinalapproval.



3.4ReviewandIncorporationofPlans,Studies,Reports,andOtherInformation

FederalGovernmentSelectedkeyfederalsourcesofinformationandpre‐existingplanningworkarepresentedinTable3(below).

FederalPlans,Studies,Reports,Websites,andInformationReviewedExistingProgram/Policy/Technical

DocumentsMethodofincorporationintothePlan

FEMADisasterDeclarationsdatabaseandothergeneralhazarddata

Usedinhazardidentificationandriskassessment(HIRA)developmentandhistoryoflossdataformultiplehazards

FEMA/NationalFloodInsuranceProgramFloodMaps(FloodInsuranceRateMaps,DFIRMs,Q3data)

UsedindevelopmentofHIRA,strategies,andmitigationactions

NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(NOAA)/NationalClimaticDataCenter(NCDC)database

Usedindevelopmentofhistoryanddescriptionofmajorhazardeventsformultiplehazards

USDepartmentofAgriculture,WildfireHazardPotential

UsedindevelopmentofHIRA,strategiesandmitigationactions

USCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionUsedindevelopmentofHIRA,strategiesandmitigationactions

USGeologicalSurveyUsedindevelopmentofHIRA,strategiesandmitigationactions

NationalParkService,NationalRegistryofHistoricPlaces

UsedindevelopmentofassetdataandGISproducts

Table3 StateofAlabamaAlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlanUpdate(2013)TheStateHazardMitigationPlan(SHMP)isthedemonstrationoftheStateofAlabama’scommitmenttoreducerisksfromnaturalhazardsandservesasaguideforbothstateandlocaldecisionmakersastheycommitresourcestoreducingtheeffectsofnaturalhazardsonlivesandproperty.ItisdesignedtooutlineastrategytoreducerisksfromnaturalhazardsinAlabama,andtoaidstateandlocalemergencymanagementofficialsindevelopinghazardandriskreductionprograms.



TheStateofAlabamausestheSHMPasawaytoprovidedatatolocalandregionalgovernmentstosupporttheirmitigationplanningprocesses,andtoprovideguidanceonbestpractices.Thestatewidemitigationstrategies,goals,andobjectives,methodsofincorporatingavariedcrosssectionofrelevantdisciplines,hazardspecificinformation,andspecificdatasourcesarepresentwithintheSHMPandwereutilizedinthedevelopmentoftheAuburnUniversityDisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan.AuburnUniversity,LeeCounty,andCityofAuburnThemostaccurate,relevant,andimportantinformationisthatwhichisgatheredatthelocallevel.Thisisbecauseitprovestobeveryspecificandpertinenttotheareabeinganalyzed.BecausetheUniversity,forpurposesofthisPlan,isacommunitywithintheCityofAuburnandLeeCounty,ithastheopportunitytoanalyzeandusecityandcountydatatosupplementthatwhichhasalreadybeenrecordedbytheUniversity.ThisprovidesabroaderunderstandingofriskwhileallowingfortheopportunitytoworktogetherwiththecityandthecountyindevelopingsoundmitigationstrategiestoreduceandeliminateoverallfutureriskfortheCityofAuburn,LeeCounty,andAuburnUniversity.Specificmitigationactionswillsometimescrossjurisdictionalboundariesandbyworkingwiththecityandcounty,themostcosteffectiveandfeasibleactionscanbeconsideredforimplementation.Selectedkeylocalsourcesofinformationandpre‐existingplanningworkarepresentedinTable4(below).

Municipal,County,andUniversityDataandDocumentsReviewedExistingProgram/Policy/Technical

DocumentsMethodofincorporationintothePlan

LeeCountyHazardMitigationPlanUsedindevelopmentofhazardidentificationprofilesandmitigationstrategy

AuburnUniversity2013‐8StrategicPlanUsedindevelopmentofmitigationstrategyandcapabilityassessment

AuburnUniversityComprehensiveCampusMasterPlanUpdate2013

Usedindevelopmentofhazardidentificationprofiles,mitigationstrategy,andcapabilityassessment

AuburnUniversityBuildingDataDatabaseUsedindevelopmentofriskassessmentandmitigationstrategy

AuburnUniversityMainCampus2014AnnualSecurityandFireSafetyReport

Usedindevelopmentofcampusprofile,hazardidentificationandriskassessment,capabilityassessment,andmitigationstrategy

Variousstudies,surveys,datasetsandreports,preparedforavarietyofpurposes

Usedindevelopmentofhazardidentificationprofilesandriskassessments

Table4

AuburnUniversitySection04:HazardIdentification&RiskAssessment

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan–APADRAFT–06.20.16–Page4‐1

Section04HazardIdentification&RiskAssessment


4.1 IFRRequirementforHazardIdentification&RiskAssessment4.2 HazardIdentification&RiskAssessment4.3 BusinessImpactAnalysis

4.1 IFRRequirementfortheHazardIdentification&RiskAssessment

44CFR,§201.6(c)Plancontent.Theplanshallincludethefollowing:

(2)Ariskassessmentthatprovidesthefactualbasisfortheactivitiesproposedinthestrategytoreducelossesfromidentifiedhazards.Localriskassessmentsmustprovidesufficientinformationtoenablethejurisdictiontoidentifyandprioritizeappropriatemitigationactionstoreducelossesfromidentifiedhazards.Theriskassessmentshallinclude:(i)Adescriptionofthetype,location,andextentofallnaturalhazardsthatcanaffectthejurisdiction.Theplanshallincludeinformationonpreviousoccurrencesofhazardeventsandontheprobabilityoffuturehazardevents.(ii)Adescriptionofthejurisdiction’svulnerabilitytothehazardsdescribedinparagraph(c)(2)(i)ofthissection.Thisdescriptionshallincludeanoverallsummaryofeachhazardanditsimpactonthecommunity.AllplansapprovedafterOctober1,2008mustalsoaddressNFIPinsuredstructuresthathavebeenrepetitivelydamagedbyfloods.Theplanshoulddescribevulnerabilityintermsof:

(A) Thetypesandnumbersofexistingandfuturebuildings,infrastructure,andcriticalfacilitieslocatedintheidentifiedhazardareas;

(B) Anestimateofthepotentialdollarlossestovulnerablestructuresidentifiedinparagraph(c)(2)(ii)(A)ofthissectionandadescriptionofthemethodologyusedtopreparetheestimate;

(C) Providingageneraldescriptionoflandusesanddevelopmenttrendswithinthecommunitysothatmitigationoptionscanbeconsideredinfuturelandusedecisions.



4.2 HazardIdentification&RiskAssessmentInaccordancewithfederalrequirements,andaspartofitseffortstosupportandencouragehazardmitigationinitiatives,AuburnUniversityhaspreparedthisgeneralassessmentofhazardsthathavethepotentialtoimpactAuburnassetsandpeople.Thetermplanningareaisusedfrequentlyinthissection.ThistermrefersprimarilytothegeographiclimitsofAuburn’smaincampus,locatedintheCityofAuburnandLeeCounty,Alabama.AuburnUniversityhasextensivelandholdingsoutsideofthismaincampus.TheyownandoperatefacilitiesthroughouttheStateofAlabama,includingtheCountyExtensionofficesineachcounty.Afterconsideration,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthisinitialplanningeffortshouldfocusonthemaincampus,andthattheinclusionofassetsandholdingslocatedinotherareasshouldbereviewedduringfutureupdatecycles.OverviewofHazardsNumerousfederalagenciesmaintainavarietyofrecordsregardinglossesassociatedwithnaturalhazards.Unfortunately,nosinglesourceisconsideredtoofferadefinitiveaccountingofalllosses.TheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)maintainsrecordsonfederalexpendituresassociatedwithdeclaredmajordisasters.TheUnitedStatesArmyCorpsofEngineers(USACE)andtheNaturalResourcesConservationService(NRCS)collectdataonlossesduringthecourseofsomeoftheirongoingprojectsandstudies.Additionally,theNationalOceanicAtmosphericAdministration’s(NOAA)NationalClimaticDataCenter(NCDC)databasecollectsandmaintainsdataaboutnaturalhazardsinsummaryformat.Thedataincludesoccurrences,dates,injuries,deaths,andcosts.Unfortunately,historicaloccurrencesaretypicallydocumentedonlyatthemunicipalorcountylevel.Inallinstances,thisPlanattemptstoutilizelocalknowledgeandUniversityrecordswhendescribingpreviousoccurrences.AccordingtotheNCDCdatabase,between1950and2015,LeeCountyexperiencedalmost400hazardevents1,includingthefollowing:

Atleasttenoccurrencesofextremetemperatures; Atleast11winterstorms; Atleast18floodevents; Atleast104occurrencesofhail; Atleast30tornadoevents;and Atleast158windevents.

LeeCountyhasreceivedatleast15FederalDisasterDeclarationssince19612;detailscanbefoundinTable1(following).



FederalDisasterandEmergencyDeclarations–LeeCounty,AL

DisasterNumber DateofDeclaration NatureofEvent

DR‐4176 May02,2014Severestorms,tornadoes,straight‐linewinds,andflooding

DR‐1971 April28,2011Severestorms,tornadoes,straight‐linewinds,andflooding

EM‐3319 April27,2011Severestorms,tornadoes,andstraight‐linewinds

EM‐3292 August30,2008 HurricaneGustav

EM‐3237 September10,2005 HurricaneKatrinaEvacuation

DR‐1593 July10,2005 HurricaneDennis

DR‐1549 September15,2004 HurricaneIvan

DR‐1466 May12,2003 Severestorms,tornadoes,andflooding

DR‐1070 October04,1995 HurricaneOpal

EM‐3096 March15,1993 Severesnowfall,winterstorm

DR‐619 April20,1980 Severestorms,tornadoes,flooding

EM‐3045 July20,1977 Drought

DR‐488 October02,1975 Severestorms,tornadoes,flooding

DR‐458 March14,1975 Severestorms,flooding

EM‐3007 January18,1975 Tornadoes

Table1



HazardIdentificationProcessIntheinitialidentificationprocess,theAuburnUniversityAdvisoryCommitteecataloguedpotentialhazardstoidentifythosewiththehighestprobabilityofsignificantlyaffectingthemaincampus.Thehazardsincludedthosethathaveoccurredinthepastandmayoccurinthefuture.Avarietyofsourceswereusedintheinvestigation.Theseincludednational,regional,andlocalsourcessuchastheLeeCounty,AlabamaNaturalHazardMitigationPlan,theAlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlan,websites,publisheddocuments,databases,andmaps,aswellasinputfromAuburnemployees.ForthisPlan,theAdvisoryCommitteeconsideredallpossiblenaturalhazards,anddeterminedwhichofthosehazardshavethepotentialtoimpacttheAuburncampus.HazardsconsideredwereculledfromtheLeeCounty,AlabamaNaturalHazardMitigationPlan,theAlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlan,FEMA386,anddiscussionamongtheAdvisoryCommittee.Table2(below)providestheoutcomeofthisprocess.

HazardIdentification

HazardIncludedin

currentSHMP?

Includedin

currentLee

CountyPlan?

Includein

AuburnDRU

HMP?

Communicabledisease/pandemic XDamfailure X Drought X X XEarthquake X X XExtremetemperatures X XFlood X X XHail X X XHighwinds X X XLandslides X Lightning X X XSealevelrise X Severethunderstorms X XSinkholes&landsubsidence X X XTornadoes X XTropicaldepression/tropicalstorms/hurricanes

X

Tsunami X Wildfire X X XWinterstorm X X XTable2



TheAdvisoryCommitteeconductedahazardidentificationexercise,inwhichtheyreviewedanddiscussedeachhazardidentifiedintheabovetable.Discussioncenteredontheimpactthehazardcouldhave,pastoccurrencesofthehazard,thelikelihoodofthehazardoccurringinthefuture,theparticularpopulationsorassetsthatwouldbesusceptibletodamageorharmfromthehazard,andthelikelihoodthattheyhazardwouldposeathreattotheUniversity’smission.Afterlivelydiscussionanddebate,theprecedingthirteen(13)hazardswereselectedforinclusioninthePlanbytheAdvisoryCommittee.TheotherhazardsthatwereconsideredduringthehazardidentificationexerciseweredeterminedtoposenothreattoAuburn’speopleorassets,andarenotdiscussedinthisPlan.AssetIdentificationTheassetinventorywasbasedoninformationprovidedbyAuburnUniversity,specificallyFacilitiesManagementandtheDepartmentofPublicSafety&Security.Federalandothernon‐Universityowned/operatedassetswerenotincludedinthisinventory.Morethan400assetswereinitiallyidentifiedforthisinventory;thatfigurewaslaterreducedto227assets,oncethesenon‐Universityassetswereeliminated.These227assetshaveacombinedvalueof$2,320,032,141.1DetailsoftheseassetsmaybefoundinAppendixD(TabularData).HazardProfilesHazardprofilesincludethefollowingdiscussions: Descriptionofthehazard Locationofthehazard Extent/severityofthehazard Impactonlife,property,andoperations Occurrencesofthehazard Probabilityoffutureoccurrencesofthehazard

Inordertodeterminetheprobabilityoffutureoccurrencesofeachhazardprofiled,thefollowingscalewasdeveloped:

Lowindicatesthatthehazardoccursanaverageoflessthanonceeveryfiveyears,andhasresultedorisanticipatedtoresultincontainedorminimaldamage.Moderateindicatesthatthehazardhasoccurredorisoccurringwithsomeregularity(atleastonceinfiveyears),butwithlimitedspatialimpacts,andeitherhasorisanticipatedtoresultinmoderateorlimiteddamageHighindicatesthatthehazardregularlyoccursannually,andhasthepotentialtoimpactawidespreadareaofthejurisdiction.

1NotethatallvaluationsusedinthisPlanareestimatesforplanningpurposesonly,andmaynotbeaccurateintheeventofareal‐worldincidentresultingindamages.



ThefiveyearseparationpointsinthisscalearebasedinpartonFEMA’smitigationplanupdatecycle.RiskAssessmentMethodologyRiskscanbeanalyzedasanexpressionoffuturelossesresultingfromtheimpactsofhazards,whenappropriatedataisavailable.However,itisoftenthecasethatsuchdataisnotavailable,orthatthedatathatisavailableiseitherincomplete,inaccurate,oruntrustworthy.ForthosehazardsthatweredeterminedtobeasignificantenoughrisktoAuburnUniversitythattheCommitteedeterminedaquantitativeassessmentshouldbecompleted,thatassessmentwascompletedusingthebestavailabledata.Whereapplicable,actionswereincludedintheMitigationStrategytoaddressthesedatalimitations,sothatthisriskassessmentmaybeexpandedinfutureupdatestothisPlan.ThisPlanusesariskassessmentmethodologythatisbasedontheonefoundintheAlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlan.Fromthatplan:

AlthoughtheFinalRulerequiresthatallnaturalhazardsaffectingthestatemustbeincludedinadetailedoverview,itisnotpracticalordesirabletoperformdetailedstatewideriskassessmentonallthesehazards.Thisisbecausemanyofthehazardshavelittleprobabilityofaffectingthestate,limiteddataisavailableforanalysis,and/oritisdifficulttomitigatetheireffects.Becauseofthis,theSHMTandFEMAdeterminedthatitwouldbedesirabletoreducetheinitiallistofhazardstothosethathavethemostpotentialfordamagingthestateoritscitizensinthefuture.Toreducetheoverallnumberofhazardsthatwillbegivendetailedriskassessment,AEMAdevelopedaratingsystemthatusesthefollowingfivecriteriatorateeachhazardintwocategories:relativeprobabilityofoccurrenceandcapacityformitigation.Theterm“relative”probabilityofoccurrenceisusedherebecausethedeterminationislessrigorousthantheoneusedinthefullriskassessment.ThepurposeofthisrankingmethodologyistorateAlabamarisksrelativetoeachother,inordertoidentifythemostsignificantones,andconcentratetheriskassessmentonthese.Thehazardsaregivenlow,medium,orhighratingsinthetwocategories.ThismethodwasinitiallysuggestedbyFEMARegionIVattheSHMTmeetingonFebruary26,2004.Minorchangesweremadeduringthe2013planupdatetotheprobabilityofoccurrenceranking.TheSHMTclarifiedthathazardoccurrencesareaddressedintermsofsignificantoccurrences.

Thecriteriausedwere:

1.History‐Highratingindicatesthatthehazardhasaffectedthestateofteninthepast,andthatthehazardhasoccurredoftenand/orwithwidespreadorsevereconsequences.2.Presenceofsusceptibleareas‐Highratingindicatesthatthestatehasnumerousfacilities,operations,orpopulationsthatmaybesubjectedtodamagefromthehazard.3.Dataavailability‐Highratingindicatesthatsufficientqualitydataisavailabletopermitanaccurateandcomprehensiveriskassessment.4.Federaldisasterdeclarations‐Highratingindicatesthatthestatehasreceivednumerousdisasterdeclarationsfortheparticularhazard.5.Potentialformitigation‐Highratingindicatesthattherearewaystoaddressthehazard,andthatthemethodsaretechnicallyfeasibleandhavethepotentialtobecost‐effective(i.e.,



mitigationmeasuresareavailableatareasonablecost,anddamagestoproperty,lives,and/orcommunityfunctionswouldbereducedoreliminated).

TheSHMTdeterminedthathazardswith“high”ratingsinboththeprobabilityandeaseofmitigationcategoriesareprovideddetailedandcomprehensiveriskassessmentsinlatersubsections.Thosethatreceivedmediumorlowratingsineithercategoryarenotprovideddetailedriskassessments,butareinsomecasesincludedasriskstostate‐ownedfacilities,andarealsoincludedinmitigationgoals,objectives,strategies,andactions.Further,asdataandfutureplanspermit,thesehazardsmaybeassessed.3

EachhazardprofiledinthisPlanreceivedaqualitativeriskassessment.Thequalitativedamage/lossestimates,usingaLow/Moderate/Highrange,arebasedupontheAdvisoryCommittee’sknowledgeoftheUniversitycommunityandfacilities.Committeemembersdiscussedeachhazardindepthintermsofpotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),risktofacilitiesandcriticalfacilities(primarilydamagetothephysicalstructure),risktoinfrastructure(utilitiesprimarily),andrisktothemissionoftheUniversity(patientcare,lossofclasstimeorresearch).TherankingsforeachhazardcanbefoundintheTabularDataappendix(AppendixD).TheAdvisoryCommitteedrewupontheirownknowledgeofpastevents,bothattheUniversityaswellaseventsexperiencedinthesurroundingarea.Themetricsutilizedaredescribedbelow:

RisktoPeople/LifeSafety: Low(1)–someinjurypossiblebutunlikely Moderate(2)–injuriesexpected,somedeathspossible High(3)–majorinjuryandseveraldeathsareexpected

RisktoFacilitiesandCriticalFacilities

Low(1)–cosmeticdamagestostructures,lossoffunctionforlessthan1day Moderate(2)–somestructuraldamages,lossoffunctionfor1‐2days High(3)–somestructuresirreparablydamaged,lossoffunctionforatleast3‐5days


Low(1)–somesystemstemporarilydown,temporarypowerlossexpected Moderate(2)–systemfailures,utilityloss High(3)–long‐termsystemdamage,long‐termpower/utilityloss

RisktoUniversityMission

Low(1)–services/operationssuspendedorinterrupted(lessthan1day) Moderate(2)–services/operationstemporarilyunabletofunction(2‐4days) High(3)–cancellationofservices/operationsuntilrepairsaremade(morethan1

week)



CommunicableDisease/PandemicDescriptionoftheCommunicableDisease/PandemicHazardInfectiouspathologiesarealsocalledcommunicablediseasesortransmissiblediseasesduetotheirpotentialoftransmissionfromonepersonorspeciestoanotherbyareplicatingagent(asopposedtoatoxin).Aninfectiousdiseaseisaclinicallyevidentillnessresultingfromthepresenceofpathogenicmicrobialagents,includingpathogenicviruses,pathogenicbacteria,fungi,protozoa,multi‐cellularparasites,andaberrantproteinsknownasprions.Transmissionofaninfectiousdiseasemayoccurthroughoneormorepathwaysincludingphysicalcontactwithinfectedindividuals.Theseinfectingagentsmayalsobetransmittedthroughliquids,food,bodyfluids,contaminatedobjects,airborneinhalation,orthroughvector‐bornespread.

Transmissiblediseases,whichoccurthroughcontactwithanillpersonortheirsecretions,orobjectstouchedbythem,areespeciallyinfective,andaresometimesreferredtoascontagiousdiseases.Infectious(communicable)diseases,whichusuallyrequireamorespecializedrouteofinfection,suchasvectortransmission,orbloodorneedletransmission,areusuallynotregardedascontagious.Theterminfectivitydescribestheabilityofanorganismtoenter,surviveandmultiplyinthehost,whiletheinfectiousnessofadiseaseindicatesthecomparativeeasewithwhichthediseaseistransmittedtootherhosts.Aninfectionhowever,isnotsynonymouswithaninfectiousdisease,asaninfectionmaynotcauseimportantclinicalsymptomsorimpairhostfunction.Examplesofcommunicableorinfectiousdiseasesincludeplague,malaria,tuberculosis,syphilis,hepatitisB,influenza,HIV,andmeasles.4Apandemicisanepidemicofinfectiousdiseasethatisspreadingthroughhumanpopulationsacrossalargeregion;forinstanceacontinent,orevenworldwide.Awidespreadendemicdiseasethatisstableintermsofhowmanypeoplearegettingsickfromitisnotapandemic.Further,flupandemicsexcludeseasonalflu,unlessthefluoftheseasonisapandemic.Throughouthistorytherehavebeenanumberofpandemics,suchassmallpox,plague,influenza,andtuberculosis.MorerecentpandemicsincludetheHIVpandemicandthe2009flupandemic.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),apandemicishappeningwhenthefollowingthreeconditionsaremet:

1. Emergenceofadiseasetoanewpopulation;2. Agentsinfecthumans,causingseriousillness;and3. Agentsspreadeasilyandsustainablyamonghumans.5

Notethatthishazarddescribesthosediseasesandpandemicswhichoccurnaturally,anddoesnotaddressanyintentionaluseorweaponizationofbiologicagentsforapurpose.



LocationoftheCommunicableDisease/PandemicHazardTheentireplanningareaissubjecttoexperiencingthecommunicabledisease/pandemichazard,astheentireplanningareaispopulatedbyhumans.

Extent/SeverityoftheCommunicableDisease/PandemicHazardTheextentofthecommunicabledisease/pandemichazarddependsalmostentirelyonthenatureoftheparticularillnessoroutbreak,thepopulationthatisexposed,andthemeansbywhichtheillnessisspread.Otherfactorsthatmayinfluencetheextentofthehazardarethespeedononsetoftheillness(e.g,howquicklyitisabletospreadfrompersontoperson),themorbilityrateoftheillness(e.g.,howmanypeopleareinfectedorbecomecarriers/transmittersoftheillness),andthemortalityrateoftheillness(e.g,thenumberofpeoplewhodiefromtheillnessbeforetheycaninfectothers).Becausethesefactorsvarysignificantlyfromillnesstoillness,thereisnostandardscaleforextentofcommunicabledisease/pandemic.Rather,illnessesaregroupedbylevels,basedontheirrateofinfectionandtheprecautionsrequiredtopreventfurtherspread.TheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC)categorizesvariousdiseasesinlevelsofbiohazard.Inthisscale,Level1equatestoaminimalrisk,andLevel4describesextremerisk.Table3(belowandfollowing)illustratestheselevels,andprovidesexamplesofcommunicablediseasesthatwouldtypicallyfallintotheseclassifications.

BiohazardClassificationLevelsLevel Examples TypicalProtection

BiohazardLevelI(BSL‐I)

E.ColiCanineHepatitisChickenPox

Precautionsareminimal,mostlikelyinvolvingglovesandsomesortoffacialprotection.Usually,contaminatedmaterialsareleftinopen(butseparatelyindicated)wastereceptacles.Decontaminationproceduresforthislevelaresimilarinmostrespectstomodernprecautionsagainsteverydayviruses(i.e.:washingone'shandswithanti‐bacterialsoap,washingallexposedsurfacesofthelabwithdisinfectants,etc).Inalabenvironment,allmaterialsusedforcelland/orbacteriaculturesaredecontaminatedviaautoclave.

BiohazardLevelII(BSL‐2)

HepatitisA,B,CLymediseaseSalmonellaMumpsMeaslesScrapieDengueFeverHIV

Thesebacteriaandvirusescausemilddiseaseinhumans,oraredifficulttocontractviaaerosol.RoutinediagnosticworkwithclinicalspecimenscanbedonesafelyatBSL‐2,usingBSL‐2practicesandprocedures.Researchwork(includingco‐cultivation,virusreplicationstudies,ormanipulationsinvolvingconcentratedvirus)canbedoneinaBSL‐2facility,usingBSL‐3practicesandprocedures.Virusproductionactivities,includingvirusconcentrations,requireaBSL‐3facilityanduseofBSL‐3practicesandprocedures.



BiohazardClassificationLevelsLevel Examples TypicalProtection

BiohazardLevelIII(BSL‐3)

AnthraxWestNileVirusSARSVirusSmallpoxTuberculosisTyphusYellowFeverMalaria

Thesebacteriaandvirusescauseseveretofataldiseaseinhuman,butvaccinesorothertreatmentsdoexisttocombatthem.Laboratorypersonnelhavespecifictraininginhandlingpathogenicandpotentiallylethalagents,andaresupervisedbycompetentscientistswhoareexperiencedinworkingwiththeseagents.Thisisconsideredaneutralorwarmzone.

BiohazardLevelIV(BSL‐4)

BolivianHemorrhagicFeverH5N1(BirdFlu)DengueHemorrhagicFeverMarburgVirusEbolaVirusHantavirusesLassaFeverCrimean‐CongoHemorrhagicFeverOtherHemorrhagicDiseases

Thesevirusesandbacteriacauseseveretofataldiseaseinhumans,forwhichvaccinesorothertreatmentsarenotavailable.WhendealingwithbiologicalhazardsatthisleveltheuseofaHazmatsuitandaself‐containedoxygensupplyismandatory.TheentranceandexitofaBSL‐4labwillcontainmultipleshowers,avacuumroom,anultravioletlightroom,autonomousdetectionsystem,andothersafetyprecautionsdesignedtodestroyalltracesofthebiohazard.Multipleairlocksareemployedandareelectronicallysecuredtopreventbothdoorsopeningatthesametime.AllairandwaterservicegoingtoandcomingfromaBSL‐4labwillundergosimilardecontaminationprocedurestoeliminatethepossibilityofanaccidentalrelease.Thefacilityiseitherinaseparatebuildingorinacontrolledareawithinabuilding,whichiscompletelyisolatedfromallotherareasofthebuilding.Aspecificfacilityoperationsmanualispreparedoradopted.Buildingprotocolsforpreventingcontaminationoftenusenegativelypressurizedfacilities,which,ifcompromised,wouldseverelyinhibitthecontainmentofanoutbreakofaerosolpathogens.

Table3

TheCDCdeterminestheseverityofpandemicsandcommunicablediseaseoutbreaksbasedonameasurementsystemisknownasthePandemicSeverityIndex.Theindexfocuseslessonhowlikelyadiseasewillspreadworldwide‐thatis,becomeapandemic‐andmoreuponhowseveretheepidemicactuallyis.Themaincriterionusedtomeasurepandemicseveritywillbecase‐fatalityratio(CFR),thepercentageofdeathsoutofthetotalreportedcasesofthedisease.Theanalogyof“category”levelswasintroducedtoprovideanunderstandableconnectiontohurricaneclassificationschemes,withspecificreferencetotherecentaftermathofHurricaneKatrina.LiketheSaffir‐SimpsonHurricaneScale,thePSIrangesfrom1to5,withCategory1pandemicsbeingmostmild(equivalenttoseasonalflu)andlevel5beingreservedforthemost



severe"worst‐case"scenariopandemics(suchasthe1918Spanishflu).Figures1through4(belowandfollowing)illustratethisseverityscalefromtheCDC.6

Figure1

Figure2



Figure3

Figure4



ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheCommunicableDisease/PandemicHazardCommunicablediseaseoutbreaksandpandemicswillhavethemostimmediateimpactonlifeandhealthsafety.Theextentoftheimpactwillbecontingentonthetypeofinfectionorcontagion,theseverityoftheoutbreak,andthespeedatwhichitistransmitted.Propertyandinfrastructurecouldbeaffectediflargeportionsofthepopulationwereaffectedandunabletoperformmaintenanceandoperationaltasks,orifthepopulationaffectedresidedinUniversityhousingoraresidencehallandrequiredquarantineorothermobilityrestriction.TheUniversity’smissioncouldsufferfromthecommunicabledisease/pandemichazard,if,forexample,asignificantpercentageofemployeesaretakenill,negativelyimpactingtheabilityoftheUniversitytofulfillitsteachingandeducationalobligations.OccurrencesoftheCommunicableDisease/PandemicHazardOccurrencesofthecommunicabledisease/pandemichazardarefairlycommon.Inrecenthistory,therehavebeenanumberofE.coliandSalmonellaoutbreakstracedtoissuesordeficienciesinthenation’sfoodsupply,ortoparticularrestaurantsorchains.RecentmutationsintheinfluenzavirusresultedintheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)declaringH1N1tobeaglobalpandemic.TheAlabamaDepartmentofPublicHealth(ADPH)isthestateagencyresponsiblefortrackingandreportingofcommunicablediseases.TheADPHaccomplishesthismissionbyworkingwithlocalhealthdistricts,includingtheLeeCountyHealthDepartment.TheADPHpublishesanannualreportforthehealthstatisticsforeachcountyinthestate,includingLeeCounty.Duetoconfidentialityrequirements,nospecificinformationisavailableforinstancesofthecommunicabledisease/pandemichazardonthemaincampusofAuburnUniversity.However,someoccurrenceswerereportedinthemedia,andsomeconclusionscanbedrawnfromlargerreportingdatasets.InAprilandMayof1989,ameaslesoutbreakoccurredonthecampus,andwasreportedinTheFree‐LanceStar.Twenty‐six(26)peoplewereconfirmedtohavetheillness,outofapopulationofapproximately19,000.TheoutbreakwassignificantenoughtocausetheADPHtoconsiderquarantiningthecampus,thoughthatactionneveractuallyoccurred.Whatdidoccurwasthecancellationofclassesandthevaccinationofapproximately13,000students.7Figure5(following)isaphotoofsomeofthesestudents,waitingoutsideoftheStudentHealthCenter,waitingtobevaccinated.8



Figure5Morerecently,duringthe2009‐2010academicyear,theAuburnMedicalClinictreatedsignificantnumbersofstudentsforH1N1.FromlateAugusttomid‐September2009,theClinicreportedtreatinganaverageof15‐20studentsperdayforH1N1.9Finally,therearesomecommunicableillnesseswhichrequirereportingtotheLeeCountyHealthDepartment,whothenreportsthemtotheADPH.Whileitisnotpossibletodeterminehowmany–ifany–ofthosecasesoriginatedonAuburnUniversity’scampus,itcanbereasonablyassumedthatitisatleastpossiblethatsomecasesdidoriginateonthecampus.Table4(following)providesanoverviewofthesereportableillnessandthenumberofnewcasesreportedinLeeCountyfrom2009through2013,themostrecentyearforwhichdataisavailable.1011121314Notethatasof2012,thewayAIDScasesarereportedwaschanged;thosecasesareincludedinthecountforHIVasof2012.



LeeCounty–NewCasesofSelectedNotifiableDiseasesDisease 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

HIV 10 13 14 18 9AIDS 7 11 3 ‐‐ ‐‐Syphilis 10 13 7 9 12Gonorrhea 139 111 207 215 182Chlamydia 558 717 823 721 769Tuberculosis 4 3 2 1 1Table4ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheCommunicableDisease/PandemicHazardAtleastsomedataregardingcommunicablediseaseoccurrencesisavailablecoveringthetimeperiodfrom1989to2015,aperiodof26years.Inthattimeframe,thereweretwodocumentedoccurrencesofthehazard,thoughtherewerelikelyothersthatareundocumented.Twooccurrencesin26yearsequatestoa13yearrecurrenceperiod,basedonthedataavailable.Therefore,usingthescaleprovidedearlierinthischapter,theprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceinlow.RiskAssessmentfortheCommunicableDisease/PandemicHazardAsalarge,publicuniversitywithsignificantresidentialfacilities,Auburncouldbeimpactedbythishazardatanypoint,withlittletonowarning.Whiletheexpectedimpactsofthishazardwouldbecenteredonthepeopleonthecampus,aprolongedoutbreakorepidemiccouldhaveoperationalimpacts,shouldenoughspecializedstaffbecomeillwithlimitedoptionsforoutsidesupport.AprolongedoutbreakcouldalsoimpacttheabilityoftheUniversitytomeetthemissionoftheinstitution,asalossofclassandresearchtimewouldnegativelyimpactthedeliveryofeducationalservices.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable5(following).



CommunicableDisease/Pandemic–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact

Assets/BuildingsImpact

InfrastructureImpact

UniversityMissionImpact

AverageRiskRanking

Moderate Low Low Moderate Low‐ModerateTable5ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowtomoderateriskfromthecommunicabledisease/pandemichazard;thisconclusionissupportedbyboththeavailabledataandtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampus,butalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisassessmentpriortothenextupdateincludes:

Dataregardingstudentandemployeeillnessandinfectionrates; Dataregardingincreasedoperatingcostsduetoemployeeillness/timelostfromwork;and DocumentationoftheimpacttotheUniversity’smissionandoperationsfromemployee

illness/timelostfromwork.DroughtDescriptionoftheDroughtHazardDroughtisanormalpartofvirtuallyallclimaticregions,includingareaswithhighandlowaveragerainfall.Droughtistheconsequenceofanticipatednaturalprecipitationreductionoveranextendedperiodoftime,usuallyaseasonormoreinlength.Droughtisoneofthemostcomplexofallnaturalhazards,asitisdifficulttodetermineaprecisebeginningorend.Inaddition,droughtcanleadtoorbeexacerbatedbyotherhazards,suchasextremeheatorwildfires.Droughtsareaslow‐onsethazard.Overtime,however,theycanresultindamagetoagriculture,municipalwatersupply,recreation,andwildlife.Prolongeddroughtscanproducesignificanteconomicimpacts,bothdirectlyandindirectly.15Droughtsareclassifiedasmeteorological,hydrologic,agriculturalandsocioeconomic.Thefollowingbulletsillustratehowtheclassificationsofdroughtaredefined:

Meteorologicaldroughtisdefinedbyaperiodofsubstantiallydiminishedprecipitationdurationand/orintensity.Thecommonlyuseddefinitionof



meteorologicaldroughtisanintervaloftime,generallyontheorderofmonthsoryears,duringwhichtheactualmoisturesupplyatagivenplaceconsistentlyfallsbelowtheclimaticallyappropriatemoisturesupply.

Agriculturaldroughtoccurswhenthereisinadequatesoilmoisturetomeettheneedsofaparticularcropataparticulartime.Agriculturaldroughtusuallyoccursafterorduringmeteorologicaldrought,butbeforehydrologicaldroughtandcanaffectlivestockandotherdry‐landagriculturaloperations.

Hydrologicaldroughtreferstodeficienciesinsurfaceandsubsurfacewatersupplies.Itismeasuredasstreamflow,snowpack,andaslake,reservoir,andgroundwaterlevels.Thereisusuallyadelaybetweenlackofrainorsnowandlessmeasurablewaterinstreams,lakes,andreservoirs.Therefore,hydrologicalmeasurementstendtolagbehindotherdroughtindicators.

Socio‐economicdroughtoccurswhenphysicalwatershortagesstarttoaffectthehealth,well‐being,andqualityoflifeofthepeople,orwhenthedroughtstartstoaffectthesupplyanddemandofaneconomicproduct.16

LocationoftheDroughtHazardDroughtscanaffectareasassmallasafewcountiestoentireregionsofthecountry.Droughtsarenotdefinedbyaspecificgeographicboundaryorlocation.Theentireplanningareaissubjecttothedroughthazard.TheUniversitycouldalsobeseverelyimpactedbydroughtselsewhereinthestate,asallpotablewaterforallcampusesoriginatesfromexternalsources.

Extent/SeverityoftheDroughtHazardDroughtsareslowdevelopinghazardsthatarerarelyrecognizedasoccurringuntilaftertheyarewellbegun.Thoughforecastersmaybeabletopredictthatconditionsarelikelytodevelop–suchasthatrainfallisexpectedtobebelowaverageforagivenperiodoftime–untilthoseconditionsactuallyexist,itisnotpossibletodeterminewhetherornotanareaisexperiencingadrought.Droughtconditionsmustexistforanextendedperiodoftime–typicallyatleastamonth–beforetheconditionscanbeclassifiedasdrought.Thisistodistinguishbetweentruedroughtconditionsandsimpleperiodsoflower‐than‐averagerainfall.Theextentofadroughtisoftendefinedbyitsduration.DroughtsaremeasuredusingthePalmerDroughtSeverityIndex(PDSI),alsoknownasthePalmerIndex.ThePalmerIndexwasdevelopedbyWaynePalmerinthe1960sandusestemperatureandrainfallinformationinaformulatodeterminedryness.Ithasbecomethesemi‐officialdroughtindex.ThePalmerIndexismosteffectiveindetermininglongtermdrought—amatterofseveralmonths—andisnotasgoodwithshort‐termforecasts(amatterofweeks).Itusesa0asnormal,anddroughtisshownintermsofminusnumbers;forexample,‐2ismoderatedrought,‐3issevere



drought,and‐4isextremedrought.ThePalmerIndexisalsousefulforreflectingexcessrainusingacorrespondinglevelreflectedbyplusfigures;i.e.,0isnormal,+2ismoderaterainfall,etc.TheadvantageofthePalmerIndexisthatitisstandardizedtolocalclimate,soitcanbeappliedtoanypartofthecountrytodemonstraterelativedroughtorrainfallconditions.Thenegativeisthatitisnotasgoodforshorttermforecasts,andisnotparticularlyusefulincalculatingsuppliesofwaterlockedupinsnow,soitworksbesteastoftheContinentalDivide.Despitetheseshortcomings,itremainsausefultoolforeasilyexplainingtheseverityofadrought.Table6(belowandfollowing)illustratesthePDSIclassifications.17

PalmerDroughtSeverityIndexClassification Description RangeofPossibleImpacts4.00ormore Extremelywet

3.00to3.99 Verywet2.00to2.99 Moderatelywet1.00to1.99 Slightlywet0.50to0.99 Incipientwetspell0.49to‐0.49 Nearnormal‐0.50to‐0.99 Incipientdryspell

‐1.00to‐1.99 Milddrought

Goingintodrought:short‐termdrynessslowingplanting,growthofcropsorpastures;fireriskaboveaverageComingoutofdrought:somelingeringwaterdeficits;pasturesorcropsnotfullyrecovered

‐2.00to‐2.99 Moderatedrought

Somedamagetocrops,pastures;fireriskhigh;streams,reservoirs,orwellslow,somewatershortagesdevelopingorimminent,voluntarywateruserestrictionsrequested

‐3.00to‐3.99 Severedrought

Croporpasturelosseslikely;fireriskveryhigh;watershortagescommon;waterrestrictionsimposed

‐4.00to‐4.99 Extremedrought

Majorcrop/pasturelosses;extremefiredanger;widespreadwatershortagesorrestrictions



PalmerDroughtSeverityIndexClassification Description RangeofPossibleImpacts

‐5.0orless Exceptionaldrought

Exceptionalandwidespreadcrop/pasturelosses;exceptionalfirerisk;shortagesofwaterinreservoirs,streams,andwells,creatingwateremergencies

Table6Droughtismonitorednation‐widebytheNationalDroughtMitigationCenter(NDMC).Indicatorsareusedtodescribebroadscaledroughtconditionsacrossthecountry.Indicatorscorrespondtotheintensityofthedrought.AsofthedraftingofthisPlan,noareasinAlabamaarecurrentlyexperiencingdroughtconditions,includingtheareasoccupiedbyAuburnUniversity.ThiscurrentstatusisdemonstratedbyFigure6(below).18

Figure6ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheDroughtHazardDroughtscanaffectalargegeographicarea,andcanrangeinsizefromafewcountiestoafewstates.Theirpotentialtoimpactwildlifeandagriculturalconcernscanbeenormous.Droughtscankill



crops,edibleplantsandwildlifehabitat,anddestroygrazinglandsandtrees.Deadordyingvegetation,anormalresultofdrought,canthenserveasaprimeignitionsourceforwildfiresorurbanfires.PerhapsthebestknownexampleoftheimpactsonlifeandpropertyfromdroughtistheDustBowl.Thephenomenonwascausedbyseveredroughtcoupledwithdecadesofpoorfarmingandlandmanagementpractices.DeepplowingofthevirgintopsoiloftheGreatPlainskilledthenaturalgrassesthatnormallykeptthesoilinplaceandtrappedmoistureevenduringperiodsofdroughtandhighwinds.Duringthe(naturallyoccurring)droughtofthe1930s,withnonaturalanchorstokeepthesoilinplace,itdried,turnedtodust,andblewawayeastwardandsouthwardinlargedarkclouds.AttimesthecloudsblackenedtheskyreachingallthewaytoEastCoastcitiessuchasNewYorkandWashington,D.C.MuchofthesoilendedupdepositedintheAtlanticOcean,carriedbyprevailingwindswhichwereinpartcreatedbythedryandbaresoilconditions.Theseimmenseduststorms—givennamessuchas"BlackBlizzards"and"BlackRollers"—oftenreducedvisibilitytoafewfeetandproduceddeadlyelectricalstorms.TheDustBowlaffectedanestimated100,000,000acres,centeredonthepanhandlesofTexasandOklahoma,andadjacentpartsofNewMexico,Colorado,andKansas.19

Theworstdroughtinthelast50yearsaffectedatleast35statesduringthesummerof1988.Insomeareasthelackofrainfalldatedbackto1984.In1988,rainfalltotalsovertheMidwest,NorthernPlains,andtheRockieswere50‐85%belownormal.Cropsandlivestockdiedandsomeareasbecamedesert.ForestfiresbeganovertheNorthwest,andbyautumn4,100,000acreshadburned.Agovernmentpolicycalled"LetBurn"wasineffectforYellowstoneNationalPark,withdisastrousresults.HalfoftheNationalPark‐2,100,000acres‐wascharredwhenahugeforestfiredeveloped.20ForAuburnUniversity,theimpactofadroughtcouldbeenormous.Asauniversity,thecampushasnointernalsourceofpotablewater;allpotablewatermustbepurchasedfromexternalsuppliersandtransportedviapipeline.Intheeventofaprolongeddrought,itispossiblethattherewouldnotbeenoughwateravailabletovendorsandsupplierstomaintainitscurrentpressurelevels(andthereforetomaintainboththesafetyofthepotablewatersystemandsufficientpressureforfiresuppression),ortosupporttheUniversityanditsmission.AuburnUniversityhasasubstantialhumanpopulation,asignificantanimalpopulation,andsignificantnumbersoffieldcropsandotheragriculturalresources–allofwhichrequirewaterforsurvival.Alossofwatertothecampus,foranyreason,wouldnegativelyimpacteachofthesegroups.Providingwaterfromothersourceswouldbefairlystraightforwardforhumans,aswatercouldbepurchasedandbroughtinfromothersources.Providingwatertoanimalsandfieldcropswouldrequiremorelogisticalconsideration.



OccurrencesoftheDroughtHazardAccordingtotheNationalClimateDataCenter(NCDC),LeeCounty,ALhasexperienceddroughtinsevenoftheprevious10years.From2006through2015,droughtconditionswererecordedinthecountyineachyearexcept2009,2014,and2015.21WhiletheAdvisoryCommitteereportednosignificantconcernsorimpactstothemaincampusfromthesedroughtincidents,thesituationwasconstantlymonitoredbytheUniversity,intheeventthatconditionsworsenedandactionwasrequired.ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheDroughtHazardTheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofdroughtasmedium,meaningthatthehazardeitherhaslittleprobabilityofaffectingthestate,limiteddataisavailableforanalysis,oritisdifficulttomitigatetheeffectsofthehazard;forhazardsrankedmedium,theSHMPincludesaqualitativeassessmentonly.22TheNationalWeatherService’sClimatePredictionCenterpublishesaseasonaldroughtoutlook.Inthemostrecentseasonaldroughtoutlook,theexpectationisthatdroughtconditionsarenotexpectedtooccuranywhereintheStateofAlabama(includingtheplanningarea)throughthespringof2016.Figure7(below)illustratesthisprediction.23

Figure7

Thoughsevenoftheprevious10yearshaveincludeddroughtconditions,thoseconditionshaveimprovedintheplanningarea.Nodroughtconditionsareexpectedintheplanningareainthenear



future.Usingthescaleprovidedearlierinthissection,theprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofthedroughthazardishigh.UsinginformationobtainedfromtechnicalexpertsandtheSHMP,theprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceislow.RiskAssessmentfortheDroughtHazardAsauniversity,Auburnhaslimitedabilitytoprovidetheirownwater.Themajorityofthewaterthemaincampususes–beitforhuman,animal,oragriculturalpurposes–isprovidedbyexternalvendorsandsuppliers.Nearlyeveryfacetofoperationsonthecampusrequireswaterinsomecapacity–controlandconditioningofspace,drinking,bathing,firesuppression,etc.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable7(below).

Drought–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low Low Low Low LowTable7ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowriskfromthedroughthazard;thisconclusionissupportedbytheavailabledata,theSHMP,andtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,andatthestatelevel.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisassessmentpriortothenextupdateincludes:

Plansforalternatewatersuppliesorsourcesforthecampus; Dataregardingincreasedoperatingcostsduetotheunavailabilityofwaterorwaterof

sufficientqualityforhuman/animalconsumption;and



DocumentationoftheimpacttotheUniversity–includingthemission–fromextendedlossofwater.

Earthquake DescriptionoftheEarthquakeHazardAnearthquakeiscausedbyasliponafault.Whentectonicplatesbecomestressed,thereisanearthquakethatreleasesenergyinwaves,whichcausestheearthtoshake.Earthquakesarerecordedbyaseismographicnetwork.Eachseismicstationinthenetworkmeasuresthemovementofthegroundatthesite.Theslipofoneblockofrockoveranotherinanearthquakereleasesenergythatmakesthegroundvibrate.Thatvibrationpushestheadjoiningpieceofgroundandcausesittovibrate,andthustheenergytravelsoutfromtheearthquakeinawave.24LocationoftheEarthquakeHazardThereareanumberoffaultlinesintheStateofAlabama;someofthemarefairlyclosetoAuburnUniversity.However,noneofthefaultlinesnearAuburnaresignificant,asseeninFigure8(below).25

Figure8



Extent/SeverityoftheEarthquakeHazardEarthquakesarequick‐onseteventsthatoccurwithnowarning.Whilesomeearthquakesarebriefevents,lastingonlyafewseconds,othersarelongerinduration,lastingupwardsofaminuteormore.TheextentofanearthquakecanbemeasuredbytheRichterMagnitudeScale,whichmeasuresthe‘feel’ofashallowearthquakeoccurringwithnowarninginapopulatedarea.TheRichtermagnitudescalewasdevelopedin1935byCharlesF.RichteroftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyasamathematicaldevicetocomparethesizeofearthquakes.TheRichterScaleisthebestknownscaleformeasuringthemagnitudeofearthquakes.Themagnitudevalueisproportionaltothelogarithmoftheamplitudeofthestrongestwaveduringanearthquake.Arecordingof7,forexample,indicatesadisturbancewithgroundmotion10timesaslargeasarecordingof6.Theenergyreleasedbyanearthquakeincreasesbyafactorof31foreveryunitincreaseintheRichterscale.Table8(following)givesthefrequencyofearthquakesandtheeffectsoftheearthquakesbasedonthisscale.26

TheRichterMagnitudeScale

RichterscalenumberNumberofearthquakes

globallyperyearTypicaleffectsofthismagnitude

<3.4 800,000 Detectedonlybyseismometers

3.5‐4.2 30,000 Justaboutnoticeableindoors

4.3‐4.8 4,800 Mostpeoplenoticethem,windowsrattle.

4.9‐5.4 1,400Everyonenoticesthem,dishesmaybreak,opendoorsswing.

5.5‐6.1 500Slightdamagetobuildings,plastercracks,bricksfall.

6.26.9 100Muchdamagetobuildings:chimneysfall,housesmoveonfoundations.

7.0‐7.3 15Seriousdamage:bridgestwist,wallsfracture,buildingsmaycollapse.

7.4‐7.9 4 Greatdamage,mostbuildingscollapse.

>8.0 Oneevery5to10yearsTotaldamage,surfacewavesseen,objectsthrownintheair.

Table8Note:Theseeffectsassumeashallowearthquakeinapopulatedarea.Earthquakesoflargemagnitudedonotnecessarilycausethemostintensesurfaceeffects.Theeffectinagivenregiondependstoalargedegreeonlocalsurfaceandsubsurfacegeologicconditions.Anareaofunstableground(sand,clay,orother



unconsolidatedmaterials),forexample,islikelytoexperiencemuchmorenoticeableeffectsthananarea

equallydistantfromanearthquake'sepicenterbutunderlainbyfirmgroundsuchasgranite.PotentialImpactoftheEarthquakeHazardAllassetsandpeopleonthemaincampusofAuburnUniversityaregenerallyatriskfromtheeffectsoftheearthquakehazard,andcanexpecttoexperiencesomeminimaleffectsfromthehazard.Dependingontheseverity,therecouldbedamagestobuildings,whichcompromiseoperations,andinjurytopeople.Inextremecases,injuriesmayoccur.PastOccurrencesoftheEarthquakeHazardAccordingtotheGeologicalSurveyofAlabama(GSA),earthquakesareafairlycommonoccurrenceintheStateofAlabama.Morethan330earthquakeshavebeenrecordedinthestatesince1886,thoughnonewererecordedinLeeCounty.Infact,themajorityofearthquakeshavebeenrecordedinnorthernAlabama,andareassociatedwiththeSouthernAppalachianSeismicZonethatrunsalongtheAppalachianMountains,andinsouthernAlabama,whichisassociatedwiththeBahamasFractureSeismicZone.SomeofthemoresignificantearthquakesthathavebeenrecordedintheStateofAlabamaareasfollows:

FortPayneEarthquake,2003–magnitude4.9 EscambiaCountyEarthquake,1997–magnitude4.9 IrondaleEarthquake,1916–magnitude5.1 PensacolaAreaEarthquake,1781–magnitude6‐727

NoneofthesewerenotedtohaveimpactedoraffectedeitherLeeCountyorAuburnUniversity.ProbabilityofaFutureOccurrenceoftheEarthquakeHazardTheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofearthquakeasmedium,meaningthatthehazardeitherhaslittleprobabilityofaffectingthestate,limiteddataisavailableforanalysis,oritisdifficulttomitigatetheeffectsofthehazard;forhazardsrankedmedium,theSHMPincludesaqualitativeassessmentonly.28TheGeologicalSurveyofAlabamaproducesdataregardingtheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofanearthquake(>magnitude5.1)inthenextfiftyyears.Thisdataindicatestheprobabilityislow.Figure9(following)illustratesthisprediction.29



Figure9

NooccurrencesoftheearthquakehazardhavebeenrecordedasimpactingAuburnUniversity.Accordingtothescaleprovidedearlierinthischapter,andinconsiderationofdatafoundintheSHMPandfromtheGeologicalSurveyofAlabama,theprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceislow.RiskAssessmentfortheEarthquakeHazardWhilenotahazardwithahistoryofoccurrenceorasignificantprobabilityofafutureoccurrence,itisahazardthatcouldpossiblyoccurandimpactAuburnUniversity.ThereisatleastsomesmallrisktoAuburn’speople,assets,infrastructure,andmissionfromthishazard.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable9(following).



Earthquake–QualitativeRiskAssessment

People/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low Low Low Low LowTable9ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowriskfromtheearthquakehazard;thisconclusionissupportedbytheavailabledata,theSHMP,andtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,andatthestatelevel.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisassessmentpriortothenextupdateincludes:

Dataregardingseismicdesignfactorsforeachassetonthemaincampus,and Dataregardingspecificvulnerabilitiestoshaking/shiftingforeachutilityprovider’sassets.

ExtremeTemperatureDescriptionoftheExtremeTemperatureHazardExtremeheatisdefinedassummertimeweatherthatissubstantiallyhotterand/ormorehumidthanaverageforalocationatthattimeofyear.Extremeheatconditionscanincreasetheincidenceofmortalityandmorbidityinaffectedpopulations.Peoplesufferheat‐relatedillnesswhenthebodyisunabletocompensatefortheextremeheatandproperlycoolitself.Veryhighbodytemperaturesmaycausedamagetothebrainandothervitalorgans.30Whatisconsideredanexcessivelycoldtemperaturevariesaccordingtothenormalclimateforthatregion.Whenevertemperaturesdropdecidedlybelownormalandwindspeedincreases,heatleavesthehumanbodymorerapidly,increasingthepossibilityofnegativeeffectsoftheseextremetemperatures.31Thegreatestdangerfromextremecoldistopeople,asprolongedexposurecancausefrostbiteorhypothermia,andcanbecomelifethreatening.Bodytemperaturesthataretoolowaffectthebrain,makingitdifficultforthevictimtothinkclearlyormovewell.Thismakeshypothermiaparticularlydangerousforthosesufferingfromit,astheymaynotunderstandwhatishappeningtothemorwhattodoaboutit.32



LocationoftheExtremeTemperatureHazardExtremetemperatureisnotahazardwithadefinedgeographicboundary.AllareasofthemaincampusofAuburnUniversityaresubjecttoexperiencethehazard.Extent/SeverityoftheExtremeTemperatureHazardExtremetemperatureshavehighlyvariablespeedsofonset.Dramaticchangesintemperature–bothtotheextremeofhotorcold–mayaccompanyafast‐movingfront,ortheymayoccurmoreslowly,asweatherconditionsbuildoverdaysorweeks.Thedurationofextremetemperaturesisalsohighlyvariable.Someperiodsmaylastnomorethanafewhours,whichothersmaylastfordaysoreven–inrarecases–weeks.Ifextremetemperaturesareforecast,peoplehavetimetopreparefortheonset.Theycanplantoavoidoutdooractivities.Utilityproviderscanensurethattheyarepreparedforabove‐averagestrainstogridsanddistributionlines.Fueldistributorsandpurveyorscanensuretheyhavesufficientsuppliesonhandtomeetexpecteddemand.Todescribetheextentoftheextremetemperaturehazard,anumberofproductsexistandareroutinelyusedbymeteorologists,emergencymanagementprofessionals,utilityproviders/operators,andothersresponsibleforinformingandpreparingthepublic.TheNationalWeatherService(NWS)issuesarangeofwatchesandwarningsassociatedwithextremeheat,asillustratedbelow:

ExcessiveHeatOutlook:whenthepotentialexistsforanexcessiveheateventinthenext3to7days.Anoutlookisusedtoindicatethataheateventmaydevelop.Itisintendedtoprovideinformationtothosewhoneedconsiderableleadtimetopreparefortheevent,suchaspublicutilities,emergencymanagementandpublichealthofficials.

ExcessiveHeatWatch:whenconditionsarefavorableforanexcessiveheateventinthenext12to48hours.Awatchisusedwhentheriskofaheatwavehasincreased,butitsoccurrenceandtimingisstilluncertain.Itisintendedtoprovideenoughleadtimesothosewhoneedtosettheirplansinmotioncandoso,suchasestablishedindividualcityexcessiveheateventmitigationplans.

ExcessiveHeatWarning/Advisory:whenanexcessiveheateventisexpectedinthenext36hours.Theseproductsareissuedwhenanexcessiveheateventisoccurring,isimminent,orhasaveryhighprobabilityofoccurrence.Thewarningisusedforconditionsposingathreattolifeorproperty.Anadvisoryisforlessseriousconditionsthatcausesignificantdiscomfortorinconvenienceand,ifcautionisnottaken,couldleadtoathreattolifeand/orproperty.33

TheNWSalsodevelopedtheHeatIndex(HI).TheHIissometimesreferredtoasthe"apparenttemperature".TheHI,givenindegreesF,isameasureofhowhotitreallyfeelswhenrelativehumidity(RH)isaddedtotheactualairtemperature.TofindtheHI,NWSusestheHeatIndexChart,foundfollowinginFigure10.Asanexample,iftheairtemperatureis96°F(foundonthetopofthetable)andtheRHis65%(foundontheleftofthetable),theHI‐orhowhotitreallyfeels‐is121°F.Thisisattheintersectionofthe96°columnandthe65%row.



SinceHIvaluesweredevisedforshady,lightwindconditions,exposuretofullsunshinecanincreaseHIvaluesbyupto15°F.Also,strongwinds,particularlywithveryhot,dryair,canbeextremelyhazardous.Notetheshadedzoneabove105°FontheHeatIndexChart.ThiscorrespondstoalevelofHIthatmaycauseincreasinglysevereheatdisorderswithcontinuedexposureand/orphysicalactivity.

Figure10Whenextremeheatoccursorisforecasttooccur,theNWSissuesheatadvisoriesbasedonheatindices;theseadvisoriesareissuedthroughthemediaandtheEmergencyAlertSystem.TheNWSprovidesassistancetostateandlocalhealthofficialsinpreparingcivilemergencymessagesforsevereheatwaves,inadditiontopreparingspecialweatherstatementsthatdefinewhoismostatrisk,safetyrules,andtheexpectedseverityofthesituation.TheNWSalsoaidsstateandlocalauthoritieswithissuingwarningsandsurvivaltips.



Extremecoldhasawiderangeofextentandseveritymarkersandcharacteristics.TheNationalWeatherServiceissuesExtremeColdWarningswhenthetemperaturefeelslikeitis‐30°Forcolderacrossawideareaforaperiodofatleastseveralhours.Whenpossible,theseadvisoriesareissuedadayortwoinadvanceoftheonsetoftheconditions.34Perhapsthemostcommonextent/severitymarkerforextremecoldistheWindChillscale.Figure11(below)depictstheNationalWeatherService’smethodologyfordeterminingwindchill,usingwindspeedandactualtemperature.Whilewindchillisnotnecessarilyrelatedtoextremecoldasasinglecause,theadvisorysystemthattheNWScurrentlyusesreliesonwindchilltorelaywarningandadvisoryinformationtothepublic.Extremecoldseverityisafunctionofwindchillandotherfactors,suchasprecipitationamount(rain,sleet,ice,and/orsnow).35

Figure11



PotentialImpactoftheExtremeTemperatureHazardHealthrisksfromextremeheatincludesunburn,dehydration,heatcramps,heatexhaustion,andheatstroke.Heatdisordersgenerallyresultfromareductionorcollapseofthebody’sabilitytocoolitselfbycirculatorychangesandsweating,orachemical(salt)imbalancecausedbytoomuchsweating.Whenthebodycannotcoolitself,orwhenitcannotcompensateforfluidsandsaltlostthroughperspiration,thetemperatureofthebody’sinnercorebeginstorise,andheat‐relatedillnessmaydevelop.Allotherfactorsbeingequal,theseverityofheatdisorderstendstoincreasewithage.Heatcrampsina17‐year‐oldmaybeheatexhaustioninsomeonewhois40,andheatstrokeinapersonover60.Table10(below)providesthepotentialhealthhazardsassociatedwithheat,bycategory.36

HealthHazardsAssociatedwithHeat

CategoryHeatIndex

HealthHazards

ExtremeDanger

130°F‐Higher

Heatstroke/sunstrokeislikelywithcontinuedexposure.

Danger105°F‐129°F

Sunstroke,musclecramps,and/orheatexhaustionwithprolongedexposureand/orphysicalactivity.

ExtremeCaution

90°F‐105°F

Sunstroke,musclecramps,and/orheatexhaustionwithprolongedexposureand/orphysicalactivity.

Caution 80°F‐90°FFatiguepossiblewithprolongedexposureand/orphysicalactivity.

Table10Inadditiontotheeffectsthatextremeheatcanhaveonpeople,therearealsopotentialeffectstoassetsfromextremeheat.AuburnUniversityishometosignificantquantitiesofpeople,animals,andassets.Alloftheserequireconstanttemperaturecontrol,andthatallinteriorspacesbecontrolledandconditionedtoaregulatedtemperature.Increasesintheexteriortemperaturemeanthattheutilitiesandprocessesbywhichinteriorspacesarecontrolledandconditionedmustworkhardertoregulatethoseinteriortemperatures.Thisplacesanadditionalstrainonexistingutilitysystems,whichcanfailundertheincreasedworkload.Failureofcoolingmechanismsplacesresearch,patients,andpeopleatriskfromprolongedexposuretoextremeheat.Extremecoldcanalsohavesignificantimpactsonpeople.Hypothermiaismostlikelyatverycoldtemperatures,butcanoccurathighertemperatures(above40°F)ifthepersonexposedisalsowetfromrain,sweat,orsubmersion.Warningsignsofhypothermiaincludeshivering,exhaustion,confusion,fumblinghands,memoryloss,slurredspeech,ordrowsiness.Ininfants,symptomsincludebrightredandcoldskinandverylowenergy.Apersonwithhypothermiashouldreceivemedicalattentionassoonaspossible,asdelaysinmedicaltreatmentmayresultindeath.37



Inadditiontothethreatposedtohumans,extremecoldweatherposesasignificantthreattoutilityproduction,whichinturnthreatensfacilitiesandoperationsthatrelyonutilities,specificallyclimatestabilization.Astemperaturesdropandstaylow,increaseddemandforheatingplacesastrainontheelectricalgrid,whichcanleadtotemporaryoutages.Theseoutagescanimpactoperationsthroughoutthecampus,whichcanresultininterruptionsanddelaysinservices.Theseoutagesmayalsonegativelyimpactresearcheffortsthroughoutthecampus,astheinabilitytomaintainasteady,constanttemperaturemayresultinproblemsorevenruinationofresearchspecimens.OccurrencesoftheExtremeTemperatureHazardSince1996,theNCDChasrecordedatleastfourinstancesofextremeheat,andatleastsixinstancesofextremecoldinLeeCounty,AL.38ItcanbereasonablyassumedthattheseoccurrenceshadatleastsomeimpactontheAuburnUniversitycampus.AuburnUniversityhasdocumentedevidenceofatleastthreeoccasionswhereextremecoldtemperaturesresultedinlossestothecampus.InJanuary2010andJanuary2014,threebuildingsweredamagedasaresultofburstpipes;thepipesburstasaresultofextremelycoldtemperatures.39ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheExtremeTemperatureHazardDataprovidedbyAuburnindicatesthreeoccurrencesofextremetemperaturesintheprevious20years.Usingthescaleprovidedatthebeginningofthischapter,thisequatestoalowprobabilityofafutureoccurrence.TheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofextremetemperatureasmedium/low,meaningthatthehazardeitherhaslittleprobabilityofaffectingthestate,limiteddataisavailableforanalysis,oritisdifficulttomitigatetheeffectsofthehazard;forhazardsrankedmediumorlow,theSHMPincludesaqualitativeassessmentonly.40RiskAssessmentfortheExtremeTemperatureHazardWhilethishazardoccurswithsomeregularity,itisnotonewithasignificanthistoryofcausingdamagesorlossestoAuburnUniversity,throughthereisatleastsomesmallrisktoAuburn’speople,assets,infrastructure,andmissionfromthishazard.Theriskofexposureandnegativehealthimpactstopeople,animal,andagricultureareperhapsthegreatestrisk,withtherisktothelossofutility(particularlyelectrical)productionanddistributionalsoaconsideration.Thoughsomeassetsonthemaincampushaveemergencypowergenerationcapability,mostfacilitiesdonot.Intheeventofapowerfailureresultingfromanextremetemperatureincident,contingencyplanswouldhavetobeimplementedtoprotectpeople,animals,andothersensitiveassetsandequipment.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisory



Committeedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable11(below).

ExtremeTemperature–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low Low Low Low‐Moderate LowTable11ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowriskfromtheextremetemperaturehazard;thisconclusionissupportedbyboththeavailabledata,theSHMP,andtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,andatthestatelevel.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisassessmentpriortothenextupdateincludes:

Dataregardingdefinitetemperaturethresholdstomaintainoptimaloperationsineachfacilityoncampus;

Estimatedlossesasaresultofutilityfailures,byfacility;and Facilities,assets,infrastructure,andresearchspecificallyatriskfromextreme

temperatures.

FloodDescriptionoftheFloodHazardFloodsarenaturallyoccurringevents.Excesswaterfromrainfallorstormsurgeaccumulatesandeitheroverflowsontobanksorbacksupintoadjacentfloodplains.Floodingincoastalenvironmentscanbeexacerbatedbytidalinfluenceinlowlyingareas.41TheNationalFloodInsuranceProgram(NFIP)definesfloodinthefollowingway:

Ageneralandtemporaryconditionofpartialorcompleteinundationoftwoormoreacresofnormallydrylandareaoroftwoormorepropertiesfromoverflowofinlandortidal



waters,fromunusualandrapidaccumulationorrunoffofsurfacewatersfromanysource,orfrommudflow.42

InsupportoftheNFIP,FEMAidentifiesthoseareasthataremorevulnerabletofloodingbyproducingFloodHazardBoundaryMaps(FHBM),FloodInsuranceRateMaps(FIRM),andFloodBoundaryandFloodwayMaps(FBFM).Severalareasoffloodhazardsarecommonlyidentifiedonthesemaps.OneoftheareasidentifiedintheSpecialFloodHazardArea(SFHA),whichisahigh‐riskareadefinedasanylandthatwouldbeinundatedbyafloodhavinga1%chanceofoccurringinanygivenyear(alsoknownasthebaseflood).ThefloodzonedesignationsaredefinedanddescribedinTable12(belowandfollowing).43

FloodZoneDesignationsandDescriptionsZone

DesignationPercentAnnualChanceofFlood

Description

ZoneV 1%

Areasalongcoastssubjecttoinundationbythe1%annualchanceoffloodingwithadditionalhazardsassociatedwithstorm‐inducedwaves.Becausehydraulicanalyseshavenotbeenperformed,noBFEsorflooddepthsareshown.

ZonesVEandV1‐30

1%

Areasalongcoastssubjecttoinundationbythe1%annualchanceoffloodingwithadditionalhazardsassociatedwithstorm‐inducedwaves.BFEsderivedfromdetailedhydraulicanalysesareshownwithinthesezones.(ZoneVEisusedonnewandrevisedmapsinplaceonZonesV1‐30.)

ZoneA 1%

Areaswitha1%annualchanceoffloodinganda26%chanceoffloodingoverthelifeofa30‐yearmortgage.Becausedetailedanalysesarenotperformedforsuchareas,nodepthsorbasefloodelevationsareshownwithintheseareas.

ZoneAE 1%

Areaswitha1%annualchanceoffloodinganda26%chanceoffloodingoverthelifeofa30‐yearmortgage.Inmostinstances,basefloodelevationsderivedfromdetailedanalysesareshownatselectedintervalswithinthesezones.

ZoneAH 1%Areaswitha1%annualchanceoffloodingwhereshallowflooding(usuallyareasofponding)canoccurwithaveragedepthsbetweenoneandthreefeet.

ZoneAO 1%Areaswitha1%annualchanceofflooding,whereshallowfloodingaveragedepthsarebetweenoneandthreefeet.



FloodZoneDesignationsandDescriptionsZone

DesignationPercentAnnualChanceofFlood

Description

ZoneX(shaded) 0.2%Representsareasbetweenthelimitsofthe1%annualchancefloodingand0.2%chanceflooding.

ZoneX(unshaded)

Undetermined

Areasoutsideofthe1%annualchancefloodplainand0.2%annualchancefloodplain,areasof1%annualchancesheetflowfloodingwhereaveragedepthsarelessthanone(1)foot,areasof1%annualchancestreamfloodingwherethecontributingdrainageareaislessthanone(1)squaremile,orareasprotectedfromthe1%annualchancefloodbylevees.NoBaseFloodElevationordepthsareshownwithinthiszone.

Table12

LocationoftheFloodHazardAsAuburnUniversityisanentityratherthanamunicipalityorcounty,nospecificfloodhazardmapiscreatedforit.Rather,Auburn’sidentifiedfloodhazardriskareasareidentifiedwithintheapplicablecounty/municipalFloodInsuranceRateMaps(FIRMs).Figure12(following)illustratestheseareas.

Figure12



Asisevidentfromtheprecedingfigure,verylittleofthemaincampusofAuburnUniversitylieswithinanidentifiedSFHAorwithinthe0.2%annualchancefloodplain.Theprimaryareasoflikelyfloodingonthecampusarehighlylocalized,andarealmostentirelydependentonrainfallandgroundsaturationstobecomeahazard.Extent/SeverityoftheFloodHazardFloodsmayoccurquickly,suchasinthecaseofflashfloodingcausedbyunusuallyheavyrainfallforanextendedperiod,ormaybeslowtoarrive,suchaswhenheavyrainfalloccursupstreamandriversandstreamsdownstreamoverflowtheirbanksasaresult.Fortheperiodofrecordofavailabledata,themajorityoffloodeventsthatoccurredinthevicinityoftheplanningareawereflashfloodevents,meaningtherewaslittlewarningtimebeforetheonsetoffloodconditions.Flashfloodevents,thoughtheytypicallyhavelesswarningtime,typicallycauselessdamagethansloweronseteventswherethewaterlevelstaysatornearpeaklevelsforlongerperiodsoftime.Ofthe18incidentsoffloodingorflashfloodingrecordedbyNCDCinLeeCountyfrom1998to2015,atleasteightincidentswerecausedbyrainfallofbetweentwoandsixinches,typicallyfallinginashortperiodorinintervals,therebycreatingsaturationofthegroundandpeakcapacityofstream,rivers,andditches.Twoincidentsrecorededdepthsofflooding.In2004,aflashfloodeventwasrecordedwithdepthsofapproximatelyfourfeet.In2011,floodingwasrecordedas‘totheroofsofseveralcars.’44WhileAuburndidnotreportanydamagesfromtheseevents,theydoillustratetheextentoffloodingthatthecampuscouldexperience,asillustratedbyreal‐wordeventsinthesurroundingarea.TheNationalWeatherServicehasestablisheddefinitionsoffloodstagesandaccompanyingwatchesandwarnings,usedinwarningsandnotificationstoallusersoftheirproducts,includingthepublicandemergencymanagers.Table13(below)providesthesetermsandtheirdefinitions.45

FloodCategoriesTerm Definition

Floodstage

Anestablishedgageheightforagivenlocationatwhichariseinwatersurfacelevelbeginstoimpactlives,property,orcommerce.Theissuanceofflood(andinsomecaseflashflood)warningsislinkedtofloodstage.Notnecessarilythesameasbankfullstage.



FloodCategoriesTerm Definition

Floodcategories

Termsdefinedforeachforecastpointwhichdescribeorcategorizetheseverityoffloodimpactsinthecorrespondingriver/streamreach.Theseverityoffloodingatagivenstageisnotnecessarilythesameatalllocationsalongariverreachduetovaryingchannel/bankcharacteristicsorpresenceofleveesonportionsofthereach.Therefore,theupperandlowerstagesforanygivenfloodcategoryareusuallyassociatedwithwaterlevelscorrespondingtothemostsignificantfloodimpactssomewhereinthereach.

MinorfloodingMinimalornopropertydamage,butpossiblysomepublicthreat(e.g.,inundationofroads)

ModeratefloodingSomeinundationofstructuresandroadsnearstream.Someevacuationsofpeopleand/ortransferofpropertytohigherelevations.

MajorfloodingExtensiveinundationofstructuresandroads.Significantevacuationsofpeopleand/ortransferofpropertytohigherelevations.

Recordflooding

Floodingwhichequalsorexceedsthehigheststageordischargeobservedatagivensiteduringtheperiodofrecord.Thehigheststageonrecordisnotnecessarilyabovetheotherthreefloodcategories–itmaybewithinanyofthemorevenlessthanthelowest,particularlyiftheperiodofrecordisshort(e.g.,afewyears).

Table13ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheFloodHazardFloodingisthemostcommonnaturaldisasterintheUS.Inthepastfiveyears,all50stateshaveexperiencedfloodsorflashfloods.From2010to2014,floodinsuranceclaimsacrossthecountryaveragedmorethan$3.5Beachyear.Since1978,theNationalFloodInsuranceProgramhaspaidoutnearly$50Binfloodinsuranceclaims.46FloodinghasthepotentialtoimpactallaspectsofAuburn’smaincampus.Floodingofroadsandtransportationroutesplacespeopleatrisk,asemergencyservicevehiclesmaybeunabletoreachthosewhoneedassistanceonthecampusiftheroadsareimpassableduetowater.Animalsexposedtofloodingmaybeinjured,fallill,orbekilledasaresultoffloodingorexposuretofloodwaters.



Localizedfloodingaroundbuildingsisthemostcommontypeoffloodingthatoccursonthecampus.Thislocalizedflooding,whilenotextensive,hasthepotentialtodamagebuildingsandcontents,andtocauselong‐termdamagetobuildingsbyrepeateddamagetothefoundingandsupportelementsofthebuilding.Basementscanbeflooded,resultingitdamagestobuildings,infrastructure,andcontents,andbydisruptingutilities.

OccurrencesoftheFloodHazardFrom1998to2015,theNCDCrecorded18incidentsoffloodinginLeeCounty.Oftheseoccurrences,14wererecordedasflashflooding.AccordingtotheNCDC,theseoccurrencesoffloodingresultinginalmost$4Minpropertyandcropdamages;noinjuriesorfatalitieswererecorded.47TheSHMPdescribesasignificanthistoryoffloodingthroughouttheStateofAlabama;theLeeCountyAlabamaNaturalHazardMitigationPlandescribesathoroughhistoryoffloodinginLeeCounty.However,noneofthesedescriptionsincludeanyspecificdescriptionoffloodingthatoccurredonorotherwiseimpactedAuburnUniversity’smaincampus.NospecificincidentsoffloodingthatresultedinimpactstothecampuswerereportedbytheAdvisoryCommittee,thoughafewanecdotalaccountswerediscussedamongthemembersduringmeetings.ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheFloodHazardDataprovidedbyAuburnindicatesverylittlefloodoccurrencestothecampusinrecentyears.Usingthescaleprovidedatthebeginningofthischapter,thisequatestoalowprobabilityofafutureoccurrence.DatafromtheNCDCdocuments18floodoccurrencesintheprevious17yearsinLeeCounty,butnoneoftheseoccurrenceswererecordedforthemaincampusofAuburnUniversity.TheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceoffloodintheStateofAlabamaashigh;theSHMPincludesaqualitativeandaquantitativeassessmentforthishazard.48RiskAssessmentfortheFloodHazardWhilethishazardoccurswithsomeregularity,itisnotonewithasignificanthistoryofcausingdamagesorlossestoAuburnUniversity,throughthereisatleastsomesmallrisktoAuburn’speople,assets,infrastructure,andmissionfromthishazard.Despitethislackofhistory,theAdvisoryCommittee,inrecognitionofthepotentialimpactsoffloodingandtheoccurrencesoffloodingintheareasurroundingthemaincampus,determinedthatthishazardshouldreceiveamorein‐depth,quantitativeriskassessment,inadditiontoaqualitativeriskassessment.



MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable14(below).

Flood–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low‐Moderate Low‐Moderate Low‐Moderate Low‐Moderate Low‐ModerateTable14ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.AquantitativeassessmentofthefloodrisksonthemaincampusofAuburnUniversityrevealedthatoneassetfallswithinanidentifiedSFHA.Thatasset,theDraughonVillageUtilitiesPlant,hasanestimatedvalueof$857,660.Thisequatesto.00036%oftheestimatedvalueofallassetsonthemaincampusofAuburnthatcanbeshowntobeatriskfromflooding.Therewouldbesomeadditionallossesthatwouldresultfromthefailuretofunctionofthisparticularasset,butitisnotpossibleatthistimetoprovideanestimateofthecostsassociatedwiththosepotentialdamages.AuburnUniversity,asastateuniversity,isnotamemberoftheNationalFloodInsuranceProgram(NFIP),doesnotholdanyNFIPpolicies,anddoesnothaveanyassetsthathavebeendesignedasRepetitiveLossorSevereRepetitiveLossbytheNFIP.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowriskfromthefloodhazard;thisconclusionissupportedbyboththeavailabledata,theSHMP,andtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,atthestatelevel,andforfloodingdamagesandrisksinsuredanddeterminedbytheNFIP.Dataregardingdamagesfromlocalizedfloodeventsonthecampusisvirtuallynon‐existent,asnoinsuranceclaimsdataexistsfortheseevents.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisassessmentpriortothenextupdateincludes:

Dataregardingthefirstfloorelevationofeachbuildingonthecampus;



Dataregardingfloodlossesasaresultofutilityfailures,byfacility;and Documentationofflooddamagesforeachassetthatexperiencesfloodlosses,forboththe

structureandthecontents,aswellasanylosttimeoruseofthefacility.HailDescriptionoftheHailHazardHailisdefinedasfallingice,roughlyroundinshapeandatleast0.2’indiameter.Haildevelopsintheupperatmosphereasicecrystalsthatarebouncedaboutbyhighvelocityupdraftwinds;theicecrystalsaccumulatefrozendropletsandfallafterdevelopingenoughweight.Thesizeofhailstonesvariesandisadirectconsequenceoftheseverityandsizeofthestormthatproducesthem–thehigherthetemperaturesattheEarth’ssurface,thegreaterthestrengthoftheupdraftsandtheamountoftimehailstonesaresuspended,thegreaterthesizeofthehailstone.49LocationoftheHailHazardHailisanon‐spatialhazard.Alllocationsintheplanningareaatriskfromthehailhazard.Extent/SeverityoftheHailHazardThoughsometimespredictedaspartoflargerweathereventsorfronts,theactualarrivalofhailtoanareaisasuddenevent,withlittleornowarningtothoseonthegroundandinthepath.Fortheperiodofrecord(1965‐2015),LeeCountyexperiencedarecorded104hailevents.,whichequatestoanannualizedprobabilityofatleasttwohaileventsperyear.Ofthese104events,46producedhailstoneoneinchindiameterorgreater,meaningthat44%ofhaileventsinLeeCountyproducedseverehailevents(basedonthefollowingscale).Fiveeventsproducedhailtwoinchesindiameterorgreater,meaningthat.04%ofhaileventsinLeeCountyproduceddestructivehail(basedonthefollowingscale).LeeCounty’sworsthaileventoccurredin2013,andproducedhailthreeinchesindiameter,whichisclassifiedasverydestructive(basedonthefollowingscale).50Thisservesastheextentofmagnitude/severitythatcanbeexpectedtooccurintheplanningarea.TheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration(theparentagencyfortheNWS)andtheTornadoandStormResearchOrganization(TORRO)bothcreatedHailstormIntensityScales.Table15(below)providesdetailsofthesescales.51

TORROHailstormIntensityScaleSizeCode

IntensityCategory

TypicalHailDiameter

ApproximateSize

TypicalDamageImpacts

H0 HardHail Upto0.33” Pea Nodamage

H1PotentiallyDamaging

0.33”–0.60”Marbleormothball

Slightdamagetoplantsandcrops

H2PotentiallyDamaging

0.60”–0.80” DimeorgrapeSignificantdamagetofruit,cropsandvegetation



TORROHailstormIntensityScaleSizeCode

IntensityCategory

TypicalHailDiameter

ApproximateSize

TypicalDamageImpacts

H3 Severe 0.80”–1.20”Nickeltoquarter

Severedamagetofruitandcrops,damagetoglassandplasticstructures,paintandwoodscored

H4 Severe 1.20”–1.60”Halfdollartopingpongball

Widespreadglassdamage,vehiclebodydamage

H5 Destructive 1.60”–2.0”Silverdollartogolfball

Wholesaledestructionofglass,damagetotiledroofs,significantriskofinjuries

H6 Destructive 2.0”–2.4” LimeoreggAircraftbodydented,brickwallspitted

H7VeryDestructive

2.4”–3.0” TennisballSevereroofdamage,riskofseriousinjuries

H8VeryDestructive

3.0”–3.5”Baseballtoorange

Severedamagetoaircraftbody

H9SuperHailstorms

3.5”–4.0” GrapefruitExtensivestructuraldamage,riskofsevereorfatalinjuriestopersonscaughtintheopen

Table15

ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheHailHazardIngeneral,theimpactstoAuburn’sassetsandoperationsfromthehailhazardareexpectedtobemoderatetolow.Themoremodernstructuresmeetstringentconstructionstandards,whichshouldprovideresidualprotectionfromhailevents,whichareoftenshort‐lived.Alsomorelikelytobedamagedareassetsonexposedrooftops,suchassatelliteandcommunicationsequipment,solarpanelsandemergencylighting.AuburnUniversityownsafleetofmorethan900vehicles,valuedatmorethan$15M.52Thisfiguredoesnotincludeanypersonalvehicles,ownedbystudents,employees,andvisitorstothecampusthatmaybeparkedonthecampusonanygivenday.Thoughthereareanumberofparkinggaragesonthecampus,themajorityofparkingonthecampusleavesvehiclesunprotectedfromtheelements.Eachvehicleparkedintheopenisvulnerabletohaildamage.OccurrencesoftheHailHazardFrom1950to2015,104occurrencesofthehailhazardwererecordedbytheNCDCasoccurringinLeeCounty.53Themoresignificantoftheseoccurrences–thosewherethehailstoneswererecordedasbeinginexcessof1”indiameter–areshowninFigure13(following).



Figure13HailhasimpactedAuburnUniversityassetsonseveralpreviousoccasions.InsuranceclaimdataprovidedbyAuburn’sRiskManagementDepartmentverifiesthattherehavebeenatleastthreeoccurrencesofthehailhazardthathaveimpactedcampusassets,asdetailedbelow54:

April2009:HaildamagetotheAthleticFacilitiesBuildingresultedinaninsuranceclaimof$12,142;

April2011:HaildamagetotheHaleyCenterandthreeFacilitiesassetsresultedininsuranceclaimsof$1,389,191;and

November2011:HaildamagetoChilledWaterPlant#3resultedinaninsuranceclaimof$53,919.

ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheHailHazardDataprovidedbyAuburnindicatestherehavebeenatleastthreeoccurrencesofthehailhazardontheAuburnmaincampussince2001.Thisaveragestooneoccurrenceeveryfiveyears.Usingthescaleprovidedatthebeginningofthischapter,thisequatestoalowprobabilityofafutureoccurrence.



DatafromtheNCDCdocuments104occurrencesintheprevious65yearsinLeeCounty,whichequatestoahighprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofthehazardinthearea,butnoneoftheseoccurrenceswererecordedforthemaincampusofAuburnUniversity.TheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofhailintheStateofAlabamaasmedium/low,meaningthatthehazardeitherhaslittleprobabilityofaffectingthestate,limiteddataisavailableforanalysis,oritisdifficulttomitigatetheeffectsofthehazard;forhazardsrankedmediumorlow,theSHMPincludesaqualitativeassessmentonly.55RiskAssessmentfortheHailHazardWhilethishazardoccurswithsomeregularity,itisnotonewithasignificanthistoryofcausingdamagesorlossestoAuburnUniversity,throughthereisatleastsomerisktoAuburn’speople,assets,infrastructure,andmissionfromthishazard.ThemostvulnerableUniversityassetsarefleetvehiclesandrooftopmountedequipment(solarpanels,satellitedishes,communicationsantenna,etc.).Itispossiblethatmodernbuildingscouldsustainroofdamage,orthatwindowscouldbebroken,but–basedonthehistoricalrecordofoccurrence–thisisunlikelyinallbutthemostseverehailevents.Olderbuildingsaremorelikelytosustaindamagefromhailevents.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable16(below).

Hail–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low Low Low Low LowTable16ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowriskfromthehailhazard;thisconclusionissupportedbytheavailabledata,theSHMP,andtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampus



butalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecountyandatthestatelevel.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisassessmentpriortothenextupdateincludes:

Valueofallassetspotentiallyexposedtohail,includingequipment,vehicles,andutilities; Specificdamagestonon‐structuralassetsdamagedbyhail;and Specificdamagestoequipmentandinfrastructuredamagedbyhail.

Highwind Thishazardincludeshurricanesandotherwindstorms.Itdoesnotaddressthunderstormwindortornadoes,whicharebothprofiledseparately.DescriptionoftheHighWindHazardAsdefinedbytheNationalWeatherService,windis

Thehorizontalmotionoftheairpastagivenpoint.Windsbeginwithdifferencesinairpressures.Pressurethat'shigheratoneplacethananothersetsupaforcepushingfromthehightowardthelowpressure.Thegreaterthedifferenceinpressures,thestrongertheforce.Thedistancebetweentheareaofhighpressureandtheareaoflowpressurealsodetermineshowfastthemovingairisaccelerated.Meteorologistsrefertotheforcethatstartsthewindflowingasthe"pressuregradientforce."Highandlowpressuresarerelative.There'snosetnumberthatdivideshighandlowpressure.Windisusedtodescribetheprevailingdirectionfromwhichthewindisblowingwiththespeedgivenusuallyinmilesperhourorknots.56

AccordingtoNOAA,ahurricaneisanintensetropicalweathersystemofstrongthunderstormswithwell‐definedsurfacecirculationandsustainedwindsof74MPHorhigher.Hurricanesbeginasatropicaldisturbanceintheopenocean.Table17(belowandfollowing)definesthevariouscategoriesoftropicalweather.57

TropicalWeatherDefinitionsTerm Definition

TropicalDisturbance

Adiscretetropicalweathersystemofapparentlyorganizedconvectionoriginatinginthetropicsorsubtropics,havinganon‐frontalmigratorycharacter,andmaintainingitsidentityfor24hoursormore.Itmayormaynotbeassociatedwithadetectableperturbationofthewindfield.

TropicalCyclone

Awarm‐corenon‐frontalsynoptic‐scalecyclone,originatingovertropicalorsubtropicalwaters,withorganizeddeepconvectionandaclosedsurfacewindcirculationaboutawell‐definedcenter.Onceformed,atropicalcycloneismaintainedbytheextractionofheatenergyfromtheoceanathightemperatureandheatexportatthelowtemperaturesoftheuppertroposphere.



TropicalWeatherDefinitionsTerm Definition

TropicalDepressionAtropicalcycloneinwhichthemaximumsustainedsurfacewindspeed(usingtheU.S.1‐minuteaverage)is33KT(38MPHor62KM/HR)orless.

TropicalStormAtropicalcycloneinwhichthemaximumsustainedsurfacewindspeed(usingtheU.S.1‐minuteaverage)rangesfrom34KT(39MPHor63KM/HR)to63KT(73MPHor118KM/HR).

Hurricane/Typhoon

Atropicalcycloneinwhichthemaximumsustainedsurfacewind(usingtheU.S.1‐minuteaverage)is64KT(74MPHor119KM/HR)ormore.ThetermhurricaneisusedforNorthernHemispheretropicalcycloneseastoftheInternationalDatelinetotheGreenwichMeridian.ThetermtyphoonisusedforPacifictropicalcyclonesnorthoftheEquatorwestoftheInternationalDateline.

Table17Ahazardassociatedwithhurricanesisextremewind.Aswindspeedsincrease,pressureagainstobjectsisaddedatadisproportionaterate.Pressureagainstawallriseswiththesquareofthewindspeed,whichmeansthatathreefoldincreaseinwindspeedgivesanine‐foldincreaseinpressure.Thus,a25MPHwindcausesapproximately1.6poundsofpressureperfoot.A4”x8”sheetofplywoodwillbepushedbyaweightof50pounds.In75MPHwinds,thatforcebecomes450pounds,andin125MPHwinds,itbecomes1,250pounds.Forsomestructures,thisforceisenoughtocausefailure.Thesewindswillweakenafterlandfallduetolossofwarm‐waterenergysource,andtheencounteringofgreatfrictionoverland.58Anothertypeofhighwindisaderecho,whichisawidespread,long‐livedwindstorm,associatedwithbandsofrapidlymovingshowersorthunderstorms,knownasbowechoes,squalllines,orquasi‐linearconvectivesystems.Derechowindsproducedamagesinastraightline,andareoftenreferredtoasstraight‐linewinds.Bydefinition,theymeettheNationalWeatherService’scriteriaforseverewind(greaterthan57MPH),andcanexceed100MPH.59LocationoftheHighWindHazardHighwindisanon‐spatialhazard.Highwindcananddoesimpacttheentiretyoftheplanningarea.Extent/SeverityoftheHighWindHazardHighwindisusuallyaforecasthazard,thoughtheactualonsetofthewindmaybesudden.Ofthesevenoccurrencesofnon‐thunderstorm,non‐tornadicwindrecordedintheplanningareasince2004,thehighestrecordedwindspeedwas60knots,whiletheaveragewindspeedwasslightlymorethan42knots.60



Theseverityandextentofhighwindswillvary,dependingonthetypeofeventthatproducesthewind.Table18(below)demonstratestheBeaufortWindForceScale,usedtodescribeprimarilymaritimewindconditions.61

BeaufortWindScale

BeaufortNumber

WindSpeedinMPH

Seaman’sTerm

VisibleEffectsonLand

0 >1 Calm Calm;smokerisesvertically

1 1‐3 LightAirSmokedriftindicateswinddirection;vanesdonotmove

2 4‐7 LightBreezeWindfeltonface;leavesrustle;vanesbegintomove

3 8‐12 GentleBreezeLeaves,smalltwigsinconstantmotion;lightflagsextended

4 13‐18ModerateBreeze

Dust,leavesandloosepaperraisedup;smallbranchesmove

5 19‐24 FreshBreeze Smalltreesbegintosway

6 25‐31 StrongBreezeLargebranchesoftreesinmotion;whistlingheardinwires

7 32‐28 ModerateGaleWholetreesinmotion;resistancefeltinwalkingagainstthewind

8 39‐46 FreshGale Twigsandsmallbranchesbrokenofftrees

9 47‐54 StrongGaleSlightstructuraldamageoccurs;slateblownfromroofs

10 55‐63 WholeGaleSeldomexperiencedonland;treesbroken;structuraldamageoccurs

11 64‐72 StormVeryrarelyexperiencedonland;usuallywithwidespreaddamage

12 73<HurricaneForce

Violenceanddestruction

Table18HurricanesarecategorizedaccordingtothestrengthoftheirwindsusingtheSaffir‐SimpsonWindScale.Thisscaleranksonlywindspeed,andincreasesinscale.Itisimportanttonotethatlowercategorystormscaninflictgreaterdamagethanhighercategorystorms,dependingonwheretheystrike,otherweathertheyinteractwith,andhowslowtheirforwardspeed.Table19(following)illustratesthewindspeedclassificationandexpectedwindeffectsonlandfromvariouscoastalstormcategories,asprovidedbytheNationalHurricaneCenter.Thesedescriptionsoflandeffectsaregeneralandareforexplanatorypurposesonly.Theactualdamageto



landfromagivenstormwillbereliantonavarietyoffactors,includingconstruction,placement,age,andconditionofthestructure.62

Saffir‐SimpsonHurricaneWindScale

Category

ExpectedWindSpeed(mph)

ExampleStorm(s) EffectsonLand

Category1

Hurricane74–95

HurricaneDolly(2008)isanexampleofahurricanethatbroughtCategory1windsandimpactstoSouthPadreIsland,Texas.

Oldermobilehomescouldbedestroyed,especiallyiftheyarenotanchoredproperly,astheytendtoshiftorrollofftheirfoundations.Newermobilehomesthatareanchoredproperlycansustaindamageinvolvingtheremovalofshingleormetalroofcoverings,andlossofvinylsiding.Somepoorlyconstructedframehomescanexperiencemajordamage,involvinglossoftheroofcoveringanddamagetogableendsaswellastheremovalofporchcoveringsandawnings.Unprotectedwindowsmaybreakifstruckbyflyingdebris.Fallingandbrokenglasswillposeasignificantdangerevenafterthestorm.Largebranchesoftreeswillsnapandshallowrootedtreescanbetoppled.Extensivedamagetopowerlinesandpoleswilllikelyresultinpoweroutagesthatcouldlastafewtoseveraldays.

Category2

Hurricane96–110

HurricaneFrances(2004)isanexampleofahurricanethatbroughtCategory2windsandimpactstocoastalportionsofPortSt.Lucie,FloridawithCategory1conditionsexperiencedelsewhereinthecity.

Thereisasubstantialriskofinjuryordeathtopeople,livestock,andpetsduetoflyingandfallingdebris.Oldermobilehomeshaveaveryhighchanceofbeingdestroyedandtheflyingdebrisgeneratedcanshrednearbymobilehomes.Newermobilehomescanalsobedestroyed.Poorlyconstructedframehomeshaveahighchanceofhavingtheirroofstructuresremovedespeciallyiftheyarenotanchoredproperly.Unprotectedwindowswillhaveahighprobabilityofbeingbrokenbyflyingdebris.Well‐constructedframehomescouldsustainmajorroofandsidingdamage.




Category



Category3

Hurricane111–130

HurricaneIvan(2004)isanexampleofahurricanethatbroughtCategory3windsandimpactstocoastalportionsofGulfShores,AlabamawithCategory2conditionsexperiencedelsewhereinthecity.

Thereisahighriskofinjuryordeathtopeople,livestock,andpetsduetoflyingandfallingdebris.Nearlyalloldermobilehomeswillbedestroyed.Mostnewermobilehomeswillsustainseveredamagewithpotentialforcompleterooffailureandwallcollapse.Poorlyconstructedframehomescanbedestroyedbytheremovaloftheroofandexteriorwalls.Unprotectedwindowswillbebrokenbyflyingdebris.Well‐builtframehomescanexperiencemajordamageinvolvingtheremovalofroofdeckingandgableends.Therewillbeahighpercentageofroofcoveringandsidingdamagetoapartmentbuildingsandindustrialbuildings.Isolatedstructuraldamagetowoodorsteelframingcanoccur.Manytreeswillbesnappedoruprooted,blockingnumerousroads.Electricityandwaterwillbeunavailableforseveraldaystoafewweeksafterthestormpasses.

Category4

Hurricane131–155

HurricaneCharley(2004)isanexampleofahurricanethatbroughtCategory4windsandimpactstocoastalportionsofPuntaGorda,FloridawithCategory3conditionsexperiencedelsewhereinthecity.

Thereisaveryhighriskofinjuryordeathtopeople,livestock,andpetsduetoflyingandfallingdebris.Nearlyalloldermobilehomeswillbedestroyed.Ahighpercentageofnewermobilehomesalsowillbedestroyed.Poorlyconstructedhomescansustaincompletecollapseofallwallsaswellasthelossoftheroofstructure.Well‐builthomesalsocansustainseveredamagewithlossofmostoftheroofstructureand/orsomeexteriorwalls.Extensivedamagetoroofcoverings,windows,anddoorswilloccur.Largeamountsofwindbornedebriswillbeloftedintotheair.Windbornedebrisdamagewillbreakmostunprotectedwindowsandpenetratesomeprotectedwindows.Therewillbeahighpercentageofstructuraldamagetothetopfloorsofapartmentbuildings.Fallentreesandpowerpoleswillisolateresidentialareas.Poweroutageswilllastforweekstopossiblymonths.




Category



Category5

Hurricane>156

HurricaneAndrew(1992)isanexampleofahurricanethatbroughtCategory5windsandimpactstocoastalportionsofCutlerRidge,FloridawithCategory4conditionsexperiencedelsewhereinsouthMiami‐DadeCounty.

People,livestock,andpetsareatveryhighriskofinjuryordeathfromflyingorfallingdebris,evenifindoorsinmobilehomesorframedhomes.Almostcompletedestructionofallmobilehomeswilloccur,regardlessofageorconstruction.Ahighpercentageofframehomeswillbedestroyed,withtotalrooffailureandwallcollapse.Extensivedamagetoroofcovers,windows,anddoorswilloccur.Completecollapseofmanyoldermetalbuildingscanoccur.Mostunreinforcedmasonrywallswillfailwhichcanleadtothecollapseofthebuildings.Fallentreesandpowerpoleswillisolateresidentialareas.Poweroutageswilllastforweekstopossiblymonths.Long‐termwatershortageswillincreasehumansuffering.

Table19

ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheHighWindHazardExtremewindshavethepotentialtodevastatetheAuburnUniversitymaincampus.Highwindcandamagebuildings,buildingcomponents,infrastructure,exposedequipment,vehicles,exposedutilities,trees,livestock,crops,andpeople.Flyingdebrisisaprimaryconcernwithhighwind,asisthestructuralintegrityofbuildings.Treesmaybeuprooted,whichmayresultindownedpowerlines,vehicledamages,andbuildingdamageswhentheyfall.OccurrencesoftheHighWindHazardTheNCDCstormdatabasereportssevennon‐thunderstorm,non‐tornadohighwindeventsinLeeCountysince2004.ThereisnoindicationfromthedataavailablethatanyoftheseeventsdirectlyimpactedAuburn’smaincampus.63InsurancerecordsprovidedbyAuburnUniversity’sRiskManagementDepartmentindicatesthathighwindhasimpactedthecampusafewtimesintherecentpast.AwindstorminAprilof2011damagedmorethan20buildings,andresultedininsuranceclaimsofmorethan$2.5M.64InOctober1995,AuburnUniversitysustaineddamagesfromHurricaneOpal.OpalmadelandfallatPensacolaBeach,FLasaCategory3hurricane,withmaximumsustainedwindsof115MPH.OpalretainedhurricaneforcewindsuntilitwasnorthofLeeCountyandAuburn’smaincampus,whereitweakenedtoatropicalstorm.AsispassedbyAuburn,windspeedsremainedinthe80‐100MPHrange.65



Approximately30buildingsonAuburn’scampussustainedwinddamage,largelyintheformofdamagedormissingshinglesandotherroofdamage.Inall,Auburnreceivedalmost$75kfromtheirinsurancecompanyforthisdamage,inadditiontoFEMAPublicAssistancefundingreceivedforeligibledamages.66OpalisnottheonlyhurricanethathascomeclosetoAuburn’smaincampus.AsseeninFigure14(below),thecampushasexperiencedtheeffectsofmanyhurricaneinthelast150years.

Figure14ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheHighWindHazardDataprovidedbyAuburnindicatesatleastfouroccurrencesofthehighwindhazardthathaveimpactedthemaincampusintheprevious20years.Thisequatestoanaverageofoneoccurrenceeveryfiveyears.Inaccordancewiththescalepresentedatthebeginningofthischapter,thismeansthattheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceislow.DatafromtheNCDCdocumentssevenhighwindoccurrencessince2004inLeeCounty,butnoneoftheseoccurrenceswererecordedforthemaincampusofAuburnUniversity.Thisequatestoapproximatelyoneoccurrenceevery18months.



TheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofhighwindintheStateofAlabamaashigh;theSHMPincludesaqualitativeandaquantitativeassessmentforthishazard.67RiskAssessmentfortheHighWindHazardWhilethishazardoccurswithsomeregularity,itisnotonewithasignificanthistoryofcausingdamagesorlossestoAuburnUniversity,thoughthereisdocumentedrisktoAuburn’speople,assets,infrastructure,andmissionfromthishazard.Despitethislackofhistory,theAdvisoryCommittee,inrecognitionofthepotentialimpactsofhighwindandtheoccurrencesofhighwindintheareasurroundingthemaincampus,determinedthatthishazardshouldreceiveamorein‐depth,quantitativeriskassessment,inadditiontoaqualitativeriskassessment.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable20(below).

HighWind–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low‐Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate ModerateTable20ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.AuburnUniversityhas227assetsworthanestimated$2,320,021,141.Intheeventofasignificanthighwindevent,suchasaderechoorahurricane,anyoneoftheseassetsarevulnerabletodamage.IfastormsimilartoHurricaneOpalweretoimpactthecampusagain,itisreasonabletoassumethatasimilarnumberofassets–approximately30–couldbedamagedbyhighwind.Thiswouldmeanthat14%oftheassetsatAuburnwouldbedamaged,anestimatedexposureofapproximately$324,802,960.Whileatleastpartofthislosswouldbeinsured,thelossoffunctionforthedamagedassetswouldresultinsignificantoperationalimpactstotheUniversity,includingimpactstothemissionoftheUniversity.Inaddition,itispossiblethatsomeinjuriescouldbeexperienced,dependingonthetimingoftheevent.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasamoderateriskfromthehighwindhazard;thisconclusionissupportedbytheavailabledata,theSHMP,andtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.



Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,aswellasstate‐wideinformation.Thoughsomecampus‐specificdatadoesexist,itislargelylimitedtoinsuranceclaiminformation.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisassessmentpriortothenextupdateincludes:

Dataregardingtheestimatedwindloadforeachbuilding; Dataregardingincidentsofhistoricwinddamagetoeachasset;and Dataregardingotherdamageclaims,includingFEMAPWclaims,toeachasset.

LightningDescriptionoftheLightningHazardLightningisanelectricaldischargeproducedbyathunderstorm.Thedischargemayoccurbetweenclouds,betweenacloudandtheground,betweenthegroundandacloud,orbetweencloudsandtheair.Lightningrapidlyheatstheairinitsimmediatevicinitytoabout50,000°F‐aboutfivetimesthetemperatureofthesurfaceofthesun.Thiscompressesthesurroundingairandcreatesasupersonicshockwave,whichdecaystoanacousticwavethatisheardasthunder.68LocationoftheLightningHazardLightningisanon‐spatialhazard.Alllocationsintheplanningareaatriskfromthelightninghazard.Extent/SeverityoftheLightningHazardThoughitmaybeforecast,lightningisahazardthatoccurswithlittlewarningtothoseinthevicinity.Eachstrikeisbriefinduration,buttheperiodoflightningoccurringinagivenstormeventcanbelengthy,dependingontheamountofenergythestormcontainsandthatisavailabletobeexpended.Fortheperiodofrecord(10years),12occurrencesoflightningwererecordedintheplanningarea.Thisequatesto1.2eventsperyear,onaverage.Fortheseevents,propertydamagesofmorethan$333,000wererecorded,resultinginannualizeddamagesofmorethan$33,000peryear.69Thisservesastheextentofmagnitude/severitythatcanbeexpectedtooccurintheplanningarea.TheNationalWeatherService(NWS)usesaLightningActivityLevelscaletoindicatethefrequencyandcharacterofcloud‐to‐ground(C/G)lightning,themostcommonformoflightningonEarth.Thescaleusesarangeof1–6,with6beingthehighendofthescale.70Table21(following)providesthedetailsofthisscale.



LightningActivityLevelScale

Rank CloudandStormDevelopmentAreal

Coverage

CountsC/Gper5

Minutes

CountsC/Gper15

Minutes

AverageC/GperMinute

1 NoThunderstorms None None None None

2

Cumuluscloudsarecommonbutonlyafewreachthetoweringstage.Asinglethunderstormmustbeconfirmedintheratingarea.Thecloudsmostlyproducevirgabutlightrainwilloccasionallyreachground.Lightningisveryinfrequent.

<15% 1‐5 1‐8 <1

3

Cumuluscloudsarecommon.Swellingandtoweringcumuluscoverlessthan2/10ofthesky.Thunderstormsarefew,but2to3occurwithintheobservationarea.Lighttomoderaterainwillreachtheground,andlightningisinfrequent.

15%to24%

6‐10 9‐15 1‐2

4

Swellingcumulusandtoweringcumuluscover2‐3/10ofthesky.Thunderstormsarescatteredbutmorethanthreemustoccurwithintheobservationarea.Moderaterainiscommonlyproduced,andlightningisfrequent.

25%to50% 11‐15 16‐25 2‐3

5

Toweringcumulusandthunderstormsarenumerous.Theycovermorethan3/10andoccasionallyobscurethesky.Rainismoderatetoheavy,andlightningisfrequentandintense.

>50% >15 >25 >3

6Drylightningoutbreak.(LALof3orgreaterwithmajorityofstormsproducinglittleornorainfall.)

>15% None None None

Table21

ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheLightningHazardLightningisthemostdangerousandfrequentlyencounteredweatherhazardthatmostpeopleintheUSexperienceannually.Lightningcreatessignificantelectricalcharges,whichcanresultininjuriesorfatalitieswhenpeoplecomeintocontactwithlightning.Lightningisresponsibleforanaverageof55‐60fatalitieseachyear,andapproximately400injurieseachyear.Themajorityof



lightningvictimsarepeoplewhowaitedtoolongtoseekshelter;80%ofthesevictimsaremalesbetween15and40yearsofage.71Inaddition,lightningcannegativelyimpactstructuresandutilitysystemsuponcontact.Theintroductionofthatsignificantofanelectricalchargecandestroyanelectricalsystemthatsuppliespowertoabuilding,damagingordestroyinganythingconnectedtotheelectricalsystemofthatbuilding.ForthevastmajorityofassetsownedandoperatedbyAuburnUniversity,electricityisacriticalutility,withoutwhichtheassetiscompromisedorunabletoproperlyfunction.Finally,lightningcanresultinstructurefiresorwildfires,whichcancreatefurtherdamages,bothatthepointofcontactandinthesurroundingarea.OccurrencesoftheLightningHazardDataobtainedfromtheNCDCindicatesthattherehavebeenatleast12occurrencesofthelightninghazardinLeeCountysince1996.Priorto1996,lightningwasnotnecessarilyrecordedasaseparatehazardbytheNCDC,andsorecordsfrombeforethencannotbeassumedtobeaccurateregardinglightningoccurrences.72AccordingtotheSHMP,alightningstrikeoccurssomewhereintheStateofAlabamaevery6sixdays,or57timesperyear.TheSHMPprovidednodetailsofoccurrencesinLeeCountyorthatimpactedthemaincampusofAuburnUniversity.73Finally,insuranceclaimrecordsprovidedbyAuburn’sRiskManagementDepartmentindicatethattherehavebeenatleast11insuranceclaimsfiledbytheUniversityforlightningdamages,foratotalof$117,539inclaims.74

ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheLightningHazardDataprovidedbyAuburnindicatesatleast11occurrencesofthelightninghazardthathaveimpactedthemaincampusintheprevious15years.Thisequatestoanaverageslightlybelowannualforrecurrence.Inaccordancewiththescalepresentedatthebeginningofthischapter,thismeansthattheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceishigh.However,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardhaslowprobabilitytoimpactpeople,assets,infrastructure,andtheUniversity’smission,andthusrankedthehazardaslow.TheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceoflightningintheStateofAlabamaasmedium/low,meaningthatthehazardeitherhaslittleprobabilityofaffectingthestate,limiteddataisavailableforanalysis,oritisdifficulttomitigatetheeffectsofthehazard;forhazardsrankedmediumorlow,theSHMPincludesaqualitativeassessmentonly.75RiskAssessmentfortheLightningHazardWhilethishazardoccurswithsomeregularity,itisnotonewithasignificanthistoryofcausingdamagesorlossestoAuburnUniversity,thoughthereisatleastsomerisktoAuburn’speople,



assets,infrastructure,andmissionfromthishazard.ThemostvulnerableUniversityassetsarethoseconnectedtoelectricalsystems,manyofwhichhaveadditionalprotectionintermsoflightningguardsandsurgeprotection.Communications,computernetworks,andotherelectricity‐dependentsystemshaveatleastsomeresidualrisk,however,andthelossofanyofthesesystemscouldhavesignificantnegativeimpactsontheUniversity,asmostdataandinformationmanagementsystemsareelectricalinnatureandcanbedamagedbyelectricalsurges,includingthosecausedbylightning.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable22(below).

Lightning–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low Low Low Low LowTable22ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowriskfromthelightninghazard;thisconclusionissupportedbytheavailabledata,theSHMP,andtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,atthestatelevel.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisassessmentpriortothenextupdateincludes:

Specificassetsthathavelightningprotectioninplace,and Specificassetsthathavenolightningprotection.



SevereThunderstormDescriptionoftheSevereThunderstormHazardAsdefinedbytheNationalWeatherService,aseverethunderstormisathunderstormthatproducesatornado,windsofatleast58MPH(50knots),and/orhailatleast¾"indiameter.Structuralwinddamagemayimplytheoccurrenceofaseverethunderstorm.Athunderstormwindequaltoorgreaterthan40MPH(35knots)and/orhailofatleast½"isdefinedasapproachingsevere.Lightningisnotrequiredforaseverethunderstorm,regardlessofthefrequencyofoccurrence.76Hail,highwind,lightning,andtornadoesareprofiledseparatelyinthisPlan.Thishazardconsidersseverethunderstorms,whichindicatesthatallorsomeofthesehazardsoccursimultaneously.LocationoftheSevereThunderstormHazardSeverethunderstormsareanon‐spatialhazard,andcanimpactanypartoftheplanningarea.Extent/SeverityoftheSevereThunderstormHazardInthefiftyyearperiodfrom1966to2015,LeeCountyexperiencedatleast152occurrencesoftheseverethunderstormhazard.Thisequatestothreeseverethunderstormsperyear,onaverage.Theserecordedstormsresultedinatleast$819,000inpropertyandcorpdamages,whichequatestoannualizeddamagesof$16,380peryear.Oftheserecordedevents,themostsevereoccurredin1996,withwindspeedsof70knots.Thissamestormresultedinthehighestamountofrecordeddamages,with$90,000forthissingleevent.Finally,thisstormwasresponsibleforoneoftworecordedfatalitiesfortheperiodofrecord.77Thisstormservesarstheeventthatresultedinthehighestwinds,thehighestdamages,andafatalityfortheperiod,andservesastheextentofmagnitudeandseveritythatcouldbeexperiencedbytheplanningareafromaseverethunderstorm.Forthevariousextent/severityscalesanddiscussions,pleaserefertothehail,highwind,lightning,andtornadoprofiles.

ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheSevereThunderstormHazardSeverethunderstormspresentamyriadofhazardstothepeopleandassetsofthecampus.Fordiscussiononthehazardsposedbytheindividualelementsoftheseverethunderstormhazard,pleaserefertothehail,highwind,lightning,andtornadoprofiles.OccurrencesoftheSevereThunderstormHazardAccordingtotheNCDC,therehavebeenmanyoccurrencesofthecomponentsoftheseverethunderstormhazardinLeeCounty:

Hail:104occurrencessince1965; Lightning:12occurrencessince1996;



Tornado:30occurrencessince1953; Thunderstormwind:152occurrencessince1966;and Wind:sevenoccurrencessince2004.78

DataprovidedbyAuburn’sRiskManagementDepartmentindicatesthattherehavebeenatleast46insuranceclaimsrelatedtoseverethunderstormdamage–fromwind,lightning,hail,ortornados–since2001.Manyoftheseclaims–27ofthem–werefiledinApril2011,followingasignificantroundofseverethunderstormsinthearea.Inall,theseclaimsamountedinmorethan$4MinpaymentstoAuburn,tocompensatefordamagesfromseverethunderstormtoinsuredassets.

ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheSevereThunderstormHazardDataobtainedfromtheNCDCindicatesthattherehavebeenatleast151occurrencesofthethunderstormwindhazardinLeeCountysince1966.Forthe49yearperiodforwhichtheserecordsareavailable,thisequalsanaverageof3thunderstormsperyear.Usingthescaleprovidedatthebeginningofthischapter,thisequalsahighprobabilityofafutureoccurrence.79RiskAssessmentfortheSevereThunderstormHazardTheseverethunderstormhazardpresentsamyriadofriskstoAuburnUniversity.Thoughhighinfrequencyofoccurrence,themajorityofoccurrencesarerelativelylowimpactevents.ThoughAuburnhasagreatdealofexposuretohail,lightning,andwind,mostoccurrencesofthehazardarenotsevereenoughtocausesignificantdamagestotheUniversity,itspeople,oritsassets.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable23(below).

SevereThunderstorm–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low Low Low Low LowTable23ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.



RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowriskfromtheseverethunderstormhazard;thisconclusionissupportedbyboththeavailabledataandtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,atthestatelevel. Sinkhole/LandSubsidenceDescriptionoftheSinkhole/LandSubsidenceHazardSinkholesaredepressionsinthegroundthatresultfromthecollapseofanundergroundvoid.Areasthathavesinkholesareknownaskarstterrainortopography.Typically,thebedrockunderneathanareawithsinkholesiscomprisedoflimestone.Whenrainwater,whichisnaturallyslightlyacidic,movesthroughthegroundandintocracksandcrevicesinthelimestone,therainwaterdissolvestherock,increasingthesizeofthecracksandcrevices,eventuallyformingcavesorcaverns.Eventually,theroofofthecaveorcavernbecomestooweaktosupporttheweightofthegroundabove,theroofwillcollapse,creatingasinkhole.80Landsubsidencetypicallyoccurswhenlargeamountsofgroundwaterarewithdrawnfromcertaintypesofrocks,suchafine‐grainedsediments.Therockcompactsasaresultoftheremovalofthewater,whichwaspartlyresponsibleforholdinguptheground.Whenthewateriswithdrawn,therockcollapsesinonitself.AprimarycauseoflandsubsidenceintheUSisgroundwaterpumping.81LocationoftheSinkhole/LandSubsidenceHazardAccordingtotheGeologicalSurveyofAlabama,sinkholesarefairlycommoninbothnorthernandsouthernAlabama.IncentralAlabama–specificallyintheareaaroundLeeCounty–theyarelesscommon.Figure15(following)illustratesthelocationofsinkholeswithin100milesoftheAuburnUniversitycampus.



Figure15Figure16(following)illustratesthelocationofsinkholesintheStateofAlabama.Accordingtothisfigure,whichincludesdatathrough2010,thereisonesinkholeinLeeCounty,locatedinthenorthernpartofthecounty.ThissinkholeisnotlocatedonthemaincampusofAuburnUniversity.82



Figure16Extent/SeverityoftheSinkhole/LandSubsidenceHazardThereisnopublishedorstandardscaleforthisgeologichazard.Rathertherearesomeidentifiedtriggeringmechanismsthatcanbediscussedandnoted.

Changesinthelocalenvironmentthatcausesubsidenceorsinkholesarecalledtriggeringmechanisms.Wateristheprimaryfactorthataffectsthelocalenvironmentandcausessubsidence.Waterleveldecline,changesingroundwaterflow,increasedloading,anddeterioration(suchasabandonedmines)arealltriggeringmechanisms.Waterleveldeclinemayoccurnaturally,oritmaybetheresultofhumanaction.Factorsthatleadtowaterdeclinearepumping(fromwells),localizeddrainage(forconstructionactivities),dewatering,ordrought.



Changesingroundwaterflowcanresultfromanincreaseinthevelocityofgroundwatermovement,andincreaseinthefrequencyofwatertablefluctuations,andchangesindischarge(eitherincreaseordecrease).Increasedloadingcancausepressureinthesoil,leadingtothefailureofundergroundcavitiesandspace,suchascaves.Vibrationsfromearthquakes,heavymachinery,andblastingmayresultinstructuralcollapse,followedbysurfaceresettlement.83Therearenopreviousinstancesofsinkholes/landsubsidenceatAuburnUniveristy;however,itispossibleforAuburnUniversity’sassetstoexperiencethefullextentofasinkhole/landsubsidence.LeeCountyhasexperiencedsinkholesinthearea;however,thesizesofthesinkholeswerenotreadilyavailableduringplandevelopment.ThereisasinkholeinnearbyCalera,inShelbyCounty,whichopenedin1972.Thesinkholemeasuresapproximately350feetwideby425feetlongand150feetdeep,isoneofthelargestonrecordintheUS.84ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheSinkhole/LandSubsidenceHazardSinkholesandsubsidencebothresultinalossofland,andinstabilityinthelandthatsurroundsthearea.Thisrenderstheareaunsafe,andunusableforconstructionoragriculture.Intheeventofasuddencollapse,anybuiltenvironmentintheareamaybedamagedordestroyed,includingundergroundutilities.Peopleoranimalsintheareamaybeinjuredorkilledbythesuddencollapseoftheground.

OccurrencesoftheSinkhole/LandSubsidenceHazardAccordingtotheLeeCountyNaturalHazardMitigationPlan,LeeCountyhasexperiencedmorethan100sinkholessince2002.ThesesinkholeshaveoccurredlargelyintheareaofLeeRoad166andLeeRoad148.85TheseareasarenotintheareaofAuburnUniversity.TheSHMPrevealsthatsinkholeshavebecomeamorecommonprobleminareasthathavebeenaffectedbydrought–includingLeeCounty–inrecentyears,includingtheCityofAuburn,butprovidesnoindicationofanysinkholesthathaveimpactedAuburnUniversityoritsassets.TheSHMPalsodetailsasinkholenearCalerainShelbyCounty,whichopenedin1972.Thissinkhole,whichmeasuresapproximately350feetwideby425feetlongand150feetdeep,isoneofthelargestonrecordintheUS.86WhiletheAdvisoryCommitteeconsidersthishazardtobeonethatispossibletoimpactAuburnUniversity,theyreportednooccurrencesofthishazardoccurringonAuburnpropertyorimpactingthecampus.ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheSinkhole/LandSubsidenceHazardThereisnodocumentedhistoryofthesinkhole/landsubsidencehazardimpactingAuburnUniversity.Usingthescaleprovidedatthebeginningofthissection,theprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofthehazardislow.



TheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofsinkhole/landsubsidenceintheStateofAlabamaaslow/low,meaningthatthehazardeitherhaslittleprobabilityofaffectingthestate,limiteddataisavailableforanalysis,oritisdifficulttomitigatetheeffectsofthehazard;forhazardsrankedmediumorlow,theSHMPincludesaqualitativeassessmentonly.87RiskAssessmentfortheSinkhole/LandSubsidenceHazardWhilethereisnodocumentedhistoryofthishazardimpactingAuburnUniversity,thepossibilityremainsthatitcould,eitherdirectlyorindirectly.ItispossiblethatasinkholecouldoccuronAuburn’scampus.ItisalsopossiblethatasinkholeinanotherareacouldimpactgroundwatersuppliesthateventuallyareusedbyAuburn,eitherforhuman/animalconsumptionorforirrigation.Whenthegroundopens,contaminantscanentertheopenedareaandenteranygroundwaterthatispresent.Thesecontaminantscanincludeagriculturalproductsandrunoff,fertilizers,andsubstancesstoredinundergroundtanks,suchasfuels.Thiscontaminationcanpollutewellsandothersourcesofwater.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable24(below).

Sinkhole/LandSubsidence–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low Low Low Low LowTable24ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowriskfromthesinkhole/landsubsidencehazard;thisconclusionissupportedbyboththeavailabledataandtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,atthestatelevel.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisriskassessmentincludes:



DataregardingexactdistancesfromknownsinkholestoAuburnassets,and Dataregardingknownsinkholesthathavebeencontaminated,andanypossible

groundwaterorwellcontaminationthatresulted.

Tornado DescriptionoftheTornadoHazardTornadoesareextremewindevents.Themostdestructiveofallatmosphericphenomena,tornadoesareviolentlyrotatingcolumnsofair.ThesecolumnsextendbetweenandincontactwithacloudandtheEarth’ssurface.Themostviolenttornadoeshaverotationalwindspeedsof250MPH;inextremecases,rotationalwindspeedsmayapproach300MPH.Tornadoesareoftenproducedbyseverethunderstorms.88LocationoftheTornadoHazardTornadoesareanon‐spatialhazard.Theentireplanningareacanbeaffectedbyatornado.Figure17(below)illustratesthepathofhistoricaltornadoesinrelationtoAuburn’smaincampus.

Figure17



Extent/SeverityoftheTornadoHazardInApril2011,anF4torandotoucheddownveryneartheAuburncampus,thoughnotinLeeCounty.InDecember2011,anEF1torandotoucheddownonanddamagedassetsontheAuburncampus.Thecampushassustainedatleast$13,000indirectdamagesfromtornadoes.Since1953,atleast30funnelclouds/tornadoshavebeenrecordedinLeeCounty,resultinginmorethan$13.7millioninpropertydamage,sixfatalities,and231injuries.89Annualized,thisamountsto.47tornadoes,$217,523inpropertydamage,.11fatalities,and3.6injuriesperyear.Thisrepresentstheextentofthetornadohazardthatcanbeexpectedintheplanningarea.TornadowindforcesaremeasuredanddescribedaccordingtotheFujitaScale.TheFujitaScaleislargelyaresidentialstructuredamagescale,whichtendstohavemuchmorestandardizedconstructionthancommercialstructures.TheFujitaScaleisintendedtodescribetheexpecteddamagetowell‐builtresidentialstructures.Thismakesitsuseoftenmisleading,aspoorlybuiltstructurescansuffersignificantstructuraldamageunderlesserwindsthantheScalewouldsuggest.TheStormPredictionCenter,aNOAAoffice,statesthefollowingregardingtheuseoftheFujitaScale:

DonotuseF‐scalewindsliterally.Theseprecisewindspeednumbersareactuallyguessesandhaveneverbeenscientificallyverified.Differentwindspeedsmaycausesimilar‐lookingdamagefromplacetoplace‐‐evenfrombuildingtobuilding.Withoutathoroughengineeringanalysisoftornadodamageinanyevent,theactualwindspeedsneededtocausethatdamageareunknown.

InFebruary2007,useoftheFujitaScalewasdiscontinued.Initsplace,theEnhancedFujitaScaleisused.TheEnhancedFujitaScaleretainsthesamebasicdesignasitspredecessor,butreflectsamorerefinedassessmentoftornadodamagesurveys,standardizationanddamageconsiderationtoawiderrangeofstructuretypes.Thenewscaletakesintoaccounthowmoststructuresaredesigned,andisthoughttobeamuchmoreaccuraterepresentationofthesurfacewindspeedsinthemostviolenttornadoes.Itisimportanttonotethedateatornadooccurred,astornadoeswhichoccurredpriortoFebruary2007areclassifiedbytheoldscaleandwillnotbeconvertedtotheEnhancedFujitaScale.90Table25(belowandfollowing)providesdetailsoftheFujitaScale.91

TheFujitaScale(pre‐2007)

F‐ScaleNumber

IntensityPhrase

WindSpeed

TypeofDamage

F0 Galetornado40‐72mph

Somedamagetochimneys;breaksbranchesofftrees;pushes over shallow‐rooted trees; damages signboards.

F1Moderatetornado

73‐112mph

The lower limit is the beginning of hurricane windspeed;peels surfaceoff roofs;mobilehomespushed



TheFujitaScale(pre‐2007)

F‐ScaleNumber

IntensityPhrase

WindSpeed

TypeofDamage

off foundationsoroverturned;movingautospushedofftheroads;attachedgaragesmaybedestroyed.

F2Significanttornado

113‐157mph

Considerable damage. Roofs torn off frame houses;mobilehomesdemolished;boxcarspushedover;largetrees snapped or uprooted; light object missilesgenerated.

F3Severetornado

158‐206mph

Roofandsomewallstornoffwell‐constructedhouses;trainsoverturned;mosttreesinforestuprooted

F4Devastatingtornado

207‐260mph

Well‐constructedhousesleveled;structureswithweakfoundationsblownoffsomedistance;carsthrownandlargemissilesgenerated.

F5Incredibletornado

261‐318mph

Strongframehousesliftedofffoundationsandcarriedconsiderable distances to disintegrate; automobilesized missiles fly through the air in excess of 100meters; trees debarked; steel reinforced concretestructuresbadlydamaged.

F6Inconceivable

tornado

319‐379mph

These winds are very unlikely. The small area ofdamage theymight producewould probably not berecognizablealongwiththemessproducedbyF4andF5windthatwouldsurroundtheF6winds.Missiles,such as cars and refrigerators would do serioussecondarydamagethatcouldnotbedirectlyidentifiedasF6damage.Ifthisleveliseverachieved,evidenceforitmightonlybefoundinsomemannerofgroundswirlpattern,foritmayneverbeidentifiablethroughengineeringstudies

Table25Table26(belowandfollowing)illustratestheEnhancedFujitaScale,currentlyinuse.92

EnhancedFujitaScale(2007‐present)EnhancedFujita

CategoryWindSpeed(mph)

PotentialDamage

EF0 65‐85Lightdamage.Peelssurfaceoffsomeroofs;somedamagetoguttersorsiding;branchesbrokenofftrees;shallow‐rootedtreespushedover.



EnhancedFujitaScale(2007‐present)EnhancedFujita

CategoryWindSpeed(mph)

PotentialDamage

EF1 86‐110Moderatedamage.Roofsseverelystripped;mobilehomesoverturnedorbadlydamaged;lossofexteriordoors;windowsandotherglassbroken.

EF2 111‐135

Considerabledamage.Roofstornoffwell‐constructedhouses;foundationsofframehomesshifted;mobilehomescompletelydestroyed;largetreessnappedoruprooted;light‐objectmissilesgenerated;carsliftedoffground.

EF3 136‐165

Severedamage.Entirestoriesofwell‐constructedhousesdestroyed;severedamagetolargebuildingssuchasshoppingmalls;trainsoverturned;treesdebarked;heavycarsliftedoffthegroundandthrown;structureswithweakfoundationsblownawaysomedistance.

EF4 166‐200Devastatingdamage.Well‐constructedhousesandwholeframehousescompletelyleveled;carsthrownandsmallmissilesgenerated.

EF5 >200

Incredibledamage.Strongframehousesleveledofffoundationsandsweptaway;automobile‐sizedmissilesflythroughtheairinexcessof100m(109yd);high‐risebuildingshavesignificantstructuraldeformation;incrediblephenomenawilloccur.

Table26

ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheTornadoHazardTornadodamagetypicallyhappensinoneoftwoways–eitherfromdirectexposuretotheextremewindsofthevortex,orfromtheimpactofflyingdebris.Indevelopedareas,suchasthemaincampusofAuburnUniversity,tornadoesessentiallyactasgiantblendersfullofprojectiles–boards,glass,bricks,metal,shingles,trees,appliances,chemicals,utilitylines.Allmaterialsinthepath–boththosethatcomprisethestructureandthosethatcomprisethecontentsofthestructure–canbepulledintothewindsofatornado,resultingindamagestootherbuildings,people,livestock,andtheenvironment.OccurrencesoftheTornadoHazardAccordingtotheNCDC,atleast30occurrencesofthetornadohazardhaveoccurredinLeeCountysince1953.93AtleastoneoftheseoccurrenceswasdocumentedtoimpactAuburn’smaincampus.InAprilof2011,severestorms,includingtornadoes,sweptthroughthesoutheast.68tornadoeswerereportedthroughoutthesoutheast,aswere90occurrencesofhailandmorethan1300



reportsofwind.94AuburnUniversitysufferedsignificantdamage,resultinginanumberofinsuranceclaims,includingatleastonefortornadodamagetotheDairyBarn.Laterthatsameyear,anothertornadodamagedalivestockshelter,resultinginaninsuranceclaimofmorethan$13,000fordamages.95ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheTornadoHazardInthe62yearperiodforwhichrecordshavebeenkept,theNCDChasrecorded30tornadoesinLeeCounty.Thisequatestoapproximatelyonetornadoeveryotheryear.Usingthescaleatthebeginningofthissection,thisequatestoamoderateprobabilityofafutureoccurrence.TheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceoftornadointheStateofAlabamaashigh;theSHMPincludesaqualitativeandaquantitativeassessmentforthishazard.96RiskAssessmentfortheTornadoHazardWhilethishazardoccurswithsomeregularity,itisnotonewithasignificanthistoryofcausingdamagesorlossestoAuburnUniversity,thoughthereisdocumentedrisktoAuburn’speople,assets,infrastructure,andmissionfromthishazard.Despitethislackofhistory,theAdvisoryCommittee,inrecognitionofthepotentialimpactsofhighwindandtheoccurrencesoftornadointheareasurroundingthemaincampus,determinedthatthishazardshouldreceiveamorein‐depth,quantitativeriskassessment,inadditiontoaqualitativeriskassessment.MethodologyAfterdiscussionandreviewofthebestavailabledataregardingthishazard,andinconsiderationofthepotentialimpactstotheUniversityanditscommunityfromthishazard,theAdvisoryCommitteedeterminedthatthishazardshouldreceiveaqualitativeriskassessment.TheCommitteewasaskedtoprovidequalitativedamage,loss,andimpactrankings,basedontheirknowledgeoftheUniversity.Committeemembersconsideredthepotentialrisktopeople(lossoflifeorinjury),therisktoassets,therisktoinfrastructure,andtherisktotheUniversity’smission.(Refertopage4‐6ofthissectionfordetails.)TheresultsofthisassessmentappearinTable27(below).

Tornado–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate ModerateTable27ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.ToassessthepotentialriskoftornadoestoAuburnUniversity,ascenariowascreated.UsingdataonahistoricEF2tornado,thetrackofthishistorictornadowasshiftedtodirectlyimpactthe



Auburncampus.A.25milewidebufferzonewascreated,indicatingatrackofone‐halfmilewide.Theassetsinthepathofthisscenariowerecalculated.Figure18(below)illustratesthisscenario.

Figure18Inthescenariodepictedabove,112AuburnUniversityassets,withanestimatedvalueof$1,121,743,600,wouldbeatriskfromthistornado.Ifeven10%oftheseexposedassetsweredamaged,thatwouldstillresultinmorethan$112Mdollarsindamagesandrepairs.Hundredsifnotthousandsofpeoplewouldbeexposedtoextremewindsanddebris,eachoneofthematriskfrominjuryorfatality.Auburntakesthisexposureseriously,andpublishesavarietyofmapsindicatingthelocationofemergencyshelter‐in‐placelocationsthroughoutthecampus.Figure19(following)illustratesoneofthesemaps;thisoneprovidessafeplacelocationsforGamedays.



Figure19RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasamoderateriskfromthetornadohazard;thisconclusionissupportedbytheavailabledata,theSHMP,andtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,aswellasstate‐wideinformation.Thoughsomecampus‐specificdatadoesexist,itislargelylimitedtoinsuranceclaiminformation.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisassessmentpriortothenextupdateincludes:

Dataregardingtheestimatedwindloadforeachbuilding; Dataregardingincidentsofhistoricwinddamagetoeachasset;and Dataregardingotherdamageclaims,includingFEMAPWclaims,toeachasset.



Wildfire

DescriptionoftheHazardFireistherapidoxidationofamaterialinthechemicalprocessofcombustion,releasingheat,light,andvariousreactionproducts.97Theflameisthevisibleportionofthefireandconsistsofglowinghotgases.Ifhotenough,thegasesmaybecomeionizedtoproduceplasma.Dependingonthesubstancesalight,andanyimpuritiesoutside,thecoloroftheflameandthefire'sintensitymightvary.Wildfiresareanyfirethatoccursongrassland,forestorprairie,regardlessofignitionsource,damages,orbenefits.Wildfiresareusuallyanaturallyoccurringphenomenon,thoughtheycanbecausedbyhumanaction,namelyarson.Awildfirediffersfromotherfiresbyitsextensivesize,thespeedatwhichitcanspreadoutfromitsoriginalsource,itspotentialtochangedirectionunexpectedly,anditsabilitytojumpgapssuchasroads,riversandfirebreaks.Wildfiresarecharacterizedintermsofthecauseofignition,theirphysicalpropertiessuchasspeedofpropagation,thecombustiblematerialpresent,andtheeffectofweatheronthefire.98



LocationoftheWildfireHazardWhilefireisahazardthatcanoccuranywhere,someareasaremorepronetofirethanothers.Wildfirescanoccuranywherethatburnablevegetationexists.Figure20(below)illustratesthelandcoveronandaroundtheAuburnUniversitymaincampus.

Figure20Asseeninthefigureabove,themajorityofthecampusitselfiscomprisedoflowandmediumdensitydevelopment,makingitunlikelythatawildfirewouldbeginonthecampusitself.However,theareaaroundthecampushasquiteabitofhay/pasture,forest,andcroplands,allofwhicharegoodcandidatesforwildfires.TheUSForestServicehasaproductcalledtheWildlandFirePotentialassessmenttool.Thisproductprovidesanoverviewassessmentoftheareaswithinadefinedareathathavethepotentialtoexperiencewildfire.Figure21(following)illustratesthewildlandfirepotentialforAuburnUniversitymaincampus,asestimatedbytheUSForestService.



Figure21Notethattheareasdesignatedas“non‐burnable”inthefigureabovearepredominantlyeitherdevelopedoragriculturalland,andthattheyaresubjecttoothertypesoffire.BydefinitionoftheUSForestService,however,theyareoutsideofthewildlandfirepotentialarea.Extent/SeverityoftheWildfireHazardSince2009,112fireshaveburnedanestimated1,900acresinLeeCounty,foranaveragefiresizeofapproximately17acresburnedforfire.99Thisrepresentsthelikelyextentofthewildfirehazardthatcouldimpacttheplanningarea.TheNationalFireDangerRatingSystem(NFDRS)isthecurrentsysteminuseforratingandclassifyingthepotentialdangeroffire.TheNFDRStrackstheeffectsofpreviousweathereventsonbothdeadandlivefuelloads,andadjustsaccordinglybasedonfutureorpredictedweatherconditions.Thesecomplexrelationshipsandequationsarecomputed,andtheoutputsareexpressedintermsthatuserscanquicklyandeasilyunderstand.ThecurrentNFDRSisusedbyallfederalandmoststateagenciestoassessfiredangerconditions.100



Table28(below)depictstheUSForestService’sWildlandFireAssessmentSystem,whichisamethodofnormalizingratingclassesacrossdifferentfuelmodels,indexes,andstationlocations.Itisbasedontheprimaryfuelmodelcatalogedforthestation,andreflectscurrentstaffinglevelsandclimateconditions.101

WildlandFireAssessmentSystem

Rating BasicDescription DetailedDescription

CLASS1:LowDanger(L)COLORCODE:Green

Firesnoteasilystarted

Fuelsdonotignitereadilyfrom smallfirebrands.Firesinopenorcuredgrasslandmayburnfreelyafewhoursafterrain,butwoodfiresspreadslowlybycreepingorsmolderingandburninirregularfingers.Thereislittledangerofspotting.

CLASS2:ModerateDanger(M)COLORCODE:Blue

Firesstarteasilyandspreadatamoderaterate

Firescanstartfrommostaccidentalcauses.Firesinopencuredgrasslandwillburnbrisklyandspreadrapidlyonwindydays.Woodfiresspreadslowlytomoderatelyfast.Theaveragefireisofmoderateintensity,althoughheavyconcentrationsoffuel–especiallydrapedfuel‐mayburnhot.Short‐distancespottingmayoccur,butisnotpersistent.Firesarenotlikelytobecomeseriousandcontrolisrelativelyeasy.

CLASS3:HighDanger(H)COLORCODE:Yellow

Firesstarteasilyandspreadatarapidrate

Allfinedeadfuelsignitereadilyandfiresstarteasilyfrommostcauses.Unattendedbrushandcampfiresarelikelytoescape.Firesspreadrapidlyandshort‐distancespottingiscommon.Highintensityburningmaydeveloponslopesorinconcentrationsoffinefuel.Firesmaybecomeseriousandtheircontroldifficult,unlesstheyarehithardandfastwhilesmall.

CLASS4:VeryHighDanger(VH)COLORCODE:Orange

Firesstartveryeasilyandspreadataveryfastrate

Firesstarteasilyfromallcausesandimmediatelyafterignition,spreadrapidlyandincreasequicklyinintensity.Spotfiresareaconstantdanger.Firesburninginlightfuelsmayquicklydevelophigh‐intensitycharacteristics‐suchaslong‐distancespotting‐andfirewhirlwinds,whentheyburnintoheavierfuels.Directattackattheheadofsuchfiresisrarelypossibleaftertheyhavebeenburningmorethanafewminutes.

CLASS5:Extreme(E)COLORCODE:Red

Firesituationisexplosiveandcanresultinextensivepropertydamage

Firesunderextremeconditionsstartquickly,spreadfuriouslyandburnintensely.Allfiresarepotentiallyserious.Developmentintohigh‐intensityburningwillusuallybefasterandoccurfromsmallerfiresthanintheVeryHighDangerclass(4).Directattackisrarelypossibleandmaybedangerous,exceptimmediatelyafterignition.Firesthatdevelopheadwayinheavyslashorinconiferstandsmaybeunmanageablewhiletheextremeburningconditionlasts.Undertheseconditions,theonlyeffectiveandsafecontrolactionisontheflanks,untiltheweatherchangesorthefuelsupplylessens.

Table28



Wildfireisahazardwithasomewhatunpredictablenature.Whileitisatleastsomewhatpossibletodeterminetheareasthatmaybesubjecttoexperiencingwildfire,itisnotpossibletodetermineinadvancehoworwhereawildfirewillbegin.Onlytheconditionsforawildfirecanbepredictedwithanyaccuracy.PotentialImpactoftheWildfireHazardAsalandgrantuniversity,Auburnhassignificantholdingsofcrop,agriculture,andforestlands.Theselandsareprimecandidatesforwildfires,underthepropersetofconditions.Thelossordamageoftheselandsbywildfirewouldbedetrimentalintheshort‐term,thoughthereislikelysomelong‐termbenefittothelanditselffromfire,whichisanaturalphenomenon.Thoughthisbenefitlikelyexists,thefireitselfposesarisktoAuburnanditspeopleandassets,astheassetsandpeoplemaybedamagedorharmedbythefire.Infrastructureisalsoatrisk,asthesupplyanddeliverylinesmaybedamaged,resultinginalossoffunctionfortheutility.PastOccurrencesoftheWildfireHazardInformationobtainedfromtheAlabamaForestryCommission(AFC)confirmsthattherehavebeen13,659wildfiresintheStateofAlabamasinceJanuary1,2009.Thesefiresburnedasestimated217,651.65acresofland.Ofthese13,659wildfires,112ofthemwereinLeeCounty.Those112firesburnedanestimated1,913.45acresoflandinLeeCounty,foranaveragefiresizeof17.08acres.102TheAFChadnoadditionalinformationastoifanyofthesefiresimpactedthemaincampusofAuburnUniversity.TheAdvisoryCommitteereportedsomesmall,anecdotalincidentsofsmallwildfires,butnothingofanysizeornote,andnodamageswerereported.ProbabilityofaFutureOccurrenceoftheWildfireHazardThereisnodocumentedhistoryofthewildfirehazardimpactingAuburnUniversity.Usingthescaleprovidedatthebeginningofthissection,theprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofthehazardislow.TheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofwildfireintheStateofAlabamaasmedium/low,meaningthatthehazardeitherhaslittleprobabilityofaffectingthestate,limiteddataisavailableforanalysis,oritisdifficulttomitigatetheeffectsofthehazard;forhazardsrankedmediumorlow,theSHMPincludesaqualitativeassessmentonly.103RiskAssessmentfortheWildfireHazardWhilethereisnodocumentedhistoryofthishazardimpactingAuburnUniversity,thepossibilityremainsthatitcould,eitherdirectlyorindirectly.ItispossiblethatawildfirecouldignitearoundAuburn’scampus,andspreadtothecampusoritssupportinginfrastructure.Thiswouldpresenttheriskofnegativelyimpactingtheassets,people,infrastructure,andfunctionofthecampus,resultinginnegativeimpactstothemissionofAuburnUniversity.




Wildfire–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low Low Low Low LowTable29ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasalowriskfromthewildfirehazard;thisconclusionissupportedbyboththeavailabledataandtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,atthestatelevel.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisriskassessmentincludes:

DataregardingestimatedburnloadsintheareasaroundAuburn’scampus,and Dataregardingpreviousoccurrencesofwildfiresintheareasaroundthecampus,nomatter

howsmallorseeminglyinsignificant.WinterStormDescriptionoftheWinterStormHazardWinterstormsareuncommonintheplanningarea,buttheydohappen.Insomecases,thesewinterstormscanandhavecausedseriousdamageinareaswheretheyoccur.Winterstormscanencompassavarietyofhazardsthatcanproducelifethreateningsituationsanddamagetoproperty,asdetailedfollowing.



SnowTheNationalWeatherServicedefinessnowas“precipitationistheformoficecrystals,mainlyofintricatelybranched,hexagonalformandoftenagglomeratedintosnowflakes,formeddirectlyfromthefreezing[disposition]ofthewatervaporintheair.”104Heavysnowaccumulations,generallymorethan6”ofsnowinlessthan24hoursormorethan4”inlessthan12hours105,canimmobilizeacommunitybybringingtransportationtoahalt.Untilthesnowcanberemoved,transportationroutesareslowedorclosedcompletely,limitingorhaltingthetransportationofgoods,services,andpeople.Theseclosuresalsodisruptemergencyservices.Inaddition,accumulationsofsnowonroofscancausecollapse,andcancausetreesandpowerlinestofall.Aquickthawafterasignificantsnowfallcanleadtosubstantialflooding,particularlyinurbanareaswherethereismoreimpermeablesurface.Injuriesandfatalitiesrelatedtoheavysnowareoftenassociatedwithphysicalexertion(fromshoveling)andfromhypothermia.IceIceisthesolidformofwater,producedbyfreezingtemperatures.106TheNationalWeatherServicedefinesanicestormas“occasionswhendamagingaccumulationsoficeareexpectedduringfreezingrainsituations.Significantaccumulationsoficepulldowntreesandutilitylinesresultinginlossofpowerandcommunication.Theseaccumulationsoficemakewalkinganddrivingextremelydangerous.Significanticeaccumulationsareusuallyaccumulationsof¼"orgreater.”Theterm“icestorm”isusedtodescribeoccasionswhendamagingaccumulationsoficeareexpectedduringfreezingrainsituations.Icestormscanbethemostdamagingofwinterphenomena,andareoftenthecauseofautomobileaccidents,utilityfailures,personalinjury,anddeath.107Moreover,theysignificantlyimpactthedeliveryofemergencyservices.

LocationoftheWinterStormHazardWinterstormsareanon‐spatialhazards.Alllocationsintheplanningareaatriskfromwinterstorms.Extent/SeverityoftheWinterStormHazardSince1996,atleast13occurrencesofwinterstormshavebeenrecordedintheplanningarea.Ofthese,threeproducedsignificantsnowfall.In2002,betweenfourandseveninchesfellovertheplanningareaintwoeventsinlessthan24hours.In2009,threetofiveinchesfellinasingleevent.In2010,threetofourinchesfellinashortperiodoftimeinasingleday.108Winterstormshaveawiderangeofextentandseveritymarkersandcharacteristics.



SnowVariousintensitiesofsnowfallaredefineddifferently:

Blizzarddescribeswindsof35mphormorewithconsiderablefallingand/or

blowingsnowthatreducesvisibilitytolessthanone‐quartermileforatleastthreehours.109

Blowingsnowdescribeswind‐drivensnowthatreducessurfacevisibility.Blowingsnowmaybefallingsnowand/orsnowonthegroundthatispickedupbythewind.Blowingsnowistypicallyaccompaniedbydriftingsnow.110

Snowsqualldescribesabrief,intensesnowshoweraccompaniedbystrong,gustywinds.Accumulationfromsnowsquallscanbesignificant.111

Snowshowerdescribessnowthatfallsatvaryingintensitiesforshortdurations.Accumulationsarepossible,butnotrequired.112

Blizzardwarningsareissuedforwinterstormsthatarepredictedtomeetthedefinitionofablizzard.Blowingsnowadvisoriesareissuedwhensuchconditionsareexpected.113Snowadvisoriesareissuedwhenalowpressuresystemproducessnowthatmaycausesignificantinconveniences,butdonotmeetwarningcriteria,and–ifcautionisnotexercised–couldleadtolifethreateningsituations.Thethresholdcriteriacariesfromareatoarea.Suchanadvisorymaybeissuediftheforecasterfeelsthesituationwarrantsone,eveniftheminimumcriteriaisnotexpectedtobemet.Forexample,asnowadvisorymaybeissuedforthefirstsnowoftheseason,orifsnowhasnotfalleninsometime.114

IceIcepresentsahazardinavarietyofforms:

Icestormisanoccasionwhendamagingaccumulationsoficeduringfreezingrain

situations.Significantamountsoficetypicallydamagetreesandutilitylines,andaccumulationscanmakewalkinganddrivingexceptionallyhazardous.Significantaccumulationsaretypicallyone‐quarterinchorgreater.115

Sleetisrainthatfreezesintoicepelletsbeforeitreachestheground.Sleetusuallybounceswhenhittingasurfaceanddoesnotsticktoobjects;however,itcanaccumulatelikesnowandcauseroadsandwalkwaystobecomehazardous.116

Freezingdrizzleisadrizzlethatfallsasaliquidbutfreezesintoaglazeuponcontactwiththecoldgroundorsurfacestructures.117

Freezingrainisrainthatfallsontoasurfacethathasatemperaturebelowfreezing.Thecoldsurfacecausestheraintofreezesothesurfaces—trees,utilitywires,vehicles,androads—becomeglazedwithice.118

AnicestormwarningisissuedbytheNationalWeatherServicewhenfreezingrainproducesasignificantandpossiblydamagingaccumulationofice.Thecriteriaforthis



warningvariesfromplacetoplace,butwilltypicallybeissuedanytimemorethanone‐quarterinchoficeisexpectedtoaccumulateinagivenarea.119

Asleetwarningisissuedwhenanaccumulationofmorethanone‐halfinchofsleetisexpected.Thisisarelativelyrarescenario;mostwarningsareissuedaswinterstormwarningsforheavysleet.120

Afreezingdrizzleadvisoryorafreezingrainadvisoryisissuedwhenfreezingrainorfreezingdrizzleisforecastbutsignificantaccumulationisnotexpected.However,evensmallamountsoffreezingrainorfreezingdrizzlecancausesignificanttraveldisruptions.121

Finally,theNationalWeatherServicemayissueawinterweatheradvisorywhenalowpressuresystemproducesacombinationofwinterweather(snow,freezingrain,etc.)thatpresentahazardbutdoesnotmeetestablishedwarningcriteria.Awinterstormwatchisissuedwhenthereisapotentialforheavysnoworsignificanticeaccumulations,usuallyatleast24‐36hoursinadvance;thecriteriaforwhatdefinesawinterstormvariesfromplacetoplace.Awinterstormwarningisissuedwhenawinterstormisactivelyproducingorisforecasttoproduceheavysnoworsignificanticeaccumulations;thecriteriaforwhatdefinesawinterstormvariesfromplacetoplace.122

ImpactonLife,Property,andOperationsfromtheSevereWinterStormHazardAccordingtotheNationalSevereStormsLaboratory(NSSL),mostdeathsfromwinterstormsarenotrelatedtothestormitself.Rather,theyarerelatedtotrafficaccidents,heartattacks(fromshovelingsnow),andhypothermia(fromprolongedexposuretocold).Oftheinjuriesthatarerelatedtowinterstorms:

70%occurinautomobiles; 25%arepeoplecaughtinthestorm;and 49%aremaleandover40.123

Heavyaccumulationsoficecanbringdowntreesandtoppleutilitypolesandcommunicationtowers.Icecandisruptcommunicationsandpowerfordayswhileutilitycompaniesrepairdamage.Evensmallaccumulationsoficecanbeseverelydangeroustomotoristsandpedestrians.Bridgesandoverpassesareparticularlydangerousbecausetheyfreezebeforeothersurfaces.SeverewinterweathercanbringtheAuburncampustoastandstillbyinhibitingtransportation,knockingdowntreesandutilitylines,andmakingwalkwaystreacherousorimpassable.Ingressandegresstothecampusmaybeimpacted,resultinginstudentsandemployeesbeingunabletogettoorleavethecampus.Animalsmaybeendangeredifstaffcannotreachthem,forfeedingormedicalcare.



Inadditiontothethreatposedtohumans,severewinterstormsposeasignificantthreattoutilityproduction,whichinturnthreatensfacilitiesandoperationsthatrelyonutilities,specificallyclimatestabilization.Astemperaturedropandstaylow,increaseddemandforheatingplacesastrainontheelectricalgrid,whichcanleadtotemporaryoutages.OccurrencesoftheWinterStormHazardTheNCDChasrecordedatotalof11winterweathereventsinLeeCountysince1996.Ofthese,threewerewinterstorms,twowerewinterweather,fourwereheavysnow,andtwowereicestorms.124Thisaveragestooneoccurrenceofthehazardapproximatelyeveryotheryear.Becauseofthewidespreadnatureofwinterstorms,itcanbeassumedthateachofthesewinterstormeventsimpactedtheAuburncampusinatleastsomeway.TheSHMPprovidesdescriptionsofnotableoccurrencesofthewinterstormhazard,including:

InMarch2009,astormsystembeganwiththunderstormsandendedwithheavysnowincentralAlabama.Theheaviestsnow,anestimated3‐5inches,fellinaswathfromTuscaloosatoAuburn.Thundersnow,whichisasnowstorminwhichthunderandlightningalsooccur,125wasreportedinseveraleasterncounties,includingLeeCounty.Themajorityofthesnowmeltedquickly,leavingnolastingimpacts.

AnicestormoccurredinJanuary2011resultedinsnowfallof4‐7inchesofsnowacrossnortherncentralAlabama.Iceandsleetwerereportedfurthersouth,withaccumulationsof1‐3inchesinthearea.Precipitationwasheavyattimes,withestimatedratesofoveroneinchperhour.TheaccumulationresultedinhazardoustravelconditionsthroughoutcentralAlabama,includingLeeCounty.126

ProbabilityofFutureOccurrencesoftheWinterStormHazardBasedonhistoricoccurrencesrecordedbytheNCDC,winterweatheroccurseveryotheryearintheplanningarea.Usingthescaleprovidedatthebeginningofthissection,thisequalsamoderateprobabilityofafutureoccurrence.TheSHMPratestheprobabilityofafutureoccurrenceofwinterweatherintheStateofAlabamaashigh/medium,meaningthatthehazardeitherhaslittleprobabilityofaffectedthestate,limiteddataisavailableforanalysis,oritisdifficulttomitigatetheeffectsofthehazard;forhazardsrankedmediumorlow,theSHMPincludesaqualitativeassessmentonly.127RiskAssessmentfortheWinterStormHazardWinterstormshaveimpactedtheAuburnUniversitycampus,andwilldosoagaininthefuture.TheAdvisoryCommitteeexpressedparticularconcernsregardingsnowandiceaccumulation,damagedorfallentrees,andingress/egresstothecampus.Theyreportedthatcampusclosings,whicharefairlyrare,arecoordinatedwiththeCityofAuburnandtheschooldistrict,andthattheresidencehallshaveapproximatelyafourdaysupplyofessentialprovisionsonsite.




WinterStorm–QualitativeRiskAssessmentPeople/LifeSafetyImpact




AverageRiskRanking

Low Low Low‐Moderate Moderate Low‐ModerateTable30ThedetailsofthisassessmentcanbefoundinAppendixD,TabularData.Perhapsthelargestconcernduringwinterstormeventsisforelectricalinfrastructure.Auburnindependentonexternalprovidersforservice,andmanyofthelinesthatprovidethisserviceareaboveground,andthereforeexposedtowinterstorms.Ofthemorethan400totalbuildingsontheAuburnUniversitymaincampus,132haveemergencypowergeneratorsorhookups.128Thisleavesmorethan250assetswithoutaccesstoemergencypowerintheeventofafailure.Treesonthecampusandalongingress/egressroutestothecampusareanotherconcerninwinterstormevents.Iceaccumulationinthetreescanresultinfallenlimbsandbranches;insomesituations,icecantoppletheentiretree,causingittofallintoroadwaysandontobuildings.Blockedingress/egressroutescanbeproblematicforthemovementofpeopleandemergencyservicesto,from,andonthecampus.Whenitcomestowinterweather,anotherprimaryconcernfortheUniversityarethoselivinginresidencehallswhomaybeunabletoleavethecampusintheeventofsignificantaccumulationsorroadclosures.Auburnhas32residentialhallsandonehotelonthecampus(seeFigure22).



Figure22Asofthe2015‐2016academicyear,thereare4,755peopleresidinginthese32residencehalls.Eachofthesepeopleisvulnerabletoawinterstormevent.Thisisespeciallytrueintheeventofaninterruptioninutilityservice,suchasafailureofelectricalservice.11oftheseresidencehallshaveemergencypowergenerators,intheeventofafailureofelectricalpower:

1. AubieResidenceHall2. BoydResidenceHall(DormJ)3. BoydResidenceHall(DormK)4. EagleResidenceHall5. LeischuckResidenceHall(DormL)6. MagnoliaResidenceHall7. OakResidenceHall8. PlainsmanResidenceHall9. SouthDonahueResidentialHall10. TigerResidenceHall11. WillowResidenceHall129

Whilethosepeoplelivingintheresidencehallswithemergencypowergeneratorswouldcontinuetohaveelectricalpowerintheeventofafailurefromwinterweather,themajorityofthe4,755



peoplelivinginresidencehallsontheAuburncampuswouldnothaveaccesstothisemergencypower.RiskAssessmentConclusionsAuburnUniversityhasamoderateriskfromthewinterstormhazard;thisconclusionissupportedbyboththeavailabledataandtheassessmentoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Mitigationprojectsshouldaddressthisrisk,andprojectsshouldbeimplementedtoaddressthesevulnerabilities.Thisriskassessmentislimitedbyalackofaccessibledataspecifictotheplanningarea.Atthispointintime,themostcompletedataavailableisatthecountylevel,whichincludestheAuburncampusbutalsoincludesallotherareaswithinthecounty,atthestatelevel.Datathatcouldbecollectedtoimprovethisriskassessmentincludes:

Prioritylistingofassetstoreceiveemergencypowergeneratorsorconnections.RiskAssessmentSummaryTable31(belowandfollowing)providesasummationoftherankingscompletedbytheAdvisoryCommitteeforallhazardsincludedinthisPlan.

RiskAssessmentRanking,byHazard

HazardRisktoPeople

RisktoAssets


RisktotheMissionof

theUniversity

AverageRiskRanking


2.18Moderate

1.00Low

1.32Low

2.06Moderate

1.64Low‐Moderate

Drought 1.00Low

1.21Low

1.32Low

1.28Low

1.20Low

Earthquake1.13Low

1.38Low

1.38Low

1.47Low

1.34Low

Extremetemperature

1.26Low

1.25Low

1.28Low

1.50Low‐

Moderate

1.32Low

Flood1.50Low‐

Moderate

1.88Low‐

Moderate

1.72Low‐Moderate

1.85Low‐

Moderate

1.74Low‐Moderate



RiskAssessmentRanking,byHazard

Hazard RisktoPeople

RisktoAssets


RisktotheMissionof

theUniversity

AverageRiskRanking

Hail1.24Low

1.31Low

1.23Low

1.24Low

1.25Low

Highwind1.82Low‐

Moderate

2.19Moderate

2.00Moderate

2.21Moderate

2.05Moderate

Lightning 1.47Low

1.38Low

1.47Low

1.28Low

1.40Low

Severethunderstorm

1.25Low

1.46Low

1.30Low

1.34Low

1.34Low

Sinkhole/landsubsidence

1.00Low

1.20Low

1.20Low

1.31Low

1.18Low

Tornado 2.09Moderate

2.41Moderate

2.31Moderate

2.38Moderate

2.30Moderate

Wildfire1.03Low

1.22Low

1.22Low

1.37Low

1.21Low

Winterstorm 1.21Low

1.47Low

1.63Low‐Moderate

2.00Moderate

1.57Low‐Moderate

Table31

4.3 BusinessImpactAnalysisAbusinessimpactanalysis(BIA)identifiesoperationalandfinancialimpactsthatmayresultfromthedisruptionofbusinessfunctionsandprocesses.Impactsthataretypicallyconsideredinclude:

Lostordelayedincome; Increasedexpenses; Regulatoryfines; Contractualpenalties; Customerdissatisfaction;or Delayofnewbusinessplanimplementation.



BIAsaretypicallyconductedusingpotentiallossscenarios;thesescenariosoftenincludetheinterruptionofbusinessthroughthefailureofsuppliergoodsorservices,ordelayeddeliveries,andincludethetiminganddurationofthedisruption.Datafortheanalysisiscollectedthroughtheuseofinterviewsandquestionnaires,conductedwiththoseknowledgeableofthebusiness.Theyareaskedtoidentifypotentialimpacts,criticalstaffingandequipment,andotherpertinentdetailstoanalyzethepotentialimpacttothefunctionofthebusiness.Thisdataiscollectedandanalyzed,andasummaryreportisproduced.Thisreportmaybeusedinavarietyofotherdocuments,includingBusinessContinuityPlans,RecoveryPlans,andotherapplicablemechanisms.130AspartoftheHIRAforthisPlan,abaselineBIAwasconducted.Eightinternaldepartmentsandtwoexternalpartnerswerechosenforinterviewsanddatacollection;knowledgeablepeoplewereaskedtoprovidespecificinformationandinsightastothenecessaryresourcesrequiredtomaintainfunctionaloperationsforthedepartment,intheeventofadisruptingevent.Thetablebelowandfollowing(Table32)providesthedepartmentsincludedinthisBIA,thedateoftheinterviews,andotherrelevantdetails.

AuburnUniversityBusinessImpactAnalysisInterviewsDepartment DateofInterview PersonInterviewed Title

AlumniAffairs November11,2014 DwayneBrownAssistantVicePresident

Athletics October28,2015 JeffSteeleAssociateAthleticDirector,Facilities

CollegeofAgriculture October20,2015 RobertHensarlingDirector,AgLand&ResourceManagement

CollegeofVeterinaryMedicine

November05,2015 JoeLewisFacilitiesProgramManagerII

JuleCollinsSmithMuseumofFineArt

October27,2015MarilynLauferAndyTennant

DirectorAssistantDirector

OfficeofCommunicationsandMarketing

November06,2015 MikeClardyDirector,UniversityCommunicationsServices

OfficeofInformationTechnology

November10,2015 JohnHelmsDirector,InformationTechnology

UniversityHousing&ResidenceLife

November25,2015 Dr.KevinHoultDirector,UniversityHousing&ResidentialLife

AuburnFireDivision October20,2015 MattJordan BattalionChief




MedicalClinic November03,2015 Dr.FredKamMedicalDirector,EastAlabamaMedicalCenter

Table32Thisanalysisprovidesabaseline,onwhichAuburnUniversitycanbuildfuturebusinesscontinuityandcontinuityofoperationsplanningefforts.Inaddition,thisanalysisprovidedinsighttotheAdvisoryCommitteeindevelopingthemitigationstrategyforthishazardmitigationplan.Asummaryoftheinterviewanddataprovidedbyeachdepartment/agency,asitrelatestothishazardmitigationplan,isincludedinthissection.FulldetailsoftheinformationcollectedcanbefoundinAppendixE,BusinessImpactAnalysisDocuments.AlumniAffairsAlumniAffairsisresponsibleforconnectingwithalumni,promotingUniversityeventsandfundraisersannually,andthepublicationofAuburnMonthly.AlumniAffairseventsgenerateanaverageof$10Mannually;thecurrentcampaigngoalis$9.83M.Intheeventofashort‐terminterruption,thisdepartmentwouldnotbesignificantlyimpacted.Allday‐to‐dayfunctionscanbedoneremotely,andarenottiedtoaparticularofficeorbuilding.Eventswouldbeadifferentmatter,andmaybenegativelyimpacted,aslarge‐scalefunctionsaretypicallyheldattheAlumniCenter.Thisdepartmenthasidentifiedthefollowingresourcesascritical:

sevenstaffmembers(of24FTand3PT) 38computers/laptops,withattachedservers(mostareleased) donorandfinancialrecords(hardcopiesbeingconvertedtoelectronic) varioussmallpiecesofequipment,includingcellphones couriervan/golfcart(transportation)

ItisestimatedthatthedepartmentcouldbeinoperableforuptotwodaysbeforethelossofoperationswouldbegintoimpactotherUniversityoperations.Othernotes:

therewouldbeasubstantialfundraisingimpacttotheUniversityifthisdepartmentwasinoperableforanextendedperiodoftime,particularlyifthemagazinecouldnotbeproduced;and



theAlumniCentercouldtheusedasashelter;ithasadefibrillator,twoshows,roomfor200cots,tenrestrooms,andalargeparkinglot(1.6acres),buthasnoemergencypowergeneratoratthistime.

AthleticsTheAthleticsDepartmentprovidescompetitionfortheUniversityandrepresentsstudentathleteswiththeNCAA/SEC.Alargenumberofstudentsparticipateinuniversityathletics;thedepartmentservesasthe‘frontporch’oftheUniversity’spublicimage.ThedepartmentgeneratesasignificantamountofincomefortheUniversity(amountunspecified);withoutthisincome,operationswouldbeimpactedUniversity‐wide.Thedepartmenthasitsownbusinessoffice,anditsownacademicunity.Thedepartmentisresponsiblefor15Universitybuildings,andaresidencehalldesignatedforapproximately200studentathletesand200employees.SomeAthleticsbuildingsareusedbyexternalgroupsforspecificfunctions,andmostfacilitiesadmitthepublicatspecifictimes,suchastoJordan‐HareStadiumduringhomefootballgames.InterruptionsthatwouldresultinthelossofuseofAthleticsfacilitieswouldhavesignificantimpactsontheoperationofthedepartment,asmostofthesefacilitiesarehighlyspecializedforparticularuse.Whilethereareothersimilartypesoffacilitiesavailable,theywouldallrequirenegotiateduseandtransportation.Inaddition,themovementofsportingeventswouldresultinadditionlossofrevenuethroughthelossofconcessionsales;therewouldbelargercommunityimpactsthroughthelossofvisitorrevenues,suchashotelsandrestaurants.Thisdepartmenthasidentifiedthefollowingsystemsascritical:

Business/finance,includingstudentathletescholarshipprocessingandmanagement; Housinganddiningprograms; Specializedequipmentanduniforms;and NCAA/SECcompliancereporting.

CollegeofAgricultureTheCollegeofAgricultureprovidesacademicsandresearchonly;itdoesnotgenerateincomefortheUniversity.Thecollegeisnotmission‐criticalfortheUniversity;however,ithascriticalelements.Intheeventofashort‐terminterruption(lessthan72hours),thisdepartmentwouldnotbeimmediatelysignificantlyimpacted.Allday‐to‐dayacademicfunctionscanbedoneremotely,andarenottiedtoaparticularofficeorbuilding.Animalcarewouldhavetobedoneonsite,asitisnotpracticaltomovetheanimals,generallyspeaking.



Alonger‐terminterruptionwouldhavemoresignificantimpacts.Animalsmustbecaredfor;intheeventofalongdisruption,someanimalsmayrequireeuthanasiaanddisposal.Federalgrantsmayalsobeatriskfromlong‐terminterruptions,ifresearchweredisruptedforalongperiod,orgrantapplicationscouldnotbefiled,ordatawerelost.Long‐termdisruptionscouldresultinthelossofgrantfunding,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactonboththecollegeandtheUniversityasawhole.Thiscollegehasidentifiedthefollowingresourcesascritical:

computers(backeduptoUniversityservers); smallequipment,includingcellphones; researchdata; refrigerationforcriticalspecimens/data; researchanimals;and heating/cooling(greenhouses,indoorfishery,aquatics,etc.)

ItisestimatedthatthecollegecouldbeinoperableforuptothreedaysbeforethelossofoperationswouldbegintoimpactotherUniversityoperations.Othernotes:

thelossofpotentialgrantfunding,ortheinterruptionofgrantfunding,isasignificantconcernforthedepartment;

thelossofresearchdata,includinganimalsandspecimens,wouldbepotentiallydevastatingtothecollege,andbyextensiontotheUniversity;and

thecollegehaslimitedexperiencewithdealingwithlong‐termlossesorinterruptionsinoperations.

CollegeofVeterinaryMedicineTheCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineisalargeandsmallanimalhospital,comprisedof41buildingsonthemaincampus.Includingbarnsandsheds,thecollegehasatotalof76assets,includingbirdcenters,K‐9trainingcenter,labs,animalisolationareas,andateachinghospital.Thecollegehassignificantholdingsinequipment,mostofwhichishighlyspecializedforveterinarycare.Thecollegegeneratesincomethroughthecollectionoffeesfortreatmentofanimals.Intheeventofashutdown,thelossofincomewouldhaveramificationsforboththecollegeandtheUniversity(specificamountswerenotavailable).Alonger‐terminterruptionwouldhavemoresignificantimpacts.Animalsmustbecaredfor;intheeventofalongdisruption,someanimalsmayrequireeuthanasiaanddisposal.Federalgrantsmayalsobeatriskfromlong‐terminterruptions,ifresearchweredisruptedforalongperiod.Long‐



termdisruptionscouldresultinthelossofgrantfunding,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactonboththecollegeandtheUniversityasawhole.Animalsinisolationcannotbemovedtootherlocations.Othernotes:

thelossofpotentialgrantfunding,ortheinterruptionofgrantfunding,isaconcernforthedepartment;

thelossofresearchdata,includinganimalsandspecimens,wouldbepotentiallydevastatingtothecollege,andbyextensiontotheUniversity;

mostbuildingsinthecollegehavegenerators;and manyfilesarepaperfiles,andhavenotbeentransferredtoelectronicfiles.

JuleCollinsSmithMuseumofFineArtThemuseumhousestheUniversity’sartcollection,hostsseveralexhibitseachyearofartonloantotheUniversity,andprovideseducationalprogramstostudentsandthepublic.Themuseumischargedwiththecareandsafekeepingofapproximately2,000objectsownedbytheStateofAlabamaandtheUniversity.Themuseumisnotmission‐criticaltotheUniversity.However,ifthemuseumwereunabletooperateforanextendedperiodoftime,therewouldbefinancialimpactstoboththemuseumandtotheUniversityasawhole.DonationstothemuseumandtheUniversitycouldbeimpacted;themuseumreceives$50‐60Mindonationsfromindividuals.Inaddition,themuseumgeneratesapproximately$100,000annuallyfortheUniversityinrentals,usuallyforweddingsandotherevents.Inaddition,themuseumhasacaféwhichalsoprovidesrevenue.Themuseumbuildingiscriticaltotheoperationofthemuseum,asitprovidesclimatecontrolledprotectionfortheartithouses.Anydamagestothebuilding,ortothebuilding’sclimatesystem,wouldrequireimmediatemediationorrepairtopreventdamagetooflossofart.Anyartthatwasdamaged,fromanycause,wouldrequireprofessionalrestoration.Anyundamagedartwouldhavetobemovedtoanalternatelocation,onethatwouldrequirethesameclimatecontrolsasthemuseum.Thisdepartmenthasidentifiedthefollowingresourcesascritical:

fivestaffmembers storage/recoveryspace communicationequipment dataoncomputersandservers(allelectronic,andbackedup),includingartrecords smallequipment,includingcellphones



Othernotes:

themuseum’scomputersareallleased,andthemuseumhasexcellentrecordsoftheequipmenttheyhave;

intheeventthatartmustbemoved,itcanonlybemovedbytrainedstaff,asitrequiresspecialhandling,whichmeansitcannotbemovedquickly;and

themuseumhastheirownsecureserver,withacloudbackup.OfficeofCommunicationsandMarketingTheofficeisresponsiblefortheintegrity,implementation,andmanagementoftheAuburnUniversitybrand.TheofficesupportstheUniversity’smissionandstrategicgoals,andiscommittedtocreativelyaligningfunctionstoprovideadditionalresourcesforcollegesandschools,withanover‐archinggoalofestablishingacentral,full‐service,in‐house,professionalagencyresourcesmodelandintegrated,unifiedmessaging.TheofficedoesnotgenerateincomefortheUniversity;itisaservicedepartment.TheofficeistheofficialvoiceoftheUniversity,andprovidesallexternalcommunicationsonbehalfoftheUniversity,includingtheofficialwebsite.TheofficeoperatescurrentlyoutofSamfordHall,butcouldeasilyrelocatetoalmostanyotherfacilitythathadelectricityandinternetaccess.Contingencyplanscallfortheoffice’srelocationtoahotelconferencecenter;operationscanalsobehandledremotelyifthestaffisseparated,suchasfromeachstaffmember’shome.Intheeventofalossofoperations,theUniversitywouldfeeltheimpactalmostimmediately.Thelossofcommunicationswouldhinderresponseandrecoveryoperations,aswouldanylimitationsontheoffice’sabilitytoprovidecommunicationsservices.Thisdepartmenthasidentifiedthefollowingresourcesascritical:

27staffmembers(creativegroup,mediarelations,andnews) computerswithwificonnectionsandreliablepower smallequipment,specificallycellphones

Othernotes:

theoffice’scomputersareallleased,andtheofficehasexcellentrecordsoftheequipmenttheyhave;

relocationofoperationswouldberelativelyeasy,atleastforshort‐termdisruptions;and operationsarecriticalonadailybasis,withspecialimportantplacedduringlargeevents,

suchasgraduation.



OfficeofInformationTechnologyOITprovidescriticalservicesfortheUniversityasawhole,specifically:

computinginfrastructureandresourcesinsupportofenterpriseresourceplanningsystems(financial,HR,studentsystems,etc.)

learningmanagementsystem email webdevelopment softwareproducts computerleases datanetworks(internet,wireless) telecommunicationsinfrastructure,includingphones,cellphones,cabletv,andaudio/video

solutions(classroom/teachingtechnology) computinglabs identityandaccountmanagement informationsecurity virusprotection testscoring computerbackup printservices

TheofficedoesnotgenerateincomefortheUniversity;itisaservicedepartment.WithoutOITinoperation,theUniversitywouldbeunabletofunction.Thisdepartmenthasidentifiedthefollowingresourcesascritical:

Criticalstaff:o 2desktopsupportITspecialistso 6securityITspecialistso 1identitymanagementstaffo 4financialspecialistso 3telephoneITspecialistso 7datanetworkITspecialistso 6sysadminITspecialists(ERPsystems)o 5computerlapsupportITspecialistso 7systemssupportITspecialistso 6virtualization&storageITspecialistso 5audio/videoITspecialistso 3ITprojectmanagers

Datacenterequipment(racks,servers,UPS)



Computers,desks,chairs High‐speednetworkconnectivity Remotesupportsoftwareandphones Sparehardware,servers,appliances,cabling,backup(software,configfiles,etc.),UPS,

internetconnectivity,disasterrecoveryplansforeachcriticalserviceandserver IDMOffice–IDCards,Yubikeys,camerasystem,cardprinters AccesstoAUshareddrives,includingaccesstobillingtoensurerevenueflow Telephonesetsandwiringsupplies Fiberandassociatedpartsandmaterials Networkelectronicsandotherrelatednetworkhardware Emergencypowergenerators Accessto:

o SharePointo ActiveDirectoryo AUNetworko AUFiberChannelo VMWareHostclustero PHDBackupsofkeyserverso AUVPN

DNS ActiveDirectory ServerinfrastructureorDRSfacilitytoruninstanceofvirtualenvironment

Othernotes:

ThelossofOITwouldalsomeanthelossofTouchnet,acreditcardpaymentgatewaysystem.ThelossofTouchnetwouldmeanthattheUniversitycouldnotprocesscreditcardpayments,includingadmissionsandregistrationfees,tuitionpayments,andfundraisingefforts;

ThelossofOITwouldalsomeantheUniversitywouldhavelimitedornocapacitytocommunicatewithstudentsoremployees,bothonandoffcampus;and

ConnectivityisthekeytoOIT’sabilitytooperate.UniversityHousing&ResidenceLifeUHRLisresponsibleforthefiscally‐soundoperationof32on‐campusresidencehalls,providinghousingtoapproximately4,800undergraduatestudents.UHRLandtheircampuspartnersensurethatthefacilitiesareclean,well‐maintained,secure,andhaveaccesstotechnology,thatresidentsaresafe,secure,andfed,thatdevelopmentalneedsaremet,andthatthestudent’sacademicfocusissupported.Theseactivitiesoccuryear‐round,asresidencehallsareinoperationforathleticcamps,academicprograms,andnewstudentorientationsduringthesummermonths.



Unlikeotherdepartments,UHRL’smostcriticalactivitiesdonottakeplaceatitsoffice;rather,criticallocationsforUHRLandthe32residencehallsoperatedbythedepartment.Alladministrativeactivitiescouldreasonablytakeplaceatalternatelocations,withrelativeease.Thelossofaresidencehall,ormultipleresidencehalls,woulddisplaceresidents,whichwouldrequirealternatehousingarrangements,eithershortorlong‐term.Ifaninterruptionoccurredduringthesummermonths,UHRLwouldsufferalossofrevenue,fromthelossofabilitytoprovidenightlylodgingforfees.ThiswouldhaveatleastsomeimplicationsfortheUniversityasawhole.Thisdepartmenthasidentifiedthefollowingresourcesascritical:

sevenstaffmembers(ofnineFT) cellphonesandlandlines computersandprinters internetaccess cleaningsupplies critical/essentialdata:

o floorplanso rosterso studentemergencycontactinformationo budgetinformationo remoteaccesstoUniversitysystemso STG/CBordHousingManagementSystemo StudentConductrecords

Othernotes:

ifADA‐complianthousingisdamaged,theplacementofstudentscouldbemoreproblematic;and

keycardaccesstoresidencehallscanbecontrolledfromoff‐site.However,intheeventofapowerfailurethereiscurrentlynobackuppowersourcetothebuilding,andtheswipecardaccesswouldnotwork.Thebatterysystemontheexteriordoorcardreaderonlylastsfor5minutes.

AuburnFireDivisionTheCityofAuburn’sFireDivisionprovidesemergencyfireresponseandfirstresponsemedicalservicestothemaincampusofAuburnUniversity.TheFireDivisionworkswiththeUniversity’sRiskManagementandPublicSafetyDepartmentstoensurefireandmedicalemergenciesarehandledappropriately.TheFireChiefisincludedinthedecision‐makingprocessinmanycampusevents,fromlargepubliceventstoinfrastructure,thoughtheprimaryroleisresponse.



Intheeventofasignificantresponseevent,theFireDivisionwouldinvokeexistingmutualaidagreements.Thisagencyhasidentifiedthefollowingresourcesascritical:

Dailyoperatingstaffof21‐30 Responsevehicles:

o 6apparatustruckso 2laddertruckso 4pumpertruckso 1commandvehicleo 4‐6staffvehicles

Othernotes:

TheFireDivisionworkswiththeUniversitytocompleterequiredCleryActreporting; TheFireDivisiondoesnothaveanyUniversity‐ownedequipment;and AllDivisiondataisbackeduponCityofAuburnservers,andstoredinasecurelocation.

MedicalClinicTheClinicisanoutsideentity–partoftheLeeCountyHospital–thathasacontractualagreementwiththeUniversitytoprovidemedicalclinicservices,includingcounseling,medicaltreatment,chiropracticservices,pharmaceuticalservices,women’shealthservices,andmassagetherapyservices.TheCliniciscloselyconnectedtoandintegratedwiththeUniversity;theClinicactsasadepartmentoftheUniversity.Intheeventofasignificantevent,theClinicwouldrelyupontheUniversitytoprovideanalternatelocationforoperations.Allfinancialandpatientrecordsarestoredonhospitalservers.Thisagencyhasidentifiedthefollowingresourcesascritical:

o 10clinicianso 2‐3physicianso Sportsstaffo Trainer

Othernotes:

TheClinic’scurrentlocationhasemergencypower;



Lossofequipmentisapotentialproblemforrecovery,includingvaccinesandspecializedequipment;and

Thehospitalhasamedicaltrailerwhichcouldbedeployedifthesituationwarrantedsuch.Endnotes

1NationalClimaticDataCenter.StormEventsDatabase,1950‐2015.Retrieved11.17.15fromhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/choosedates.jsp?statefips=1%2CALABAMA2FederalEmergencyManagementAgency.DisasterDeclarations‐Alabama.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.fema.gov/disasters?field_state_tid_selective=28&field_disaster_type_term_tid=All&field_disaster_declaration_type_value=All&items_per_page=203AlabamaEmergencyManagementAgency.AlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlan.2013.Retrieved10.01.15fromhttp://ema.alabama.gov/filelibrary/AL%20Standard%20State%20Mitigation%20Plan.pdf4Dantic,Dennis.FoundationsofPublicHealth.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.peoi.org/Courses/Coursesen/phfoundation/contents/frame3.html5CoastalCarolineResearchCenter.Pandemic–WhatisaPandemic?Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://coastalcarolinaresearch.com/?p=6756USCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.cdc.gov/media/pdf/MitigationSlides.pdf7Nossiter,Adam.TheFree‐LanceStar.‘Auburncancelsclassesaftermeaslesoutbreak.’May17,1989.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttps://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1298&dat=19890517&id=IOVLAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NYsDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5235,3438952&hl=en8TheWarEagleReader.PhotosoftheMassVaccinationsOrderedDuringtheGreatAuburnMeaslesOutbreakof1989.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.thewareaglereader.com/2013/05/photos‐of‐the‐mass‐vaccinations‐ordered‐during‐the‐great‐auburn‐measles‐outbreak‐of‐1989/9AuburnUniversity,DepartmentofPublicSafety&Security.H1N1Influenza(Flu;SwineFlu).Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.auburn.edu/administration/public_safety/emergency/flu.html10AlabamaDepartmentofPublicHealth.CountyHealthProfiles2009.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.adph.org/healthstats/index.asp?id=157311AlabamaDepartmentofPublicHealth.CountyHealthProfiles2010.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.adph.org/healthstats/index.asp?id=157312AlabamaDepartmentofPublicHealth.CountyHealthProfiles2011.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.adph.org/healthstats/index.asp?id=157313AlabamaDepartmentofPublicHealth.CountyHealthProfiles2012.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.adph.org/healthstats/index.asp?id=157314AlabamaDepartmentofPublicHealth.CountyHealthProfiles2013.Retrieved01.21.16fromhttp://www.adph.org/healthstats/index.asp?id=157315SanDiegoStateUniversity.ThreeIssuesofSustainableManagementintheOjosNegrosValley,BajaCalifornia,Mexico.Retrieved01.22.16fromhttp://threeissues.sdsu.edu/three_issues_droughtfacts01.html16NationalDroughtMitigationCenter.TypesofDrought.Retrieved01.22.16fromhttp://drought.unl.edu/DroughtBasics/TypesofDrought.aspx17UnitedStatesDroughtMonitor.USDroughtMonitorClassificationScheme.Retrieved01.22.16fromhttp://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/aboutus/classificationscheme.aspx18UnitedStatesDroughtMonitor.USDroughtMonitor–Alabama.Retrieved01.22.16fromhttp://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?AL19TheEncyclopediaofEarth.TheDustBowl.Retrieved01.22.16fromhttp://www.eoearth.org/view/article/151818/



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92StormPredictionCenter.EnhancedFScaleforTornadoDamage.Retrieved01.25.16fromhttp://www.spc.noaa.gov/faq/tornado/ef‐scale.html93NationalClimaticDataCenter.StormEventsDatabase,1950‐2015.Retrieved11.17.15fromhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/choosedates.jsp?statefips=1%2CALABAMA94StormPredictionCenter.SPCStormReportsfor04/04/11.Retrieved01.25.16fromhttp://www.spc.noaa.gov/climo/reports/110404_rpts.html95AuburnUniversity.PropertyDamageNaturalEventsClaimReport042815.Print.96AlabamaEmergencyManagementAgency.AlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlan.2013.Retrieved10.01.15fromhttp://ema.alabama.gov/filelibrary/AL%20Standard%20State%20Mitigation%20Plan.pdf97OxfordDictionary.Fire.Retrieved01.26.165fromhttp://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/fire98NationalGeographic.Wildfires.Retrieved01.26.15fromhttp://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural‐disasters/wildfires/99AlabamaForestryCommission.WildfireInformationbyDateRange.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://www.forestry.alabama.gov/fire_totals_date_range.aspx?bv=1&s=4&p=t100NationalWildfireCoordinatingGroup.GaininganUnderstandingoftheNationalFireDangerRatingSystem.2002.Print.101USForestService.WildlandFireAssessmentSystem.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://www.wfas.net/index.php/fire‐danger‐rating‐fire‐potential‐‐danger‐32/class‐rating‐fire‐potential‐danger‐51?task=view102AlabamaForestryCommission.WildfireInformationbyDateRange.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://www.forestry.alabama.gov/fire_totals_date_range.aspx?bv=1&s=4&p=t103AlabamaEmergencyManagementAgency.AlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlan.2013.Retrieved10.01.15fromhttp://ema.alabama.gov/filelibrary/AL%20Standard%20State%20Mitigation%20Plan.pdf104NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16from:http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=s105NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16from:http://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=h106Dictionary.com.“Ice.”Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ice107NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=i108 NationalClimaticDataCenter.StormEventsDatabase,1950‐2015.Retrieved05.06.16fromhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/stormevents/listevents.jsp?eventType=%28Z%29+Avalanche&eventType=%28Z%29+Blizzard&eventType=%28Z%29+Frost%2FFreeze&eventType=%28Z%29+Heavy+Snow&eventType=%28Z%29+Ice+Storm&eventType=%28Z%29+Sleet&eventType=%28Z%29+Winter+Storm&eventType=%28Z%29+Winter+Weather&beginDate_mm=01&beginDate_dd=01&beginDate_yyyy=1950&endDate_mm=12&endDate_dd=31&endDate_yyyy=2015&county=LEE%3A81&hailfilter=0.00&tornfilter=0&windfilter=000&sort=DT&submitbutton=Search&statefips=1%2CALABAMA 109NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=b110NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=b111NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=s112NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=s113NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=b114NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=s115NationalWeatherService.Glossary.Retrieved01.26.16fromhttp://w1.weather.gov/glossary/index.php?letter=i



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AuburnUniversitySection05:CapabilityAssessment&FutureDevelopment


Section05CapabilityAssessment&FutureDevelopment


5.1 OverviewandPurposeofCapabilityAssessment5.2 FederalandStateRegulations,PlansandFundingSources5.3 Assessment5.4 FutureDevelopmentandConditions

5.1OverviewandPurposeofCapabilityAssessmentAcapabilityassessmentaddscontexttoamitigationplanbyprovidinganinventoryofaUniversity’sprogramsandpolicies,andananalysisofitscapacitytocarrythemout.Theseareessentialfordevelopingreasonable,implementablemitigationstrategiesandactions.ThecapabilityassessmentisareviewofAuburnUniversity’sresourcesinordertoidentify,review,andanalyzewhattheUniversityiscurrentlydoingtoreducelosses,andtoidentifytheframeworkthatisinplacefortheimplementationofnewmitigationactivities.Thislocalcapabilityisimportant,becausemanyofthemostcriticalandeffectivehazardmitigationstrategiesandprogramsrequireastronglocalroletoachieveeffectiveimplementation.

5.2 FederalandStateRegulations,Plans,andFundingSourcesInventoryofRegulations,PlansandFundingSourcesThissection,includingTable1(following),providessummaryinformationregardingselectedfederalandstateregulations,plans,andsourcesoffundingthatarerelevanttomitigationprojectsandactivities.



SummaryofSelectedState&FederalRegulations,Plans,&FundingSources

TitleProgramType

AdministeredBy

EligibleRecipientCounty Municipality University

FEMAPublicAssistance(PA)Program

Funding(Federal)

AlabamaEmergencyManagementAgency

X XX

(asStateAgency)

FEMAHazardMitigationAssistance:HazardMitigationAssistanceGrantProgram(HMGP)

Funding(Federal)


X XX

(asStateAgency)

FEMAHazardMitigationAssistance:Pre‐DisasterMitigation(PDM)

Funding(Federal)


X XX

(asStateAgency)

FEMA/NFIPHazardMitigationAssistance:FloodMitigationAssistance(FMA)

Funding(Federal)


X XX

(asStateAgency)

HousingandUrbanDevelopmentCommunityDevelopmentBlockGrants(CDBG)

Funding(Federal)

AlabamaDepartmentofEconomicandCommunityAffairs

X XX

(asStateAgency)

HousingandUrbanDevelopmentCommunityDevelopmentBlockGrant–DisasterRecovery(CDBG‐DR)

Funding(Federal)

AlabamaDepartmentofEconomicandCommunityAffairs

X XX

(asStateAgency)

Table1Formanyfederalgrants,thenon‐federalsharecanbebornebythestateastheRecipient,therecipientcommunityasSub‐recipientorinsomecases,theindividualorentitywhomostbenefitsfromtheproject.



ImplicationsofAEMACapabilitiesonLocalHazardMitigationEffortsStatecapabilitiesforhazardmitigationhaveanimpactontheefficacyoflocalplanningandimplementation.InaccordancewiththeStateofAlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlan(SHMP),thefocusofAlabama’sstatewidehazardmitigationeffortiscenteredwithAEMA.TheStateHazardMitigationTeam(SHMT)isledbyAEMA,andiscomprisedofrepresentativesfromavarietyofstateagencies.Table2(belowandfollowing)liststheparticipatingagenciesandtheirresponsibilities,asapplicabletohazardmitigationandidentifiedintheSHMP.1

SHMTMembershipandResponsibilitiesAgency HazardMitigationResponsibilities

OfficeoftheGovernor

ByissuingExecutiveOrderNo.19,theGovernorinitiateddevelopmentoftheStateHazardMitigationTeam,designatedmembersoftheSHMT,outlinedtheirtasks,anddirectedtheDirectorofAEMAtoleadtheplanningeffort.


AEMAistheleadagencyfordevelopmentoftheplan.AlthoughtheSHMTisthegroupresponsiblefortheactualdevelopmentandproductionoftheplan,AEMAservedasacoordinatingentitythroughoutitsdevelopment.TheAgencyfacilitatedmostinteractionsamongvariousFederal,Stateandlocalgovernments,andprovidedimportantoversightandqualitycontroltoensurethattheplanandassociatedprocessmetFederalrequirements.AEMAcoordinatedtheupdateofallaspectsoftheplanandfacilitatedcoordinationamongagenciesatalllevelsofgovernment.Further,AEMAhelpedtoestablishmeetingtimesandlocations.TheAEMADirectorisalsoresponsibleforfinalapprovalandadoptionofthePlanonbehalfoftheGovernor.

DepartmentofAgricultureandIndustries

TheSHMTmadeallfinaldecisionsregardingtheplan,revieweddrafts,providedcomments,andmaderecommendationstotheAEMADirector.IndividualrepresentativesofagenciesontheSHMTwerealsoaskedtoprovidefeedbackfortheirrespectiveagencies,datafordevelopmentoftheriskassessment,andinputforthemitigationstrategy.

AttorneyGeneral





DepartmentofConservationandNaturalResources


DepartmentofEconomicandCommunityAffairs


DepartmentofEnvironmentalManagement


AlabamaForestryCommission


StateGeologist


StateHistoricPreservationOffice





InsuranceDepartment


Governor’sLegalCouncilOffice


DepartmentofPublicHealth


Governor’sPublicInformationOffice


DepartmentofPublicSafety


PublicServiceCommission





SecretaryofState


DepartmentofTransportation


AssociationofRegionalCouncils


LeagueofMunicipalities


AssociationofCountyCommissioners


IndianAffairs





USArmyCorpsofEngineers


Choctoawatchee,Pea,andYellowRiversWatershedManagementAuthority


Table2TheSHMPalsodetailsthehazardmitigationgoalsandobjectivesoftheStateofAlabama,whichareprovidedinTable3(belowandfollowing).2

StateofAlabamaHazardMitigationGoalsandObjectivesGoal/ObjectiveNumber

Goal/ObjectiveDescription

Goal1 Enhancethecomprehensivestatewidehazardmitigationsystem.Objective1.1 Improvelocalandstatecapabilitytostudynaturalhazards

Objective1.2Improvethestatewideavailabilityofriskinformation,particularlyinGISformat

Objective1.3Reducetheimpactofhazardevents(i.e.,lossofservice)forstatedepartmentalfunctions

Objective1.4 EnhancefloodmitigationeffortsObjective1.5 EnhancehurricanemitigationeffortsObjective1.6 EnhanceearthquakemitigationeffortsObjective1.7 EnhancelandslidemitigationeffortsObjective1.8 Enhancesinkholemitigationefforts

Objective1.9EnsurethatState,countyandlocalofficialshavemostcurrentdataregardingRLandSRLproperties

Goal2 ReducetheStateofAlabama’svulnerabilitytonaturalhazards.Objective2.1 Reducethethreatofinjuryandlossoflifefromnaturalhazards

Objective2.2Reducenaturalhazardimpactonindividualproperties,businessesandpublicfacilities

Objective2.3 Reducenaturalhazardimpactonnaturalresources

Objective2.5Improvethestate’sabilitytoprepareforanaturalorman‐madedisaster



StateofAlabamaHazardMitigationGoalsandObjectivesGoal/ObjectiveNumber

Goal/ObjectiveDescription

Objective2.6 Improvethestate’sabilitytorespondtoanaturalorman‐madedisasterGoal3: Reducevulnerabilityofnewandfuturedevelopment.

Objective3.1ImprovetheState’sabilitytoprotectnewandfutureresidentialandcommercialstructuralAssets

Objective3.2Reducetheprobabilitythatneworfutureresidentialandcommercialstructuralassetswillbeaffectedbyhazards

Goal4: Fosterpublicsupportandacceptanceofhazardmitigation

Objective4.1 IncreasestakeholderawarenessaboutthehazardsidentifiedintheStatePlan

Objective4.2 IncreasestakeholderawarenessaboutthehazardidentifiedintheStatePlan[sic]

Goal5: ExpandandPromoteinteragencyhazardmitigationcooperation.

Objective5.1 Integratehazardmitigationintoallstateandlocalresponse/recoveryactivities

Objective56.2[sic] Long‐termrecoveryfollowingadisasterTable3

5.3 AssessmentThiscapabilityassessmentwasconductedbytheconsultantshiredtofacilitatethedevelopmentprocessandtodraftthePlan.ThisassessmentwasperformedthroughinteractionswiththeAdvisoryCommittee,discussionwithvariousdepartmentsandstaff,andareviewofexistingplansanddocumentsproducedbyAuburnUniversity.GeneralawarenessofmitigationThemajorityofAdvisoryCommitteemembershavestrongawarenessofthegeneralconceptofmitigation.Manyindicatedthattheyaremoreawareofhazardmitigationinrecentyears,throughvariouseffortsoftheAUPublicSafety&SecurityDepartment.CommunicationsAsnotedintheOITBIA(Section04),thelossofcommunicationsontheAuburnCampuswouldbringoperationsonthecampustoahalt.Theabilitytocommunicatequicklyandeffectivelybetweendepartments,buildings,andpeopleiscriticaltobothday‐to‐dayoperationsandtothesuccessfulimplementationoftheUniversity’smission.Whileitwasnotedthatthereareavarietyofmeansofcommunicationonthecampus,itwasalsonotedthatallcommunicationsinfrastructuregoesthroughasinglepoint,whichisproblematicintheeventofproviderorservicefailure.Observationsindicatedthatinter‐personalcommunicationsamongemployeeswerepositiveandgenerallyclear,withgoodcooperationandunderstandingbetweenemployees.



AdministrativecapabilityAsamajorresearchcenterandland/sea/space‐grantuniversity,Auburnhassignificantadministrativecapability.TheUniversityhassignificantadministrativeinfrastructure,andsignificantexperiencewithadministrativemattersandmanagement.FiscalcapabilityAsastateagency,AuburnreceivessignificantfundingthroughAlabamaLegislativeappropriations.Inaddition,theUniversityreceivesasignificantamountofgrantfunding,primarilyfromfederalsources,aswellafundingfromprivateandnon‐profitsources.Auburncarefullyplansandmanagesfinancialcommitments,andseekstocontinuallyimprovetheirrobustfinancialcapacityandcapability.ExercisesanddrillsTheUniversityconductsexercisesdealingwithemergencymanagementevents,andregularlyparticipatesinexercisesanddrillswithotheragenciesandentities.ContinuityofOperationsVariousdepartmentshaveorareintheprocessofdevelopingCOOPorBCPplans.Inaddition,thisPlancontainsthebeginningofaBIA,whichAuburncanusetobuildadditionalCOOP/BCPdataandplans.TheCOOPdevelopmentprocessisanongoingactionfortheUniversity.MasterFacilitiesPlanAuburnUniversityhasarobustCampusMasterPlan,whichwasrecentlyupdated.Thoughthefocusofthisplanisspacemanagementandfuturedevelopment,itdoesaddresshazardsandsecurityconsiderationsonabasiclevel.AfocusoftheMasterPlanisbuildingasustainablecampus.Thisfocusplacesanemphasisontheprotectionandsustainabilityofthenaturalandwatersystems,thelandscapeandlanduse,andthequalityoflifeofthecampusasawhole,whiletyingeveryactionproposedintheplantosustainability.Thisfocus,bydefault,tiesthelivabilityandfuturedevelopmentofthecampustoahazardmitigationstance,ensuringthatthecampuswillconsiderhazardmitigationinfuturedevelopmentplanning.StormwatermanagementTheUniversitymaintainsalllegalrequirementsforstormwatermanagement.Inaddition,theUniversityseekstopromotesafestormwaterconveyanceandfloodprotectionandtoimproverunoffwaterqualityandreducedrunoffvolumethroughtheimplementationofbestmanagementpracticesforallprojectsimplementedonthecampus.RegionalplanningAuburnroutinelyparticipatesinregionalplanningefforts,includingtransportationplanning,responseplanning,andavarietyofdrillsandexercises.



FloodplainmanagementAsaStateAgency,Auburnisgenerallyexemptfromlocalfloodplainordinances,andisnotamemberoftheNationalFloodInsuranceProgram.Despitethisexemption,AuburnUniversityprohibitsthedevelopmentofnewfacilitiesinfloodplainsandinareasofthecampusthatarepronetoflooding,regardlessofofficialdesignation.SummaryofFindingsOverall,thereisagoodunderstandingofmitigation,demonstratedbytheplansandactionsthathavebeeninplaceforaconsiderabletimeperiod.Thestaffiswell‐informedandwell‐versedinhazardmitigationandprojectmanagement,andclearlyunderstandstheimportanceofimplementinghazardmitigationconsiderationsintheirday‐to‐dayactivities.TheUniversityisagoodcommunitypartner,andworkswellwithexternalstakeholdersandoutsideentitiesatalllevelsofgovernmentandcommunity.AuburnUniversityiswellservedbytheircommitmenttoemergencymanagement,hazardmitigation,planning,andcommunityparticipation,andshouldbeencouragedtocontinuetheseefforts.



5.4 FutureDevelopment&ConditionsLikemanyuniversities,AuburnUniversitymaintainsaComprehensiveCampusMasterPlan,lastupdatedin2013.Thisplan,knownastheMasterPlan,isroutinelyupdatedthroughanextensive,multi‐yearprocess,andinvolvesstudents,staff,visitors,externalstakeholders,outsideagenciesanddepartments,andotherswithaninterestinthefutureofthecampus.TheMasterPlan‘setsoutrecommendationsforaligningimprovementstothecampusenvironmentwiththemission,vision,valuesandstrategicprioritiesoftheUniversity.Itestablishesaframeworkforthestewardshipofcampuslandandfacilityresourcesaswellasaframeworkforcoordinatingincrementaldecisionsrelativetothephysicalenvironment.’3OneoftheprimarypurposesoftheMasterPlanistoestablishaframeworkforcampusdevelopmentandthemanagementoforderlycampuschange.Anotheristopromotethewise



stewardshipofland,space,andbuildingassets.TheMasterPlanprovidesdirectionforthedevelopmentofthecampus,andisdividedintothefollowingelements4:

SpaceNeeds AcademicBuildings LandUse CampusLandscape HealthScienceSector StudentHousing CampusQualityofLife Transportation CampusSecurity Athletics Sustainability Research

Figure1(following)showstheexistingdevelopmentofthecampus,asof2013.5



Figure1Figure2(following)illustratesthenewfacilities(showninorange)thatcouldbecompletedwithinadecade.Table1(following)providesdetailsoftheseproposedfacilities.6



Figure2.



ProposedFacilities(10years)Number NameA1 AcademicSuccessComplexMellCommonsA2 AcademicSuccessComplexRooseveltCommonsA3 STEMLabFacilityA4 SchoolofNursingFacilityA5 SchoolofPharmacyFacilityA6 ViaCollegeofOsteopathicMedicineFacilityA7 CollegeofEducationFacilityA8 CollegeofAgricultureFacilitiesA9 CollegeofSciencesandMathematicsFacilitiesA10 CollegeofHumanSciencesFacilityA11 CollegeofLiberalArtsFacility(Renovation)A12 EquestrianScienceFacilityA13 HaleyCenterRenovationorReplacementN1 PerformingArtsCenterSiteN2 VisitorCenterSiteN3 LowderLoungeN4 TerrellDiningHallReplacementN5 NorthEastQuadrantParkingDeckN6 LibraryParkingDeckReplacementN7 AgHillParkingDeckN8 AthleticExpansionFacilityN9 RecreationFieldExpansion

N10ReplaceCDVResidentHallFacilitywithInterimSurfaceParking/FutureBuildingSite

N11 ReplaceColiseumwithInterimSurfaceParking/FutureBuildingSiteTable1Eachoftheseproposedprojects,andallproposedlanduseoptionsproposedintheMasterPlan,areplannedinconsiderationofthecoregoalsandvaluesoftheMasterPlan.Whereverpossibleandtechnicallyfeasible,theMasterPlanalsoconsidershazardmitigationintheplanningoffuturedevelopment;hazardmitigationisalsoconsideredduringtheprojectplanningandimplementationstagesofindividualprojects.



Endnotes

1AlabamaEmergencyManagementAgency.AlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlan.2013.Retrieved10.01.15fromhttp://ema.alabama.gov/filelibrary/AL%20Standard%20State%20Mitigation%20Plan.pdf2AlabamaEmergencyManagementAgency.AlabamaStateHazardMitigationPlan.2013.Retrieved10.01.15fromhttp://ema.alabama.gov/filelibrary/AL%20Standard%20State%20Mitigation%20Plan.pdf3AuburnUniversity.AuburnUniversityComprehensiveCampusMasterPlanUpdate2013.Print.4AuburnUniversity.AuburnUniversityComprehensiveCampusMasterPlanUpdate2013.Print.5AuburnUniversity.AuburnUniversityComprehensiveCampusMasterPlanUpdate2013.Print.6AuburnUniversity.AuburnUniversityComprehensiveCampusMasterPlanUpdate2013.Print.

AuburnUniversitySection06:MitigationStrategy


Section06MitigationStrategy


6.1 IFRRequirementfortheMitigationStrategy6.2 HazardMitigationGoals6.3 HazardMitigationStrategy

6.1 IFRRequirementfortheMitigationStrategy 44CFR,§201.6(c)Plancontent.Theplanshallincludethefollowing:

(3)Amitigationstrategythatprovidesthejurisdiction’sblueprintforreducingthepotentiallossesidentifiedintheriskassessment,basedonexistingauthorities,policies,programsandresources,anditsabilitytoexpandonandimprovetheseexistingtools.Thissectionshallinclude:(i)Adescriptionofmitigationgoalstoreduceoravoidlong‐termvulnerabilitiestotheidentifiedhazards.(ii)Asectionthatidentifiesandanalyzesacomprehensiverangeofspecificmitigationactionsandprojectsbeingconsideredtoreducetheeffectsofeachhazard,withparticularemphasisonnewandexistingbuildingsandinfrastructure.AllplansapprovedbyFEMAafterOctober1,2008mustalsoaddressthejurisdiction’sparticipationintheNFIP,andcontinuedcompliancewithNFIPrequirements,asappropriate.(iii)Anactionplandescribinghowtheactionsidentifiedinparagraph(c)(3)(ii)ofthissectionwillbeprioritized,implemented,andadministeredbythelocaljurisdiction.Prioritizationshallincludeaspecialemphasisontheextenttowhichbenefitsaremaximizedaccordingtoacostbenefitreviewoftheproposedprojectsandtheirassociatedcosts.

6.2 HazardMitigationGoalsThissectioncontainsgoals,objectivesandactionitemsfortheAuburnUniversityDisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan.ForthepurposesofthisPlan,thefollowingdefinitionswereused:



GoalsaregeneralguidelinesthatexplainwhattheUniversitywantstoachieve.Goalsareexpressedasbroadpolicystatementsrepresentingdesiredlong‐termresults.

ObjectivesdescribestrategiestoattainanidentifiedGoal.Objectivesaremorespecificstatementsthangoals;objectivesarealsousuallymeasurableandcanhaveadefinedcompletiondate.

MitigationActionsarethespecificsteps(projects,policies,andprograms)thatadvanceagivenObjective.Theyarehighlyfocused,specific,andmeasurable.

ThehazardidentificationandriskassessmentinSection04consistedofidentifyingthehazardsthataffectAuburnUniversityandthepotentialfordamagetoUniversityassetsthatarevulnerabletothehazards.Section05identifiedthestrengthsandweaknessesofstate,county,andlocalcapabilities.ThegoalsandobjectivesdescribedinthissectionwereconfirmedandvalidatedbytheAdvisoryCommitteeinresponsetotheseassessmentresults.

ThegoalsofthisAuburnUniversityDisasterResistantUniversityPlanareasfollows: Goal1:Improveeducationandoutreacheffortsregardingpotentialimpactsof

hazardsandtheidentificationofspecificmeasuresthatcanbetakentoreducetheirimpact.

o Objective1.1:Increaseawarenessofrisksandunderstandingoftheadvantagesofmitigationbystudentsandemployees.

o Objective1.2:Increasedepartmentalawarenessregardingfundingopportunitiesformitigation.

Goal2:Improvedatacollection,use,andsharingtoreducetheimpactofhazards.

Typesofdatathatcouldbecollectedincludedocumentationofalldamagesandlossesfromhazardoccurrences,anecdotalreportsoflosses,impacts,orinterruptions,andtrackingofalldamagecoststhatarenotfundedthroughinsuranceorlossreimbursement.

o Objective2.1:ImproveavailabilitytotheUniversityofdatarelatedtoallrelevanthazardsforuseinfutureplanningefforts.

o Objective2.2:Continuetoacquireandmaintaindetaileddataregardingcriticalfacilities,suchthatthesitescanbeprioritizedandrisk‐assessedforpossiblemitigationactions.

Goal3:Improvecapabilities,coordination,andopportunitiestoplanandimplement

hazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.o Objective3.1:Continuesupportofhazardmitigationplanning,project

identification,andimplementationopportunities.o Objective3.2:Provideforuser‐friendlyhazarddataaccessibilityfor

mitigationandotherplanningefforts.



Goal4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandotherappropriate

hazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.o Objective4.1:Facilitatedevelopmentandtimelysubmittalofproject

applicationsmeetingstateandfederalguidelinesforfundingforhardening,retrofitting,andothertypesofmitigationofinfrastructureandcriticalfacilitieswithhighestvulnerabilityratings.

o Objective4.2:Protectstudents,staff,andvisitorsfromallhazards.

Goal5:Maintaincontinuityofoperationsduringandafterallnaturalhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.

o Objective5.1:EnsurecontinuityofITservices.o Objective5.2:Ensurecontinuityofadministrativeandsupportservices.o Objective5.3:Ensurecontinuityofresearchactivities.o Objective5.4:Facilitateandimprovetransitiontoanonline/off‐site

environmentintheeventofalong‐termcampusshutdown/o Objective5.5:Ensurecontinuityofoperationsintheeventofatemporary

powerloss.o Objective5.6:Ensurecontinuityofutilityservicetocampusfacilities.

6.3 HazardMitigationStrategyComprehensiveRangeofMitigationActionsCommunityeducationandoutreachInsuranceindustryandemergencymanagementresearchhasdemonstratedthatawarenessofhazardsisnotenough.Peoplemustknowhowtopreparefor,respondto,andtakepreventivemeasuresagainstthreatsfromnaturalhazards.Thisresearchhasalsoshownthataproperlyrunlocalinformationprogramismoreeffectivethannationaladvertisingorpubliccampaigns.Althoughconcertedlocal,county,andstatewideeffortstoinformthepublicexist,livesandpropertycontinuetobethreatenedwhensegmentsofthepopulationremainuninformedorchosetoignoretheinformationavailable.Publiceducationservestoassistthecommunitieswithproblemsexperiencedfromfloods,extremewinds,extremetemperatures,drought,severestorms,andcommunicablediseasesaswellasotherlowerpriorityhazards.Educatingthepublicoftheselifeandpropertysavingtechniquesmustremainahighpriorityitematthelocal,state,andfederallevel.



NationalFloodInsuranceProgram,floodplainmanagement,andbuildingcodesConsiderationoffloodplainmanagement,includinglanduseplanning,canreducefloodrelateddamagesforbothexistingbuildingsandnew.Theuseofwisefloodplainmanagementprinciplesiscriticaltothereductionoffutureflooddamagecosts.Withinfloodplainmanagementasawhole,theeducationprocessmustplayanimportantrole.Asnotedabove,aneffectiveeducationprogramshouldbeimplementedtoshowcitizenstheimportanceofbuildingcodesandordinancesandhowcosteffectivetheycouldbeinreducingfuturedamages.Floodplainmanagementandbuildingcodesservetoassistthecommunitieswithproblemsexperiencedfromfloods,highwinds,severestorms,andearthquakesasotherlowerpriorityhazards.FloodmitigationactionsRetrofittingstructurespronetoperiodicfloodingisaneffectivemitigationtechniquetoreducethefloodlossofproperty.Techniquesincludetheelevationofstructures,mitigationreconstruction,dryfloodproofing,wetfloodproofing,anddrainageimprovementsandinstallationofgenerators.ElevationinvolvesraisingastructureonanewfoundationsothatthelowestfloorisabovetheBaseFloodElevation(BFE).Almostanytypeandsizeofstructurecanbeelevated.Inaddition,specificelementsofastructure–suchassupportutilities–mayalsobeelevated.Dryfloodproofingiscompletelysealingtheexteriorofabuildingtopreventtheentryoffloodwaters.Techniquesincludethebuildingoffloodwallsadjacenttoexistingwalls,theinstallationofspecialdoorstosealoutfloodwaters,andspecialbackflowvalvesforwaterandsewerlines.Unlikewetfloodproofing,whichallowswatertoenterthehousethroughwallopenings,dryfloodproofingsealsallopeningsbelowthefloodlevelandreliesonthewallsofthehousetoholdwaterout.Wetfloodproofingincludesmeasuresappliedtoastructurethatpreventorprovideresistancetodamagefromfloodingwhileallowingfloodwaters(thisincludesfloodingofinteriorspaceswithcleanwaterfromcitywaterorwells,insteadoffloodwater)toenterthestructureorarea.Generally,thisincludesproperlyanchoringthestructure,usingfloodresistantmaterialsbelowthedeterminedfloodelevation,protectionofmechanicalandutilityequipment,anduseofopeningsorbreakawaywalls.Wetfloodproofingincludeslow‐costmitigationmeasuressuchasraisingairconditioners,heatpumps,andhotwaterheatersonplatformsabovethedeterminedfloodelevation.Generatorsareanothercost‐effectiveretrofittingtechniqueincludestheinstallationofgenerators.Byprovidingpowerwithgeneratorsduringandafterseverestormsmanycriticalfacilitiesmaycontinuetoprovidenecessaryservicestothecommunity.The



installationofgeneratorsservestoassistthecommunitieswithproblemsexperiencedfromfloods,hurricanes,tornadoes,andhighwinds.WindretrofittingmitigationactionsStructurescanberetrofittedtowithstandhighwindsbyinstallinghurricaneshutters,rooftie‐downsandotherstormprotectionfeatures.Theexteriorintegrity(i.e.buildingenvelope)ismaintainedbyprotectingtheinteriorofthestructureandprovidingstabilityagainstwindhazardsassociatedwithhurricanes.Thisalsoimprovestheabilitytoachieveacontinuousloadpath.Thesetypesofmeasurescanberelativelyinexpensiveandsimpletoputinplace.EarlywarningsystemsWithsufficientwarningofahazardevent,acommunityanditsresidentscantakeprotectivemeasuressuchasmovingpersonalproperty,cars,andpeopleoutofharm’sway.Whenathreatrecognitionsystemiscombinedwithanemergencyresponseplanthataddressesthecommunity'shazardvulnerabilities,considerabledamagecanbeprevented.Thissystemmustbecoupledtowarningthepublic,carryingoutappropriatetasks,andcoordinatingthehazardresponseplanwithoperatorsofcriticalfacilities.Acomprehensiveeducationandoutreachprogramiscriticaltothesuccessofearlywarningsystemssothatthepublic,operatorsofcriticalfacilities,andemergencyresponsepersonnelwillknowwhatactionstotakewhenwarningisdisseminated.Earlywarningsystemsincludesirensystems,reverse911systems,andothertechnologiesusedtowarnfacultyandstudentsofimpendingevents.Earlywarningsystemsservetoassistthecommunitieswithproblemsexperiencedfromfloods,hurricanes,tornadoes,andthunderstorms,andcanalsobeusedtonotifypeopleregardingannouncedevacuations.DroughtIngeneral,communitiescanhavelittleinfluenceorimpactonmitigatingtheimpactofdroughtsexceptthroughensuringadequatewatersuppliesfornormalcircumstancesandthroughimplementationofwaterconservationmeasureswhendroughtconditionsareimminent.Undertakingdroughtimpactstudies,aswellassearchingforalternativewatersuppliescanbothsetthefoundationforfuturemitigationmeasures.ExtremetemperaturesAswithmostnaturalhazards,publiceducationabouttheeffectsofextremetemperatures,aswellashowtomitigatethoseeffectsisuseful.Alertsandadvisinghigh‐riskpeopletoreducephysicalactivityandstayinair‐conditionedandorheatedbuildingshelptoreducefatalitiesandinjuries.SinkholesandlandsubsidencemitigationactionsWithaclearunderstandingoftheerosionandsubsidencehazards,communitiescanworktowardspreventingfuturedamages.Somemitigatingmeasuresare:



Communicabledisease/pandemicmitigationactionsPubliceducationandoutreachcampaignshaveproventobehighlyeffectiveinmitigatingtheeffectsofcommunicabledisease.Informationregardingsymptoms,handwashing,treatmentandvaccinations,whenmadeavailabletothepublicinaneasy‐to‐understandformat,candomuchtoreduceinfectionrates.Alsoeffectiveistheinstallationanduseofhandsanitizingstationsinpublicfacilities.WildfiremitigationactionsThefollowingmitigationmeasurescanbeappliedtothoseareasofthecommunitywhicharedesignatedasfireriskzones.Educationaloutreachdevelopsandconductseducationaloutreachprogramsforfirepreventionincludingtrainingonfiresafebuildingforcontractors.Retrofittinginvolvesexistingbuildingsthatcanberetrofittedtoreducetheirvulnerabilitytofires.Potentialmeasuresincludecoveringroofventswithwiremeshtoprevententryofembersorflamingdebris,andreplacingflammableroofmaterialssuchaswoodorcertaintypesofshingles.Fireresistantroofingmaterialsincludevarioustiles,fiberglassshingles,andsingleplymembranes.Safetyzonescanbecreatedaroundstructuresbyreducingoreliminatingbrush,trees,andvegetationaroundfacility.FEMArecommendsusinga30'safetyzone,includingkeepinggrassbelow2″tallandclearingallfallenleavesandbranchespromptly.Firebreaks,suchasroads,paths,andtrails,canbeplannedsoastoserveadualfunctionasfirebreaks.Firebreaksareareasofinflammablematerialswhichcreateafuelbreakanddonotallowfirestospread.HailandseverestormmitigationactionsThefollowingactionscanbeimplementedtomitigatethedamageoftencausedbyhailandseverestorms:

Storingandparkingcars,golfcarts,andothervehiclesinprotectedareas Hardeningofroof‐mountedequipment,includingcommunicationsequipmentand

solarpanels



MitigationStrategyTheAdvisoryCommitteedevelopedandconfirmedthefollowingprogramofmitigationactionsinresponsetotheHIRAinSection04thePlan.Allactionsproposedwouldbecompletedinthenextfiveyears,fundingandresourceallocationpermitting.Goal#1:Improveeducationandoutreacheffortsregardingthepotentialimpactsofhazardsandtheidentificationofspecificmeasuresthatcanbetakentoreducetheimpacts.Objective#1.1:Increaseawarenessofrisksandunderstandingoftheadvantagesofmitigationbystaff,faculty,andstudents.Actionnumber: 1.1.1

Actiondescription:Developandimplementallhazardspubliceducationandoutreachprogramforhazardmitigationandpreparednessforallstudents,faculty,andstaff.

Hazard(s)tobemitigated:

Communicabledisease/pandemic;Drought;Earthquake;Extremetemperatures;Flood;Hail;Highwinds;Lightning;Thunderstorm;Tornado;Sinkhole&landsubsidence;Wildfire;Winterstorm

Newactionorcarryover: Newaction

Developmentprotected:

Newandfuture

Responsibledepartment(s):

AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagement

Financialresources:

Universityfunding,grantfunding,in‐kind

Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: LowNotes/update: Goal#1:Improveeducationandoutreacheffortsregardingthepotential impactsofhazardsandtheidentificationofspecificmeasuresthatcanbetakentoreducetheimpacts.Objective#1.1:Increaseawarenessofrisksandunderstandingoftheadvantagesofmitigationbystaff,faculty,andstudents.Actionnumber: 1.1.2

Actiondescription: Initiateastudentawarenessprogramonwebsiteand/orsocialmediaforhazardsafety.



Newactionorcarryover:

Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: LowNotes/update:



Goal#1:Improveeducationandoutreacheffortsregardingthepotentialimpactsofhazardsandtheidentificationofspecificmeasuresthatcanbetakentoreducetheimpacts.Objective#1.1:Increaseawarenessofrisksandunderstandingoftheadvantagesofmitigationbystaff,faculty,andstudents.Actionnumber: 1.1.3

Actiondescription: Designandinitiateanemployeetraininginitiativeusingaweb‐basedplatform.




Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: LowNotes/update: Goal#1:Improveeducationandoutreacheffortsregardingthepotentialimpactsofhazardsandtheidentificationofspecificmeasuresthatcanbetakentoreducetheimpacts.Objective#1.2:Increasedepartmentalawarenessregardingfundingopportunitiesformitigation.Actionnumber: 1.2.1

Actiondescription:ConductscheduledorperiodicoutreachtointerestedpartiesrelatedtoFEMAhazardmitigationgrantprograms,includingallapplicableHMAprograms.




Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources: Universityfunding,grantfunding,in‐kind




Goal#1:Improveeducationandoutreacheffortsregardingthepotentialimpactsofhazardsandtheidentificationofspecificmeasuresthatcanbetakentoreducetheimpacts.Objective#1.2:Increasedepartmentalawarenessregardingfundingopportunitiesformitigation.Actionnumber: 1.2.2

Actiondescription:CollaboratewithUniversityexecutiveleadershiporganizationsonprograms,projects,andopportunitiesdesignedtoincreasehazardmitigationopportunities.




Developmentprotected: Newandfuture



Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: LowNotes/update: Goal#2:Improvedatacollection,use,andsharingtoreducetheimpactofhazards.Typesofdatathatcouldbecollectedincludedocumentationofalldamagesandlossesfromhazardoccurrences,anecdotalreportsoflosses,impacts,orinterruptions,andtrackingofdamagescoststhatarenotfundedthroughinsuranceorlossreimbursement.Objective2.1:ImproveavailabilitytotheUniversityofdatarelatedtoallrelevanthazardsforuseinfutureplanningefforts.Actionnumber: 2.1.1

Actiondescription:Developandmaintainrelationshipswithorganizationsthatcanprovidetechnicalinformationand/orassistanceintheareasofhazardidentificationandriskassessment.




Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources:





Goal#2:Improvedatacollection,use,andsharingtoreducetheimpactofhazards.Typesofdatathatcouldbecollectedincludedocumentationofalldamagesandlossesfromhazardoccurrences,anecdotalreportsoflosses,impacts,orinterruptions,andtrackingofdamagescoststhatarenotfundedthroughinsuranceorlossreimbursement.Objective2.1:ImproveavailabilitytotheUniversityofdatarelatedtoallrelevanthazardsforuseinfutureplanningefforts.Actionnumber: 2.1.2

Actiondescription: CreateaprioritizedlistofUniversityassetsanddevelopdetailedhazard,risk,&vulnerabilityinformationforeachasset.




Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: LowNotes/update: Goal#2:Improvedatacollection,use,andsharingtoreducetheimpactofhazards.Typesofdatathatcouldbecollectedincludedocumentationofalldamagesandlossesfromhazardoccurrences,anecdotalreportsoflosses,impacts,orinterruptions,andtrackingofdamagescoststhatarenotfundedthroughinsuranceorlossreimbursement.Objective2.1:ImproveavailabilitytotheUniversityofdatarelatedtoallrelevanthazardsforuseinfutureplanningefforts.Actionnumber: 2.1.3

Actiondescription:Developarepositoryforstorageandaccessofhazard,risk,andvulnerabilitydataforUniversityassets,equipment,andpopulations.




Newaction


Newandfuture







Goal#2:Improvedatacollection,use,andsharingtoreducetheimpactofhazards.Typesofdatathatcouldbecollectedincludedocumentationofalldamagesandlossesfromhazardoccurrences,anecdotalreportsoflosses,impacts,orinterruptions,andtrackingofdamagescoststhatarenotfundedthroughinsuranceorlossreimbursement.Objective#2.2:Continuetoacquireandmaintaindetaileddataregardingcriticalfacilities,suchthatthesesitescanbeprioritizedandrisk‐assessedforpossiblemitigationactions.Actionnumber: 2.2.1

Actiondescription:Conductwindriskassessmentsonhigh‐priorityfacilitiesthataredeterminedtobevulnerabletohighwinds.


Highwinds;Tornado


Newaction


Responsibledepartment(s): AuburnUniversityFacilities


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: ModerateNotes/update: Goal#2:Improvedatacollection,use,andsharingtoreducetheimpactofhazards.Typesofdatathatcouldbecollectedincludedocumentationofalldamagesandlossesfromhazardoccurrences,anecdotalreportsoflosses,impacts,orinterruptions,andtrackingofdamagescoststhatarenotfundedthroughinsuranceorlossreimbursement.Objective#2.2:Continuetoacquireandmaintaindetaileddataregardingcriticalfacilities,suchthatthesesitescanbeprioritizedandrisk‐assessedforpossiblemitigationactions.Actionnumber: 2.2.2

Actiondescription:

Workwithappropriateagencies,departments,andorganizationstoidentifyspecificareasofcampusthatarevulnerabletostormeffects,theninventoryspecificequipment,assets,infrastructure,andpopulationsinthoseareasforuseinprojectdevelopment.


Extremetemperatures;Flood;Hail;Highwinds;Lightning;Thunderstorm;Tornado;Winterstorm



Newandfuture



Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: ModerateNotes/update:



Goal#2:Improvedatacollection,use,andsharingtoreducetheimpactofhazards.Typesofdatathatcouldbecollectedincludedocumentationofalldamagesandlossesfromhazardoccurrences,anecdotalreportsoflosses,impacts,orinterruptions,andtrackingofdamagescoststhatarenotfundedthroughinsuranceorlossreimbursement.Objective#2.2:Continuetoacquireandmaintaindetaileddataregardingcriticalfacilities,suchthatthesesitescanbeprioritizedandrisk‐assessedforpossiblemitigationactions.Actionnumber: 2.2.3

Actiondescription:Conductacampus‐wideassessmentofassets,infrastructure,equipment,andpopulationstodeterminespecificvulnerabilitiestonon‐spatialhazards.


Communicabledisease/pandemic;Drought;Extremetemperatures;Flood;Hail;Highwinds;Lightning;Thunderstorm;Tornado;Winterstorm


Newaction





Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: ModerateNotes/update: Goal#3:Improvecapabilities,coordination,andopportunitiestoplanandimplementhazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#3.1:Continuesupportofhazardmitigationplanning,projectidentification,andimplementationopportunities.Actionnumber: 3.1.1

Actiondescription:Providegrantinformation,planningtools,training,andtechnicalassistancetoincreasethenumberofhazardmitigationprojectsand/orprojectswithamitigationelementincorporated.







Financialresources:





Goal#3:Improvecapabilities,coordination,andopportunitiestoplanandimplementhazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#3.1:Continuesupportofhazardmitigationplanning,projectidentification,andimplementationopportunities.Actionnumber: 3.1.2

Actiondescription:Participateinallrelevantcity,county,regional,andstateplanningefforts,includinghazardmitigation,emergencyoperations,andmasterplanning,asitpertainstotheUniversity.




Newaction


Newandfuture




Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: ModerateNotes/update: Goal#3:Improvecapabilities,coordination,andopportunitiestoplanandimplementhazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#3.1:Continuesupportofhazardmitigationplanning,projectidentification,andimplementationopportunities.Actionnumber: 3.1.3

Actiondescription:Considerthefindingsofthisplan'sHIRAinfutureupdatestoMasterPlans,CapitalProjectPlans,andotherrelevantinternalplanningmechanisms.




Newaction


Newandfuture







Goal#3:Improvecapabilities,coordination,andopportunitiestoplanandimplementhazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#3.1:Continuesupportofhazardmitigationplanning,projectidentification,andimplementationopportunities.Actionnumber: 3.1.4

Actiondescription:

Participateinallrelevantcity,county,regional,andstateexercisesandtrainingefforts,includinghazardmitigation,emergencyoperations,andsituationalexercises,asitpertainstotheUniversity.







Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: ModerateNotes/update: Goal#3:Improvecapabilities,coordination,andopportunitiestoplanandimplementhazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#3.2:Provideforuser‐friendlyhazarddataaccessibilityformitigationandotherplanningefforts.Actionnumber: 3.2.1

Actiondescription:Integratehazarddata(e.g.,windload,FFE,saferoomlocation,etc.)intocampusmapsasbuildingsareadded.




Newaction


Newandfuture






Goal#3:Improvecapabilities,coordination,andopportunitiestoplanandimplementhazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#3.2:Provideforuser‐friendlyhazarddataaccessibilityformitigationandotherplanningefforts.Actionnumber: 3.2.2

Actiondescription:Conductperiodictrainingrelatedtoexistingemergencyalert/notificationsystems.




Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: ModerateNotes/update: Goal#3:Improvecapabilities,coordination,andopportunitiestoplanandimplementhazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#3.2:Provideforuser‐friendlyhazarddataaccessibilityformitigationandotherplanningefforts.Actionnumber: 3.2.3Actiondescription: Provideforpublicsignagetoindicateareasofsafetyfromhazards.Hazard(s)tobemitigated:

Earthquake;Extremetemperatures;Flood;Hail;Highwinds;Lightning;Thunderstorm;Tornado;Wildfire;Winterstorm



Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagementandAuburnUniversityFacilities

Financialresources:





Goal#4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandotherappropriatehazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#4.1:Facilitatedevelopmentandtimelysubmittalofprojectapplicationsmeetingstateandfederalguidelinesforfundingforhardening,retrofitting,andothertypesofmitigationofinfrastructureandcriticalfacilitieswithhighestvulnerabilityratings.Actionnumber: 4.1.1

Actiondescription:Implementmitigationprojectsandprogramsintendedtoreduceexistingvulnerabilitiestocriticalfacilities,assets,equipment,infrastructure,andpopulations.







Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: ModerateNotes/update: Goal#4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandotherappropriatehazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#4.1:Facilitatedevelopmentandtimelysubmittalofprojectapplicationsmeetingstateandfederalguidelinesforfundingforhardening,retrofitting,andothertypesofmitigationofinfrastructureandcriticalfacilitieswithhighestvulnerabilityratings.Actionnumber: 4.1.2

Actiondescription:Implementmitigationprojectsandprogramsintendedtoreduceexistingvulnerabilitiestoallotherfacilities,assets,equipment,infrastructure,andpopulations.




Newaction


Newandfuture







Goal#4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandotherappropriatehazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#4.1:Facilitatedevelopmentandtimelysubmittalofprojectapplicationsmeetingstateandfederalguidelinesforfundingforhardening,retrofitting,andothertypesofmitigationofinfrastructureandcriticalfacilitieswithhighestvulnerabilityratings.Actionnumber: 4.1.3

Actiondescription:

Determinefeasibility/needtorepaintorotherwiseprotectallassets,buildings,andinfrastructurefromfire,particularlybuildingsusedfordormitories,classrooms,research,animalcare,orhazardousmaterialsstorage.


Wildfire




AuburnUniversityFacilities

Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: ModerateNotes/update: Goal#4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandotherappropriatehazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#4.2:Protectfaculty,staff,students,andvisitorsfromallhazards.Actionnumber: 4.2.1

Actiondescription: Harden,strengthen,protect,orotherwisemitigatecommunicationssystemswithinandwithoutthecampus.




Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityOfficeofInformationTechnologyandAuburnUniversityFacilities

Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $5,000+Priority: HighNotes/update:



Goal#4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandotherappropriatehazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#4.2:Protectfaculty,staff,students,andvisitorsfromallhazards.Actionnumber: 4.2.2

Actiondescription:Conduct,update,maintain,andpublishassessmentofappropriatesitesforsheltering‐in‐placeduringsevereweatherevents.




Newaction





Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandother appropriatehazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#4.2:Protectfaculty,staff,students,andvisitorsfromallhazards.Actionnumber: 4.2.3

Actiondescription:Maintainandenhanceemergencynotificationsystemstonotifystudents,faculty,staff,andvisitorsofhazardevents.





Newandfuture



Financialresources:






Actiondescription:Considertheinclusionofsaferooms,hardening,emergencypower,andotherhazardmitigationmeasuresinneworrenovatedresidential/housingassets.




Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityFacilitiesandAuxiliaryEnterprises

Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $5,000+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandotherappropriatehazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#4.2:Protectfaculty,staff,students,andvisitorsfromallhazards.Actionnumber: 4.2.5

Actiondescription:Identifyanddevelopmitigationmeasurestoaddressvulnerabilitiesofhistoricandsignificantstructuresthatfitwithinthestructure'scharacterandperiod.






AuburnUniversityFacilitiesandAuxiliaryEnterprises

Financialresources:





Goal#4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandotherappropriatehazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#4.2:Protectfaculty,staff,students,andvisitorsfromallhazards.Actionnumber: 4.2.6Actiondescription: Protectandmaintainexistingtreecanopy.Hazard(s)tobemitigated: Drought;Extremetemperatures





Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $5,000+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#4:Pursueopportunitiestomitigatecampusfacilitiesandotherappropriatehazardmitigationprojects,programs,andactivities.Objective#4.2:Protectfaculty,staff,students,andvisitorsfromallhazards.Actionnumber: 4.2.7

Actiondescription: Identifylocationsforsaferoomplacement;developprojectstodesignandconstructsaferooms.


Highwinds;Severethunderstorm;Tornado





Financialresources:






Actiondescription:Placeandmaintainhandsanitizerdispensersatentrancestobuildings.




Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.1:EnsurecontinuityofITservices.Actionnumber: 5.1.1

Actiondescription:Maintainandimprovecriticalarea/functionBusinessContinuityPlans.





Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagementandAuburnUniversityOfficeofInformationTechnology


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update:



Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.1:EnsurecontinuityofITservices.Actionnumber: 5.1.2

Actiondescription:DetermineandperiodicallyreviewprioritizationofserversandotherITequipmentneedstoensurecriticaldataremainsavailableduringandafterhazardevents.




Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.1:EnsurecontinuityofITservices.Actionnumber: 5.1.3

Actiondescription:DetermineandimplementprojectstoallowredundancyofITandcommunicationequipmenttoallowforcontinuedoperationsfollowingsinglepointfailure.





Newandfuture







Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.2:Ensurecontinuityofadministrativeandsupportservices.Actionnumber: 5.2.1





Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagementandotherapplicabledepartments

Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.2:Ensurecontinuityofadministrativeandsupportservices.Actionnumber: 5.2.2

Actiondescription:Conductateleworkexercisetoidentifyemergentorexistingchallengestooperationsfromoff‐sitestaffwork,intheeventofcampusinaccessibility.




Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagement,OfficeofInformationTechnology,andotherapplicabledepartments





Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.2:Ensurecontinuityofadministrativeandsupportservices.Actionnumber: 5.2.3

Actiondescription:Determineandperiodicallyreviewnecessaryequipment/hardeningtomaintaincriticaladministrativeandsupportfunctionsduringandafterahazardevent.




Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagementandOfficeofInformationTechnology


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.3:Ensurecontinuityofresearchactivities.Actionnumber: 5.3.1

Actiondescription: Maintainandimprovecriticalarea/functionBusinessContinuityPlans.




Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagementandapplicabledepartments

Financialresources:





Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.3:Ensurecontinuityofresearchactivities.Actionnumber: 5.3.2





Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagement,OfficeofInformationTechnology,andapplicabledepartments

Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.3:Ensurecontinuityofresearchactivities.Actionnumber: 5.3.3

Actiondescription:Ensureaccesstosoftware,tools,equipment,licenses,etc.necessaryformaintainintegrityofresearchintheeventthatoff‐siteaccessisnecessary.





Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityOfficeofInformationTechnology,andapplicabledepartments

Financialresources:





Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.3:Ensurecontinuityofresearchactivities.Actionnumber: 5.3.4

Actiondescription:Developandmaintainplansforoff‐sitestorageofsamplesand/ormovingofresearchspecimens(includingliveanimals)forcontinuity,access,andcareduringandafterhazardevents.




Newaction


Newandfuture




Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.4:Facilitateandimprovetransitiontoanonline/off‐siteenvironmentintheeventofalong‐termcampusshutdown.Actionnumber: 5.4.1

Actiondescription:Maintainandimprovecritical area/functionBusinessContinuityPlans.




Newaction


Newandfuture







Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.4:Facilitateandimprovetransitiontoanonline/off‐siteenvironmentintheeventofalong‐termcampusshutdown.Actionnumber: 5.4.2







AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagement,OfficeofInformationTechnology,andapplicabledepartments

Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.4:Facilitateandimprovetransitiontoanonline/off‐siteenvironmentintheeventofalong‐termcampusshutdown.Actionnumber: 5.4.3

Actiondescription:Encouragetheuseofonlinesystemsintheimplementationoftraditionalcoursesinordertoincreaseandmaintainfamiliaritywithprogramsandprocesses.







Financialresources:





Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.5:Ensurecontinuityofoperationsintheeventofatemporarypowerloss.Actionnumber: 5.5.1





Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.5:Ensurecontinuityofoperationsintheeventofatemporarypowerloss.Actionnumber: 5.5.2

Actiondescription:Identifycriticalfacilitiesandassetsthatrequireemergencypowergenerators,quickconnects,orotherrelatedequipment,anddevelop/requestprojectstoaddresstheidentifiedneed.


Earthquake;Extremetemperatures;Flood;Hail;Highwinds;Lightning;Thunderstorm;Tornado;Sinkhole&landsubsidence;Wildfire;Winterstorm


Newaction


Newandfuture



Financialresources:





Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.5:Ensurecontinuityofoperationsintheeventofatemporarypowerloss.Actionnumber: 5.5.3

Actiondescription:Identifyallotherfacilitiesandassetsthatrequireemergencypowergenerators,quickconnects,orotherrelatedequipment,anddevelop/requestprojectstoaddresstheidentifiedneed.


Earthquake;Extremetemperatures;Flood;Hail;Highwinds;Lightning;Thunderstorm;Tornado;Sinkhole&landsubsidence;Wildfire;Winterstorm


Newaction


Newandfuture




Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.5:Ensurecontinuityofoperationsintheeventofatemporarypowerloss.Actionnumber: 5.5.4

Actiondescription:Identifyallfacilitieshousingsensitiveequipmentwhichcanbedamagedbytemperaturefluctuations,anddevelop/requestprojectstoaddresstheidentifiedneed.


Extremetemperatures


Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagementandFacilities

Financialresources:





Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.6:Ensurecontinuityofoperationsofutilityservicetocampusfacilities.Actionnumber: 5.6.1





Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagementandapplicabledepartment

Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.6:Ensurecontinuityofoperations ofutilityservicetocampusfacilities.Actionnumber: 5.6.2

Actiondescription:Researchalternativewatersourcesforthecampus,intheeventofprimarysourcefailure,exhaustion,orcontamination.


Drought


Newaction


Newandfuture








Actiondescription:

Investigatefeasibilityofalternatewatersuppliesforfiresuppressionactivities,includingthepossibilityofroof‐mounted,gravity‐fedcollectionsystem,toensureabilitytosuppressfireintheeventofhydrantdamageorwaterloss,orotherhazardeventwhichcompromisesabilitytoaccesswater.


Drought;Wildfire





Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.6:Ensurecontinuityofoperationsofutilityservicetocampusfacilities.Actionnumber: 5.6.4

Actiondescription:Workwithutility/serviceproviderstodetermineandaddressvulnerabilitiesinutilityservicetocampus;develop/requestprojectstoaddressdocumentedvulnerabilities.


Drought;Earthquake;Extremetemperatures;Flood;Hail;Highwinds;Lightning;Thunderstorm;Tornado;Sinkhole&landsubsidence;Wildfire;Winterstorm



Newandfuture



Financialresources:






Actiondescription:Workwithpartnersandsupplierstoensuresupplyreliabilityanddistributionoffuelduringemergencygeneratoruseorothertimeswhenincreasedfuelisrequiredforcampusoperations.


Drought;Earthquake;Extremetemperatures;Flood;Hail;Highwinds;Lightning;Thunderstorm;Tornado;Sinkhole&landsubsidence;Wildfire;Winterstorm


Newaction


Newandfuture


AuburnUniversityPublicSafety&Security/EmergencyManagement,AuxiliaryEnterprises,Airport,NCAT,andotherapplicabledepartments

Financialresources:


Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Goal#5:Maintainbusinessandoperationalcontinuityduringandafterallhazardevents,includingtransitiontoanonline,electronic,orothertypeofvirtualenvironmentwhenfacilitiesareinaccessible.Objective#5.6:Ensurecontinuityofoperationsofutilityservicetocampusfacilities.Actionnumber: 5.6.6

Actiondescription:Reviewbuildingandinfrastructurewindloadanddebrisimpactcapacity;developandrequestprojectstoretrofit,harden,ormitigatetheidentifiedvulnerability.


Hail;Highwinds;Thunderstorm;Tornado;Winterstorm


Newaction


Newandfuture



Estimatedcost: $500+Priority: HighNotes/update: Theprecedingtablesidentifyspecificactionstoachieveidentifiedgoals,aresponsiblepartyforeachaction,suggestedfundingsources,andanapproximateestimatedcost.Thesetablesalsoindicatetheprioritizationoftheactions.



PrioritieswereinitiallydeterminedonaqualitativebasisbyaworkinggroupoftheAdvisoryCommittee.Theconsiderationswerecriticalityofserviceorfunction,generalfeasibility,andanticipatedeffectivenessinreducingrisk.Detailedbenefit‐costanalyseswerenotperformed(seenotesbelow)butgeneralcosteffectivenessofthetypesofactionsbeingconsideredwastakenintoaccount.TheprioritizationoftheactionswasvalidatedbytheAdvisoryCommitteeduringreviewofthedraftPlan.Staffing,resources,andcoordinationofeffortareatapremiumwithlittlechanceofsignificantchangetotheseissuesintheforeseeablefuture.Therefore,theinclusionofanyspecificactioniteminthisdocumentdoesnotcommittheUniversitytoimplementation.Eachitemwillbeconsideredforimplementationintermsoftheavailablestaffandfundingresourcesonaperiodicbasis.Inaddition,certainitemsmayrequireregulatorychangesorotherdecisionsthatmustbeimplementedthroughstandardprocesses,suchaschangingregulations.ItisanticipatedthatthemajorityoftheactionsinthePlanwillbeimplementedasfundsbecomeavailablethroughvariousfederalmitigationgrantprogramsandthroughcampusresources.Benefit‐CostAnalysisPertheIFR,communitiesarerequiredtousebenefitcostanalysistoprioritizeprojectsforimplementation.Atthisstage,theanalysisofcostsandbenefitshasbeendoneatagenerallevel.However,asprojectfundingbecomesavailable,AuburnUniversitywillundertakeamoreextensiveprocess.Benefit‐costanalysis(BCA)comparesthebenefitsofmitigationmeasurestothecosts,andisatechniqueusedforevaluatingthecost‐effectivenessofmitigationmeasures.FEMArequiresaBCAforallmitigationprojectsthatreceiveFEMAfunding.TheAdvisoryCommitteediscussedthepotentialcostsassociatedwitheachtypeofmitigationmeasureanddecidedthatanyprojectcouldbecosteffectiveifitsscopewereproperlytailoredtothesituation.Afterdiscussingthepossiblecostsofthevariousmitigationmeasures,theAdvisoryCommitteedecidedthatinsteadofworkingondevelopingaverygenericBCAatthistimeforprojectsthatmaynoteverbeauthorized,theywouldwaituntilspecificfundingsourcesareidentifiedandavailable.However,atthetimethatgrantsbecomeavailable[HazardMitigationGrantProgram(HMGP)afterdisastersorPre‐DisasterMitigation(PDM)andFloodMitigationAssistance(FMA)grantsannually],theUniversitywillcollectdetailedinformationoneachstructurethatisinterestedinparticipatinginthegrantprogramandperformaBCAtohelprankthestructuresaspartoftheprocesstodeterminewhichshouldreceivefundingfirst.

AuburnUniversityAppendixA:ApprovalDocumentation

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan‐APADRAFT–06.20.16–PageA‐1

AppendixAApprovalDocumentation


A.1 OverviewA.2 PlanReviewToolA.3 AdoptionbyAuburnUniversity A.4 ApprovalbyAEMAandFEMA

A.1 OverviewThissub‐sectionwillcontainthedocumentationrelatedtotheapprovalofthishazardmitigationplan.Thisdocumentation,whilenotavailableduringthedraftingoftheplan,willbeaddedtothisappendixaftertheapprovalstakeplace.

A.2 PlanReviewToolThissub‐sectionwillcontainthefinalPlanReviewToolforthisPlan.Thisdocumentation,whilenotavailableduringthedraftingoftheplan,willbeaddedtothisappendixaftertheapprovalstakeplace.

A.3 AdoptionbyAuburnUniversityThissub‐sectionwillcontainacopyoftheformalapprovalofthishazardmitigationplanbythePresidentofAuburnUniversity.Thisdocumentation,whilenotavailableduringthedraftingoftheplan,willbeaddedtothisappendixaftertheapprovalstakeplace.

A.4 ApprovalbyAEMAandFEMAThissub‐sectionwillcontainacopyoftheformalapprovalofthishazardmitigationplanbytheAlabamaEmergencyManagementAgency(AEMA)andtheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA).Thisdocumentation,whilenotavailableduringthedraftingoftheplan,willbeaddedtothisappendixaftertheapprovalstakeplace.

AuburnUniversityAppendixB:MeetingDocumentation

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan–APADRAFT–06.20.16–PageB‐1

AppendixBMeetingDocumentation


B.1 OverviewB.2 AdvisoryCommitteeMembershipB.3 MeetingDocumentation B.4 MeetingPresentations

B.1 OverviewThisappendixhousesthedocumentationassociatedwithmeetingsoftheAuburnUniversityDisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan.ThisappendixcontainsdocumentationformeetingsthatoccurredduringthedevelopmentofthisPlan.

B.2 AdvisoryCommitteeMembershipThissub‐sectionprovidesthemembershipoftheAdvisoryCommittee,displayedinTable1(belowandfollowing).



PhoneNumber

Email

Acker,David AuburnUniversity,RiskManagement&Safety


Adams,John AuburnUniversity,MedicalClinic


Brown,DwayneAuburnUniversity,AlumniAffairs 334.844.1144 [email protected]

Carpenter,Bennett EastAlabamaEMS 334.444.6595 [email protected]

Carroll,JimAuburnUniversity,CampusPlanning&SpaceManagement


Carson,Kathy LeeCounty,EmergencyManagementAgency






PhoneNumber

Email

Clardy,MikeAuburnUniversity,Communications&Marketing


Colswell,Tommy CityofAuburn,PoliceDivision


Cooper,Cathy AuburnUniversity,RiskManagement&Safety


Corbett,ChanceAuburnUniversity,DepartmentofPublicSafety&Security


Eick,ChristineAuburnUniversity,RiskManagement&Safety 334.844.4755 [email protected]

Frazier,KennyCityofAuburn,PoliceDivision 334.501.3131 [email protected]

George,Kelly WittO'Brien's,LLC 813.810.5429 [email protected]

Helms,John AuburnUniversity,OfficeofInformationTechnology


Hensarling,Robert

AuburnUniversity,CollegeofAgriculture 334.844.3596 [email protected]

Holley,JessicaAuburnUniversity,InternationalPrograms 334.740.5123 [email protected]

Hoult,KevinAuburnUniversity,UniversityHousing&ResidenceLife


Jordan,Matt CityofAuburn,FireDivision 334.501.3165 [email protected]

Kam,Frederick AuburnUniversity,MedicalClinic


Kirkus,AsaAlabamaDepartmentofTransportation 334.241.8590 [email protected]

Koch,VirginiaAuburnUniversity,ResidenceLife 334.844.3460 [email protected]

Langley,JohnnyLeeCounty,EmergencyManagementAgency 334.749.8161 [email protected]

Lankford,John CityofAuburn,FireDivision 334.501.3163 [email protected]

Littlejohn,LynAuburnUniversity,DepartmentofPublicSafety&Security


Majors,James LeeCountySheriff'sOffice 334.737.7101 [email protected]

Mann,RobertAuburnUniversity,DepartmentofPublicSafety&Security


Maxwell,Sandra WittO'Brien's,LLC 404.964.2935 [email protected]

McAllister,SusanAuburnUniversity,DepartmentofPublicSafety&Security






PhoneNumber

Email

McCormick,Karla AuburnUniversity,HumanResources 334.844.4183 [email protected]

Ostrowski,Stephanie

AuburnUniversity,CollegeofVeterinaryMedicine


Ramsey,Jeff CityofAuburn,PublicWorks 334.501.3000 [email protected]

Smith,MargaretAuburnUniversity,FacilitiesManagement 334.703.2359 [email protected]

Steele,Jeff AuburnUniversity,Athletics 334.750.3129 [email protected]

Tennant,Andy AuburnUniversity,JCSMuseum


Wallace,Chris LeeCountySheriff'sOffice 334.737.7182 [email protected]

Weiss,DeborahAuburnUniversity,InternationalPrograms 334.748.8731 [email protected]

Table1

B.3 MeetingDocumentationThissub‐sectioncontainsthedocumentationfromtheAdvisoryCommitteemeetingsheldduringthedevelopmentofthisPlan.Meeting#1(October08,2015)



Meeting#2(October29,2015)



Meeting#3(December01,2015)



B.4 MeetingPresentationsIfrequested,copiesofthepresentationsusedtofacilitatetheAdvisoryCommitteemeetingscanbeprovided.CopiesofeachpresentationwereprovidedtotheAdvisoryCommitteeaftereachmeeting.

AuburnUniversityAppendixC:PublicandCommunityParticipation

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan–APADRAFT–06.20.16–PageC‐1

AppendixCPublicandCommunityParticipation


C.1 OverviewC.2 PublicParticipationC.3 ExternalStakeholderParticipation

C.1 OverviewThissub‐sectioncontaindiscussionanddocumentationoftheprocessesbywhichthepublicwasinvolvedinthedevelopmentofthisPlan.Thisdocumentation,whilenotavailableduringthedraftingoftheplan,willbeaddedtothisappendixaftertheapprovalstakeplace.

C.2 PublicParticipationInaccordancewiththerequirementsof44CFR,part201,theAdvisoryCommitteemadethedraftplanavailabletothepublicandtheUniversitycommunityforreviewandcomment.ThedraftwasmadeavailablethroughtheUniversity’swebsite,andtheemailaddressoftheplandevelopmentconsultantwasmadeavailableinthesameposting.AllcommentsandsuggestionsreceivedwereconsideredanddiscussedbytheAdvisoryCommitteepriortoapprovalofthefinalplandocument.OncethedraftwasreviewedbyAEMAandFEMA,andpriortotheAdvisoryCommitteerecommendingthatthefinaldraftbeapprovedbytheUniversityPresident,thefinaldraftwasmadeavailable,tothesamegroupviathesamemethod.Allcommentsandsuggestionsreceivedwereconsideredanddiscussed,priortosubmissionofthefinalplandocumenttotheUniversityPresidentforreviewandapproval.ThedraftPlanwasavailablefromthefollowinglocationfromMarch03,2016throughApril15,2016:http://www.auburn.edu/administration/public_safety/emergency/policies.htmlNocommentswerereceivedduringthis45daypostingperiod.



{Documentationanddetailsofthefinalpubliccommentperiodwillbeaddedoncethatactionoccurs.}



C.3 ExternalStakeholderParticipationInaccordancewiththerequirementsof44CFR,part201,notallmembersoftheAdvisoryCommitteewereUniversityfacultyandstaff.Representativesfromthefollowingorganizationsandentitieswereinvitedtoparticipateintheupdateprocess,ortoreviewandcommentuponthedraftsoftheplan:

AlabamaDepartmentofTransportation EastAlabamaEmergencyMedicalService LeeCountyEmergencyManagementAgency LeeCountySheriff’sOffice CityofAuburn,PoliceDivision CityofAuburn,FireDivision

AuburnUniversityAppendixD:TabularData

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan–APADRAFT–06.20.16–PageD‐1

AppendixDTabularData


D.1 AssetData

D.1 AssetDataThisassetdatawasprovidedbyAuburnUniversity,andwasusedinthedevelopmentofthehazardidentificationandriskassessmentandthemitigationstrategyfoundinthisPlan.

AssetData

FID DescriptionAuburnUniversityCriticalAsset

AssetTypeSFHA100Year

SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

0 M1101 <Null> Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

1 N1101 <Null> Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>


<Null>


<Null>


<Null>

5 N1002 <Null> HousingNo

No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues


<Null>


<Null>

8 J0804FacilitiesDivisionTrailer4

Administration No No NoNon‐burnable

$100,161



$100,161

10 J0904 <Null> Support No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>



$530,126

12 J0803FacilitiesDivision5


$3,897,710



$2,574,384


Support No No NoNon‐burnable

$1,650,808

15 J0807 <Null> Storage No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

16 J0703Greenhouse(FacilitiesDivision)

Animal/Crop No No No VeryLow $749,991

17 J0706Greenhouse(FacilitiesDivision)

Animal/Crop No No No VeryLow $158,474

18 J0705 <Null> Storage No No No VeryLow <Null>


Support No No No VeryLow $1,454,243



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues


Administration No No No VeryLow $10,179,024

21 K07013‐DArtsStudioBuilding

Education No No No VeryLow $8,021,431

22 K0702FacilitiesDivision6

Administration No No No VeryLow $2,821,395

23 K0703 GasTankStorage Storage No No NoNon‐burnable

$28,997

24 L0801 BeeLaboratory Research No No NoNon‐burnable

$942,737

25 L0804AviaryResearchLaboratory1

Research No No NoNon‐burnable

$783,812


<Null>


<Null>


<Null>

29 N0801MooreSoftballComplex&Pressbox

Athletics No No YesNon‐burnable

$3,907,288

30 P0801McWhorterCenter

Athletics No No Yes Low $10,781,920

31 Q0902 <Null> Support No No Yes Low <Null>

32 P0901IntramuralFieldHouse

Athletics No No Yes Low $891,542

33 Q0901 <Null> Athletics No No Yes Low <Null>

34 Q1002 <Null> Athletics No No Yes VeryLow <Null>

35 R1001AgHeritageRark:LowderRedBarn

Animal/Crop No No Yes VeryLow $2,080,347



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

36 R0901AgHeritagePark:HerdsmanHouse

Housing No No Yes VeryLow $333,862

37 S0905AgHeritagePark:Dairy

Animal/Crop No No Yes VeryLow $1,593,171

38 S0907AthleticsVideoServicesBldg

Support No No YesNon‐burnable

$2,108,218

39 S0903 <Null> Research No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

40 S0904 <Null> Shop No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

41 T0902 <Null> Support No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

42 U0911 <Null> Research No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

43 T0903 <Null> Research No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>


<Null>

45 U0915 <Null> Support No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

46 U0918PatersonGreenhouse5

Animal/Crop No No YesNon‐burnable

$623,501



$606,873

48 U0904 HeaderHouse#2 Education No No YesNon‐burnable

$498,829


Animal/Crop No No Yes VeryLow $603,168

50 U0917PatersonEnvironmentalChamber

Education No No Yes VeryLow $130,473



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

51 U0906PatersonStorage&Refrigeration

Storage No No Yes VeryLow $1,032,822

52 U0921PatersonRetractableGreenhouse


53 U0907 <Null> Animal/Crop No No Yes VeryLow <Null>



55 U0909PatersonGreenhouseBoiler








59 U0916PatersonPesticideStorageBldg

Storage No No Yes VeryLow $99,069

60 U0920PatersonHammerMill

Support No No Yes VeryLow $44,028

61 U1006PatersonStorageBuilding

Storage No No Yes VeryLow $673,388

62 U1004PatersonPotting/MixingShed



<Null>


<Null>

65 T1001 <Null> Research Yes No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

66 U1005ForestryandWildlifeSciences

Education No No Yes VeryLow $36,299,270

67 T1202 <Null> Research No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

68 U1101HotWaterPlant1

Utility No No No VeryLow $3,199,670

69 U1203 MedicalClinic MedicalFacility No No No VeryLow $13,512,501

70 W1101 <Null> Education No No No Moderate <Null>

71 V1105ParkingDeck,SouthQuad

Parking No No No VeryLow $14,438,433

72 W1102InformationTechnologyBuilding

IT No No NoNon‐burnable

$16,288,111

73 X1001DavisArboretumStorage

Storage No No NoNon‐burnable

$12,392

74 W1009 <Null> Education No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

75 X0901DavisArboretumPavilion

Support No No Yes Low $436,809

76 Y0901 <Null> Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>


<Null>


<Null>

79 Y0801 <Null> Parking No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

80 V0905LeischuckResidenceHall

Housing No No Yes VeryLow $9,575,466

81 V0904 <Null> Housing No No Yes VeryLow <Null>

82 W0902BoydResidenceHall

Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

$19,132,078



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

83 W0901KnappResidenceHall


$11,121,135

84 V0903DowellResidenceHall

Housing No No Yes VeryLow $11,081,335

85 V0902 <Null> FoodService No No Yes VeryLow <Null>

86 W0903 MResidenceHall Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

$9,627,705

87 W0803HollifieldResidenceHall


$9,231,399

88 W0804DuncanResidenceHall


$9,317,383

89 W0802 BurtonHall Administration No No YesNon‐burnable

$5,395,931

90 V0805 <Null> Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

91 V0901GravesResidenceHall


$10,957,055

92 V0804DunnResidenceHall


$9,418,820

93 V0803DobbsResidenceHall


$9,320,463

94 W0805 GorrieCenter Education No No YesNon‐burnable

$12,309,281

95 W0801 <Null> Education No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

96 X0705 <Null> StudentServices No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

97 X0708BiologicalResearchFacility

Research No No YesNon‐burnable

$5,096,924

98 Y0709 <Null> Education No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

99 X0702 <Null> Research No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

100 Y0701 FunchessHall Education No No YesNon‐burnable

$51,364,983

101 X0601 ComerHall Education No No YesNon‐burnable

$13,869,360

102 X0701 CorleyBuilding Education No No YesNon‐burnable

$7,720,495

103 W0702BERL‐BiologicalEngRsrchLab

Education No No YesNon‐burnable

$7,488,414

104 W0708ChemistryBuilding


$24,989,989

105 W0602GlennResidenceHall


$7,819,402

106 W0604 ExtensionHall Extension No No YesNon‐burnable

$5,570,382

107 W0610 <Null> Research No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

108 W0608 <Null> Education No No Yes Low <Null>

109 W0609 <Null> Education No No Yes Low <Null>

110 V0602 ParkerHall Housing No No Yes Low $29,517,452

111 V0603AllisonLaboratory

Research No No Yes Low $11,370,339

112 V0704DudleyCommons

Administration No No YesNon‐burnable

$7,495,443

113 V0702 DudleyHall Education No No YesNon‐burnable

$19,168,327

114 W0707 DudleyShop Shop No No YesNon‐burnable

$697,908

115 V0802 GoodwinHall Education No No YesNon‐burnable

$17,030,718



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

116 V0801 PeetTheatre Education No No YesNon‐burnable

$21,132,734

117 U0802 <Null> Storage No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>



$610,216

119 U0803 GravesCottage Administration No No YesNon‐burnable

$379,219

120 U0801LeachScienceCenter


$22,555,420

121 U0702 <Null> Utility No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

122 U0701ChilledWaterPlant2

Utility No No YesNon‐burnable

$3,504,505

123 U0603ParkingDeck,CampusGreen

Parking No No YesNon‐burnable

$15,345,705

124 T0604PlainsmanPark:RehabCenter


$3,941,441

125 T0603PlainsmanPark:SamfordStadium


$12,383,867

126 T0804 <Null> Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

127 S0802LowderStudentAthleteDevCent.


128 R0804IndoorPracticeFacility


129 S0801AthleticsComplex

Administration No No Yes Low $30,157,901

130 R0803 <Null> Athletics No No Yes Low <Null>

131 S0701ParkingDeck,SouthDonahue

Parking No No Yes Low $12,638,461



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

132 T0701 <Null> FoodService No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

133 Q0701HutsellFieldHouse(OLD)

Athletics No No Yes Low $316,632

134 Q0704 <Null> StudentService No No Yes Low <Null>

135 Q0702 <Null> Storage No No Yes Low <Null>

136 N0601 <Null> Support No No No Low <Null>

137 N0602 <Null> Utility No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

138 Q0610 <Null> Support No No No Low <Null>

139 R0601 <Null> StudentService No No No Low <Null>

140 R0602MartinAquaticsCenter


$23,198,700

141 R0701 BeardCourts Athletics No No Yes Low $3,543,403

142 S0601Beard‐EavesMemorialColiseum


$108,830,174

143 T0501Jordan‐HareStadium

Athletics No No No Low $289,558,857

144 R0101 <Null> Housing No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

145 M0503ImpoundLotGuardShack

Support No No NoNon‐burnable

$19,507

146 F0401 <Null> Storage Yes No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

147 G0401 <Null> Support No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

148 K0501 FieldLabTrailer Support No No No Low $441,845

149 L0502BandFieldPavilion

Support No No No VeryLow $1,419,459

150 M0403DraughonVillageOffice

StudentService No No No Low $815,352



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

151 M0404DraughonVillageShop

Shop No No No Low $642,149

152 M0401DraughonVillageLaundry

StudentService No No No Low $500,863

153 P0302 <Null> Housing No No No Low <Null>

154 N0301 <Null> Housing No No No Low <Null>


156 M0304DraughonVillageHemlockDr103

StudentService No No No Low $1,864,715

157 L0201 <Null> Housing No No No Low <Null>

158 M0205 <Null> Housing No No No Low <Null>








166 R0201 <Null> PublicSafety No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

167 S0201 <Null> Education No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

168 T0401 DawsonBuilding Research No No No Low $1,811,616

169 T0303Greenhouse(CaryHall)

Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

$146,624

170 T0302 CaryHall Education No No NoNon‐burnable

$8,463,360

171 T0301FoodServiceBuilding

FoodService No No NoNon‐burnable

$5,442,564

172 T0202 LowderHall Education No No NoNon‐burnable

$52,087,989



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

173 U0302 MillerHall Education No No NoNon‐burnable

$8,087,587

174 U0303 <Null> Education No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

175 U0401 PetrieHall Education No No No Low $7,256,271

176 V0504 <Null> StudentService No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

177 V0601OwenResidenceHall

Housing No No Yes Low $7,405,830

178 V0501KellerResidenceHall


$7,439,287

179 W0505LaneResidenceHall


$7,584,528

180 W0601LuptonResidenceHall

Housing No No Yes Low $7,555,698

182 W0506DowdellResidenceHall


$9,396,655

183 X0504ParkingDeck,DraughonLibrary

Parking No No YesNon‐burnable

$9,153,784

184 X0501 <Null> Education No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

185 X0402DraughonLibrary

Library No No YesNon‐burnable

$118,034,789

186 W0405Marriage&FamilyTherapyCenter

StudentServices No No NoNon‐burnable

$1,020,585

187 W0501ChildrenYouth&FamiliesCenter


$1,573,629

188 W0502 <Null> Housing No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

189 W0504 <Null> FoodService No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

190 W0503BrounResidenceHall


$8,175,515

191 W0404HarperResidenceHall

Housing No No NoNon‐burnable

$6,665,974

192 W0403 CaterHall Administration No No NoNon‐burnable

$2,417,539

193 X0401 MartinHall Administration No No NoNon‐burnable

$11,849,986

194 W0402LittleResidenceHall


$8,176,305

195 W0401EarlyLearningCenter

Childcare No No NoNon‐burnable

$2,041,719

196 V0401 HaleyCenter Education No No NoNon‐burnable

$130,939,838

197 V0303 <Null> Education No No No Low <Null>

198 W0302 <Null> Education No No No Low <Null>


<Null>


<Null>

201 V0302 BrounHall Education No No No Low $32,830,654

202 V0305 <Null> Education No No No Low <Null>

203 W0303 LBuilding Support No No No Low $11,652,365

204 W0304EngineeringShop3

Shop No No No Low $4,789,727



206 W0203ChilledWaterPlant1

Utility No No No Low $1,900,568



208 W0201 <Null> Education No No No Low <Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

209 V0101 <Null> Housing No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

210 W0207 <Null> Housing No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

211 W0301 FoyHall Education No No No Low $39,622,541

212 W0205 <Null> Research No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

213 W0202 <Null> Education No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

214 X0304 <Null> Administration No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

215 X0303 <Null> Education No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

216 X0302 LangdonAnnex Administration No No NoNon‐burnable

$3,078,982

217 X0305LangdonSteamPlant

Utility No No NoNon‐burnable

$734,482

218 X0301 LangdonHall Administration No No NoNon‐burnable

$3,972,108

219 X0203 HarbertCenter Education No No NoNon‐burnable

$15,669,702

220 X0204 DavisHall Education No No NoNon‐burnable

$24,049,485

221 Y0202 HargisHall Education No No NoNon‐burnable

$3,234,468

222 Y0201 BigginHall Education No No NoNon‐burnable

$18,422,008

223 A0015 <Null> Extension No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>


<Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

225 Y0602 AlumniCenter Administration No No YesNon‐burnable

$16,001,608


<Null>

227 Y0401Hotel/DixonConferenceCenter


$49,994,241

228 Z0401 <Null> Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

229 Y0304 Chapel StudentServices No No NoNon‐burnable

$1,044,857

230 Y0302 <Null> Research No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

231 Y0301 IngramHall Administration No No NoNon‐burnable

$7,160,415

232 R0603 <Null> StudentService No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

233 Q0609KinesiologyBuilding

Education No No No Low $22,006,407

234 P0505DraughonVillageExt‐BldgE

Housing No No No Low $7,024,178

235 P0506DraughonVillageExt‐BldgD


236 P0501DraughonVillageExt‐ServBldg

FoodService No No No Low $1,641,613

237 P0504DraughonVillageExt‐BldgF


$7,104,749

238 P0507DraughonVillageExt‐BldgC


239 P0502DraughonVillageExt‐BldgA


$6,148,977

240 P0503DraughonVillageExt‐BldgB


$7,989,103



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

241 P0401DraughonVillageUtilitiesPlant

Utility Yes No No Low $857,660

242 P0402DistrictEnergyPlant

Utility No No NoNon‐burnable

$13,765,349

243 R0404 AuburnArena Athletics No No NoNon‐burnable

$82,081,018

244 R0502MagnoliaResidenceHall


$33,380,559

245 R0401OakResidenceHall


$34,112,655

246 Q0404 <Null> Housing No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

247 Q0405PlainsmanResidenceHall


$19,130,564


<Null>

249 R0302CommunityRoomBuilding


$620,159

250 Q0301MailroomBuilding


$649,774


<Null>

252 R0402EagleResidenceHall


$18,175,892

253 R0403AubieResidenceHall


$33,878,891

254 S0304 NicholsCenter Education No No NoNon‐burnable

$10,055,901

255 S0409 <Null> FoodService No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

256 S0407 <Null> Education No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

257 L0805AviaryResearchLaboratory2


$412,896

258 L0901 <Null> Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

259 A0012 <Null> Extension No No No VeryLow <Null>

260 A0008 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No VeryLow <Null>

261 M2201 <Null> Storage No No No VeryLow <Null>

262 M2302 Office,TurfGras Administration No No No Low $178,203

263 J1101 <Null> Housing No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

264 C0803 <Null> Education No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

265 C0802 <Null> MedicalFacility No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

266 C0801 <Null> MedicalFacility No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

267 D0801 <Null> Support No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

268 F0901 <Null> Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

269 F1006 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Low <Null>

270 E1001 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Low <Null>

271 E1004 <Null> Storage No No No Low <Null>

272 E1002 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Low <Null>

273 F1005 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Low <Null>

274 F1001 <Null> Animal/Crop No No Yes Low <Null>


276 F1004Barn,AssistedReproductiveTech

Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $557,280

277 E1105 <Null> Animal/Crop No No Yes Low <Null>




AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues


280 F1104 <Null> Research No No Yes Low <Null>

281 F1102 <Null> Research No No Yes Low <Null>

282 E1102 <Null> Research No No Yes Low <Null>

283 E1104 <Null> Storage No No Yes Low <Null>

284 E1101IsolationBldg2(Veterinary)

Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $1,282,777

285 E1103 <Null> Research No No Yes Low <Null>

286 F1204 <Null> FederalAsset No No Yes Moderate <Null>

287 F1205 <Null> FederalAsset No No Yes Moderate <Null>

288 F1306 <Null> FederalAsset No No Yes Low <Null>






294 G1201 <Null> FederalAsset No No Yes Low <Null>




298 G1302 <Null> FederalAsset No No Yes Low <Null>


300 G1301 <Null> Research Yes No Yes Low <Null>

301 E1108 <Null> Research No No Yes Moderate <Null>

302 D1204EquineReproductionCenter


$1,152,626

303 D1201Goodwin‐AdamsEquineVeterinary


$1,270,968



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

304 D1202HardawayBroodmareFacility


$1,571,751

305 E1203ChilledWaterPlant3

Utility No No Yes Moderate $1,758,604

306 E1201 <Null> Research No No Yes Moderate <Null>

307 E1309BonePrepBuilding

Support No No Yes Moderate $30,780

308 E1308 CVMBuildingB2 Animal/Crop No No Yes Moderate $1,113,900

309 E1307 CVMBuildingB1 Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $1,113,900

310 E1304 CVMBuildingA Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $1,205,103

311 D1308 CVMBuildingG Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $1,601,012

312 D1304 CVMBuildingF Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $1,241,842

313 D1307 CVMBuildingE Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $1,540,632

314 D1306 CVMBuildingD Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $773,770

315 D1305 CVMBuildingC Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $773,770

316 D1303CVMMultipurposeBuilding


317 D1310HotWaterPlant2

Utility No No YesNon‐burnable

$2,400,455

318 D1309 Incinerator Support No No YesNon‐burnable

$702,071

319 E1306GreeneHallAnnex


320 E1402 GreeneHall Education No No Yes Low $41,586,748

321 E1401 HoerleinHall Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $14,552,080

322 D1406 Kennel Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $2,551,872

323 E1405 <Null> StudentServices No No Yes Low <Null>

324 E1506BaileySmallAnimalTeachingHos

Education No No Yes Low $68,187,302



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

325 E1406LinearAcceleratorLaboratory

Research No No Yes Low $655,349

326 D1402 <Null> Animal/Crop No No Yes Low <Null>

327 D1401 <Null> Research No No Yes Low <Null>

328 D1407 <Null> Animal/Crop No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

329 D1414EquineResearchLabBuilding


$1,982,989

330 C1302 HayBarn Animal/Crop No No YesNon‐burnable

$1,965,604

331 D1410FarmMaintenanceShop

Storage No No YesNon‐burnable

$993,805

332 D1413LargeAnimalIsolationFacility


$916,873

333 D1512GriffinBarn‐Equine

Animal/Crop No No Yes Low $1,232,200

334 D1513KentuckyVMABarn‐Equine


$1,552,147

335 K1410Lambert‐PowellMeatsLaboratory


336 K1411 <Null> Education No No No Low <Null>

337 G1401 <Null> Research No No Yes Low <Null>

338 F1401 <Null> Education No No Yes Low <Null>

339 D1510BartlettLamenessArena


340 D1514 <Null> Education No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

341 C1501CarsonBarn‐BeefReceiving


$3,121,135



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

342 D1511 <Null> Education No No Yes Low <Null>

343 C1502McClaryBarn‐DairyHospital


$1,482,248

344 C1503 <Null> Animal/Crop No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>

345 D1601 <Null> Housing No No No Low <Null>

346 J1702Office,(ADS)/MainFeedBldg

Administration No No No VeryLow $359,949

347 J1701BullTestingFacility

Animal/Crop No No No VeryLow $2,932,278

348 H1701 <Null> Education No No No VeryLow <Null>

349 G1801Announcer'sBox,Arena

Support No No No Low $33,496

350 F1802 <Null> Athletics No No No Low <Null>

351 F1801Barn,Horse&Sheep


$2,085,265

352 K1802 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Moderate <Null>

353 K1801 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Moderate <Null>

354 J1801 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Moderate <Null>

355 J1802 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Moderate <Null>

356 J1902GestationHouse2


$398,677

357 J1901GestationHouse1


$200,208

358 J1905 <Null> Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

359 J1904 <Null> Storage No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

360 K1909 <Null> Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

361 K1907 <Null> Research No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

362 K1908 <Null> Research No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

363 K1906 <Null> Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

364 J2002 <Null> Support No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

365 J2003 BioresourceLab Research No No NoNon‐burnable

$557,273

366 N1904 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Low <Null>


368 N1907 <Null> Research No No No Low <Null>


370 N1905 <Null> Storage No No No Low <Null>

371 P1907 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Low <Null>

372 P1908 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Low <Null>

373 P1904 <Null> Research No No No Low <Null>

374 P1903 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Moderate <Null>




378 P1905 <Null> Research No No No Moderate <Null>


380 N1903 <Null> Research No No No Moderate <Null>



383 N1802 <Null> Animal/Crop No No No Moderate <Null>

384 N1803 <Null> Storage No No No Moderate <Null>

385 N1801 <Null> Athletics No No No Moderate <Null>

386 M1802 <Null> Research No No No VeryLow <Null>


388 M1801 <Null> Shop No No No VeryLow <Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

389 M1806 <Null> Research No No No VeryLow <Null>


391 M1811ACESStorageBuilding

Storage No No No VeryLow $832,925

392 M1706Environ.Health&SafetyBld2

Storage No No No VeryLow $212,800


Storage No No No VeryLow $1,267,411


Storage No No NoNon‐burnable

$185,413

395 M1601PesticideStorageMain


$244,411

396 M1608PesticideStorage1


$535,092



$535,092



$535,092

399 U1703 <Null> Research No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>


<Null>

401 U1613 <Null> Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>


<Null>

403 V1602 <Null> Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

404 V1604 Greenhouse Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

$334,665

405 U1609 Greenhouse Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

$322,485



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues


$322,485


$322,485


$291,540

409 U1606PesticideResearchLaboratory


$2,434,443

410 U1616 Greenhouse1 Animal/Crop No No NoNon‐burnable

$464,400

411 U1602FahbeatoxicResearchLaboratory


$1,480,228


<Null>

413 T1701CropImprovementAssoc.Bld.


$3,158,357

414 S1704 <Null> Research No No No Moderate <Null>




418 R1702CASICSupportingBuilding

Support No No No Moderate $1,202,714

419 Q1701 <Null> Research No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

420 R1701 HubbardCASIC Education No No No Moderate $26,690,608

421 Q1702MRIResearchFacility

Research No No No Moderate $13,695,721



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues

422 S1602ForestProductsLaboratory

Research No No No Moderate $4,772,635

423 S1603 <Null> Storage No No No Moderate <Null>

424 S1601 <Null> Support No No No Moderate <Null>

425 U1502PlantScienceResearchCenter


$3,626,215


<Null>


<Null>


<Null>

429 T1601AlfaAgriculturalBuilding


$7,732,005

430 T1401 <Null> Research No No No VeryLow <Null>

431 S1401 <Null>IndependentCollege

No No No VeryLow <Null>

432 V1601Laboratory,Incubation

Research No No No Low $377,879

433 V1503Laboratory,Coccidiosis

Research No No No Low $245,941

434 X1501 <Null> Museum No No NoNon‐burnable

<Null>

435 V1504 Isolets(Poultry) Research No No NoNon‐burnable

$227,899

436 V1502 <Null> Research No No No Low <Null>

437 V1403 <Null> FederalAsset No No No Low <Null>

438 S1103AgHeritageParkPavilion

Support No No YesNon‐burnable

$1,166,186

439 S1102 <Null> Animal/Crop No No YesNon‐burnable

<Null>



AssetData



SFHA500Year

TornadoScenario

WFPClass

AssetValues


<Null>


<Null>


<Null>

443 V1501Laboratory,Avian

Research No No No Low $1,769,125



<Null>

AuburnUniversityAppendixE:BusinessImpactAnalysis

DisasterResistantUniversityHazardMitigationPlan–APADRAFT–06.20.16–PageE‐1

AppendixEBusinessImpactAnalysis


E.1 OverviewE.2 DocumentationUsedforAnalysis

E.1 OverviewThissub‐sectioncontainstherawdocumentationgatheredanddevelopedduringtheinterviewanddevelopmentprocessfortheBIA.Thepointofcontactforeachdepartmentinterviewed,aswellasthedateoftheinterview,islistedinTable1(below).


AlumniAffairs November11,2014 DwayneBrownAssistantVicePresident

Athletics October28,2015 JeffSteeleAssociateAthleticDirector,Facilities

CollegeofAgriculture October20,2015 RobertHensarlingDirector,AgLand&ResourceManagement

CollegeofVeterinaryMedicine

November05,2015 JoeLewisFacilitiesProgramManagerII

JuleCollinsSmithMuseumofFineArt

October27,2015MarilynLauferAndyTennant

DirectorAssistantDirector

OfficeofCommunicationsandMarketing

November06,2015 MikeClardyDirector,UniversityCommunicationsServices

OfficeofInformationTechnology

November10,2015 JohnHelmsDirector,InformationTechnology

UniversityHousing&ResidenceLife

November25,2015 Dr.KevinHoultDirector,UniversityHousing&ResidentialLife

AuburnFireDivision October20,2015 MattJordan BattalionChief

MedicalClinic November03,2015 Dr.FredKamMedicalDirector,EastAlabamaMedicalCenter

Table1



E.2 DocumentationUsedforAnalysisAlumniAffairsAlumniAffairs,BIAInterview,11/4/15@1:00pmDwayneBrownNotes:

1. AlumniAffairsisheavilyinvolvedinAuburnUniversity.TheyareresponsibleforconnectingwithAlumniandpromotingevents/fundraisersonayearlybasis.AAisallencompassinginengagingalumni.

2. ShouldaneventoccurandAAwasnotfunctionalforweek/month–therewouldbenoeffectontheUniversitybecauseworkcancontinueremotely.IfAAbuildingislost,however,itwouldbeahugeimpactontheUniversity.

3. AAhousesEaglesstatuesthataredonatedartwork.The2ndfloorhasoldbooks.4. Therewouldbeasubstantiallossifmagazinecouldnotbeproduced.5. Files:Currentlyhavepaperfilesonfirstfloor.Therearenoplanstoupdatetoelectronic

filesatthistime.Amirroredserverisalsolocatedonthefirstfloor.6. Campaigngoalis$9.83milliondollars.Annualandlifemembershipcontributionsprovide

foroperatingfundsandscholarships.7. AuburnUniversityOfficeofDevelopmentoccupies70%ofbuildingoftheAAbuilding.

(ShouldspeakwithKarenMcCauley,AVPforDevelopmenttoseewhatimpactswouldbefortheirarea.)

8. Firstfloorcontainsdatabase/recordsforentireuniversity:dataonalumni,athletics.RecordsDepartmentisalsolocatedonfirstfloor.Mostfiles/recordsarebacked‐up.Theyarecurrentlyintheprocessofscanningpaperfiles.ThealumnidonordatabasesoftwareprogramthatmaintainsalldonorrecordsiscalledAdvance.ThereisaseparatewrittendisasterrecoveryplaninplaceforthisprogramandallhardwarethatisadministeredbytheAuburnUniversityOfficeofAlumniandDevelopmentSupportServices.

9. AAeventsgeneratesanestimatedaminimumof$158,000peryearor$13,000permonth.10. Contractors/Vendors:LanePressiscontractedtoAAforalltheirprintingneeds.Lane

Presshasasecondarylocation(shouldadisasterhit),therefore,AAwouldnotloseproductiontimes.

11. Thereisnotimethatwouldbeworseforadisasterthanothers–AAisbusyyearround.12. Large‐scalefunctionsareheldatAAbuilding.Ifdisastereventhappens,therewouldnotbe

aback‐upfacility.13. AAispartofthreadthatholdsuniversitytogether.BrandingisabigpartoftheUniversity.14. AAdoesnothavegeneratoronbuilding.Iftheylosepower,theylosetheabilitytofunction

–serverwouldgodownandtheywouldnotbeabletocommunicatewithotherservers.



15. AAbuildingcouldbedesignatedasashelter.IthasanADdefibrillator,2showers,roomforcots(upto200),has10restrooms,andparkinglotcouldbeusedasstagingarea(1.6acres).

16. Mostcomputersareleases(AUleased).



AthleticsAthleticsBIAInterview‐10/28/2015@1:00JeffSteele,AthleticsNotes:

1. AuburnUniversityAthleticsgeneratesalargeamountofincomefortheUniversity.IfadisasterwastooccurandtheAthleticsDepartmentcouldnotoperate,therewouldbeasizeablefinancialimpactontheUniversity.Basically,theUniversitycouldnotfunctionwithoutAthletics.

2. DepartmentofAthleticsprovidescompetitionfortheUniversityandrepresentstheUniversityintheNCAA/SEC.Athleticsarethe“frontporch”ofpublicimage.AlargeportionofstudentsattendtheUniversityfortheirAthleticPrograms:football,tennis,softball,track,bassfishing,golf,basketball,gymnastics–thereareatotalof23sports.

3. Systemsofimportance:business/finance,studentathletesreceivescholarshipsthatneedtobeprocessed,housingandfood/diningprogramsarealsoprovidedfortheathletesandthefinancialprocessingforhousing/diningneedstobeprocessed.AthleticsDepartmenthastheirownbusiness/financeofficeandprocessingispartoftheday‐to‐dayoperations.Theseoperationswouldhavetocontinuedaily.

4. TheAthleticDepartmentsupportsathletichousingandhasastateoftheartfacility,S.DonohueResidenceHall.Thisisafairlynewhousingforathletesonly.ThedininghallisacrossthestreetfromtheResidenceHallandisoperatedbytheUniversity;however,Athleticsfootsthebill.Thereare200studentsattheAthletesresidencehalls;20‐25staffatdininghall.TheUniversityhasacontractwithafoodvendor.Thefoodisupscale,allyoucaneat,providingspecificmenusforathletes,anditisahigherpricedmeal.Athleticspaysthedeltaoutofoperatingbudgetforthehigherpricedmeals.

5. ShouldtheResidenceHallbedamagedandstudentsneededtoberelocated,thereareapproximately200thatwouldbeimpacted.TheUniversityhasinsurancepoliciesinplaceincaseahomefootballgamecannotbeplayed,theUniversitywillbereimbursedforlosses.

6. TheAthleticDepartmenthasitsownbusinessoffice,anditsownacademicunit.AthleticsDepartmentisresponsiblefor15Universitybuildings.Only2ofthe15buildingsarelocatedoffcampus:golfandtennisfacilities.TheGolffacilityisauniversityfacility;thetennisfacilitywasbuiltinpartnershipwithCityofAuburn;theCityownsthetennisfacility.Golfandtennisfacilitiesarenexttoariverinfloodplain.

7. Possiblemitigationprojects:dryfloodproofingontheOlympiccenter;ithasfloodedtwicein11years;possibledryfloodproofingontheMacwharterbuildingaswell,ithasfloodedinthepast(housesoperationscenterforsoftball/gymnasticslockerroom,offices,trainingandequipmentroom).

8. Inadditiontosportingevents,alocaldancegroupalsousesourbuildingsforcommunityprograms.Programsruneverynightoftheyear.Theswimcenterisalsousedbythecommunity,multipleACCchampionshipeventsarehostedintheOlympicfacility.

9. Computerequipment,scanner,ticket‐salestransactionsallgothroughtheUniversitysystem.

10. Shouldaneventoccurandfootballoperationshavetoberelocatedourfinancialimpactswouldbedueto:theneedtotransporttheteam,leaseunits,provideparentpassgates;



musttransportticketstaff,andtransportcomplianceteam,providehotelrooms,logistics,foodandtransportmedicalteam(forfootball).Approximately350peoplewouldneedtobetransportedforfootballoperations.Inaddition,wewouldhaveafinanciallossofrevenueforconcessions.

11. Physicaltrainingandpracticeswouldneedtocontinueandtherewouldbeaneedforspace/fieldstocontinuethesedailyoperations.

12. Sportsmedicalwouldneedtoberelocatedbecauseathletesneedpre/postmedicalattention.

13. Therewouldbeaneedforequipmentinordertocompete.Thecostisapproximately$3500/monthlyforoffsiteequipment.

14. Touseothercollegefacilities,studentsandsupportstaffwouldhavetobetransportedandtherewouldbefinancialimpacts.IfaneventoccursandstudentstransferredoutoftheUniversity,therewouldbeafinanciallosstotheUniversity.

15. Therewouldbeafinanciallossofrevenueduetoanyoutages/floodsonthenorthsideofthestadiumwhereTVcrewsset‐up.LosingthisareawouldcreatehugefinancialimpactsfortheUniversity.

16. Ifgameshavetobeplayedsomewhereelse,thereisafinancialimpactonthecommunityaswell.Thecommunitywouldloseoutonincomefromhotels,restaurants,shopping,etc.

17. ThestadiumhasanewjumboTronwithacostof$13.5million.Donorspayforboxseatsatgameswhichareenclosedwithglass;thereare76glassboxeswhichalsoincludethepressbox.Thepressboxdatesbacktothe1950s.Shouldaneventhappen,thereisapossibilityoflosingdonationsfromdonorsandticketvaluesales.TheDepartmentofAthleticswritesscholarshipstotheUniversityfortheathletesusingdonationsmadetotheAthleticsDepartment.Inaddition,thereare16lawenforcementstaffand170officersthatwouldnotbepaidifadisasterhits.ThestadiumandthenewjumboTronarelightningprotected.

18. WearecontractedwithUnderArmorforequipmentwhichisdeliveredinAugust.Thisisspecializedequipmentwhichisnotavailableanywhereelse(uniforms,helmets,shoes,etc.withAuburnbranding).

19. WealsoarecontractedwithaCleaningcontractorandasecuritycontractor.Someofour15buildingsdonotclose:especiallythetrainingfacility.

20. Wehaveacontractwithaconcessionvendorforsupplyingconcessionfoods.21. Ifthestoragesiteishitbydisaster,therewouldbeanissue.Allequipmentwouldbe

eliminated–equipmentcouldnotbereproducedandbrandingwouldbealoss.Equipmentismadeonceayear.Ourcurrentstoragesiteisaprefabmetalbuilding.Thisbuildinghasthepotentialofbeingdamagedinawind/tornadoevent.

22. CloseststadiumforusewouldprobablybeAtlantaforfootball;ColumbusstateorTroyforbasketball;andBiscuitStadiuminMontgomeryforbaseball.

23. Reporting:NCAAacademic/financialandSEC.Governmentreportingforacademicprogress.Wouldrequirestafftoworkinaremotelocationtocontinuethesereportingresponsibilities.

24. Athleteshavetobeenrolledandtakingclasseseitherphysicallyoronline.

CollegeofAgriculture



AUBURNUNIVERSITY

HAZARDMITIGATIONPLANBUSINESSIMPACTANALYSISQUESTIONNAIRE

October2016Department:_______CollegeofAgriculture________________________________POC/Title:________RobertHensarling_______________________________________________POCphoneandemail:_________________________________________________________________Buildingnameandlocation:_____________________________________________________________No.ofstaff(fulltimeandparttime–Listseparately):___________________________________________ QUESTIONS RESPONSES1. Pleasedescribeindetailyour

department’sfunction/role.

Academicsandresearchonly– doesnothaveamoney‐makingunitforAuburnUniversity.

2. Describeindetailthedepartment’sprocessand/orsystemsthattheUniversitydependsontoperformnormally.Specifyiftheseprocessesareinternallyorexternallyessentialtonormaloperations.

CollegeofAgdependson:IT,power,water.Feedforanimals,refrigeration,transportation.CollegeofAgisnotmission‐criticaltouniversity.Wehaveresearchanimals(livestock)thatdependonus.

3. DescribewhichprocessesorsystemsarethemostessentialtotheUniversityanditsoperations.

Academicandresearchonly.

4. Nameprocessesand/orsystemsthatcanbecompletedonatemporarybasisatanamedrecoverysite/location.

HasownITunitbackedupbyuniversity–alluniversityisonsamebackup.Animalswouldstillneedtobefed/watered.Staffcancontinuetodotheirresearchfromhomeontheirownlaptops.

5. Listkeystaffmembers/positionsthatareessentialduringtemporaryrelocationofdisastereventandtokeepoperationsrunning.

Weprimarilydoresearchandallofthatcanbedonefromhome.



6. Namekeymaterialsneededforprocessesand/orsystemstocontinueoperationduringtemporaryrelocationofdisasterevent.

Computers,phones

7. Identifyyoursuppliers/contractors.

Listanypre‐eventcontractors. Listanystandbycontracts. Listanyothervendors.

None.Weworktogetherwithlocalfarmers,businessesandotherschools.Iftherewasacriticalneed,wewouldallworktogether.

8. Describewhereandhowessentialrecordsaremaintainedforthedepartment.

ITbackup.DuncanHallandComerHall(paperfiles)

9. Providethenumberofcomputersinthedepartment.Laptopsanddesktops.(Inaddition,completeattachedHardwareInventoryList).

Donottrackanythingunder$5,000–noserialnumbers.Willchecktoseeifthereisaninventorylisting.

10. Describesystemsandprocessesusedforcomputer/fileback‐ups.Ifthisisdoneonaregularschedule,pleaseprovidethatschedule.

Daily



11. Foreachdayofdowntime,estimatethenumberofhoursforeachdayitwilltaketoprocessbacklogofwork?

Federalfundingcouldbeimpactedifgrantworkcannotbereported–thiswouldbeattimeswhendeadlinesforgrantsareduewhichvaries.Eachgranthasadifferentamount,purpose,deadline.Agdepartmentwritesgrantinfoandsendstobusinessofficeforcompletion.

12. Specifycriticalbusinessrecordsbyname,typeofdocument,andlocationofdocument(s).

Researchdata,Fundingrequirements,grants– willprovideuswithlisting.

13. Listanyinternal/externalreportingrequirementsneeded.Providereportname,authors,recipients,frequency,anddeliveryrequirements.

Grants,potentialforlong‐termlossongrantsforresearch,ifgrantdeadlinesarenot

14. Listanyitems/materialsthatrequirerefrigerationorspecialhandlingorequipmentneeds.

Refrigerationneededforresearchitems

15. Defineanypotentialrecoveryissuestooperations,timeneededtorecoveryandanyresourcesneededtorecoverfromanydisasterevent.

RecoveryofIT.Researchanimalswouldbeeuthanized.Universityhasbackupalarms.1‐2dayswouldrelocateto67satelliteoffices

16. Describeanypotentialrestorationissuestorestoreoperationsasnormal.

Gettingthingsbackonline:water,electricity,researchlabs,greenhouses.Dependingifsomethingwasvolatile–doesnothaveanythinglikethatinresearch.

17. Explainhowlong(hours/days)thatthedepartmentcouldbeunusablebeforeitslosswouldimpacttheUniversity.

72hours



18. Describeinweeksormonthshowlossofthedepartmentwouldhaveanimpactatcertaintimesthroughouttheyear.

Potentialgrantfundingdependingontimingofthegrant.

19. DescribeanyoperationalimpactsadisastereventorlossofdepartmentwouldhaveontheUniversity,i.e.,studentenrollment,studenttuitionprocessingorcashflow,housing,etc.

20. DescribeanyestimatedfinancialimpactthelossofdepartmentwouldhaveontheUniversitybydays,weeks,months.

Potentialgrantfunding.Lossescouldbesubstantialduetoresearchanimals,euthanizing,disposal.

21. Identifyanyrequiredequipmenttocontinueoperationsduringanevent,i.e,servers,computers,phones,copiers,etc.

Servers,computers,phones,copies,refrigeration,heating/cooling(greenhouse,indoorfisheryacquatics)

22. Onaverage,providethenumberofstudents/visitorsthatutilizeyourdepartmentonadaily/weeklybasis.

Willprovideinformationinafewweeks.



CollegeofVeterinaryMedicineCollegeofVeterinaryMedicineBIAQuestionnaireInterview11/05/15@1:00pmJoeLewisNotes:JoeLewisistheProjectmanager/coordinatorbetweenVetMedandFacilities.

1. WillprovidecompletedBIAQuestionnairelateron.2. Vetmedisalargeandsmallanimalhospital,centerforthebirds,K‐9trainingcenter,labs

thathandlepathogensondiseasesofanimals,breeding(horse)center,isolationcenter,ScottRitcheyresearchcenter(canceronanimals),drugdogs,snakedogs,Clydesdaleresearchcenterwhichiscurrentlyworkingwithfederalgovernmentonresearch(northAuburnlocation).ThisnorthAuburnfacilityhas4in‐groundstormshelters.

3. TheCollegeofVetoperateslikeanormalhospital–ithasanemergencyroomandregularsick/examrooms.(TheyhaveaFEMA361compliantshelter).

4. Thecollegeconsistsof41buildingslocatedonthemaincampus.Includingbarnsandsheds,thereisatotalof76buildings.

5. Bothareteachinghospitals(largeandsmallanimals).Studentshavehands‐onexperience.Universityhasasurgicalsuiteforsmallandlargeanimals.Itcanhouseupto250smallanimals.Thevetschoolhastopofthelineequipment.

6. Incomeoftheschoolcomesfromthepublicbringingtheiranimalstothevetschoolfortreatmentoftheiranimalsandtheypayafee.

7. Lossoffundingduetoshutdownwouldbehuge.(JoeLewiswillprovide$amountsforbeingcloseddownforaweek).Thesmallanimalhospitalhasalotofglasswindowsthatcouldpotentiallybebrokenduringtornadoesand/orstraightlinewinds.Also,OvertonRuddEducationCenterisagreenbuildingthathasalotofthickglass;theglassisnotprotectedbysheathing.

8. Mostofthebuildingshavegenerators.HorsespermbanksarehugeandlossofspermwouldbedevastatingtotheUniversity.Currently,theUniversityisworkingonaprojectwiththeUSgovernmentonhorsespermresearch.

9. Potentialmitigationprojects:a. quick‐connectsfortheresearchfacilities.b. CollegeofVetMedicine’sITdepartmentismovingtothe2ndfloorofHorradHall–

theywillneedgeneratorstoprotectservers.10. VetMedhasitsownITdept.‐theyback‐upthroughOIT.11. Vetmedisopen24/7–itnevershutsdown.Schoolhascontractorsavailablefor

transportinganimals.12. Shouldaneventhappen,animalsinisolationcouldnotbemoved.13. Unsureaboutstatusofpaperfiles,JoeLewiswillchecktoseeifpapercopiesoffileshave

beenscannedin.



MuseumMuseumofFineArtBIAInterview–10/27/15@8:00amMarilynLaufer,DirectorandAndyTennant,AssistantDirectorNotes:

1. Classesarenotheldatmuseum.ThemuseumhoststoursforK‐12groups.LLOIhavelecturesonTuesdaysatmuseum.Studentsdoresearchinthemuseum,writepapers,anditservesasaplaceofcalmforstudentstostudy/relax.

2. Themuseumservesasqualityoflifefortheuniversityandcommunity.3. Thereare2,000objects–(RiskManagementhaslistingofinventoryandsodoesmuseum).

Infoisbackedupintothecloud.AndywillgetinfoforSandraandBobastohowoftenfilesarebacked‐up.

4. Buildingisconcrete/travertineveaner,galvanizedsteelreinforcedbuilding.5. Shouldaneventoccur,day‐to‐dayoperationscouldcontinuebyworkingoffsite.However,

themuseumwouldnotbeservingthepublic.Managingtheartcouldcontinue.6. Thestaffsizefortheartmuseumis17fulltime;3part‐time(regular);also,contracted

securityandmaintenancethroughtheUniversity.Studentworkers18‐20(offandon–specialevents)

7. Andywillprovidelistofvendorsneededtocontinueoperations.8. Files:hardcopyfilesarescannedandareontheserverinadditiontopaperfiles.Letters

thataredeliveredwithartworkneedstobescanned.Ifdocumentsarescannedandbackeduponserver,AUbacksupandalsohasaback‐upserveroffcampus.

9. AULeasecomputerswillbecoveredbytheleasingcompany,sothisisnotanissueforthemuseum.

10. MuseumcomputersmaynotbefullyonAUserverforbackup–Bobwillverify.Museumhasitsownserverandbackupwithanoutsidesource.Andywillprovideuswithnameofcontractorusedforcomputerbackup.

11. Andywillprovideserialnumbersforcomputers.12. Lossoftimewouldbe4hoursbacklogforeach8hourday.Trackingpayroll/accounting

intouniversitysystemwouldbeanessentialtask.13. ThemuseumisnotanessentialdepartmenttotheUniversity.However,forextended

periods,therecouldbesomefinancialimpactsthatwouldcreateaproblem.Alumnianddonorshavedonatedalotofmoneytothemuseum.ItisatouchstonetotheUniversity.Indirectfinancialimpactsfromcommunitywouldalsobeaffected.Thereispotentialfordonationstouniversitybeingaffected.Themuseumreceives$50/$60milliondonationsfromsingleindividuals.

14. Fallwouldbethemostvulnerabletimefordisasterstooccurforthemuseum.15. Summerisalsoaveryhighvolumetime.Themuseumrentsthebuildingforevents:lossof

rentalforweddingeventsinJune,July,Augustisover$100,000peryearinrentalofbuilding.

16. Themuseumcouldshelteralotofpeopleinbuildingduringtornadowatch/warningforashortperiodoftime.

17. Buildingisisolated.Ifthereisaneventonthelawn,peoplewouldhavetomoveintobuildingforsafety.



18. Themuseumoffersformaltoursof5,000peoplewith37,000visitorsannually.Howmuchwouldthisimpacttheoperatingbudget?Caféwouldbeoutofbusiness–potentialloss.Andywillprovideinformation.

19. Shouldtherebedamagetothebuilding,therewouldneedtobetemporarystoragefortheartwork.ThelibrarymaybeapossibilityaswellasotherplacesonUniversitycampus.CollegeofLiberalArtsinMontgomeryorColumbus,GAarealsopossibilities.AndyandBobwillresearch.



MuseumLeasedComputerInventory

Marilyn MacBookPro13” AULease Corei5 C02Q4LXFFVH5Andy DellLatitude14” AULease Corei5 FBJPTY1Kate DellLatitudeE6320laptop JCSM Corei5 9TXP2R1Melaine DellLatitudeE6440laptop AULease Corei5 FMVH062Robbin DellOptiplex745Desktop JCSM Core2Duo 6F936F1Janice DellOptiplex745Desktop JCSM Core2Duo 4F936F1Janice DellLatitudeE6320laptop JCSM Corei5 W922JA00Cindy DellLatitudeE6420laptop JCSM Corei5 33ZMH12Janet MacBookPro17” JCSM Corei7 C02FX0BKDF93Charlotte MacBookPro15” AULease Corei7 C02LG0GHFFT0Haley MacMini JCSM Corei5 C07KL3VHDWYLDebbie DellOptiplex380Desktop JCSM Core2Duo 50R8MM1Andrew DellLatitude14” AULease Corei7 8NG3XY1Scott MacBookAir13” JCSM Corei5 C02JP172DRVCDennis MacbookPro15” AULease Corei7 C07NL271G3QNTodd MacMini AULease Corei5 C07NL3BMG151Mike DellLatitudeE6540laptop AULease Corei7 50XPVZ1Danielle DellLatitudeE6420laptop JCSM Corei5 H0MKKV1FrameShop DellOptiplex745Desktop JCSM Core2Duo 7F936F1Jessica HPPavillionAT489Desktop JCSM Core2Quad 2UA0451DY9RegistrarStudent

DellLatitudeE6420 JCSM Corei5 2SKS2R1

Margaret DellLatitudeE6430laptop JCSM Corei5 CZWKKV1Security HPChromebook14‐SMB JCSM Atom 5CD4362TC0Auditorium DellOptiplexDesktop JCSM Core2Duo G5XYPL1Jessica ToshibaChromebookCB35 JCSM Atom ZE235316CLutron DellInspiron600mlaptop JCSM Pentium4 3Q3JY41Lauren DellLatitude14” JCSM Core2 Duo 2Q4Y5K1GiftShop DellOptiplex9020Desktop JCSM Corei5 8JRWDZ1GiftShop DellOptiplex9020Desktop JCSM Corei5 8JTXDZ1GiftShop DellOptiplex745Desktop JCSM Core2Duo 5F93651GiftShop DellPowerEdgeSC420

ServerJCSM XEON BZFJ961

Dennis DellLatitudeE4310Laptop JCSM Corei5 9Z4K5Q1ITDept DellLatitudeE6510laptop JCSM Corei7 5NBQKN1ITDept DellInspiron1501laptop JCSM CoreDuo 1Z7CG01ITDept Acer1700desktop JCSM AMD64 83701944530ITDept DellLatitudeE6420laptop JCSM Corei5 J1RV5Q1ITDept DellInspiron6000laptop JCSM Pentium4 802QH71ITDept AsusWindowsServer JCSM Corei7 Noserialcustombuild



Museumstafflisting



OfficeofCommunicationsandMarketingBIAQuestionnaireInterviewNotes–11/6/15MikeClardy,Dept.ofCommunications&MarketingNotes:Didnotcompletequestionnaire–willemailtomeandBob.Departmentisdiversified,itconsistsof:creativegroup,mediarelationsandnewsShouldaneventoccur,theback‐upfacilitywillbeahotelconferencecenter;secondaryfacilitywouldbeanywherethereisWiFi.DepartmentmusthaveWiFitocontinueoperations.ThisdepartmentdoesnotgenerateincomefortheUniversity.DepartmentofCommunicationsandMarketingisaserviceoutfit.Theyfunctionasanin‐houseadagency:creativeservices,mediarelationsandnewsunit,video/photo,eventsplanning(graduations,facultyawards,differenteventsthroughouttheyear).Theyprovideanelectronicnewsdigest2xmonth–servicing230,000peoplethrupublicationspermonth.Shouldaneventoccur,thecommunicationssectionofthedepartmentcancarry‐onoperationsfromhome.Theyhandleinternalandexternalcommunicationswhichiscritical.Theycancommunicateandcontinuetooperateusingcellphones/laptops.Ourprimarychoicewouldbeahotel.Wehavediscussedthiswithhotelsinthepastandtheyarefullyonboardinsupportingdepartmentshouldaneventhappen;thehotelhasgeneratorcapability.OCMoperatesoutofSamfordHallwhichisthecampusmainbuilding,thefollowingoperatefromthisbuilding:president,legalcounsel,trademark,vicepresidentofresearch,andinternalauditors.OCMDept.maintainsbottomlevelofbuilding(belowgrade)moataroundbuilding,verywelldrained,nochanceofflooding.SamfordHallhasbeenrebuilttwice.Currently,upperatticroofisbeingreplacedbecauseofage.Haslightningprotectioninstalled.OCMtalkstothepress–theyarethevoiceoftheuniversity.LoosingOCMwouldbedevastatingfortheUniversity.Externalcommunicationsiscritical‐theyrunUniversitywebsite.Usingsocialmedia,theycanreachupto800,000people.Marketingsidecouldbesuspendedforafewdays;theycreate650‐700projectsperyear.IfMarketingwasdownforoneweek,theywouldhavetohirefreelancerstohelpwithworkload.ThecostoffreelancerswouldcomeoutofCampusUnit’sbudget.Staffsize:25/27fulltime.Mikeisnotsureifwork/computersarebacked‐up.Hewillfindouthowtheybackupdocuments.MikewillinquireaboutserverbackupandwillprovideanswerstoSandraandBob.



OCMLeasedComputerInventory

Employee S/N Location CharlesMartin B4L6TZ1 23ESamfordBarbaraBlack 73MHFZ1 23FSamfordCorneliaVann HWX9H02 16BSamfordMikeClardy 5LD9WZ1 23GSamfordJohnWalker D9YTYZ1 16CSamfordPamBrown 76MVP02 23SamfordMaryHuddleston D25N10X2F8JC 11BSamfordJennieHill D25N111BF8JC 11CSamfordAlEiland D25N10X0F8JC 9ASamfordTraceyNewell D25N10X3F8JC 11ASamfordHeatherJackson D25N10RFF8JC 11SamfordSarahPhillips 2Z9PL12 18BSamfordBrockParker 9K8JM12 16ASamfordPamKirby FNGNT12 28BSamfordLucyLaMar 1HQ9K32 23DSamfordTeresaWhitman‐McCall J5Q9K32 7SamfordJimJackson 89Q9K32 29BSamfordKevinFichtner DVR9K32 29ASamfordAmyWeaver FXWHL32 28ASamfordTeresaWhitman‐McCall BYPYM32 7SamfordChrisGreen C02KCZX1DNCR 7SamfordKevinLoden H00150164PD 9SamfordStudent 7510YH1 16SamfordStudent 931P052 16SamfordStudent D25K7DLZDNMM 29SamfordStudent 92QRP52 29SamfordStudent 1N7YB62 7Samford



OCMStaffListingEmployee Title MikeClardy InterimAssistantVP

BarbaraBlack ExecSupportAsstII

DannaBradford AdminSupportAssocII KeithBrewer Supv,AudioVisual‐ConfCtr PamBrown AdminSupportAsstII AlEiland Supv,UnivCreativeSvcs

JeffEtheridge ChiefPhotographer

KevinFichtner BroadcastAssocIII

ChrisGreen CoordII,Campus&CommunityEvents

MikeHales SpecII,Comm&Mktg

JennieHill SpecII,ArtDesign

MaryHuddleston SpecIII,ArtDesign

MelissaHumble PhotographerII

HeatherJackson SpecII,ArtDesign

JimJackson Producer/DirectorIV PamKirby CoordII,UnivCreativeSvcs

LucyLaMar Dir,UnivMktg&CreativeSvcs

KevinLoden SrEditor,UnivPublications CharlesMartin CommunicationsEditorIII

TraceyNewell SpecIII,ArtDesign

MirandaNobles CommunicationsEditorII

BrockParker SpecIII,Multimedia

SarahPhillips CommunicationsEditorI NealiVann SpecII,Comm&Mktg

JohnWalker SpecII,Multimedia

AmyWeaver SpecII,Comm&Mktg TeresaWhitman‐McCall Dir,Campus&CommunityEvents



OfficeofInformationTechnologyBIAInterview@2:30‐4:30pm11/10/15–OIT(OfficeofInformationTechnology)

1. ISDhasageneratorinplace,however,itistorunthedatacenteronly;notentirebuilding.OITiscriticaltouniversity.WithoutOIT,Universitywouldcometoahalt.

2. RecordsKeeping–Offsitebackupwith“Banner”data.BannerisaUniversity‐wideprogram.NotallcriticalfacilitiesoftheUniversityarebacked‐upoffsite.BobaskedthatOITlistthecriticalfacilitiesthatarenotbackedup.

3. OIThasaback‐upgeneratorandaback‐upchilledwatersystem.4. OIThasonesubstationfeedonly.5. OIThasallInternetconnectivity:Towerfacility,Haley(hasaswitchingstation),andall

clinics.Haleyiscriticalbecauseoffiberoptics;only2linescomeintocampus:offcampusconnectivityatHaleyandTower.Lightningprotectionisalreadyonallbuildings.Someoldbuildingsgethitbylightning–JohnHelmswillprovidelistofbuildings.

6. WhatismostvulnerablepositionatOIT?Firstobligationistobeabletocommunicate;BannerisaUniversityIntranetsystemwhichisgoingtotheCloud.Rightnow,everythingisstillhousedoncampus.Theabilitytomaintaincommunicationsisextremelyimportant.Canvasisastudentnetwork.Studentsmustcometocampustoauthentictheircredentialsiftheyforgettheirpassword.TheyhavebeenthinkingofpossiblymovingthistotheCloud,however,indoingsoitcreatescyberrisks.

7. OITdoesnothaveadesignatedback‐upworkareashoulddisasterstrike.CouldpossiblyuseAUMforoffsitestorage(however,atcurrenttime,facilityisnotuptopar).Havetheyconsideredback‐upswithotheruniversities?Yes,theyhavehadsomediscussionsaboutthispossibility.Connectivityisanissue,especiallyforruralareas.Auburnismoreadvancedthanmostuniversities.

8. Howmanykeystaffmemberswouldbeneededtoworkoffsitetokeepoperationsgoing?Thereare130fulltimestaffmembersunderOIT;themajorityofthemcanworkfromhome.LastyearwhentheUniversitywasclosedforthreedays,theHelpDeskwasclosed.TheHelpDeskisaweakness.Currently,theUniversitydoesnothaveproceduresinplaceforavirtualHelpDesk.Thisprojectisbeingconsideredforthefuture.

9. OITbacksuponaregularbasis.10. Teachingwouldnotinterruptincomestream.Eachmonthpaymentscomein,invoicesare

sentout.OITneedstoprocessfinancialaidandpayroll.Payrollhasseveralcycles(weekly,biweekly,monthly,etc.)andisongoing.Wecannotbedownbecauseofpayrollandfinancialaidprocessing.AllofthisisonBanner.TheBannersystemworkswell;ithasbeentestedseveraltimes.Connectivityiscritical.OITmustconnectwithbanksforpayrollandfinancialaidprocessing.

11. OneofOIT’sstruggleisdowntimeformaintenance.Thereneverseemstobeagoodwindowoftime.

12. GulfConnectionsisaservicethatOITiscontractedwith.Theyprovideprofessionalservicesforinfrastructure/cabling,computer/software.



BIAInterviews–ResponsetoAdditionalInformationRequest

OfficeofInformationTechnology,JohnHelms12/8/15

Robert,

Apparently,therewasaFacilitiesprojectafewyearsagothataddressedthegroundingissuesinsomeolderbuildings,solightningisnolongerabigissueforOIT.WehaveUPSgearineachbuildingtoprotectnetworkequipmentagainstpowersurges,brownouts,etc.

Listingofcriticalfacilitiesthatarenotbacked‐up–inwhatwaydoyoumean?

ThereisbackupgeneratorpowerateachofOIT’s“critical”locations.

‐‐John

From:RobertMannSent:Tuesday,December08,201510:23AMTo:JohnHelmsSubject:BIAAssessmentInformation

John,

IfyouhavehadachancetogatherthefollowingBIAassessmentinformation,canyoupleaseemailittomyselfandSandraatSMaxwell@associates.wittobriens.com

Listingofbuildingsthatdonothavelightningprotection.

Listingofcriticalfacilitiesthatarenotbacked‐up.

Thankyou,

RobertA.MannMSMCEM



UniversityHousing&ResidenceLifeBIAInterviews–ResidentialHousing,11/3/15@8:00amNotes:Possiblemitigationprojects:

CambridgeHall–maintenanceneedstobeelevatedtoanotherfloor(300beds). Keyaccesscontrolcanbecontrolledoff‐site–possiblylookathavingcapabilityinstalledon

allstudentroomsforemergencysituations.

Shouldadisasteroccur,theycouldpossiblyrelocatestudentsoff‐sitetohotels/tents.Currently,residencehallsareatcapacity.Also,McWharterGymnasticsfacilityisanoptionforcots/bedsshouldaneventoccur(couldholdupto1,000cots).DepartmentHeadandStaffneedtoexplorepossibilityofhotelsfortemphousing.LossofIncomeforUniversity:ResidenceHallshousesstudents/guestsduringthesummermonthsforspecialprograms–nightlyfeesarechargedandwouldbelossofincomeshouldaneventoccurduringsummermonths.(Staffwillprovideestimateddollaramountsofnightlyfeesloss)Move‐indaywouldbebiggestlossoftime,alotofpeopleoncampus,alotofactivity.Everystudentmovinginbrings1‐5peopleand3‐4cars.Vendorcontracts:ResidenceHallhasacontractwithCDWformaintenance.Wediscussedstorageoffilesandiftheirpaperfileswerebacked‐uporhavebeenscanned.Theywillcheckfilestoseeifessentialfilesareinbasementand/oriftheyhavebeenscanned.Ifadisasteroccurs,90%ofworkismobile;therewouldnotbeabacklogofwork.Reporting:oncepersemester–candofromhome.IfADAcomplianthousingisdamaged–studentsneedtoberelocatedtoanotherADAcompliantfacility.ADAhousingisofferedinmultiplehallsacrosscampus.Universitycansurvivewithouthousing.



CityofAuburn,FireDivisionBIAInterview–10/20/2015,10:00amMattJordan,AuburnFireDivisionNotes:

1. AuburnFireDivisionisanoff‐campusentity.Itislocatedapproximately2blocksfromtheUniversity.



2. TheyaretheinitialresponderstotheUniversity.Ifthereisasignificantfire,theywillcallmutualaidresponders.

3. TheDivisionhasadailyoperatingstaffof21‐30members.Vehiclesconsistof:6apparatustrucks,2laddertrucks,4pumpers,andoneregularlystaffedcommandvehicle,and4‐6additionalstaffvehicles.Theydonothaveanyrescuevehicles.

4. InadditiontotheUniversity,AuburnFireDivisionalsorespondstotheCityofAuburn.5. 9‐1‐1callsgointotheCitydispatcherandcallsaredisbursed.6. Nextalternatefacilityhas5firestations.7. TheUniversityisdividedinto3differentresponsezones.Forstructuralfires,aladdertruck

wouldbedispersedforresponseaswellasacommandtruckandpumper.Structurefiresrequireatleast16personnel;thelargerthestructure,themorestaffwillbesent.

8. AuburnFireDivisiondoesnothaveanyUniversity‐ownedequipment.9. Reporting:WouldbereportingtoUniversityonlyifaneventoccurs.



MedicalClinicBIAInterviews–11/3/15@10:00amMedicalClinic‐FredKamTheMedicalClinicisanoutsourceentity(andispartoftheLeeCountyHospital)thathasacontractualarrangementwithAuburnUniversity.TheagreementcameintoeffectOctober1,1996andwiththehospitalasofMarch2000.TheMedicalClinicworksoutofaUniversityfacility,providingcounselingservices,medicalneeds,chiropractor,pharmaceutical,ob‐gyn(women’shealth),andhas3‐4massagetherapistsonstaff.Medicalneedsareavailabletofaculty,staff,students,andthecommunity.TheyarecloselyconnectedtotheUniversityasactsasadepartmenttotheUniversity.TheMedicalClinicstaffparticipatesinUniversitydrillsandalsotheHospitaldrills.TheHospitalandAuburnUniversityworktogetherasone.Shouldaneventoccur,theMedicalClinicwouldrelyupontheUniversitytohousethemsomewheretocontinueservices.Keystaffnumbersneededtocontinueoperationswouldbe10clinicians;sportsstaff,2‐3physicians,onefulltime–trainer.(Thesportsstaffisseparateentity).ContractorsarecontractedthroughtheCountyHospital(LeeCounty)‐theMedicalCenterdependsoncontractorsfromCountyHospitalanddonothaveanycontractorsspecificallyfortheUniversity.Thehospitalserves6‐8counties.Thehospitalandmedicalcenterstaffworkextremelyclosetogether,alsothecountiesallworktogether.So,shouldtherebeadisaster,themedicalcenterwouldbesupportedbythecountyhospitalandothercounties.Essentialrecords:paper&health(electronically)storedathospitalonserver.Thehospitaliscontractedwithavendortoshredfilesafter10years.Anythingwithinlast5‐6yearsareallelectronicandbacked‐upbyhospitalandvendor.Serverisoff‐siteathospital.Refrigerationisrequiredformedicationsandallergyserum.Ifneeded,studentscouldtemporarilystoretheirmedicationsatthemedicalfacility.Pharmacyoperatesseparately,butworksverycloselywithmedical.PharmacyandMedicalcouldbelocatedtogetheroff‐siteifneedbe.Financialsarehousedathospital.MedicalCenterreportingconsistsof:Month‐endclosing,financial,andannualfiscalresponsibilities.Lossofequipmentisapotentialproblemforrecovery:Vaccines,certainspecializedequipment(EKGmachineandx‐rayequipment),crashcarts,examinetables(approximately40).TheMedicalCenterhasageneratorlocatedatfacilityattheUniversity.TherearesomemedicaloutbreaksthathavethepotentialtoimpacttheUniversityshouldtheUniversityhavetoclosedownduetooutbreaks:measles,meningitis,andEbola.



Thehospitalhasamedicaltrailerwheremedicalequipmentisstoredforemergencyuseandthetrailercanbedeployedshouldneedbe.Potentialprojectwouldbetoupgradegenerator.Currentgeneratordoesnotfittheneedsofrunningventilationshouldtherebeanoutage.Inaddition,withoutanupgrade,theMedicalCentercouldnotmakex‐raysorconductanylabwork.TheMedicalCenterneedsageneratortorunentirebuildingforventilation.Withoutincreaseofgenerator,x‐ray/labscouldnotwork.Ageneratorwithalargerloadcapacityisneeded.