Psychology Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior

Chapter 3 Key Words

-Define and describe your Keywords and share!

Section 1 Activating Activity Section 1 Preview Video

Chapter 3 Section 1E.Q. What is the Nervous System?

-If we think of the nervous system as long “chains” of communicating cells, then neurons are the links. -Neurons come in many different shapes and sizes, but the most consist of four basic parts.

Neurons 4 Parts (Cont.)

1) Dendrites: are the receiving area for information from other neurons2) Soma: the body, collects and combines incoming information3) Axon: nerve impulses travel down, many axons are covered with myelin (insulating casing)4) Axon Terminals: smaller fibers that connect the neurons to the dendrites and somas of other nerve cells

Nerve impulses head to foot in 1/150 of a second or 250 mph.

Neurons

-Each neuron can be thought of as a tiny battery ready to be discharged. -Nerve cells are filled with dissolved chemicals, especially sodium and potassium. -Messages are sent from the axon terminals of one neuron to the dendrites of other neurons.-The message must cross a synapse, or tiny space between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron.

-Neurons send messages across synapses through the release of neurotransmitters. -Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers such as acetylcholine, dopamine, noradrenaline, and dozens more. -These messages are carried via the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system.

Central Nervous System

-Consists of the neurons of the spinal cord and the brain.-The spinal cord connects the brain to other parts of the body. -The spinal cord is involved in spinal reflexes.

Thick as your finger - base of brain to below level of the waist

Peripheral Nervous System

-Transmits messages between the central nervous system and all parts of the body.

2 Divisions-Somatic nervous system (transmits sensory messages to the central nervous system)-Autonomic nervous system (transmits automatic messages regulating the body’s vital functions) Involved with experience of emotion

-Sympathetic nervous system-Parasympathetic nervous system

Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems

Feel the world and

move around in it.

Voluntary muscles and

receptors.

Heart, blood

vessels, and glands.

Prepares for emergencies.

Save, store

energy.

Chapter 3 Section 1 Review

-E.Q. Review: Explain how messages are transmitted by neurons, and describe the functions of the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system.-Activ-Studio Neuron Review -Section 1 ERT and Graphics Worksheet

Chapter 3 Section 2 E.Q. Identify the major structures of the brain, and explain the functions of each structure.

Activating Strategy

-Web Research: Brain components and functions. Identify the components of the brain on the chart and then find the functions of the parts listed below and write them out. Learning and the Brain Video

Brain Notes

-Every person is unique because of the brain.-The brain is divided into three sections:

1) Hindbrain (body functions)2) Midbrain (vision/hearing)3) Forebrain (thought/emotion)

Brain Hemispheres

-The Brain is divided into four parts, or lobes:-Frontal (personality) -Parietal (sensory)-Temporal (hearing)-Occipital (seeing)

-Learning Style: http://www.edutopia.org/multiple-intelligences-learning-styles-quiz

History of Brain Studies

-Ancient cultures and continues today by using a variety of techniques to study damaged and intact brains1) Accidents/brain damage - Phineas Gage pg. 65

Discussion2) Electronic Stimulation of the Brain3) Electroencephalogram (EEG) - records electrical activity of the brain.4) Scans - (CAT), (MRI), and (PET)

Brain Scans and Type Medical Note: A CT Scan (or CAT Scan) and an MRI operate differently and are better suited for different types of diagnoses. An MRI suited for examining

soft tissue, (e.g. ligament and tendon injury, spinal cord injury, brain tumors etc.) while a CT scan is better suited for bone injuries, lung and chest imaging,

and detecting cancers. CT scans are widely used in emergency rooms because the procedure takes less than 5 minutes. An MRI, on the other hand, can take up

to 30 minutes. An MRI typically costs more than a CT scan. One advantage of an MRI is that it does not use radiation while CAT scans do. This radiation is

harmful if there is repeated exposure. A PET scan uses nuclear medicine imaging to produce a three-dimensional picture of functional processes in the body.

PET scans provide metabolic information and are increasingly read alongside CT or MRI(magnetic resonance imaging) scans, which provide anatomic

information.

CAT MRI PET

Concussions In Sport

- 60 Minutes “A Blow to the Brain” -35 seconds to 1:12 and 14:45 to 27:20.

Concussion: By the Numbers● CDC estimates reveal that 1.6 million to 3.8 million concussions occur each year● 5-10% of athletes will experience a concussion in any given sport season● Fewer than 10% of sport related concussions involve a Loss of Consciousness (e.g., blacking out,

seeing stars, etc.)● Football is the most common sport with concussion risk for males (75% chance for concussion)● Soccer is the most common sport with concussion risk for females (50% chance for concussion)● 78% of concussions occur during games (as opposed to practices)● Some studies suggest that females are twice as likely to sustain a concussion as males● Headache (85%) and Dizziness (70-80%) are most commonly reported symptoms immediately following

concussions for injured athletes● Estimated 47% of athletes do not report feeling any symptoms after a concussive blow● A professional football player will receive an estimated 900 to 1500 blows to the head during a season● Impact speed of a professional boxers punch: 20mph● Impact speed of a football player tackling a stationary player: 25mph● Impact speed of a soccer ball being headed by a player: 70mph

Chapter 3 Section 2 Review Secrets of the Human Brain Video

-E.Q. - Identify the major structures of the brain, and explain the functions of each structure.-2 video reflections on Documentary

Chapter 3 Section 3 E.Q.Identify the hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system and the role each one plays.

-The endocrine system consists of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones into the bloodstream-Hormones stimulate many kinds of reactions-The can circulate throughout the bloodstream, but only received at a specific place

The Endocrine System (Cont.)

-Hormones are produced by the pituitary gland, the thyroid gland, the adrenal glands, and the testes and the ovaries

Endocrine (Cont.)

-Under the direction of the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland acts as the “master gland”-The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (HGH), and controls reproduction including ovulation and lactation in females (prolactin and oxytocin)

H.G.H.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Endocrine (Cont.)

-The Thyroid gland produces the hormone thyroxin. Too little makes people feel lazy and too much makes them overactive. (regulates metabolic rate)

Endocrine (Cont.)

-The Adrenal glands become active when a person is angry or frightened. -They release adrenaline into the bloodstream causing the heartbeat and breathing to increase.-Controls: salt/carbohydrate metabolism, control inflammatory reactions, arousal/sleep.

Power of Adrenaline Video

Steroids, adrenaline, and noradrenaline

Endocrine (Cont.)

-The testes in males and the ovaries in females produce testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone.-Interesting Fact:

-30 different hormones travel at the speed of of one foot per second (Speed of Blood)

Section 3 Review

List and describe the role of hormones produced by the pituitary gland, the thyroid glands, and the testes and ovaries.

Endocrine System Review Video

Preferences and why?

-Favorite color?-Favorite food?-Favorite team?-Favorite music?-Favorite activities/vacations?-Favorite classes? -Phobias?

Chapter 3 Section 4 E.Q.Explain the role of chromosomes and genes in heredity, and evaluate the methods used by psychologists to study the role of heredity in determining traits.

-Heredity is the transmission of characteristics from parents to children. Psychological traits and disorders, as well as physical traits, may be influenced by heredity. (hair, height, eye)

Heredity (Cont.)

-Traits are determined by pairs of genes within the chromosomes of each human cell.-Complex psychological traits may be controlled by a combination of genes. 22 of 23 male/female(46 total chromosomes - if extra = Down Syndrome

Heredity (Cont.)

-The “Nature-Nurture debate” is a long-standing controversy in human psychology. -Most psychologists today agree that nature and nurture interact to produce a person’s traits and personality.

Heredity (Cont.)

-Researchers use kinships studies to try to determine the influences of heredity and environment on psychological traits. -Studies have included twins, twins reared apart, and adoptees.

Identical Twins Studies Video

Chapter 3 Section 4 Review

-Define Gene and Chromosome. -Describe two methods used to study the role of heredity in determining traits.

-Twin studies-Adoptee studies-Twins reared apart

Chapter 3 Review

-Chapter 3 Graphic Organizer -Read Chapter 3 Summary Review Pg. 74-Complete “Term and Concept” Review #’s 1-10 Pg. 75-Chapter 3 Test Wednesday!