Gevod V.S.Ukrainian State Chemical Technology University
Dnipro
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We often hear the word innovation. But what it means actually? Innovation can be defined as a "new idea, device, or method". Innovation is also viewed as the application of better solutions that meet existing market needs or developing of future needs. In such a way the term "innovation" can be defined as something original and more effective that "breaks into" the market or society. It is related to, but not the same as the invention.
WE SHALL CONSIDER NEXT QUESTIONS:
• Definitions of innovation;• Basic research to innovation;• Creativity and innovation;• Dynamics of technological
innovation;• Industrial implications of
technological innovation.
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Innovation can be happen in any organization at all levels of its management. Now we shall consider the main concepts behind the innovation. Particularly we shall describe next questions: Definitions of innovation; Basic research to innovation; Creativity and innovation; Dynamics of technological innovation; Industrial implications of technological innovation.
WHAT IS IT THE INNOVATION ?
• The New Oxford Dictionary of English, 1998, p. 942
Innovation is:
• Making changes to something established by introducing something new.
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So, what mean the word innovation? In The New Oxford Dictionary of English, 1998, p. 942, is written: Innovation is “making changes to something established, by introducing something new”. From this basic point we shall move up the ladder of definition what is it the innovation in a more profound sense of this word. In the organizational context the innovation can be applied to products, processes, or services. The final goal of innovation is the establishing of higher quality of products, processes, or services in comparison to existing. In such a way we shall add to Dictionary definition the following addendum:
THE ESSENCE AND PURPOSE OF INNOVATION
• O'Sullivan (Innovation) Part I Understanding Innovation
Innovation is:
• Innovation is the process of making changes to something established by introducing something new that adds value to customers.
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Innovation is the process of making changes to something established by introducing of something new that adds value to customers. So we climbed a few steps higher by our ladder. But any process can be fed by both of good and bad ideas. In management of innovation is very important developing of good ideas. In such a way, scarce resources can be released and good ideas spotlighted. Implementation of every new good idea usually replaces that was established before. The goal of innovation is the successful development of good ideas that transforms into new technology, better service and higher quality of goods. Put simply, the goal of innovation is adding value to customers.
WHAT ELSE INCLUDES THE CONCEPT OF INNOVATION?
• O'Sullivan (Innovation) Part I Understanding Innovation
Innovation is:
• Innovation is the process of making changes to something established by introducing something new that adds value to customers and contributes to the knowledge store of the organization.
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The addendum “add value to the customers” is important. By describing of innovation as adding values to customers, the extended definition highlights that customers who experience the added value will continue to use innovative product, process, or service. On the other hand, by adding of word “process” we mean that innovation management is the process of managing innovation. This includes activities such as collecting of knowledge, managing ideas, defining goals, improving communications, and motivating teams and individuals to innovate. Learning how to innovate effectively entails growth the knowledge among the people who do the innovation. And the growth of knowledge offers the potential to enhance the way of future innovate. This element adds a further extension into definition made: Innovation is the process of making changes into something established, by introducing something new that adds value to customers and contributes to the store of knowledge.
GENERAL FORMULA
• O'Sullivan (Innovation) Part I Understanding Innovation
• Innovation is the process of making changes, large and small, radical and incremental, to products, processes, and services that results in the introduction of something new for the organization that adds value to customers and contributes to the knowledge store of the organization.
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Thus, we get the final formulation of term the innovation: “Innovation is the process of making changes, large and small, of radical and incremental, to products, processes, and services that results in the introduction of something new for organization (teams and individuals), adds value to customers and contributes to store of knowledge of organization”. The concept of store of knowledge is likely the concept of learning. Who can continuously learn and adapt of own behavior to external stimuli does so by continuously adding to store of knowledge.
WHAT MEANS THE TERM “APPLYING INNOVATION”
• Applying innovation is the application of practical tools and techniques which make changes, large and small, to products, processes and services, that results in the introduction of something new for the organization, that adds value to customers and contributes to store of knowledge in organization.
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Consequently, the applying innovation is: “The application of practical tools and techniques which make changes, large and small, to products, processes, and services that results in the introduction of something new for organization that adds value to customers and contributes to store of knowledge in organization”. Describing the essence of the definitions the innovation and applying innovation we should remember that practical tools and techniques are based on knowledge and experience acquired by efforts of educated and creative people of previous and present time.
THE RESULTS OF FUNDAMENTAL STUDIES IS THE BASEMENT OF ANY INNOVATION.
These results comes from the natural sciences social sciences, health sciences, etc. Nobody actually can't fully grasp technology or technological possibilities without the basic scientific knowledge which helps understand in those fields.A bright example of outstanding innovation is the history of invention, creation and mass production of electric bulbs.
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In such a way each innovation is based on the set of knowledge. The set of knowledge (basic and applied) have coming for us from the natural sciences, social sciences, health sciences, etc. Nobody actually can't fully grasp the technology or technological possibilities without the basic scientific and technical knowledge which helps understand in these fields. Basic scientific knowledge is a huge tool kit that keeps growing, and getting refined, over time. A bright example of outstanding innovation is the history of invention, creation and mass production of electric bulbs.
THE WAY OF INNOVATION. ONE OF BRIGHT EXAMPLE.
But this devise was not really commercially feasible due to costly platinum used. History of electric light, which adds to our daily convenience, bears testimony of many scientists efforts. Outstanding people who took a step forward in the field were: James Lindsay, Frederick Moleyns, Heinrich Göbel, Humphrey Davy and Thomas Edison.
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In 1820, Warner Rue has made electric lamp by using of platinum coil in glass tube
at passing electric current through it.
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We all are a part of an electrified world. Light bulbs does profoundly revolutionized human being from the end of XIX century. History of electric light, which adds to our daily convenience, bears testimony of many scientist efforts. In 1820, Warner Rue has invented first electric light lamp. This devise was made by using platinum coil in glass tube and passing electric current through it. But Warner’s lamp was not really commercially feasible due to costly platinum used. Outstanding people who have took a steps forward in the field to make electric light available for all of us were James Lindsay, Frederick Moleyns, Heinrich Göbel, Humphrey Davy and Thomas Edison.
THE AGE OF KNOWN REVOLUTIONARY INNOVATIONS
• From simple light bulbs to CFLs and LEDs, bulbs have covered a long way.
• Hardly did we know that small thing like bulb literally illuminates our lives.
Date of birth:• Candles 2nd century BC;• Electric bulb – XIX century;• Fluorescent bulb – XX century;• LED bulb XXI century.
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In 1879 Thomas Edison have produced long lasting and reliable sources of electric light by using of carbonized filaments. That year was a starting point in innovation story of incandescent electric bulbs, sunset of which we are seeing now. It is because incandescent bulbs are mainly heaters. Incandescent bulbs convert into the light only 3-5% of consumed energy. In 1901, Peter Hewitt has invented mercury vapor bulb. That year was a date of starting invention of the family of fluorescent bulbs. These bulbs have also come a long way as a real competitors of incandescent bulbs. Fluorescent bulbs are environment friendly and power saving. They consume 75% lesser energy than incandescent bulbs and lasts 10 times more. But the best is the worst enemy of good. The innovation of last decades is the light emission diodes (LED). They are leaders in energy saving. Now days LEDs are used everywhere. In such a way we see, the basic knowledge (fundamental knowledge), creativity and invention skills are constituent parts of innovations.
ANOTHER BRIGHT EXAMPLE OF OUTSTANDING INNOVATION IS THE STORY OF WHEEL.
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Another bright example of outstanding innovation is the story of wheel. This story everyone is welcome to consider by themselves. In such a way: “Innovation is the process of making changes, large and small, of radical and incremental into products, processes, and services that results in the introduction of something new for the organization, which leads to adding value for customers and contributes of store of knowledge in organization”. And, consequently the applying innovation is: “The application of practical tools and techniques that is make changes, large and small, into products, processes, and services that results in the introduction of something new at the organization, which leads to adding value for customers and contributes of store of knowledge in organization”.
INNOVATIONS BORN AND GROW UNDER EFFORTS OF CREATIVE PEOPLE
• Creative people make more use of their mental raw material and practical knowledge than other people.
• Creativity is not a trait that we inherit in our genes or blessing bestowed by the angels, it’s a skill.
( Jonah Lehler)
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Innovations are born and grow by efforts of creative people. When creative people try to solve a problem or achieve a goal, particularly when the goal is related to their area of creative strength, they use much more of their brains efforts than do ordinary people. If the average individual will be asked to draw a picture of a cat, he will most likely think about the physical appearance of a cat and replicate it as best he can do with a pen and paper. The creative person will think in much more depth. He will think not only about the cat, but the placement of the cat; what the cat is doing; the lighting; the kind of lines to use and much more. He may decide to humanize the cat and give it emotions. Perhaps he'll decide to draw a sexy cat with a human body wearing an evening gown, etc.
THE SOURCE OF CREATIVITY
• Creativity begins with imagination of a thing that is not existing but should be. And then are taking steps to make it a reality. It means identification of the problem and envisioning of original way to solve it satisfactorily. Creativity can be born of practical necessity or artistic expression, but it is something original—not done before, or not done in the same way.
• Without creativity there would be no innovation, no progress, nothing new or different.
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Creativity begins with imagination of a thing that is not existing but should be. And then are taking steps to make it a reality. It means identification of the problem and envisioning of original way to solve it satisfactorily. Creativity can be born of practical necessity or artistic expression, but it is something original—not done before, or not done in the same way. Without creativity there would be no innovation, no progress, nothing new or different. Different tools, useful things and trades never would have been existed without creative thought. Peoples would remain in the Stone Age. Houses, cars, computers, planes, or even electric light would been absent. Disease would been not have a cure.
THE ANATOMY OF CREATIVITY
• Creativity arises through the confluence of three following components: creative-thinking skills, motivation and expertise.
• Managers can influence these constituents of creativity through workplace practices and conditions of teaching.
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Creativity arises through the confluence of three following components: creative-thinking skills, motivation and expertise. But only minor part of peoples on the Earth are born with highly creative minds. They are privileged from the onset. For those who are born with less poetic minds, the understanding of the creative process can be of great help. Ordinary brain can also to work in a highly creative mode. Let us consider in a more details the main conditions required for the brain to churn out ideas in the masse:
CREATIVITY IS IMPOSSIBLE WITHOUT OF CREATIVE THINKING SKILLS
Creative thinking skills determines how flexibly and imaginatively people approach the problem.Does their solution directed
upend the status quo or its preservation through of dry spell?
Creative thinking
skills
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The first condition required for the creativity is the creative thinking skills. Creative thinking skills determines how flexibly and imaginatively people approach the problem. Does their solution directed upend the status quo or its preservation through of dry spell? Creative thinking skills are developed in a best kind at the following conditions: • Suitable state of mind: - alert, excited, and excitable; • Suitable environment: - minimum irrelevant interference from the outside world and maximum creative stimulation; •Time: - the more time anyone gives for an idea to grow, the greater likelihood of a breakthrough association; • Steps curiosity: the mind must curiously stray into unexplored paths when new associations and unexpected solutions can be found. • Knowledge: - knowledge in relevant areas is very important to get success.
CREATIVITY IS MOST EVIDENT AT APPROPRIATE MOTIVATION
All of us do work for many different reasons. Financial rewards are frequently a key factor why person undertakes of certain job. However, the money is not everything. Individual want to enjoy by his work, be challenged by it and achieve personal fulfilment. For many people, their careers are on-going learning experiences. This is known as intrinsic motivation.
Motivation
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The second important thing is the motivation. All of us do work for many different reasons. Financial rewards are frequently a key factor why person undertakes of certain job. However, the money is not everything. Individual want to enjoy by his work, be challenged by it and achieve personal fulfilment. For many people, their careers are on-going learning experiences. This is known as intrinsic motivation. When individuals are intrinsically motivated, they are interested in their work. Put simply, intrinsic motivation creates enjoyment. However, for individuals are need an extrinsic motivation also. This motivation comes from factors outside the immediate work that an individual undertakes.
THE EXPERTISE IS VERIFICATION OF CHOSEN DIRECTION
It is all available data about innovation. – technical, procedural, and intellectual. General suggestions regarding expertise are following: it is all relevant knowledge outlook and retrospective which an individual brings to bear in a creative effort to resolve the problem.
Expertise
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And the third very important thing is the expertise. It is all available data about expected innovation. – technical, procedural, and intellectual. General suggestions regarding expertise are following: It is all relevant knowledge outlook and retrospective which an individual brings to bear in a creative effort to attain the goal.
LOOK HERE AND REMEMBER
Only five percent of our creative abilities we inheriting from parents, everything else we earn by our self efforts.Creativity is not ability to create out of nothing (only God can do that), but the ability to generate new ideas by combining, changing, or reapplying of existing knowledge and ideas.(Harris, 1998).
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And very useful to remember the following. Only five percent of our creative abilities we inheriting from parents, everything else we earns by our self efforts. Creativity is marked by the ability to create, bring into existence, to invent into a new form, to produce through imaginative skill of something new. Creativity is not ability to create out of nothing (only God can do that), but the ability to generate new ideas by combining, changing, or reapplying of existing knowledge and ideas.
SOME CREATIVE IDEAS ARE ASTONISHING AND BRILLIANT, WHILE OTHERS ARE JUST SIMPLE BUT USEFUL ALSO
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Some creative ideas are an astonishing and brilliant, while others are just simple but useful also. Astonishing and brilliant creative ideas very often transforms into discoveries. Innovation can take many forms such as a familiar product manufactured from new materials; a different combination of existing products to give improved performance; the adaptation of an existing product to meet a new demand; a new product utilized to perform a new function; and a new process to get modified or new product. All of this are belong to technological innovations.
TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
Technological innovation is a comprehensive process which starts with the generation of an idea and leads to the production and commercialization.Technological innovation is invention along with exploitation which covers all efforts of creation of new ideas and getting them to work includes also the process of commercial development.
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Technological innovation is a comprehensive process which starts with the generation of an idea and leads to the production and commercialization. It means that technological innovation is invention along with exploitation which covers all efforts of creation of new ideas and getting them to work. Technological innovation includes also the process of commercial development via focusing of ideas or inventions toward specific objectives, evaluating these objectives, transfer of R&D results and the eventual broad-based utilization, dissemination and diffusion of the technology-based outcomes (exploitation).
THE STAGES OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN THE MENTAL REPRESENTATION
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I Dream to do it;I Think I can do it;I May do it;I can do it;I shall do it;I will dot ;I am doing it;I have done it;I Dream to do it.
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The stages of technological innovations in the mental representation are following: I Dream to do it; I Think I can do it; I May do it; I can do it; I shall do it; I will do it; I am doing it; I have done it; And ones again I Dream to do it.
THE CHART OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION PROCESS
• 1 – First knowledge;• 2 – Forming an attitude;• 3 –A Decision to adopt or
reject;• 4 –Implementation and use;• 5 – confirmation of the
decision.
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Innovation research was first started in 1903 by French sociologist Gabriel Tarde. He has defined the innovation-decision process as a series of steps that includes: •First knowledge; •Forming an attitude; •A decision to adopt or reject; •Implementation and use; •Confirmation of the decision.
FIRST STAGE OF THE ADOPTION PROCESS IS “KNOWLEDGE”
Performer is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it.
At this stage of the adoption process anyone has not yet been inspired in innovation in details.
Required to find out more data regarding the innovation.
KNOWLEDGE
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The first stage of the adoption process is the knowledge. Performer is first exposed to an innovation, but lacks information about it. At this stage of the adoption process anyone has not yet been inspired in innovation in details. It is required to find out more data regarding the innovation.
SECOND STAGE IS “PERSUATION”.
At this stage who is interested in the innovation actively seeks related information in details. He does a patent search. He is trying to know if there is somebody else who has already thought in the same direction, etc.
PERSUATION
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The second stage of decision - adoption process is called “persuation”. At this stage who is interested in the innovation actively seeks related information in details. He does a patent search. He is trying to know if there is somebody else who has already thought in the same direction, etc.
THIRD STAGE IS “DECISION”
Creator takes the concept of the changes and weighs the advantages or disadvantages of using the innovation and decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Due to the individualistic nature of this stage, many specialists notes that it is the most difficult stage on which required to acquire the evidence.
DECISION
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The third stage is “Decision”. At this stage creator takes the concept of the changes and weighs the advantages or disadvantages of using the innovation and decides whether to adopt or reject the innovation. Due to the individualistic nature of this stage, many specialists notes that it is the most difficult stage on which required to acquire the evidence. General suggestions regarding expertize are following: Invite the persons who solved similar problems. Through discussions, identify the kinds of data, knowledge and procedures required to solve the problem. Create scenario of problem resolving with the experts who are associated with resolving different problem types. To receive from experts the set recommendations resolving of problem and the rationale behind each step. Develop the algorithm of problem resolving based on the experts recommendations. Having the results of experts review develop the rules and the general procedure of solving the problem.
FORTH STAGE IS “IMPLEMENTATION”
Entrepreneur employs the innovation to a varying degree depending on the situation. During this stage the individual also determines the usefulness of the innovation and may search for further information about it.
IMPLEMENTATION
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The forth stage of the adoption process is “Implementation”. Entrepreneur employs the innovation to a varying degree depending on the situation. During this stage he also determines the usefulness of the innovation and makes searching for further information about it.
FIFTH STAGE IS “CONFIRMATION”At this stage of the decision adoption process anybody finalizes his or her decision to continue using the innovation.
This stage is both intrapersonal and interpersonal.
Confirmation by producers and consumers leads to the right decision.
CONFIRMATION
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The fifth stage of the decision - adoption process is “Confirmation”. At this stage of the decision - adoption process anybody finalizes his, her decision to continue using the innovation. This stage is both intrapersonal and interpersonal. Confirmation by producers and consumers leads to the right decision.
THE MECHANISM OF INNOVATION DIFFUSION
When innovation occurs, it may be spread from the innovator to other individuals and groups. This process has been proposed that the life cycle of innovation.Diffusion of innovation research was first started in 1903 by French sociologist Gabriel Trade, who first plotted the S-shaped diffusion curve.
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When innovation occurs, it may be spread from the innovator to other individuals and groups. This process has been proposed that the life cycle of innovation and described using the “s – curve” or “diffusion curve”. The s-curve maps growth of revenue or productivity against time. At the early stage of a particular innovation, growth is relatively slow as the new product establishes itself. At some point customers begin to demand and the product growth increases more rapidly. New incremental innovations or changes to the product allow growth to continue. Towards the end of the lifecycle, growth slows and may even begin to decline. In the later stages, no amount of new investment in that product will not yield a normal rate of return.
The life cycles of some well known innovations realized in last century are shown here. It is seen that each innovation process was lasts about 20 – 25 years in average.
DRIVERS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
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COMPETITOR ACTIONS
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Drivers of technological Innovation. Various factors encourage to innovate demanding of continuous improving and learning. Drivers of technological innovation are following: Emerging technologies. Competitor actions. New ideas from customers. Ideas from strategic partners and employees, The Changes in the external environment.
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
This driver have the potential for significant innovation across the organization and so can be really the basis for innovative products, processes, and services that can revolutionize the fortunes of an organization.
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Emerging technologies. This driver have the potential for significant innovation across the organization and so can be really the basis for innovative products, processes, and services that can revolutionize the fortunes of organization.
COMPETITOR ACTIONS
The innovative actions of competitors and other organizations is the second driver of innovation. Competitors can provide a benchmark regarding which projects and initiatives are reasonable to pursue.
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Competitors actions. The innovative actions of competitors and other organizations is the second driver of innovation. Competitors can provide a benchmark regarding which projects and initiatives are reasonable to pursue. Copying the innovations of competitors reduces the risk. It is because the products being prepared to run may whereas already been adopted by market. Although such behavior is unlikely to increase market share, it can be effective in maintaining the status quo with competitor.
NEW IDEAS
In the past, innovations were developed from the insights of a small number of designers and engineers. Now, however, with greater technological complexity and market segmentation, modern organizations are engaging as many stakeholders as possible in the innovation process.
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New ideas. In the past, innovations were developed from the insights of a small number of designers and engineers. But in present time, with greater technological complexity and market segmentation, modern organizations are engaging as many stakeholders as possible in the innovation process. �
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
All organizations are affected by changes in their external environment; these changes can be another driver of innovation. Environmental changes can occur because of competitor actions that have revolutionized the business environment or can happen through macro shifts in the political, economic, cultural, or technological environment.
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External environment. All organisations are affected by changes in their external environment; these changes can be another driver of innovation. Environmental changes can occur because of competitor actions that have revolutionized the business environment or can happen through macro shifts in the political, economic, cultural, or technological environment. Since as organizations struggle to realign themselves according with a new business environment, they must innovate their products, processes, and services accordingly.
DYNAMICS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
Each technological innovation goes through stages:
Dynamics of technological innovation represented here. It consists of five stages: Development; Introduction; Growth; Maturity; Decline.
STARTING POINT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
At starting point of any innovation the opportunities are identified and concepts developed prior to entering the formal stage of product development process. At starting point the exciting breakthroughs become attained by creative team of specialists.
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At the starting point of any innovation the opportunities are identified and concepts developed prior to entering the formal stage of product development process. At this point the exciting breakthroughs become attained by creative team of specialists.
EARLY ADOPTER OR LIGHTHOUSE CUSTOMER
An early adopter or lighthouse customer is the first customer of the product. He is referred to as a trendsetter. Typically this will be a customer who in addition to using the vendor's product or technology provides also considerable and candid feedback to help the vendor refine its future product releases, as well as the associated means of distribution, service, and support.
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An early adopter or lighthouse customer is the first customer of the product. He is referred to as a trendsetter. Typically this will be a customer who in addition to using the vendor's product or technology provides also considerable and candid feedback to help the vendor refine its future product releases, as well as the associated means of distribution, service, and support.
EARLY MAJORITY
Early majority is the first sizable segment of a population to adopt an innovative technology. The early majority tends to be roughly 34% of the population, and will adopt a new product after seeing it used successfully by either innovators and early adopters.
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Early majority is the first sizable segment of a population to adopt an innovative technology. The early majority tends to be roughly 34% of the population, and will adopt a new product after seeing it used successfully by either innovators and early adopters.
LATE MAJORITY AND LAGGARDS
The late majority accounts for roughly 34% of the population, and will adopt a new product only after seeing that the majority of the population already has it.Laggards is a category of
buyers of a product who are the last to buy it or use it.Laggards consist of 16% of all
byers.
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The late majority accounts for roughly 34% of the population, and will adopt a new product only after seeing that the majority of the population already has it. And laggards is a category of buyers of a product who are the last to buy it or use it. Laggards consist of 16% of all byers.
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Innovations are of different types occur in different ways and have varying effects. In general innovations are divided onto two categories: Sustaining (incremental) innovation and Disruptive innovation.
INCREMENTAL INNOVATIONS
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Incremental innovations characterize the process of something improvement when problem is well understood, market exist and well developed. Innovation activity is directed onto improving of performance, lowering the cost of something, etc. Under incremental innovation customer is believable, market is predictable, traditional business methods are sufficient.
INCREMENTAL INNOVATION
It is a series of small improvements to an existing product or product line that usually helps maintain or improve its competitive position over time.
Incremental innovation is regularly used within the high technology business by companies that need to continue to improve their products to include new features increasingly desired by consumer.
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By other words incremental innovation is a series of small improvements to an existing product or product line that usually helps maintain or improve its competitive position over time. Incremental innovation is regularly used within the high technology business by companies that need to continue to improve their products to include new features desired for consumer.��
DISRUPTIVE INNOVATION
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Radical, or Disruptive innovation is generally a complex process, rather than a discrete event, and generally implies a difficult, lengthy and risky process. But it leads to much more profit in the case of success.
PROGRESSIVE COMPRESSION OF INNOVATION WAVES
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In the recent human history there have been several waves of outstanding innovations. Each of them provided a radical change of our existence. And each successive wave of innovation has evolved faster than the previous one. Now it is quite obvious that innovation is not the destiny of individuals and small teams. At present time the innovations are the destiny of large groups of scientists and production workers and their associations. This becomes very evident if one looks at the picture innovations of the twentieth century.
HUMAN POPULATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS
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Outstanding innovations of twentieth century: Personal computers, mobile phones, internet, LCD, etc. All these innovations were drastically changed our life.
INDUSTRIAL IMPLICATIONS OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION
The aims of technological innovations in industry are:the introduction of new tools and techniques for performing of given tasks in production, distribution, data processing, automation of the production processes and achievement of a state of greater autonomy of technical production systems from human control.
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The aims of technological innovations in industry are: The introduction of new tools and techniques for performing of given tasks in production, distribution, data processing. Automation of the production processes and achievement of a state of greater autonomy of technical production systems from human control. Changes in the nature and level of integration of technical production systems, the development, utilization, and application of new scientific ideas, concepts, and information in production and other processes. Enhancement of technical performance capabilities, increase in the efficiency of tools, equipment, and techniques in performing given tasks.
GARTNER HYPE CYCLE OF INNOVATION
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Any innovation is characterized by a hype cycle. Each hype cycle drills down into the five key phases of a technology's life cycle. Phase 1. Technology trigger. A potential technology breakthrough kicks things off. Phase 2. Peak of inflated expectations. Early publicity produces a number of success stories. Phase 3. Step trough of disillusionment. Phase 4. Slope of enlightenment. Phase 5. Plateau of productivity.
SIGNIFICANT INNOVATION REQUIRES GLOBAL TEAMWORK
In today's world of specialization, there is a premium paid for being first in the marketplace. To be first in the world with a significant innovation requires global teamwork.
Usually the team has a formal structure, but good teamwork among colleagues is just as effective. In fact, good teamwork and collaboration often equate to the ability to communicate effectively.
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In today's world of specialization, there is a premium paid for being first in the marketplace. To be first in the world with a significant innovation requires global teamwork. Usually the team has a formal structure, but good teamwork among colleagues is just as effective. In fact, good teamwork and collaboration often equate to the ability to communicate effectively. The ability to utilize all of the advanced information technology and communications capability is necessary but not sufficient. Of paramount importance are the ability and willingness to share information freely. Those who do this well will benefit tremendously.
WHAT EVERYONE NEEDS TO KNOW TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS
• if you ever decide to start to innovate, you will need preview all obstacles and deep pits along the way. That is, you will do anything not to get into the valley of death as shown in this figure.
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Thus, if you ever decide to start to innovate, you will need preview all obstacles and deep pits along the way. That is, you will do anything not to get into the valley of death as shown in this figure. But you'll remember that: The life is short, Art long, Opportunity soon passing, Experience deceptive, Judgment difficult (Hippocrates)
ONLY CREATIVE SPECIALISTS ATTAINS SUCCESS
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There are no hopeless situations. Who wants to do something useful, he will find a way to do it, and who does not want, he seeks the reason.
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And the last thing to remember: there are no hopeless situations. Who wants to do something useful, he will find a way to do it, and who does not want, he seeks the reason. Thank You very much for attention.
