fibers to fabrics

Fibers to

FabricsFID 1

Fiber- Filament- Yarn- Fabric

Fibers● Basic unit of all textiles● Each fiber has its own characteristics and

properties depending on its source or chemical deposit

● Knowledge of fiber characteristics help you select the fiber most appropriate for end use

Natural FibersCellulosic- made from plant sources

Examples- Cotton,flax (linen) ramie, jute

Protein- made from animal sources

Examples- Wool, silk, alpaca, cashmere, camel hair

Cotton- most widely used natural fiber (inexpensive and strong)

Linen- made from flax fiber (durable and absorbent)

Ramie- aka “china grass” (strong, dries quickly)

Jute- rough, coarse, natural odor- used for burlap

Wool- made from the fleece of a sleep or lamb- most common protein fiber, warmest

Silk- obtained by unwinding the cocoons of silkworms -strongest protein fiber, rare and expensive

Filament● Long, continuous strand of fiber ● Silk is the only natural fiber that is a filament● Any manufactured fiber fiber can be made

as a filament

Manufactured Fibers● Fibers not found in nature, man-made● Primarily made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen

Steps:

1- Solid raw material is change to a thick liquid

2- Liquid is forced or pushed through a spinneret

3- It hardens in the form of a fiber

Manufactured FibersCellulosic- made from plant pulp

Examples- acetate, rayon

Noncellulosic- made from synthetic materials

Example- acrylic, nylon, polyester, spandex

Acetate- looks and feels luxurious and drapes well- inexpensive but weak

Rayon- acts like cotton, extremely versatile -1st commercially produced manufactured fiber

Acrylic- replacement for wool, fleece material -warm and lightweight

Nylon- elastic but keeps it shape -strong, durable

Polyester-resistant to wrinkles, stretching out of place, shrinking, bleak, sunlight, moths, and mildew

Spandex-elastic like rubber made of chemicals-resistant to oil, perspiration, and abrasion

Check Your Knowledge1- What is a fiber?

2- What is a filament?

3- What is the difference between natural and manufactured fibers?

Yarn- fibers spun togetherTwist is needed to hold the fibers and filament together

Adds strength to the yarn

Types of Yarn

● Spun yarn- yarns made from short fibers● Monofilament yarn- made from a single filament● Multifilament yarn- made from a group of filaments

Textured YarnsPly Yarn- twisting 2 or more single yarns together make a ply yarn

Cord Yarn- made by twisting ply yarns together

Blend- yarn made by spinning different types of fibers together into a single yarn

Fabric- Textile product usually made by weaving or knitting yarns together

Weaving- process of interlacing yarns at right angles to each other to create a woven fabric

Knitting- looping yarns together with a knitting machine to produce a fabric

fibers to fabrics

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