entrepreneurial behaviour

Entrepreneurial Behaviour

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Entrepreneurial Behaviour: Unveiling the Cognitive and Emotional Aspects of Entrepreneurship

EDITED BY

ANDREA CAPUTO, PH.D.University of Lincoln, United Kingdom

MASSIMILIANO M. PELLEGRINI, PH.D.“Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Italy

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Emerald Publishing LimitedHoward House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2020

Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited

Reprints and permissions serviceContact: [email protected]

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78973-508-6 (Print)ISBN: 978-1-78973-507-9 (Online)ISBN: 978-1-78973-509-3 (Epub)

Emerald Publishing LimitedHoward House, Wagon Lane, Bingley BD16 1WA, UK

First edition 2020

Copyright © 2020 Emerald Publishing Limited

Reprints and permissions serviceContact: [email protected]

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication DataA catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-78973-508-6 (Print)ISBN: 978-1-78973-507-9 (Online)ISBN: 978-1-78973-509-3 (Epub)

To our families and friends, the best entrepreneurial ecosystem we could have.Andrea Caputo and Massimiliano M. Pellegrini

Contents

Foreword xi

About the Editors xiii

List of Contributors xv

Acknowledgements xvii

Chapter 1 Introduction to “The Entrepreneurial Behaviour: Unveiling the Cognitive and Emotional Aspect of Entrepreneurship”Andrea Caputo and Massimiliano M. Pellegrini 1

Chapter 2 Evolving Differently from the Same Set of Pre-conditions: A Qualitative Longitudinal Study of Entrepreneurship and Genius LociMassimiliano M. Pellegrini, Andrea Caputo, Cristiano Ciappei and Léo-Paul Dana 7

Chapter 3 Entrepreneurship Education and Gamification: An Analysis of Students’ Learning OutcomesAfsaneh Bagheri, Amin Alinezhad and Seyed Mojtaba Sajadi 25

Chapter 4 Narcissism, Machiavellianism and Psychopathy: How Do Displayed Entrepreneurs’ Personality Dark Traits Influence Crowdfunding Success?Simona Leonelli, Francesca Di Pietro and Francesca Masciarelli 41

Chapter 5 Startups, Innovation and Performance: An Empirical Analysis in the Italian Context Using SMAA-SMelita Nicotra, Marco Romano, Ambra Castrogiovanni and Salvatore Corrente 67

viii Contents

Chapter 6 The Target of Entrepreneurial Passion Under the Role of Passion Types and Culture: A Conceptual FrameworkAyca Kubra Hizarci-Payne and Ozge Ozgen 91

Chapter 7 The Role of Entrepreneurial Stereotypes for Commercial and Social Startup IntentionsCharlott Menke 113

Chapter 8 Uncovering the Role of Commitment in the Entrepreneurial Process: A Research AgendaLaëtitia Gabay-Mariani and Anne-Flore Adam 147

Chapter 9 Developing Creative Virtuosities for Entrepreneurship: Perspectives from Four Arts-based MetaphorsFahri Karakas, Ismail Golgeci and Sally Dibb 171

Chapter 10 The Role of Heuristics and Biases in Entrepreneurial Decision-making When Creativity is a NecessitySid Hanna Saleh and Richard A. Hunt 191

Chapter 11 Re-visiting Effectuation: The Relationships with Causation, Entrepreneurial Experience, and InnovativenessVirginia Cha, Yi Ruan and Michael Frese 213

Chapter 12 Evaluation of Decision-making in Family Business Mixing Data Based and Socioemotional Wealth ConsiderationsXileidys Parra, Xavier Tort-Martorell, Fernando Alvarez-Gomez and Carmen Ruiz-Viñals 239

Chapter 13 Cognitive Biases in the Venture Capitalist – Entrepreneur Dyad: The Role of Entrepreneurs’ Experience in VCs’ Investment DecisionsAnna Souakri 259

Chapter 14 Why Senior Workers Are Becoming Entrepreneurs: Necessity or Passion?Raquel Ortega-Lapiedra 271

Chapter 15 Gender and Performance: Preliminary Evidences from Italian Innovative SMEsMichela Mari and Sara Poggesi 281

Contents ix

Chapter 16 A Micro-entrepreneur Network as a Community of Practice Boosting Entrepreneurial ActivitiesAnna-Mari Simunaniemi, Riitta Forsten-Astikainen, Kai Hänninen and Matti Muhos 297

Chapter 17 The Evaluative Nature of Entrepreneurial ConstraintsAníbal López and Pedro Neves 311

Index 325

Foreword

The book seeks to establish a framework to investigate how entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial and innovative behaviors cope with the challenges of making choices using several lenses and perspectives. Different chapters integrate into this framework the cognitive, psychological (emotions, passions, and trust), and behavioral processes (negotiations and conflicts) that individuals or entrepreneur-ial organizations develop when framing their choices. I feel the book succeeded in that effort. The book answers some crucial questions: which cognitive and psycho-logical processes do entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial organizations adopt when framing their choices? In addition to this, which behavioral processes should be developed in order to foster these shared cognitive and emotional meanings?

Traditionally, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial organizations survive because of their particular cognitive and emotional comprehension of the fit between their business ideas, organization variables, and contingent dimensions. From an entrepreneurial perspective, this cognitive and emotional fit relies on the concept of organizations as social systems, where meanings emerge from the social inter-actions of individuals.

Three elements characterize a decision-making process: the final choice within several options, the presence of parallel processes that make it simpler than alter-natives and the presence of a goal in the decision maker’s mental activity when reaching a final decision.

While in entrepreneurial choices the role of the entrepreneur and entrepre-neurial organization receives increasing academic attention, the ways in which they make these choices is still a process worthy of investigation. In articulating and refining the specific relationships involved, the book tries to frame the entre-preneurial choices regarding their influences on entrepreneurs’ and entrepreneur-ial organizations’ peculiarities, alternatives, and desired results. The main issue linked to the desired results is that, as both individual-centered non-economic and economic goals coexist in entrepreneurial organizations; these organizations may face an idiosyncratic issue in terms of economic maximization and individual sat-isfaction, given the interplay between the entrepreneur and entrepreneurial system. Thus, the book proposes some answers to a general call for a deeper investigation of all processes and desired results related to entrepreneurial choices. Accordingly, it strives to open up the ‘black box’ by outlining the entrepreneurial choices made by entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial organizations.

Enjoy the reading!Prof. Luca Gnan

About the Editors

Andrea Caputo, PhD, is a Reader in Strategy & Entrepreneurship at the Lincoln International Business School (UK) and a Visiting Professor of International Strategic Management at the University of Trento (Italy). He received his PhD in Management from the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” in 2013. Previously, he was an Assistant Professor at Princess Sumaya University. He has also held visiting positions at several universities, like University of Queensland, George Washington University, University of Seville, Alicante, Pisa, Malta, Macerata and Naples Parthenope. His main research expertise is related to entrepreneurship, strategic management, innovation, negotiation, and decision-making. He has authored more than 450 international publications, including Human Resources Management Journal, Journal of Business Research, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviours & Research, International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Small Business, and Business Process Management Journal. He is an editor of the book series “Entrepreneurial Behaviour” for Emerald, and the co-chair of the track Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Decision-Making at EURAM.

Massimiliano M. Pellegrini, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Organizational Studies and Entrepreneurship at University of Rome “Tor Vergata.” From the same university, he also received his PhD in 2011. Previously, he was a Senior Lecturer at Roehampton University and he covered several roles as permanent staff at the University of West London and Princess Sumaya University, and visiting staff at the Wharton School, University of Linz, and of Enlarger-Nuremberg. He was the Chair for the Strategic Interest Group of Entrepreneurship (E-ship SIG) at the European Academy of Management (EURAM) until 2018. He published more than 40 contributions focused on entrepreneurial, ethical, and organizational behaviours, for example, Journal of Business Ethics, Journal of Managerial Psychology, International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviours & Research, International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Small Business, and Business Process Management Journal. He is also an editor of the book series “Entrepreneurial Behaviour” for Emerald.

Editorial Advisory Board

Andrea Caputo, University of Lincoln (Editor)Massimiliano M. Pellegrini, University of Rome Tor Vergata (Editor)Afsaneh Bagheri, University of TehranMatteo Cristofaro, University of Rome Tor VergataSally Dibb, Coventry UniversityMohammad Fakher, University of Rome Tor VergataMarina Dabic, University of Zagreb and Nottingham Trent UniversityLeo-Paul Dana, Dalhousie UniversityGiulia Flamini, University of Rome Tor VergataLaëtitia Gabay-Mariani, CERAG - Grenoble-Alpes UniversityAnibal Lopez, Nova School of Business and EconomicsLuca Gnan, University of Rome Tor VergataCharlott Menke, Fraunhofer Center for International Management and Knowl-edge Economy IMW, GermanyDamiano Petrolo, University of Rome Tor VergataMarco Romano, University of CataniaYi Ruan, University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaSid Hanna Saleh, Colorado School of MinesAnna Souakri, ESCP EuropeMarzena Starnawska, University of WarsawMatthias Raith, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität MagdeburgGiuseppe Valenza, Mediterranea University of Reggio CalabriaCizhi Wang, Capital University of Business and Economics

List of Contributors

Anne-Flore Adam Entrepreneurship Research Centre – EM Lyon, France

Amin Alinezhad University of Tehran, IranFernando Alvarez-Gomez Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, SpainAfsaneh Bagheri University of Tehran, IranAndrea Caputo University of Lincoln, UKAmbra Castrogiovanni University of Catania, SpainVirginia Cha National University of Singapore, SingaporeCristiano Ciappei University of Florence, ItalySalvatore Corrente University of Catania, SpainLéo-Paul Dana Dalhousie University, FranceFrancesca Di Pietro Trinity College Dublin, UKSally Dibb Coventry University, UKRiitta Forsten-Astikainen University of Oulu, FinlandMichael Frese National University of Singapore, SingaporeLaëtitia Gabay-Mariani CERAG - Grenoble-Alpes University SwitzerlandIsmail Golgeci Aarhus University, DenmarkKai Hänninen University of Oulu, FinlandAyca Kubra Hizarci-Payne Dokuz Eylul University, TurkeyRichard A. Hunt Virginia Polytechnic Institute, USAFahri Karakas University of East Anglia, UKSimona Leonelli University of Padova, ItalyAníbal López Nova School of Business and Economics, PortugalMichela Mari “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, ItalyFrancesca Masciarelli “G. d’Annunzio” University, ItalyCharlott Menke Fraunhofer Center for International Management

and Knowledge Economy IMW, GermanyMatti Muhos University of Oulu, FinlandMelita Nicotra University of Catania, SpainPedro Neves Nova School of Business and Economics, PortugalRaquel Ortega-Lapiedra University of Zaragoza, SpainOzge Ozgen Dokuz Eylul University, TurkeyXileidys Parra Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, SpainMassimiliano M. Pellegrini “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, ItalySara Poggesi “Tor Vergata” University of Rome, Italy

xvi List of Contributors

Marco Romano University of Catania, SpainYi Ruan University of Nottingham-Ningbo, ChinaCarmen Ruiz-Viñals Universitat Abat Oliba CEU, SpainSeyed Mojtaba Sajadi University of Tehran, IranSid Hanna Saleh Colorado School of Mines, USAAnna-Mari Simunaniemi University of Oulu, FinlandAnna Souakri ESCP Europe, FranceXavier Tort-Martorell Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Spain

Acknowledgements

We would like to deeply thank all the friends and colleagues who were involved in the production of this edited book. In particular, special thanks go to all contrib-uting authors for being interested in participating in this ambitious project and for delivering such high quality manuscripts in a timely fashion. We would also like to explicitly thank all the reviewers who assisted us and took part in reviewing the manuscripts published in this book. Moreover, we would like to express our gratitude to the European Academy of Management community and the SIG of Entrepreneurship’s scholars, who supported this project during its development.

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