Location: Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India

Area: (slightly larger than West Virginia) total: 65,610 sq km

land: 64,740 sq km

water: 870 sq km

Land boundaries: no

Coastline: 1,340 km

Climate: tropical monsoon North-East monsoon (Dec to March)

South-West monsoon (June to October)

Terrain: mostly low, flat to rolling plain mountains in south-central interior

Pre Historic27000 BC

hunting & gathering

central highlandcoastal area

Early Iron Age

Limited AgriculturePastoral activitieshunting, gatheringrituals, symbolsLeadershipwater management distance traderesource exchangingprivate propertyvillage systemdomestic lifeshifting to resource zonesmetal ,pottery & bead making

Law land (dry zone) -agricultureHighland- mineral & spicescoastal area--sea food

Arrival of Buddha

Early Iron Age Arrival of Buddha

Historic300 BC

UrbanizationEmergence of state Religious institutionswar affairsLong distance tradeOverseas connectionsArt & ArchitectureSanitary facilitiesmassive irrigation workSocial higherachywritingsEducation labor specification

Anuradhapura

Arrival of Buddha

Mahawamsa

Kalawewa reservoir

Sigiriya fortress

Mahayana Buddhism200AD

Historic

UrbanizationEmergence of state Religious institutionswar affairsLong distance tradeOverseas connectionsArt & ArchitectureSanitary facilitiesmassive irrigation workSocial higherachywritingsEducation labor specification

Anuradhapura

Polonnaruwakingdom

Mahawamsa

Kalawewa reservoir

Sigiriya fortress

Polonnaruwakingdom Colonial

Decline of Polonnaruwa kingdom

Kandy/KotteGampolaKurunegalaDamadeniyakingdoms

Colonial

European influence(politicalreligionculturaleducation)Western trade

i. coastal area-trade(Portuguese & Dutch)Central highland(Local government)

ii. all over the countryBritish colonyCoastal area-tradeHighland – trade crops

Not End