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DID REFORM MOVEMENTS CHANGE THE DYNAMIC IN THE CITIES?

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SSUSH13 The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the Progressive Era. b. Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements. d. Explain Ida Tarbells role as a muckraker. e. Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum; direct election of senators; reform of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities.

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Reforms she is associated with include Kindergarten movement Hull House Fought for child labor laws Jane Addams won the Nobel Peace Prize in in 1931 for her work with the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. one of the thirteen buildings that comprised the campus of Hull-House

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PLUNKITT OF TAMMANY HALL IS A PRIMARY SOURCE, BUT IT IS A COMPLICATED SOURCE. ARE ALL THE WORDS AND COMMENTS JUST AS G.W. PLUNKITT SAID THEM OR WHICH PARTS DID WILLIAM RIORDAN ADD? How does the last paragraph of Jane Addams Why The Ward Boss Rules (another primary source pp. 117-122) acknowledge the views of Plunkitt? Would you expect these words from a reformer?

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By these means the Tammany district leader reaches out into the homes of his district, keeps watch not only on the men, but also on the women and children; knows their needs, their likes and dislikes, their troubles and their hopes, and places himself in a position to use his knowledge for the benefit of his organization and himself. Is it any wonder that scandals do not permanently disable Tammany and that it speedily recovers from what seems to be crushing defeat? http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/dhuff/us/ chapters/CHAPTER%206.htm http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/dhuff/us/ chapters/CHAPTER%206.htm

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If we would hold to our political democracy, some pains must be taken to keep on common ground in our human experiences, and to some solidarity in our ethical conceptions. And if we discover that men of low ideals and corrupt practice are forming popular political standards simply because such men stand by and for and with the people, then nothing remains but to obtain a like sense of identification before we can hope to modify ethical standards. http://www.usd116.org/ProfDev/AHTC/activities/addams_boss.pdf 1940

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Data on urban development in NYC and other major U.S. cities 1860-1920 from previous TAH discussions. New York City is Pie for the Hayseeds p. 59-61 This city is ruled entirely by the hayseed legislators at Albany...The hayseeds think we are like the Indians to the National Governmentthat is sort of wards of the state, who dont know how to look after ourselves and have to be taken care of by the Republicans of...other backwoods counties. New York City is a nice big fat goose....my dock was stolen. I seen my opportunities and I took em. p. 49 (Honest Graft and Dishonest Graft) Lots of Hunters After a Very Sick Tiger Puck 1893

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George Washington Plunkitt understands the issues of the day. Can we learn what they are from him? The Curse of Civil Service Reform (p. 54-57) 1)Why is civil service reform so disliked by Plunkitt? Why is the spoils system so important to him? 2) Who is his audience, and would they agree that this great and glorious country was built up by political parties? 3) Why does he make references to becoming like Russia or a czar or sultan turning up? (p. 55 & 57)

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On The Use of Money in Politics (pp 88-90) In the process of running for President in the 2012 election, where do parties and candidates obtain campaign money? Where did parties and candidates find campaign money according to Plunkitt? What did Plunkitt see as important expenses for campaigns? Why did reformers want to pass laws such as the initiative, recall and referendum? The Pendleton Act?

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Samuel P. Hays Reform in Municipal Government (p. 297) Reformers, therefore, wished not simply to replace bad men with good; they proposed to change the occupational and class origins of decision-makers equalization of political power through the primary, direct election of public officials, and the initiative, referendum and recall Far more important innovations which centralized decision-making in the hands of fewer and fewer people. Tammany Tiger Loose Nast/ Harpers Weekly 1871

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Lincoln Steffens Exposes Tweed Days in St. Louis Source: Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities, American Century Series (New York: McClure, Philips & Co., 1904; Hill and Wang, 1957), 1941. http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5733/

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On The Shame Of The Cities (p. 64) I aint no looter. The looter hogs it. I never hogged. I made my pile in politics, but at the same time, I served the organization and got more big improvements for New York City than any other livin man. And I never monkeyed with the penal code. P. 65 = Comparison of Philadelphia where Americans rule (more corrupt) vs. NYC where the Irish rule. Tammany Hall

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Corroboration exercise: (pp113-114) Two reviews of the series of plain talks. Brief Plunkitt biography (p. 105) Anti-Plunkitt election pamphlets (pp. 109- 110) Lincoln Steffens, New York: Good Government in Danger (pp. 123-134) Plunkitt Chronology (p. 135-136)

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Tammany depended for its power on government contracts, jobs, patronage, corruption, and ultimately the ability of its leaders to swing the popular vote. The last element weakened after 1940 with the decline of relief programs like WPA and CCC that Tammany used to gain and hold supporters. Congressman Christopher "Christy" Sullivan was one of the last "bosses" of Tammany Hall before its collapse.WPACCCChristopher "Christy" Sullivan Tammany never recovered, but it staged a small scale come-back in the early 1950s under the leadership of Carmine DeSapio, who succeeded in engineering the elections of Robert Wagner, Jr. as mayor in 1953 and Averell Harriman as state governor in 1954, while simultaneously blocking his enemies, especially Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. in the 1954 race for state Attorney General.Carmine DeSapioRobert Wagner, Jr.Averell HarrimanFranklin D. Roosevelt, Jr. Eleanor Roosevelt organized a counterattack with Herbert Lehman and Thomas Finletter to form the New York Committee for Democratic Voters, a group dedicated to fighting Tammany. In 1961, the group helped remove DeSapio from power. The once mighty Tammany political machine, now deprived of its leadership, quickly faded from political importance, and by the mid-1960s it ceased to exist. Eleanor RooseveltHerbert LehmanThomas Finletter 1955

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The Sage of Tammany Hall By EDWARD T. O'DONNELL Published: August 28, 2005 http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/nyr egion/thecity/28plun.html http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/nyr egion/thecity/28plun.html

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A resident artist of Hull House, extracting from Addams' central theory on symbolic interactionism, used the neighborhood and its people to write his 1948 best seller, Knock on Any Door. Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/jane-addams#ixzz1ntpwvXgV Knock on Any Doorhttp://www.answers.com/topic/jane-addams#ixzz1ntpwvXgV (see Legacy section in web site.) KNOCK ON ANY DOOR presents in stark detail a picture of both early twentieth century sociological theory and the pre-Warren Court criminal justice system. The first 343 pages can readily be used as a case study against which to analyze and critique contemporary sociological, psychological, and philosophical views of the relationship between environment and criminal behavior in its many permutations, especially juvenile justice. (Heffernan and Kleinig). The last 160 pages can serve as a benchmark or initial position from which to measure the impact of the Warren Court criminal justice decisions on police and court practices. (Thomas). They could thus serve as a case study in courses in criminology, constitutional law, and political sociology. http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/motley0408.htm Humphrey Bogart and John Derek starred in the 1949 film. [Director Nicholas Ray would later expand on themes touched upon in Knock on a Any Door in his juvenile delinquent "chef d'oeuvre" Rebel without a Cause. Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/knock-on-any-door-1#ixzz1ntp57mOQ]Nicholas RayRebel without a Causehttp://www.answers.com/topic/knock-on-any-door-1#ixzz1ntp57mOQ

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The Toulmin Model of Argument revised (the components for the analysis of an assertion)

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Claim: the position or claim being argued for; the conclusion of the argument. Grounds: reasons or supporting evidence that bolster the claim. Warrant: the principle, provision or chain of reasoning that connects the grounds/reason to the claim. Backing: support, justification, reasons to back up the warrant. Rebuttal/Reservation: exceptions to the claim; description and rebuttal of counter-examples and counter-arguments. Qualification: specification of limits to claim, warrant and backing. The degree of conditionality asserted.

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http://pdfcast.org/pdf/toulmin-model-of- argumentation http://pdfcast.org/pdf/toulmin-model-of- argumentation You can download this PPT (pdf) that offers a basic explanation of the Toulmin Model. The links on the last page of the PPT offer further explanation