designed by pyeongsug kim ©2010 [email protected]@att.net si session (with answers) lab practice...

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 [email protected]

SI SessionSI Session(With Answers)(With Answers)

Lab PracticeLab PracticeScientific method

MicroscopePhylogeny

CyanobacteriaFungi

Heterotrophic Protists

Spring 2010

For Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 Class

Picture from http://es.toonpool.com/cartoons/MICROSCOPE%20LOOKING_27378

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009

1. Define the scientific method.

2. List the main steps to the scientific method.

3. What is the difference between a null and alternative hypothesis?

• A procedure used to solve problems or answer questions.• A way of thinking and looking at the world.• A technique used to gather information and reach conclusions.

Observation Hypothesis Experiment Conclusion

If the results do not support hypothesis

Then revise the hypothesis

Reference: Dr. Hughey’s Bio30 class slide

Null hypothesis - a concept which arises in the context of statistical hypothesis testing. The null hypothesis set out for a particular significance test always occurs in conjunction with an alternative hypothesis. Alternative hypothesis - the possibility that an observed effect is genuine and the null hypothesis is the rival possibility that it has resulted from chance. --From Wikipedia

Hypothesis –

How test –

Independent –

Dependent –

Control –


4. Based on what you see in front of you, write a hypothesis. How would you test your hypothesis? In your test, what are your independent and dependent variables, and your controls?

Plants grow faster when illuminated with 500 nm light than with 660 nm light.

30 lights with different wave length

Wave length of each light

The length of plants at limited time(e.g. 1 month)

Same temperature, same species, same pot, same amount of water, same soil…


5. You go to field trip to hunt mushroom for Bio3 Botany class at Rip Van Winkle Open Space Park Pacific Grove,CA. You find a beautiful fungus. How do you identify the fungus? List at least 4 ways.

____________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

_________________________________________

1) Ask Botanist

2) Find botany book and compare the picture

3) Use dichotomous key

4) DNA analysis

A DB C

E

6. In the a dichotomous key, Fill in the blank.

2. Outline of leaf oval-shaped ...........____2. Outline of blade star-shaped .........____

1. Leaves flat ---------------------------------- 21. Leaves needle-like or scale-like ------ 3

3. Length of leaf more than 1cm long ---------- 43. Length of leaf less than 0.5 cm long ---------- _____

4. Blades arranged in cluster ------------------------ _____4. Blades scattered or alternated--------------------_____


CB

D

E

A

http://kirbypl.wilkes.edu/alternateneedle.html

http://kirbypl.wilkes.edu/Thujaoccidentalis.html

http://kirbypl.wilkes.edu/needlec.html

http://kirbypl.wilkes.edu/alternateneedle.html

http://kirbypl.wilkes.edu/Thujaoccidentalis.html

http://kirbypl.wilkes.edu/needlec.html


7. Using the specimens in front of you, write a dichotomous key.

A BC D

E

1. Leaves broad .………………………..21. Leaves needle-like or scale-like ……..3

2. Outline of blade serrate ............ 42. Outline of blade round …........ B

4. Arrangement of leaves opposite ............ D4. Arrangement of leaves whirl .…........ A

3. Scale-like leaves, less than 0.5 cm long ............ C3. Needle-like leaves, more than 3 cm long .…........ E


9. Define the following terms. a) Parfocal –

b) Maginification -

c) Resolution –

d) Field of view -

8. Name the following microscopes.

the diameter of the circle of view you can see when looking down a microscope

a measurement of clarity, the smallest distance between two points on a specimen that can still be distinguished.

the number of times an image is enlarged.

stay in focus when magnification is changed


10. What are the names of these parts? Write each function.

D

C

A

B

Ocular(eye pieces): the part to view the species; Magnify (usually 10X ).

(Objectives): Magnification

Coarse adjustment knob: Focus

Fine adjustment knob: Focus


10X

40X 100X

40X

10X 100X

11. Total magnification on the slide in view?

12. Total magnification on the slide in view?

100X

400X


10X 40X

Diameter?

100X

Diameter?

Diameter?Cell length?

40X

13. Calculate the diameter of field of view and the length of cell.

1.4mm 0.35mm

0.14mm0.0875mm


10X 40X

Diameter?

100X

Diameter?

Diameter?Cell length?

100X

14. Calculate the diameter of field of view and the length of cell.


15. Construct a cladogram based on the data provided below.sCalculate the diameter of field of view and the length of cell.

*Please, replace “present” with “1” and “absent” with “0.”


Green Algae

Bryophyte

Pteridophyte

Gymnosperm Angiosperm

TerrestrialCuticle

Sporophyte Dorminant?

Vascular tissueIndependent gametophyte and Sporophyte

Nonmotile sperm

Branching sporophyte

Independent gametophyte and Sporophyte absent

Pollen

Secondary growthSeeds

FlowersFruit


A:B:C:D:

E:F:G:H:

Cap(pileus)GillRingStalk,Stipe

SporesVolvaHypa(e)Mycelium

17. What is “conidial fungi”? Give two examples.


19. We often see the bread mold.

A

B

C

D

A: ______________B: ______________C: ______________D: ______________

What happens in the structure of B?

What is the function of the structure D?

18. What is “fruit or fruiting body” in the fungi?

SporesSporangiaSporangiophoreRhizoids

Produce spores

Support and absorption

Ascomycota fungi with asexual reproductive system that is by the formation of conidia, which are borne on specialized stalks called conidiophores.

Penicillum, Aspergillus

Spore bearing structure

Phylum ______________

Genus ______________

Basidiomycota

Coprinus


Gill__________

_______________Basidiospores

BasidiumBasidiospores

Sexual? Asexual?

_________________________

Basidium- A small, specialized club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the tips of minute projections.


21. Phylum ____________ What is the name of the sac-like structure in view?

What are inside?

Is this structure for asexual or sexual reproduction?

22. Phylum ____________ What is the name of the structure?

What happens in these structure in view?

Asci

Ascospores

sexual

Ascomycota

Ascomycota

Conidia

Produce conidiospores (asexual)


23. What is the common name of the photosynthetic organism in front of you?

How many of organisms are there in each specimen? What are they? What type of relationship are there (e.g parasitic, symbiosis, friendship, enemies,….etc)?

What types of growth form are in A, B, & C? A:_____________ B:_____________ C:_____________ D:_____________

A B

C

Lichen

Two; Algae + fungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota)

Symbiosis (mutualism)

FruticoseCrustoseFruticoseFoliose

D

24. You are looking at lichen. What is the name of layer in the black or purple dot?


25. The left side is come from roots of a plant. What is the things penetrating the root?

What is the relationship presented?

Algal layer

Fungi

Symbiosis (mutualism)


26. The left sides are come from roots of a plant. What is the relationship presented? Explain in detail (e.g. things that they give and take each other.)Give the name in each slide.

A:_________________

B:_________________

What is the difference between A and B?

A

B

Ectomycorrhiza

Endomycorrhiza

A - Fungal hyphae penetrate the plant cell wall in root.B – Fungi wrap outside root.

The plant provides fungi with nutrient(carbohydrates).The fungi help the plant to obtain nitrogen and protect the plant from pathogen.


Phylum ______________

Genus ______________

Euglenophyta

Euglena.

Motile? Nonmotile?

How do you know?Euglenoids have flagella for movement.

How many of flagella does it have?What is each function?Two unequal flagellalocomotion; unemergent(?)

What is the arrow pointing? Function?Stigma(Eyespot)Light-sensing sytem


28. Kingdom _____________ Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

Label A(B):____________________ C:____________________ D:____________________ E: oogonial stalk F:_______________________ G:_______________________

Sexual or Asexual?

G

F

AntheridiumOogoniumEgg

Oospore(after fertilization) or ZygoteHypae (collectively mycelium)

Sexual

OomycotaSaprolegnia

Protist

http://protist.i.hosei.jp/PDB/Images/Eumycota/Saprolegnia/Saprolegnia.jpg


29. The slides and picture are shown sexual reproduction system. How do they fertilize to make zygotes?

Sperm migrate toward the egg cell through a fertilization tube sperm fertilization tube.


30. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

31. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

Label and function A: ____________________ B: ____________________

A B

CyanophytaNostoc

CyanophytaAnabaena

Heterocyst- Nitrogen fixation Akinete-Resting spores: Cells that are resistant to unfavorable conditions.


Phylum ___________AscomycotaGenus ____________Morchella

Phylum ____________Genus ____________

BasidiomycotaAgaricus

Phylum ___________Genus ____________Amanita

Basidiomycota Phylum ____________Genus ____________

ChytridiomycotaAllomyces


Phylum ______________AscomycotaGenus ______________Penicillum

Phylum ______________AscomycotaGenus ______________Aspergillus

Both are _______________.conidial fungi

Sexual? Asexual?

Sexual? Asexual?


38. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

39. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

Label and what happens in these structure? A:_______________ B:_______________

B

A

CyanophytaOscillatoria

ZygosporangiumGametangia

ZygomycotaRhizopus

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40. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

41. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

42. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

43. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

OomycotaSaprolegnia

EuglenophytaEuglena.

DinophytaCeratium

DictyosteliomycotaDictyostelium.

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44. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

45. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

46. Phylum ______________ Genus ______________

DinophytaNoctiluca

MyxomycotaDictydium

DinophytaPeridium 47. Phylum ______________

Genus ______________Fuligo Myxomycota

*dog vomit, Slim mold

designed by pyeongsug kim ©2010 [email protected]@att.net si session (with answers) lab practice...

Documents

null hypothesis

alternative hypothesis

hypothesis reference

e slide

pyeongsug kim

leaves needle

soil slide

wikipedia slide