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Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2009 [email protected]
SI OnlineSI Online(practice questions)
Spring 2009
Topic 25, 26Topic 25, 26Woody Stems and Secondary Xylem
Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 Botany Lab.,
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What cause a plant to grow laterally (secondary growth)? (two things)
What is the name of the tip of a plant shoot or root that cause the plant to increase in length (primary growth)? Apical meristem
Vascular cambiumCork cambium
Where is the primary growth of vascular system derived from? Procambium
A BC D
E
F
G
H
I
J
A:B:C:D:E:F:G:H:I:J:
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Secondary phloemPrimary phloem EpidermisPeridermCortexDilated phloem rayVascular cambiumSecondary xylemXylem rayPrimary xylem
Label
Which one causes secondary growth (grow in girth) in plants?G: Vascular cambium
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A B C D
E FWhat is the name of outer tissue that replaces the epidermisreplaces the epidermis as the secondary protective tissue of the plant? Periderm
B: Cork(phellem), C: Cork cambium, D: Phelloderm
A:B:C:D:E:F:
EpidermisCorkCork cambiumPhellodermCollenchymaParenchyma
Label.
It consists of three parts. What are they?
What is the name of meristem that produces the periderm?C: Cork cambium
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A
B C
DE
F
G
I
A:B:C:D:E:F:G(1,2,&3):H(line):I:
Vascular cambiumLenticelCortexPeridermPhloem raySecondary xylem Growth rings Xylem rayPith
H
Label.
Which part can be used to estimate the age of plant?
Parenchyma(ground tissue)What type of tissue in the structure I?G: growth ring
What is the function of structure B?Gas exchange
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A
BC
DE
FA:B:C:D:E:F:G(b/w C and D)
LenticelEpidermisCorkPhellodermCortexCuticle Cork cambium
Label
Which one causes secondary growth (grow in girth) in plants?G: Cork cambiumWhat is function of structure A?Lenticel: gas exchange
G
Is the structure G living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Cork cambium:Living tissue
Is the structure C living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Cork: Non-living tissue
Is the structure D living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Phlelloderm: Living parenchyma tissue
A
B
CDE
Label.A:B:C:D:E:
epidermis(dead)CorkCork cambiumPhellodermCortex
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Is the structure C living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Cork cambium:Living tissue
Is the structure B living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Cork: Non-living tissue
Is the structure D living or nonliving tissue at maturity?Phlelloderm: Living parenchyma tissue
What is collectively called the structure B, C, & D? Periderm
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A: Sap woodB: Heart wood
ASecondary xylemWhat is wood?
What are names of A& B?
B
Is part B living or non-living(dead) tissue?Heartwood: Non-living(dead) tissue
Is part A living or non-living(dead) tissue?Sapwood: Living tissue
What is the function of A?Sapwood: Water conductingReserve materials
What is the function of B?Heartwood: Support but non-conducting
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A
B
C
D
G
E
F
Label.
A:B:C:D:E:F:G:
Outer barkInner bark (secondary phloem)Vascular cambiumSecondary xylemGrowth ringPhloem rayXylem ray
What is collectively called all the tissues outside the structure C? BarkWhat consists of?
Secondary phloem& periderm
Label.
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A
B
C
ED
A:B:C:D:E:F:
Terminal budLateral budTerminal bud-scale scarsBud scarLeaf scarLenticels
F
G
H
I
J
G:H:I:J:K:
Terminal budLateral budTerminal bud-scale scarsLeaf scarLenticels K
What is the function of structure F or K?Lenticels: Gas exchange
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How can we estimate the age of stem in a plant?Count the portion of the stem between terminal bud-scale scars.
How old is the left stem? 6-year old
What is the name of yellowish structure?Function?Lenticel: gas exchange
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6-year old
Count the growth rings.How can we estimate the age of a plant?
How old is the left plant?
What kinds of plant can be this structure seen in?A
B
Softwood? hardwood? How do you know?Softwood; Tracheids only present.
A:B:
Resin ductRay
Conifers
Label.
What is the function of A?
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Secrete and carry resin.
What type of vascular tissue are you seen?
Secondary xylem
Hardwod; Both tracheids & vessel elements present.
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Magnoliids and Eudicots
Softwood? hardwood? How do you know?
What kinds of plant can be this structure seen in?
What type of vascular tissue are you seen?
Secondary xylem
Softwood?Hardwood?
Softwood
Hardwood
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A
B
Which one, A or B is early wood? Late wood?
A: late wood vesselB: early wood vessel
Softwood HardwoodHardwood
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What kind of section are you seen in each?
Radial sectionTransverse section
Tangential section
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What kind of section are you seen in each?
Radial section
Transverse section Radial section
Tangential section
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Radial section Transverse section
Tangential section
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Radial section
Transverse section Tangential section