day 5-guidelines in preparing questions

7/29/2019 Day 5-Guidelines in Preparing Questions

1/20

GUIDELINES IN PREPARING

QUESTIONS FORINTERVIEWS

By: Maria Luz Lourdes M. Paulino, RN, MBA


2/20

Session Objectives

At the end of the session, the students willbe able to:

Discuss the types of research data

Design a data collection instrument adheringto the guidelines in preparing questions for

interviews

Prepare a cover letter for the assigned firm orcompany


3/20

Types of research data

Primary data vs. secondary data

Quantitative vs. qualitative data


4/20

2.1 Interview

Data Collection Methods

1. Primary Data (Observation)

2.1 Direct observation

2.2 Using instruments

2. Primary Data (Query)

2.2 Use of a questionnaire

3. Secondary Data (Review of records)

2.3 Focus Group Discussion


5/20

1. Interview - questioning of a person or aconversation in which information are elicited ;

the form contains set of questions that are read

out by the interviewer to the respondent.2. Use of Questionnaire - a set of questions is sent

and answered separately by each survey

participant

3. Focus-group discussion - discussion ofapproximately 6 - 12 persons guided by a

facilitator

Primary Data


6/20

Before using secondary data,

determine the following:

Secondary Data

1. if data/ information are available

2. accuracy of data

3. acceptability of the primary

method of data collection


7/20

Steps in formulating the questions:

1. List and define the topic(s)

2. For each topic, decide - number/type of questions

3. Formulate questions

4. Pilot testing and revise

Interview/Questionnaire


8/20

OPEN-ENDED:

questions wherein a space is providedfor the answers of the respondents

CLOSED-ENDED:

question that has a finite set ofanswers predetermined by theresearcher from which therespondent chooses


9/20

Closed-endedLikert-scale items

Allows the respondent to agree or disagree with a

series of statements. (Note, these are statements, notquestions.)

Questions about attitudes are often asked using likertscales which force the respondent to place themselves

on a continuum of responses that typically include"strongly agree," "agree," "neutral," "disagree," and"strongly disagree".


10/20

Closed-ended Likert-scale items


11/20

Guides for Question Formulation

1. Use words that are:

Specific and clear

Simple words and simple/short

sentences

Know exactly what the investigator isasking.

Avoid asking questions that have several

possible meanings.


12/20

Question Formulation2. Ask questions that one can expect to know

the answers/accurately answer

3. For closed-type,

- provide exhaustive choices (categoriesavailable to all)

- provide an option others, specify__________

- provide mutually exclusive choices (no

overlap)


13/20

loaded questions

double-barreled

leading questions

double negatives

ambiguous

complex questions

with technical

terms

Avoid the ff types of questions


14/20

Double-barreledQuestions that have more than one concept beingasked; do not combine conflicting statements in

one Q.

Examples: Do you think that banning liquor or alcohol is good for the health and

the economy of the country?

Loaded questionQuestions are emotionally charged, with false or disputed

presupposition.

Examples:

Would you favor or oppose abortion by agreeing with a woman's freechoice concerning delivery of a child?


15/20

Leading QuestionQuestion that has a view or summary of a position of acurrent or recent event which asks for a response. Thistends to lead the respondent in a given direction.

Examples:

The Secretary of DOH states that drinking liquor or alcohol is harmful to one'shealth. Do you encourage your children to drink liquor or alcohol?

Double-NegativesQuestions using the word "not which are often confusing because responding

"no" creates a double negative

Do you think that not drinking liquor or alcohol is good?many respondents will either read over the word not, or will be confused bythe double negative in the question and their response.


16/20

Ambiguous/vagueNot clear and/or different meaningExamples:

What activity do you want to participate in?

Complex questionLong and numerous ideas

Example:

Given the current trend in sports, do you think thatsteroids use should be banned even though it is notenforced?


17/20

Question sequencing Organize the questions in sections

concerning major themes all relatedquestions should come up before a second

topic is raised.

Easy-to-answer questions at the beginningto make the respondent feel good

The more sensitive questions last

Avoid Conditional or Skip Logic questions


18/20

FormatIntroduction

Thank the respondent for taking the time to complete thesurvey questionnaires

State the following:

purpose of survey reason for participation and the importance of the

information timeframe to complete the survey

Assurance of confidentiality and how results will be used instructions on how to accomplish the survey questionnaires contact detailsBody Double-spaced to facilitate reading

Proper section headingEnd or thank you page


19/20

Preparation for data collectionFor questionnaire

Develop cover letterIntroduction

Ask if respondent needs any other

help from you and how you can becontacted


20/20

THANK YOU FOR

LISTENING!!!!

day 5-guidelines in preparing questions

Documents