daryl burdon 1 & jon atkins 2 flamborough head: a marbef case study site daryl burdon 1 &...
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Flamborough Head: A MarBEF Case Study Site
Daryl BurdonDaryl Burdon11 & Jon Atkins & Jon Atkins22
1 Institute of Estuarine & Coastal Studies (IECS), University of Hull2 Centre for Economic Policy, The Business School, University of Hull
EU MarBEF ProjectEU MarBEF Project“Aims to integrate and disseminate knowledge and
experience on marine biodiversity, and contribute towards a decision support system for valuing marine
biodiversity and ecosystem functioning”
“Theme 3 of the programme encompasses socio-economics, including valuation of goods and services
provided by coastal and marine ecosystems”
www.marbef.org
Why use the Ecosystem Goods and Why use the Ecosystem Goods and Services approach?Services approach?
• Integrative approach to identifying social, economic and environmental demands and pressures on ecosystems.
• Allows linkages between human and ecological systems to be understood by all stakeholders.
• Informs coastal managers and policy makers.
Ecosystem Goods and ServicesEcosystem Goods and ServicesCategory Good or service
Production services1 Food provision
2 Raw materials
Regulation services
3 Gas and climate regulation
4 Disturbance prevention
5 Bioremediation of waste
Cultural services
6 Cultural heritage and identity
7 Cognitive values
8 Leisure and recreation
9 Feel good or warm glow
Option use values 10 Future unknown or speculative benefits
Over-arching support services
11 Resilience and resistance
12 Biologically mediated habitat
13 Nutrient cycling
From Beaumont et al., 2007
MarBEF Study SitesMarBEF Study Sites
Study site Lead research institution
Flamborough Head University of Hull, UK
Isles of Scilly Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK
Pico-Faial ChannelUniversity of Azores /University of Wales
Belgian part of the North Sea
University of Ghent, Belgium
Lister Deep Roskilde University, Denmark
Gulf of Gdańsk University of Gdańsk, Poland
Atlantic Frontier Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK
Why Flamborough Head?Why Flamborough Head?
• Well defined area.
• Wide range of stakeholder involvement.
• Of recognised national, European and international importance.
Box 1: Current Site Designations
Flamborough Head and Bempton
Cliffs Special Protection Area (SPA). Flamborough Head Special Area of
Conservation (SAC). European Marine Site (EMS). Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Flamborough Headland Heritage Coast. Dane’s Dyke Local Nature Reserve (LNR). Flamborough Outer Headland LNR. Flamborough South Landing LNR.
Goods and Services at Flamborough HeadGoods and Services at Flamborough Head
Questionnaire SurveyQuestionnaire Survey• The MarBEF survey was
designed to gain insight into how visitors to the various case study sites value their marine biodiversity.
• The Flamborough Head survey was undertaken between Tuesday 18th September and Tuesday 6th November 2007 at four locations around the headland.
• 230 questionnaires were completed including 222 ‘visitors’ and 8 ‘residents’.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 Over 75
Age (years)
Fre
qu
ency
Demographic of RespondentsDemographic of Respondents
Number of visitors interviewed from each
postcode district
Length of visitor stay
Number of nights Frequency % of respondents
0 101 46
1-3 64 30
4-7 45 20
8-14 8 4
>14 3 1
Total 221 100
Reasons for visitingReasons for visiting
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
Business/work
Visiting family
Abundance and diversity of marine life
Weather conditions
Aquatic activities
Local landscape and natural features
Hospitality and local gastronomy
Peacefulness
Holiday home (owned)
Holiday home (short-term rent)
Other
Frequency
1%
8%
40%
19%
5%
77%
5%
36%
5%
6%
22%
Participation in environmental Participation in environmental related activitiesrelated activities
0 50 100 150 200 250
Read or watched TV aboutenvironmental conservation
Recycled household waste
Subscribed to environmentalconservation magazines
Selected one product over anotherbecause it's more environmentally
friendly
Given money or raised money forenvironmental conservation
Actively campaigned about anenvironmental issue
Member of an environmentalconservation group
Frequency
94%
97%
21%
71%
50%
17%
30%
Marine BiodiversityMarine Biodiversityat Flamborough Headat Flamborough Head
GroupReported number
of speciesSource
Marine Invertebrates 270 George et al., 1988; Titley, 1988
Marine Fish 124 Jones et al., 2004a; Jones et al., 2004b
Sea Mammals 14 Sea Watch Foundation, 2007
Sea Birds 32Jones et al., 2004a; N. Cutts, IECS,
pers. comm., 2007
Marine Algae 112 George et al., 1988; Titley, 1988
Photo Montage 1Photo Montage 1
Valuation of Marine Biodiversity Valuation of Marine Biodiversity ConservationConservation
Willing to support Frequency % Frequency
Yes 140 63
No 82 37
Total 222 100
“…Suppose the only way to prevent a loss of species living in the sea around Flamborough Head was to establish a neutral
conservation trust fund which could only be legally used for marine conservation of various types. Would you be willing to contribute in
a once only payment to such a conservation trust fund?...”
Maximum Willingness-to-PayMaximum Willingness-to-Pay
Group n Min (£) Max (£) Mean (£) Std. Dev. (£) Median (£)
Marine Invertebrates 139 0.00 100.00 12.26 17.90 10.00
Marine Fish 139 0.00 100.00 12.30 17.67 6.00
Sea Mammals 139 0.00 100.00 14.64 19.98 10.00
Sea Birds 139 0.00 100.00 13.71 19.50 10.00
Marine Algae 139 0.00 100.00 12.65 19.15 6.00
Marine Biodiversity 139 1.00 1,000.00 71.91 123.41 40.00
“…What would be the maximum amount you would be willing to pay, in a once only payment to such a conservation trust, in order to avoid a
decline in the number of species of marine invertebrates by 10% (c. 27 sp)?...”
Our work is ongoing…Our work is ongoing…
• Ongoing?
…clearly visitors value Flamborough Head’s marine biodiversity but how do these values compare with those offered at the other MarBEF sites?
• Our evidence compliments that already available for Flamborough Head.
…we are assembling all such evidence to permit a more complete evaluation of the ecosystem goods and services provided by Flamborough Head.
Further InformationFurther Information
• Website: www.marbef.org
• Beaumont et al., 2007. ‘Identification, definition and quantification of goods and services provided by marine biodiversity: Implications for the ecosystem approach’. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54(3), pp. 253-265.
• Burdon, D. & Atkins, J.P., in prep. ‘An initial economic evaluation of marine goods and services at Flamborough Head, UK’. IECS, University of Hull. Report to the EC.