BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING

(HONOURS)

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY III (QSB2514 / BLD60304)

GROUP ASSIGNMENT BLOCK WORK SYSTEM (IBS)

Group Member : LOH WEN JUN 0323551

: NG CHUAN KAI 0323738

: MUHAMMAD FAREZ 0322961

TUTOR :MR CHAI VOON CHIET

INTAKE :MARCH 2017 SEMESTER 3

Content

No. Topic Page

1 Introduction 1

2 Manufacturing Process 2-4

3 Advantages and disadvantages 5-6

4 Case Study 7-14

5 Reference 15

Introduction

Blockwork is construction with concrete or cement blocks that are larger than

a standard clay or concrete brick. To make them lighter and easier to work with they

have a hollow core that also improves their insulation capacity. They are available in

a variety of densities to suit different applications. Their convenience and cost

effectiveness have made them a popular alternative to clay bricks although they

require an additional finish for reasons of aesthetics and water resistance. They are

often used to build internal partition walls and retaining walls.

Block work in IBS system is interlocking concrete block that are a way to

build a strong wall without mortar. Interlocking block walls don't require a footing,

but some styles require you to set the first course in a trench to hold the bottom of the

wall in place

The Malaysia construction industry faces unique challenges in transforming

construction into a modern and efficient industry by using Industrialised Building

System . It involves prefabrication and installation of components at the construction

site. Currently the most popular type of manufacturing in Malaysia is off-site which is

situated at a significant distance from the site. The current system of IBS consists of

precast component systems, formworks systems, steel framing systems, prefabricated

timber framing systems, block work systems and innovative systems, which have

started to replace the traditional method. This research studies is to highlight the

manufacture process,advantages and disadvantages and case study of block work

systems in the Malaysian construction industry and international industry.

Manufacturing Process

Block work system(IBS) is a pre-cast component or it can be made on site using

compaction.It’s material could found easily in local. The production of these block

work include of four process which is mixing, molding, curing and cubing in the

factory.

Material used

The block is made up of a mixture of powdered portland cement, water, sand, and

gravel.The concrete mixture has a higher percentage of sand and a lower percentage

of gravel and water than the concrete mixtures .This is based on the construction

general information.This produces a dry and hard block that maintain its shape. The

block also could contain various chemicals or admixtures to decrease curing time,

increase strength or improve workability.

Mixing

1. The sand and gravel are stored outside in piles and are transferred into storage bins

in the plant by a conveyor belt as they are needed. The portland cement is stored

outside in large vertical silos to protect it from moisture.

2. As a production run starts, the required amounts of sand, gravel, and cement are

transferred by gravity or by mechanical means to a weigh batcher which measures

the proper amounts of each material.

3. The dry materials then flow into a stationary mixer where they are mixed together

for several minutes.

4. After the dry materials are blended, a small amount of water is added to the mixer.

Admixture may also be added at this time. The concrete is then mixed few

minutes.

Molding

1. The concrete mixture is moving to an inclined bucket and move to an elevated

hopper.The mixing cycle start again.

2. The concrete is conveyed to another hopper on top of block machine.The

concrete is forcing downward to the mold.

3. When the mold is full, the concrete is compacted with supplemented by air or

hydraulic pressure cylinders on the mold head.Some machines use mechanical

vibration for compaction.

4. The compacted blocks are pushed down and out of the molds onto a flat steel

pallet. The pallet and blocks are pushed out of the machine and onto a chain

conveyor. The blocks then pass under a rotating brush to removes loose

material from the top.

Curing

1. The blocks are move to an automated stacker or loader which places them in a

curing rack and move into curing klin.

2. There are 2 types of curing klin which are low-pressure steam klin which rest at

room temperature to allow them to harden slightly and steam temperature will be

raised and high-pressure steam klin which rapidly raise the temperature and

pressure and vented rapidly.

Cubing

1. This is the process where the cured block will be remove from klin and the pallets

of blocks are unstacked and placed on a chain conveyor.

2. Then, place them in order into a cube form for storage or transfer to site.

Installation Process

The block work has the same installation process as the brick work. For the

interlocking blocks, the only different is where the interlocking blocks only need a

minimum amount of mortar to combine the blocks.

1.The blocks a stack on the first layer.

2.A small amount of mortal is place in the middle and additional rebar is place at the

same time.

3.The blocks is stack on the first layer with the interlocking shape.

4.The process is repeating again and again.

ADVANTAGES

1: Blockwork constructions are durable

They can withstand severe weather and temperatures, and as long you have decent

insulation they can have a very low U value.

2: You can construct entirely on site

You can keep all the work in one area. This means that fewer journeys are required to

transport construction materials from one place to another. In this respect, brick and block constructions are therefore much greener.

3: Finding professionals will be easy

Finding skilled workers to work on them will be very simple. And as the construction

all happens on-site, it will be quick to rectify any problems which arise as everybody involved will be in the same place.

4: Blockwork constructions have a higher thermal mass

With all constructions it’s important that good insulation is installed. However, brick

and block is the best material in terms of its natural ability to reflect internal heat back into the home. Lighter constructions require large amounts of insulation to be additionally fitted to make them satisfy modern building regulations. Building with

brick and block means you’ll save energy and money without having to reduce your indoor temperature.

5: They’re also fire resistant and block out more sound

In parts of the world which are prone to wildfires, brick and block should be the

number one form of construction because it increases the chance of a home not burning to the ground. This is why chimneys are ordinarily constructed out of brick, regardless what the rest of the house consists of.

The density of brick and block masonry also means you’ll have less noise pollution

invading your house from outside. It easily absorbs sound and blocks it out, especially when you also fit cavity wall or solid wall insulation.

DISADVANTAGES

1: There’s a limit to how much insulation can be installed in a brick cavity wall

While brick and block constructions can be insulated to have one of the lowest U

values possible, there is a limit to how much can be installed between cavity walls. Ideally the cavity shouldn’t be more than 10 cm if you don’t want to risk structural

issues.

2: Despite construction taking place in one location, it can be very slow

Masonry is a form of wet construction, meaning it needs time to fully dry out at

several intervals. Therefore building with brick and block can take longer than building with timber and other materials.

3: In cavity construction, there is a risk of settlement cracks

Because the individual walls used for cavity walls are usually tall and thin, they can

often be prone to settlement cracks. You should therefore be very careful and have a good attention to detail if you’re mainly using brick and block for your cavity walls.

4: Block constructions can’t take place in severe weather

If it’s raining heavily or temperatures have dropped below freezing, masonry can’t be laid or it will form a building that’s structurally unsound. This is because, as mentioned above, it’s a wet form of construction and needs to dry adequately. If it

freezes, certain parts of the construction could expand and need replacing. This is why in some parts of the world where the climate is very cold or moist, you’ll notice more timber constructions than brick and block.

5: Block walling cavities could allow a route indoors for dampness

If too much mortar drops on the cavity ties above the dpc (damp proof course) level or by the insulation bats, unintended bridges could form and allow damp to seep through

to the inner skin of the wall. It wouldn’t take long for this to become a big problem, so it’s very important to be vigilant with the cleanliness of the inside of cavity walls.

Otherwise, the energy efficiency of your home would be limited from the very beginning.

CASE STUDY (LOCAL)

SMK Bandar Enstek Secondary School

Project name: SMK Bandar Enstek

Description of project: Classroom secondary school with 11 buildings for

classrooms, labs, workshops, OKU, Admin, Canteen, Guardhouse etc.

Function of building: Education school with facilities for secondary science and art

streams and handicapped students

Location: Bandar Enstek, Negeri Sembilan

Construction date: 27 March 2013 (start) to 27 March 2015 (end)

Construction period: 24 months

Owner: Ministry of Education

Project Teams:

Project Management Consultant: NIL Management Consultancy

Architect: Syed Ahmad Ibrahim Associate Architects Sdn. Bhd.

Consulting Engineer: ATE Consult Sdn. Bhd. / Perunding Inovasi

Contractor: Dasacon Sdn. Bhd.

Type of IBS:

Manufacturer: Integrated Brickworks Sdn. Bhd.

IBS System: Loadbearing Blockwork System

IBS Products/Components: Concrete Masonry System

Classroom:

Blockwork system used to construct columns and wall panels for the classrooms.

Concrete blocks used are hollow at the centre to reduce the overall weight of the

block. The holes at the centre of the block will be filled with reinforced concrete and

rebar to

improve

its

durability and strength.

Classroom after constructed the second floor with blocks. The blocks are also mesh

with reinforcement bars to increase the tensile strength.

Laboratory:

The beginning of construction of the laboratory. The ground is filled with wet

concrete for stability and is trowelled to smoothen the surface. Concrete blocks are

then stacked at the bottom on the wet concrete.

Laboratory is constructing in midway and concrete block is stacked for the wall

panels.

Workshop:

Blockwork is also used to construct the workshop for the secondary school. Block are

stacked at the edge to build wall panels.

Workshop constructed is partially done. Block wall is left with an appealing face-

brick finish and left exposed.

CASE STUDY (INTERNATIONAL)

Oyster Grande Apartment

Project name: Oyster Grande

Description of project: Residential unit, gym, multi-purpose hall, clubhouse, garden

deck, shopping mall

Function of building: Living apartment with features and facilities for convenience

of residents

Location: Gurgaon, New Delhi, India

Construction date: 2012 (start) to 2016 (end)

Construction period: 48 months

Owner: Adani Group and M2K Group

Type of IBS: Blockwork system

Tower A:

4th floor of concrete is partially completed

Block work in progress for wall panel. The block wall will be plaster and paint to be

finished.

Tower B:

4th floor reinforcement and shuttering in progress

Blockwork in progress for wall panel and to be plaster and paint to be finished.

REFERENCE

1. A. (2013, July 28). Brickwork and blockwork. Retrieved June 15, 2017, from

http://www.yourhome.gov.au/materials/brickwork-and-blockwork

2. Brinkley, M. (2017, February 24). The Best Ways to Build in Blockwork.

Retrieved June 16, 2017, from https://www.homebuilding.co.uk/the-best-

ways-to-build-in-blockwork/

3.Jom Ibs Blockwork System. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20, 2017, from

https://wn.com/jom_ibs__blockwork_system

4. Welcome to Oyster Grande by Adani & M2K. (n.d.). Retrieved June 20,

2017, from http://www.adanim2k.com/

5.Doogstone Follow. (2012, March 05). Blockwork. Retrieved July 03, 2017,

from https://www.slideshare.net/doogstone/blockwork

6.Designing Buildings Wiki The construction industry knowledge base. (n.d.).

Retrieved July 03, 2017, from

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Blockwork

7.Wembley Innovation |. (n.d.). Retrieved July 03, 2017, from

http://www.wembleyinnovation.co.uk/