ABSTRACT

A PROJECT REPORT

ON

ONLINE RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM

By:-

PRIYA DAGUR

CLASS TEACHER:-MR. SACHIN JAIN

OVERVIEW OF PLATFORM USED:

The c# language:

C# is no doubt the language of choice in the .Net environment. It is a whole new language free of the backward compatibility curse with a whole bunch of new, exciting and promising features. It is an object oriented programming language and has at its core, many similarities to JAVA, C++ and VB. In fact, c# combines the power and efficiency of c++ , the simple and clean OO design of java and the language simplification of visual basic.

C# and java:Like java,c# also does allow multiple inheritance or the use of pointers,but does provide garbage memory collection at runtime,type and memory access checking. However,contrary to JAVA,c# maintains the unique useful operations of C++ like operator overloading,enumerations,pre-processor directives,pointers,function pointers(in the form of delegates)and promises to have template support in the next versions.

framework:In the .Net architecture and the .Net framework there are different important terms such as;

The common language runtime(CLR):

The most important concept of the .Net framework is the existence and functionality of the .Net common language runtime(CLR),also called .Net runtime for short. It is a framework layer that resides above the OS and handles the execution of all the .Net applications.

Our .Net applications

CLR

Windows OS

MSIL(Microsoft intermediate language)code:

When we compile our .Net program using any .Net compliant language,our source code does not get converted into the executable binary code,but to an intermediate code known as MSIL whish is interpreted by the CLR.MSIL is OS and hardware independent code. Upon program execution,this MSIL is converted to binary executable code. Language compiler just in time compiler

Just in time compilers(JITers):

The .Net languages , which is conforms to the Common Language Specification(CLS), uses its corresponding runtime to run the application on different Operating Systems . During the code execution time, the Managed Code compiled only when it is needed, that is it converts the appropriate instructions to the called. This process is called Just In Time (JIT) compilation, also known as Dynamic Translation . With the help of Just In Time Compiler (JIT) the Common Language Runtime (CLR) doing these tasks.

The framework class library(FCL):

MSIL codeCode in any .Net language

Executable native code

The .Net framework provides a huge framework class library for common,usual tasks.FCL contains thousands of classes to provide access to windows API and common functions like string manipulation,common data structure,IO streams,threads,data access etc.

The common language specification(CLS):

Common Language Specification (CLS) is a set of basic language features that .Net Languages needed to develop Applications and Services , which are compatible with the .Net Framework When there is a situation to communicate Objects written in different .Net Complaint languages , those objects must expose the features that are common to all the languages . Common Language Specification (CLS) ensures complete interoperability among applications, regardless of the language used to create the application.

The common type system(CTS):

.Net also defines a common type system(CTS). Like CLS,CTS is also a set of standards. CTS defines the basic data types that IL understands.

The .Net framework:

The .Net framework is a combination of layers of CLR,FCL,data and XML classes and our windows,wed applications and web

services. A diagram of the .Net framework is presented below for better understanding.

Our .Net applications

(winforms,web applications,web services)

Data (ADO .Net) and XML library

Framework class library(FCL)

(IO,streams,sockets,security,reflection,UI)

Common language runtime(CLR)

(debugger,type checking,JIT,exceptions,GC)

Window OS

INTRODUCTION

ONLINE RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM:In today’s fast improving world computers have become a part of life all over the world. The project “ONLINE RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM” is being proposed to booking the train tickets in online. This system will provide a user account for the every user. The user can create an account for login the system and booking any train tickets in quickly. Passenger can get the print-out of the ticket and know the status of the booking.The administrator should have the ability to perform operations like add a new train, modify the ticket costs and cancel a particular train. The administrator also has the privilege to view the reports of the all the passengers. The user should be able to access his/her account from anywhere just by inputting the correct user-id and password.This system will handle the following details:-v     User Detailsv     Train Detailsv     E-Ticket Bookingv     Generating Reports

This system using the well known resources.  Where there is no need of any special kind of resource.  It uses only the required databases.

Introduction to the Online Railway Reservation System:AIM:            The main aim of this project is to give efficient software to reserve, cancel and review the railway tickets through network in the name of “e-booking”.

REQUIREMENT ENGINEERING PROCESS:

Problem Statement:            The main objective of railway reservation project is to maintain the records of train details so that it could be easy for updating the reservation details.  The train details consists of train name, train no, destination to be reached, number of passengers traveling and number of seats available.  The reservation details consist of passengers, name, age, gender, destination to be reached by them, ticket numbers, and seat number.

Feasibility Study:            We use SQL as the backend and ASP.net as the front-end  as tool to develop this application.  By managing the

train details (i.e.,) updating the records with correct details and reservation details.  We can make the customers train journey as comfort as possible.  Thus it is worth in carrying out the requirement engineering process and system development.

Requirement Definition:            The train details consists of train name, train no, destination reached by the train, number of passengers traveling and number of seats available.            We can add a new train details.            We can delete it in case of his repair.            We can modify the train details in case of anyInconvenience (i.e.) the name and number of train can be changed its destination can also be changed.            The reservation details consist of passengers name, age, gender, destination they wanted to reach, ticket numbers, and seat number.

Requirement Analysis:             Due to this development project it will be easier for the railway system to make the customers journey as comfort as possible and so that to maintain the financial crisis of the system.            Internet facilities can’t  be provided within the time schedule.            The integration of this software with existing system is more complex in the limited schedule.

Requirement Specification:            The need for railway reservation system is to organize the records of railway system in the computer based software. The main objective of this system is to provide an automated method to organize the files in order for easy observance. This system will allow adding, removing, modifying and updating the details of the trains and customer to database.

FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:-In software engineering, a functional requirement defines afunction of a software-system or component. A function is described as aset of inputs, the behavior and outputs. Functional requirements may becalculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing andother specific functionality that show how a use case to be fulfilled. Typically, a requirements analyst generates functionalrequirements after building use cases. However, this may haveexceptions since software development is an iterative process andsometime certain requirements are conceived prior to the definition of theuse case. Both artifacts (use cases documents and requirementsdocuments) complement each other

in a bidirectional process.A typical functional requirement will contain a unique name andnumber, a brief summary, and a rationale. This information is used tohelp the reader understand why the requirement is needed, and to trackthe requirement through the development of the system. The core of the requirement is the description of the requiredbehavior, which must be a clear and readable description of the requiredbehavior. This behavior may come from organizational or business rule,or it may be discovered through elicitation sessions with users,stakeholders and other experts with Software requirements must be clear, correct unambiguous, specific and verifiable.Detailed Description of Functional Requirements:-Template for describing functional requirements.Purpose:-a description of the functional requirement its reason(s)

Inputs:- what are the input; in what form will they arrive; from whatsources can the input come; what are the legal domains of each input.

Processing:-Describes the outcome rather than the implementation;includes any validity checks on the data,

exact timing of each operation (if needed), how to handle unexpected orabnormal situations

Outputs:- The form, shape, description and volume of output; outputtiming; range of parameters in the output; unit measure of the output; process by which the output is stored ordestroyed; process for handling error message produced as output

ER- DIAGRAM

CONCLUSION:-

LIMITATION OF THE PROJECT:1. The most significant limitation of over project is its dependencyover the server because of this when is fail then whole work is to bestopped. 2. Response time of the system may vary because of variablenetwork speed.3. Another limitation of our project is that in this software andhardware requirement is high comparison of existing system.

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED: There were many difficulties that came in our way in the process of development of this real time project some of them are illustrated below.

1.Real time transfer of the file with minimum time delay.2.Searching an efficient security package and studying its usage.3.Enabling the multi user environment and simultaneous usage of files.

 FUTURE ENHANCEMENT:1.Extra and user defined security needs can be employed duringrequest and response. 2.Records of client activities can be maintained.

 3.Another enhancement would be to add more modules to cover allinformation off the system. 

CONCLUSION:Rather than designing manually we have made use of computer as once that data‟s are input it performs accurate function. There is nochance of fault or miscalculation if the data are feeded correctly. Use of the computers has solved many problems, which are faced while manualcalculation. This is not the end but beginning of the versatile, efficient andoutsourcing railway reservation system. This is the one which is compatible to all operating system. By making this we project we made asmall footstep towards the path of progress of platform independentrailway reservation system.