Copy and complete Female Reproductive Organs Summary
The _________ of the human femaleproduces eggs and the ovarian hormone______ and ___________. The egg is protected by the _______ ___________. Once ovulation occurs the ________________ turns into the ______________. Frame of Reference Hormone Hormones What you know
Examples ... progesterone and oestrogen Where from Examples ... Last lesson / standard grade / the news etc. Hormonal Control Hormones are chemical messengers.
Produced in theendocrine glands(ductless) andsecreted in theblood. Generally but slowerlong lasting effect. Have specific effecton target tissue. Hormones control; - the onset ofpuberty, - sperm production - the menstrualcycle. Learning Outcomes The influence of pituitary hormones(FSH and LH) on the testes andovaries The influence of testosterone on thetestes The influence of the ovarianhormones (oestrogen +progesterone)on the uterus and the pituitary Changes during the menstrual cycleand how they are controlled byhormones Puberty Onset At puberty, the hypothalamussecretes a releaser hormone whosetarget is the pituitary gland. Pituitary gland thenproduces two hormones. Hypothalamus small structure located at thebase of the brain, where the nervous andhormonal systems interact. Pituitary gland gland hanging from theunderside of the brain. It secretes hormonesthat control many other glands in the body, andis regulated by the hypothalamus. Puberty Onset At puberty, the hypothalamus secretes areleaser hormone whose target is the pituitarygland, stimulates 2 gonadotropic (target isgonads, reproductive organs) hormones FSH inboth, then in women LH and men ICSH. Hypothalamus Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinising hormone (LH) Pituitary gland Follicle develops in females orstimulates sperm production in seminiferous tubules Stimulates ovulation in femalesand brings the development of corpus leutem Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) Testosterone stimulatesdevelopment of malesexual characteristics What are accessory glands? What do they produce?
Hormonal control of sperm production Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) inthe blood stream promotes spermproduction Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone(ICSH) stimulates interstitial cells toproduce the male sex hormonetestosterone. Testosterone stimulates spermproduction in seminiferous tubules. Also activates accessory glands toproduce secretions. What are accessory glands? What do they produce? All from last lesson ..... Accessory Glands 2 main, prostate and seminal vesicles.
Seminal vesicles produce fructose for energy for sperm to swim and prostaglandins which cause contractions in female reproductive tract. Prostate produces enzyme whose action enables fluid medium viscosity for optimum sperm motility. gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Negative Feedback Control of sperm production Negative feedback ensures that, in any control system, changes are reversed and returned back to the set level, so it self regulates. As [testosterone] builds up in the bloodstream, it reaches a level where it inhibits the secretion of FSH and ICSH.Thus leads to decrease in testosterone concentration.However after a while, the hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland. Maintaining an steady secretion of sperm = stimulates = inhibits gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) Pituitary Hormonal Control FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone
ICSH Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone ICSH Hormonal control of menstrual cycle
FSH and LH from pituitary glandaffects ovaries in several ways; FSH stimulates development andmaturation of follicle. FSH stimulate ovary tissue tosecrete the sex hormone oestrogen. LH triggers ovulation. LH develops corpus luteum andstimulates it to produceprogesterone. NB; Oestrogen and Progesterone are ovarian hormones FSH and LH are known as pituitary hormones Ovarian Hormone Affect
Oestrogen - stimulates proliferation (cell division)of the endometrium (inner layer of theuterus) Secretion of LH by the pituitary gland. Stimulates cervix cells which secretecervical mucus, which lubricate vaginaand watery mucus allow easierpenetration by sperm. Inhibit pituitary hormone FSH so nomore follicles are developed. Ovarian Hormone Affect
Progesterone - Promotes futher development andvascularisation of endometrium intospongy layer rich in blood vessels readyfor blastocyst (early stage embryo)implantation. If fertilisation occurs progesteroneinhibits secretion of FSH and LH inpituitary gland (no more folliclesdeveloped) Menstrual Cycle The events of these hormones, LH, FSH,progesterone and oestrogen interact toform the synchronised menstrual cyclein women. Cycle lasts for approximately 28 days(varies) with the first day ofmenstruation (bleeding) regarded as dayone of the cycle (generally for easerather than any first event). Menstrual Cycle The events of these hormones, LH, FSH,progesterone and oestrogen interact to form thesynchronised menstrual cycle in women. Cycle lasts for approximately 28 days (varies)with the first day of menstruation (bleeding)regarded as day one of the cycle (generally for easerather than any first event). 2 phases; Follicular phase (developing follicle in ovary) Day 1-14 Luteal phase (developing corpus luteum) Day 14-28 Follicular Phase FSH (pituitary) stimulates;
development of maturation of follicle Production of oestrogen by ovarian tissue [Oestrogen] then builds up (repair and proliferate endometrium) . High[] of oestrogen triggers LH at approx. day 14, causing ovulation as follicle blister wall ruptures, egg moves along oviduct3-4 days waiting for sperm and fertilisation Luteal Phase LH (pituitary) stimulates;
Follicle to become corpus luteum (which secretes progesterone and oestrogen). Progesterone (pituitary) stimulates; Endometrium and vascular blood vessels development by ovarian tissue with high [oestrogen] trigger inhibitory effect on pituitary gland. (negative feedback control) Hormonal Control feedback systems
Positive amplifies Negative counter balances change to return to normal Watch and listen...... Hormonal Control Now answer these multiple choice questions
READ question CAREFULLY in MCQ! Watch and answer READ Q CAREFULLY Activity ; plot the period!
Use the data given the plot the points.Best touse X, different lines / colours for each plot. Make sure you use the right scale! Fertilise or not to fertilise
No fertilisation LH levels drop, so corpus luteum (day 22) degenerates No corpus luteum causes rapid drop of oestrogen and progesterone. Low levels of ovarian hormones means endometrium no longer maintained, so by day 28 menstruation (loss ofinnner layer of endometrium and blood) begins. Stop feedback on pituitary hormones, so new follicle can develop with FSH increase Fertilise or not to fertilise
Fertilisation Embryo secretes human chorionic gonadtrophic hormone (HCG), similar to LH (maintains corpus luteum that produces ovarian hormones, which maintains endometrium development) for ~6 weeks until placenta takes over. Demonstrate your understanding
4 female hormones explain their; their roles in the menstrual cycle where they are produced what order they occur in in eachmenstrual cycle. Display however you feel easiest table / Venn diagram or simple notes. Remember transferring knowledge iswhere learning occurs! Oestrogen inhibits FSH
Second hormone - Spike day 14, LH FSH First to rise ~ day 4 Made in pituitary Triggers ovulation Stimulates graffian follicledevelopment FSH stimulates ovary to produce oestrogen Corpus Luteum Made by LH - Makes progesterone Hormones Oestrogen inhibits FSH Initiates the repair of the uterus wall Inhibits pituitary hormones (both FSH /LH) Made in ovary Oestrogen Progesterone Quite high throughout, peaks ~ day 12 Consistency of cervical mucus altered so easily penetrated by sperm Vascularisation of the uterus wall Review Hormone Function Follicle stimulating hormone
Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone Luteinising hormone Progesterone Oestrogen Testosterone ??? You can add?? ??Can you add?? Male and Female Hormones
FSH promotes sperm production in males.In femalesstimulates development of the graafian follicle and the ovaryto produce oestrogen ICSH (males) stimulates testosterone production. Testosterone stimulates sperm production and activatesprostate gland and seminal vesicles LH (in females)- triggers ovulation and stimulates thegraafian follicle to become corpus luteum (which producesprogesterone) Oestrogen - Initiates the repair of the uterus wall andstimulates the pituitary to produce a sudden upsurge of LH Progesterone -Encourages vasculariation (blood vessels)development of the uterus lining and inhibits the pituitarygland (and therefore FSH).