male reproductive system. function the male reproductive system functions to produce sperm and...
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Male Reproductive System
FunctionThe male reproductive system functions to produce sperm and transfer the sperm into the female reproductive organs for fertilization
TermsTestosterone- (-one=hormone): male hormone produced by
the testes which causes the testes to begin producing sperm. It is an androgen. (andr/o=male); responsible for facial hair/deep voiceTestosteron is produced by the interstitial cells of testes
Testes- (test/o, orchi/o, orch/o, orchid/o=testes); testicles, male sex glands; two small glands that produce testosterone and sperm; contains the seminiferous tubules (parenchymal tissue) that manufacture spermOrchitis- inflammation of testesBi-lateral Orchiectomy- male castrationAnorchism- congenital absence of a testicle Testicular torsion- twisting of the spermatic cord Varicocele- enlarged, dilated veins near testicle Varicocelectomy- removal of swollen twisted veins near
the testes
Copyright © 2001 by W. B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved.
Male reproductive system (sagital view).
Fig. 9-1.
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TermsScrotum- sac outside the male body
that contains testes and protects the testes by keeping them a constant temperature
Hydrocele- sac of clear fluid in the scrotum
Cryptorchism (crypt/o=hidden); undescended testicle
Orchiplexy- fixing an undescended testicle(s)
Sperm-(sperm/o, spermat/o=sperm) reproductive cell of the male; tadpole shaped; the head contains the nucleus and tail provides movement; 300 million released during 1 ejaculation; produced in the seminiferous tubules
Spermalytic= substance that destroys sperm
TermsEpididymis- (epididym/o) coiled tub in the testes
where sperm is stored and matured; Carries sperm from the testes to vas deferns Epididymitis
Vas Deferens- (vas/o= vessel or duct); tube that connects epididymis to urethra; it is about 18” long Vasectomy- vas deferens are cut and cauterized
for sterilization Vasovasostomy- reversal of sterilization
Seminal Vesicle- secrete a fluid that mixes with sperm to produce nourishment and makes them more mobile; secretion rich in fructose, vitamin c, prostaglandins and other substances; 60% fluid volume of semen
Copyright © 2001 by W. B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved.
Male reproductive system (sagital view).
Fig. 9-1.
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Terms Prostate Gland- (prostat/o); donut shaped gland that the urethra
passes through; secretions are mixed with sperm and aids in activating the sperm
BPH- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia- overgrowth of the glandular tissue
Cowper’s Glands- small glands that secrete fluid to mix with sperm Bulbourethral Glands- tiny, pea-sized glands that secretes clear
mucus that drains into penis prior to ejaculation to cleanse the urethra
Semen- seminal fluid; mixture of sperm and other fluids from the prostate, seminal vesicles and cowper’s glands; PH 7.2-7.6 and helps neutralize the acid environment of the vagina Passage way for semen:
Epididymis Vas Deferens Seminal Vesicles Prostate (urethra) Cowper’s glands (Penis)
TermsUrethra- extends through the penis out of the
bodyPenis- external reproductive organ; increased
blood flow causes and erectionForeskin- prepuceGlans Penis- (balan/o) covered by foreskin
Balantitis
-Circumcision- removal of foreskin from glans penis
-Hypospadias- congenital abnormality in which the male urethral opening is on the undersurface of the penis
-Phimosis- (phim/o=muzzle); Narrowing of the opening of the prepuce over the glans penis
Ejaculation- semen leaves the body
Copyright © 2001 by W. B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved.
Male reproductive system (sagital view).
Fig. 9-1.
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Copyright © 2001 by W. B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved.
Internal structure of a testis and the epididymis.
Fig. 9-2.
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Copyright © 2001 by W. B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved.
The passage of sperm.
Fig. 9-3.
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ProblemsSterility- unable to reproduce; problems with
sperm can be caused by temperature changes, smoking, illness, medications and complications from STD’s
Enlarged Prostate- usually happens after the age of 50; compresses the urethra causing problems with urination
Cancer of the Prostate- #1 cancer in males; early detection is important; regular physical exams, blood tests (PSA- prostate specific antigen)
Testicular Carcinoma- “seminoma”Hydrocele- sac of clear fluid in the scrotum
TermsPSABPHTURPDRESTD (venereal disease)
Chlamydial infection- bacteria invade the urethra and reproductive tract of men and women
Gonorrhea- inflammation of genital tract mucous membranes caused by infection with gonococci (berry-shaped bacteria)
Herpes genitalis- infection of the skin and mucous of the genitals, caused by the herpes virus (HSV type 2) and marked by blisters
Syphillis- chronic STD caused by a spirochete (spiral-shaped bacteria); chancre sores appear on the external genitalia a few weeks after the infection
Copyright © 2001 by W. B. Saunders Company. All rights reserved.
The prostate gland with carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) caused by overgrowth of tisue.
Fig. 9-7.
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