cooperations and return policies to reduce irregular migration movements between austria and serbia...
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Cooperations and return policies to reduce irregular migration movements
between Austria and Serbia
Olivera Kovacevic
Dr. Katerina Kratzmann
National Contact Point Austria in the European Migration NetworkIOM ViennaNibelungengasse 13/41010 [email protected]
Overview
Austria:Setting the context: Migration from Serbia to AustriaPolicy approach on irregular migration ATReturn from Austria to Serbia Cooperation to reduce irregular Migration
Serbia:Arriving in Serbia (Institutions)Policy approach on irregular migration SRBSocio-economic profile of returnees Challenges for re-integration
Setting the context - stock foreign born
Historic ties
Second biggest
group of foreign
born
Source: Statistics Austria, Statistics of the Population Stock, 1.1.2011.
Serbia among the top 10 countries of origin
Tendency decreasing: in 2011, Serbian nationals not among top 10
Source: Federal Ministry of the Interior, Asylum Statistics 2006 -2011.
Setting the context - asylum applications
SRB most important group of refusals of entry
SRB among the top 10 counties of apprehended persons illegally present
SRB most important group of orders to leave
SRB top 2 among returns following an order to leave
Setting the context - irregular migration
Austria´s policy approach on irregular migration
Irregular migration seen as major international challenge of internal security
New „7 Measures Package“1. Obligation of Presence for asylum seekers (5-7 days)
2. Implementation of concept „Aliens Police NEW“
3. Icreased requirements in the case of risk of absconding
4. Enforced application of technical means
5. Enforced use of Central Register of Registration
6. Task Force against Irregular Migration
7. Enforced cooperation on the international level
Return from Austria to Serbia
Serbia used to be Top 1 country of Assisted Returns over last years, Top 3 in 2011 for IOM
Forced Return is regulated on the basis of a bilateral Readmission Agreement from 2005 (renewed 2011)
Serbia was Top 1 country of forced returns in 2007 and 2008, in 2009 Top 3
Trend towards more voluntary return
Source: Austrian Federal Ministry of the Interior.
Cooperation to reduce irregular migration
Western Balkans as „Hot Spot“ top priority for cooperation in the field of irregular migration
Cooperatiuon in Counter Trafficking and Smuggeling of Human Beings
Different Initiatives: Police Equal Performance Initiative (PEP)Forum SalzburgILECUs: “Establishment of International Law
Enforcement Coordination Units” Twinning-project “Implementation of the Integrated
Border Management Strategy in the Republic of Serbia“
Arriving in Serbia
Civil wars 1992 - 1999
Political instability
Economic breakdown
Massive emigration (In 10 years decrease in population 200. 000)
Population today 7.498.001 (estimation)
86.000 refugees and iDPs
First in the world in number of refugees per capita
Serbia´s policy approach on irregular migration
Bilateral Readmission Agreements,
Serbia - Austria 2005
Office for Readmission at the Airport in Belgrade
Information Bulletin for Returnees
First hand assistance
Emergency Travel Document ("Putni list")
Permanent Residence
Personal Documents
Social Welfare Health care, education employment, accommodation, legal assistance
Centers for emergency admission
Irregular migration inside Serbia
Numbers 2011: record number 4.320 persons; or 130 % more than in 2009
Profile: mostly adult male 20 and 30 years old unemployed.
Routes: Albania – Kosovo – Serbia – Croatia – EU countries Moldova - Romania - Serbia - Croatia – EU countries
Changing country of origin: 2011: Afghanistan, Palestinian and Northern Africa 2008: Albania, Moldova, Ukraine, Romania, Turkey and
China
Socio-economic profile of returnees
App. 1000 returnees annually (3 voluntary/1 forced)
Returns from AT only make a share of 1-7% of returnees over the last 5 years
Main countries migrants returned from in 2011 are Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and Belgium
01-07.11: 850 returnees: Family status: 387 adults, 244 minors, 150 families with children Nationality: Roma (70%), Bosnjak, Serbian, Askali Sex: male 71%, female 21% Main age: 30-40 low educational background and unemployment
Situation in 2011 January /June
Source: High Commissariat for Refugees Readmission report Serbia 2011
Challenges of re-integration
Lack of documentation for regulating status in Serbia (incl. birth certificates)
Costly process for diplomas recognition
Language barriers
Lack of adequate housing/ Transit centers
Unemployment
Enroll children in school
Medical assistance/ psychological support in case of traumatization
THANK YOU!
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