cold war themes

Cold War

By Jackie White

Preview

What comes to your mind when you think about communism?

Communism Reasoning Guide» Write A if you agree, D if you disagree,

or N if you are neutral for each of the following statements.

» It is better to give then to receive.» A country’s success & growth are

determined by how well the poorest of the poor, not the richest of the rich are doing. If I work on a group project, I believe that all students should receive the same grade regardless of how much work they put into it.

» Write A if you agree, D if you disagree, or N if you are neutral for each of the following statements.

» It is better to give then to receive.» A country’s success & growth are

determined by how well the poorest of the poor, not the richest of the rich are doing. If I work on a group project, I believe that all students should receive the same grade regardless of how much work they put into it.

Communism Reasoning Guide» Individual success can happen without group

success.» On an athletic team, how the team performs is

more important than individual statistics. » There should be a national limit on how much and

how little someone can earn per year. » This country would be a better place if the

government owned and operated all the businesses and food supply.

» The employees of a company are more important to that company’s success than the owners of the company are.

» Farmers are the most important workers in the world.

» Money makes the world go round.

» Individual success can happen without group success.

» On an athletic team, how the team performs is more important than individual statistics.

» There should be a national limit on how much and how little someone can earn per year.

» This country would be a better place if the government owned and operated all the businesses and food supply.

» The employees of a company are more important to that company’s success than the owners of the company are.

» Farmers are the most important workers in the world.

» Money makes the world go round.

Chapter 26 Section 1“Origins of the Cold War”

» Main Idea: The U.S. & the Soviet Union emerged from WWII as two “superpowers” with vastly different political and economic systems

» Why It Matters: After World War II, differences between the United States & the Soviet Union led to a Cold War that lasted almost to the 21st century.

» Terms & Names: United Nations, satellite nation, containment, iron curtain, Cold war, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin airlift, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

» Main Idea: The U.S. & the Soviet Union emerged from WWII as two “superpowers” with vastly different political and economic systems

» Why It Matters: After World War II, differences between the United States & the Soviet Union led to a Cold War that lasted almost to the 21st century.

» Terms & Names: United Nations, satellite nation, containment, iron curtain, Cold war, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin airlift, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

Learning Objectives:

» Explain the breakdown in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.

» Summarize the steps taken by the U.S. to contain Soviet influence.

» Explain the breakdown in relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II.

» Summarize the steps taken by the U.S. to contain Soviet influence.

What will your Cold War Policy Be?

» Imagine you are President Harry Truman in 1946. As the leader of a capitalist nation, you have watched apprehensively as communism has spread from the Soviet Union since the end of World War II.

» Read the two advisors analyses of the situation and decide how the US should react to the communist threat.

» Imagine you are President Harry Truman in 1946. As the leader of a capitalist nation, you have watched apprehensively as communism has spread from the Soviet Union since the end of World War II.

» Read the two advisors analyses of the situation and decide how the US should react to the communist threat.

What should the U.S. do about the Soviet threat?

» 1. Attack the Soviet Union. A military conflict is inevitable, and the U.S. should attack now while it has the power of the atomic bomb & the Soviets do not.

» 2. Focus on U.S. efforts on rolling back Soviet expansion. Use threats & possibly military action to liberate countries in eastern from communism.This will make the Soviets less powerful.

» 3. Halt the expansion of the Soviet Union. Don’t attack the Soviet Union or force it to give up territories currently under its control, but use alliances, economic aid to western Europe, and military defense to prevent the Soviets from taking over new countries.

» 4. Negotiate with the Soviets. Military action is dangerous & unwarranted at this time.

» 1. Attack the Soviet Union. A military conflict is inevitable, and the U.S. should attack now while it has the power of the atomic bomb & the Soviets do not.

» 2. Focus on U.S. efforts on rolling back Soviet expansion. Use threats & possibly military action to liberate countries in eastern from communism.This will make the Soviets less powerful.

» 3. Halt the expansion of the Soviet Union. Don’t attack the Soviet Union or force it to give up territories currently under its control, but use alliances, economic aid to western Europe, and military defense to prevent the Soviets from taking over new countries.

» 4. Negotiate with the Soviets. Military action is dangerous & unwarranted at this time.

Spread of Communism» Read Problem 1-The Spread of

Communism» Will you give speeches about the

threat of communism?» Outcome: Truman used forceful

language several times when speak about the Soviet Union. His most notable speech established what has been called the Truman Doctrine

» Read Problem 1-The Spread of Communism

» Will you give speeches about the threat of communism?

» Outcome: Truman used forceful language several times when speak about the Soviet Union. His most notable speech established what has been called the Truman Doctrine

Truman Doctrine» Believed the world was

divided into good countries (democracies) & evil ones (communist countries.)

» Helped to bolster U.S. support for stopping the spread of communism through the policy of containment.

» Committed the U.S. to stopping the spread of communism anywhere, although he probably only intended it to apply to Europe.

» Believed the world was divided into good countries (democracies) & evil ones (communist countries.)

» Helped to bolster U.S. support for stopping the spread of communism through the policy of containment.

» Committed the U.S. to stopping the spread of communism anywhere, although he probably only intended it to apply to Europe.

Iron Curtain» Read New York Times Upfront

Magazine article, “1946: The Iron Curtain & the Cold War”

» What is the “iron curtain”?» A metaphor used by British Prime

Minister Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the invisible barrier or division between Western European democratic countries and Communist countries in Eastern Europe.

» Read New York Times Upfront Magazine article, “1946: The Iron Curtain & the Cold War”

» What is the “iron curtain”?» A metaphor used by British Prime

Minister Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the invisible barrier or division between Western European democratic countries and Communist countries in Eastern Europe.

Economic Aid» Read Problem 2-Economic Aid» Will you give aid to western European

countries?» Outcome: U.S. adopted the European

Recovery Plan or Marshall Plan» Gave $13 billion to European countries

over two years. » Was very popular & successful as a

constructive way to help Europeans and stop the spread of communism

» Read Problem 2-Economic Aid» Will you give aid to western European

countries?» Outcome: U.S. adopted the European

Recovery Plan or Marshall Plan» Gave $13 billion to European countries

over two years. » Was very popular & successful as a

constructive way to help Europeans and stop the spread of communism

Marshall Plan

» The Marshall Plan PBS video clip 1:40-4:00

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUt7Lr3lubc

» Read the New York Times Upfront article “Marshall’s Plan: Pay for Peace”

» The Marshall Plan PBS video clip 1:40-4:00

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUt7Lr3lubc

» Read the New York Times Upfront article “Marshall’s Plan: Pay for Peace”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pUt7Lr3lubc




Military Alliance» Read Problem 3- Military Alliance» Will you form a military alliance with

Western European countries?» Outcome: Truman formed the North

Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)» Free world united in a psychological

barrier for the Soviets» U.S. abandoned its isolationist tradition» The first time the US made a

peacetime alliance

» Read Problem 3- Military Alliance» Will you form a military alliance with

Western European countries?» Outcome: Truman formed the North

Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)» Free world united in a psychological

barrier for the Soviets» U.S. abandoned its isolationist tradition» The first time the US made a

peacetime alliance

NATO» The original 12 member

countries pledged military support to one another in case any member was attacked.

» Which countries are members of the NATO alliance?

» Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, U.S. & Canada

» Which region are these countries located?

» The original 12 member countries pledged military support to one another in case any member was attacked.

» Which countries are members of the NATO alliance?

» Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, U.S. & Canada

» Which region are these countries located?

Berlin Blockade» Read Problem 4-Berlin Blockade» How will you respond to the Berlin blockade?» Outcome: Accepting the blockade will allow

the Soviets control of West Berlin would have been a symbolic defeat that might have emboldened the Soviets to impose more blockades or cause future confrontations.

» Sending in troops to forcibly end the blockade could have led to war with thousands or millions of casualties.

» The U.S. flew food & supplies to keep the city going for 11 months. A victory for West Germany, western Europe, & the U.S.

» Read Problem 4-Berlin Blockade» How will you respond to the Berlin blockade?» Outcome: Accepting the blockade will allow

the Soviets control of West Berlin would have been a symbolic defeat that might have emboldened the Soviets to impose more blockades or cause future confrontations.

» Sending in troops to forcibly end the blockade could have led to war with thousands or millions of casualties.

» The U.S. flew food & supplies to keep the city going for 11 months. A victory for West Germany, western Europe, & the U.S.

Berlin Airlift

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=detQUU_jw7c» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=detQUU_jw7c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=detQUU_jw7c

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=detQUU_jw7c

Exit Ticket

» What should be the United States policy toward Soviet influence?

» What should be the United States policy toward Soviet influence?

Chapter 26 Section 2“the Cold War Heats Up”

» Main Idea: After World War II, China became a communist nation and Korea was split into a communist north & democratic south

» Why It Matters Now: ongoing tensions with China and North Korea continue to involve the United States.

» Terms & Names: Chiang Kai-Shek, Mao Zedong, Taiwan, 38th parallel, Korean War

» Main Idea: After World War II, China became a communist nation and Korea was split into a communist north & democratic south

» Why It Matters Now: ongoing tensions with China and North Korea continue to involve the United States.

» Terms & Names: Chiang Kai-Shek, Mao Zedong, Taiwan, 38th parallel, Korean War

Learning Objective

» Understand how Communists came to power in China & be able to identify the leaders of the Nationalist & Communist parties in China.

» Summarize the causes and effects of the Korean War using the terms 38th parallel, communism, North Korea, South Korea, & containment.

» Understand how Communists came to power in China & be able to identify the leaders of the Nationalist & Communist parties in China.


China» Read Problem 5-China» How will you respond to the possibility that

communists may win the civil war in China?

» Read Problem 5-China» How will you respond to the possibility that

communists may win the civil war in China?

Outcome» Truman supported

Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist forces by sending $3 billion in aid. His government was inefficient & corrupt.

» The Nationalists were mostly wealthy land owners who were opposed to any reforms that would help peasants. (they taxed farmers even during a famine in 1944.)

» Truman supported Chiang Kai-shek’s nationalist forces by sending $3 billion in aid. His government was inefficient & corrupt.

» The Nationalists were mostly wealthy land owners who were opposed to any reforms that would help peasants. (they taxed farmers even during a famine in 1944.)

Chiang Kai-shek

Nationalist Party

Outcome» Communist Party

supported land reform» Appealed to peasants

(poor)» Taught peasants to

read & improved food production

» Communist Party supported land reform

» Appealed to peasants (poor)

» Taught peasants to read & improved food production

Mao ZeDong

Communist Party

Communist Infiltration

» Read Problem6-Communist Infiltration

» Will you support an anti-communist program in the U.S.?

» Read Problem6-Communist Infiltration

» Will you support an anti-communist program in the U.S.?

Warm Up

» Video on political prison camp 14 in North Korea and Shin Dong-hyuk who is believed to be the only person to have ever escaped.

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr6Rw0ltFxc

» What was it like inside the camp?

» Video on political prison camp 14 in North Korea and Shin Dong-hyuk who is believed to be the only person to have ever escaped.

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr6Rw0ltFxc

» What was it like inside the camp?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr6Rw0ltFxc




Decision Making Format» You will be confronted with a problem. Read

the problem. (2 min) » Individually decide what you would do. (2)» Find a partner & discuss the reasons for your

choices. (3 min)» Share response on how to respond to problem

with the entire class & generate a list of possible options. (5)

» Discuss reasons for & against each option. » Vote as a whole class on an option. (2)» Read & discuss the outcomes.» Debrief: What surprised you? What did you

learn?

» You will be confronted with a problem. Read the problem. (2 min)

» Individually decide what you would do. (2)» Find a partner & discuss the reasons for your

choices. (3 min)» Share response on how to respond to problem

with the entire class & generate a list of possible options. (5)

» Discuss reasons for & against each option. » Vote as a whole class on an option. (2)» Read & discuss the outcomes.» Debrief: What surprised you? What did you

learn?

Korean Crisis» Read Problem 1-June

1950» How will you react to

the invasion of South Korea by the communist North Koreans?

» Read Problem 1-June 1950

» How will you react to the invasion of South Korea by the communist North Koreans?

Outcome» Truman decided to

send American troops to stop the North Korean army from taking over all of South Korea.

» He believed the U.S. should take a strong stance against future acts of aggression.

» Truman decided to send American troops to stop the North Korean army from taking over all of South Korea.

» He believed the U.S. should take a strong stance against future acts of aggression.

Inchon Landing» General Douglas

MacArthur made a daring attack behind enemy lines landing U.S. ships at Inchon forcing the North Koreans to retreat or be cut off and surrounded.

» General Douglas MacArthur made a daring attack behind enemy lines landing U.S. ships at Inchon forcing the North Koreans to retreat or be cut off and surrounded.

Korean Crisis

» Read Problem 2-September 1950

» Will you grant MacArthur’s request to invade North Korea?



OutcomeTruman granted MacArthur’s request to invade North Korea but American troops were spread very thin, the Chinese entered the war on the side of the North Koreans & attacked U.S. forces killing and wounding thousands of Americans & forcing the U.S. to retreat back to the middle of the Korean peninsula.

Truman granted MacArthur’s request to invade North Korea but American troops were spread very thin, the Chinese entered the war on the side of the North Koreans & attacked U.S. forces killing and wounding thousands of Americans & forcing the U.S. to retreat back to the middle of the Korean peninsula.

Korean Crisis





Korean Crisis» Read Problem

3-June 1951» Will you

negotiate with North Korea or will you keep fighting?

» Read Problem 3-June 1951

» Will you negotiate with North Korea or will you keep fighting?

Outcome

» Fighting continued for 2 more years » Almost ½ of the casualties from the

war came during this period» Stalin wanted the U.S. & China to

continue fighting so that neither would be a threat to Soviet supremacy

» In 1953, the two sides agreed to a truce line roughly the same place it existed before the war started.

» Fighting continued for 2 more years » Almost ½ of the casualties from the

war came during this period» Stalin wanted the U.S. & China to

continue fighting so that neither would be a threat to Soviet supremacy

» In 1953, the two sides agreed to a truce line roughly the same place it existed before the war started.

Casualties

Group Casualties

American soldiers 36,00-54,000

South Korean soldiers 200,000

South Korean civilians 500,000

North Korean soldiers 350,000

North Korean civilians 1 million

38th Parallel

» Read New York Times Upfront article, “Korea and Then There Were Two”

» Read New York Times Upfront article, “Korea and Then There Were Two”

Exit Ticket



Chapter 26 Section 3 “The Cold War at Home”

» Main Idea: During the late 1940s and early 1950s, fear of communism led to reckless charges against innocent citizens.

» Why It Matters Now: Americans today remain vigilant about unfounded accusations.

» Terms & Names: HUAC, Hollywood Ten, blacklist, Alger Hiss, Ethel & Julius Rosenberg, Joseph McCarthy, McCarthyism



» Terms & Names: HUAC, Hollywood Ten, blacklist, Alger Hiss, Ethel & Julius Rosenberg, Joseph McCarthy, McCarthyism


Understand how the Cold War affected life in the United States and be able to provide specific examples of how life in America was disrupted by domestic tension.


Interact with History

» At the end of World War II, Americans begin to be haunted by a new fear. The Soviets have embraced a tightly controlled political system called communism. Many believe it threatens the American way of life. Throughout the nation, suspected communists are called before a House subcommittee for questioning. Anyone accused of un-American activity faces public humiliation and professional ruin.

» What would you do when a friend or family member is accused?



The Dot Game

You will receive a slip of paper. You are NOT to share your paper with any other person in the class. Take care to note whether your paper has a DOT or is BLANK. There are fewer “dots” than “non-dots” but you do not know the number for each.

The Dot Game

You will have 5 minutes to form as large a group of “non-dot” participants as possible. The largest group of “non-dots” will win points. The whole group will lose if even one “dot” member is in the group.

NON-DOT PEOPLE

The Dot Game

Do NOT reveal that you have a dot. “Dot” members may win points individually by being able to bluff others that they do not have a dot.

DOT PEOPLE

The Dot Game

Since everyone in the class will deny being a “dot”, you must look for people who, by any indication, seem suspicious. If you suspect a person as having a dot, you should say tell the teacher, “So-and-so is a dot!”

The Dot Game

GO!GO!

Debrief

Dots: How did it feel when you found out that you would be a dot?What was your strategy? Was it successful?

Debrief

Non-Dots: How did you try to identify who the dots were?Were you ever accused of being a dot? How did that feel?

You Just Experienced Joseph McCarthy hearings in 1954

Let’s compare the game to history with a t-chart.

•Students accused other students of being a dot.•Once accused, a student was marked with a post-it note.•The teacher played a role in some students being accused of being a dot.•There were actually few dots.

•Joseph McCarthy accused others of being communist.•Once accused, you were labeled a communist.•Once accused, you had to try to prove or convince people that you were not dots.•Very few of the people accused were actually communists.

Warm-Up» What does it mean to be American?» What are some examples of things

considered un-American?» Is being a member of the Communist

Party a crime?» Do Americans with communist beliefs

pose a threat to the nation?» Why might people be reluctant or

unwilling to admit their association with the Communist Party?

» Does being convicted of a crime mean the person is guilty?

» What does it mean to be American?» What are some examples of things

considered un-American?» Is being a member of the Communist

Party a crime?» Do Americans with communist beliefs

pose a threat to the nation?» Why might people be reluctant or

unwilling to admit their association with the Communist Party?

» Does being convicted of a crime mean the person is guilty?

Interact with History





Communist Infiltration

» Read Problem6- Communist Infiltration» Will you support an anti-communist

program in the U.S.?» Outcome: House of Un-American Activities

(a powerful Congressional Committee) concluded that numerous security risks existed within the government.

» Truman was pressured to take action against potential communist sympathizers since HUAC could cause trouble for him if he failed to take action.

» Read Problem6- Communist Infiltration» Will you support an anti-communist

program in the U.S.?» Outcome: House of Un-American Activities

(a powerful Congressional Committee) concluded that numerous security risks existed within the government.

» Truman was pressured to take action against potential communist sympathizers since HUAC could cause trouble for him if he failed to take action.

Outcome» Truman expanded the loyalty program

which investigated government employees and fired those considered disloyal.

» Increased Americans fear of communism & contributed to a red Scare in which government officials used unscrupulous methods to search for communists in government, entertainment industry, universities, & churches.

» Americans suspected of communist affiliation lost their jobs on the basis of little to no evidence.

» Truman expanded the loyalty program which investigated government employees and fired those considered disloyal.

» Increased Americans fear of communism & contributed to a red Scare in which government officials used unscrupulous methods to search for communists in government, entertainment industry, universities, & churches.

» Americans suspected of communist affiliation lost their jobs on the basis of little to no evidence.

House of Un-American Activities

» Do Americans with communist beliefs pose a threat to the nation?

» What can individual citizens do to protect the rights of all people?

» Should citizens speak out to preserve the rights of others?

» Do Americans with communist beliefs pose a threat to the nation?

» What can individual citizens do to protect the rights of all people?

» Should citizens speak out to preserve the rights of others?

House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfKSykTPzA4

» A powerful Congressional Committee that investigated Communist influence in movie industry

» http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfKSykTPzA4

» A powerful Congressional Committee that investigated Communist influence in movie industry

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LfKSykTPzA4






Hollywood Ten

Ten “unfriendly” witnesses in the movie industry who refused to cooperate with HUAC investigation because they believed the hearing were unconstitutional.

They were sent to prison for refusing to answer questions.

Ten “unfriendly” witnesses in the movie industry who refused to cooperate with HUAC investigation because they believed the hearing were unconstitutional.

They were sent to prison for refusing to answer questions.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3MlaFIzCw8&feature=related 49 seconds

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3MlaFIzCw8&feature=related

Blacklist» A list of people who

were condemned for having a communist background. They were blacklisted and their careers were ruined.

» A list of people who were condemned for having a communist background. They were blacklisted and their careers were ruined.

1952 A TV Studio refused to pay an actress because she didn’t sign a loyalty oath stating she wasn’t a communist and was blacklisted for 3 years.

She was 6 months old & couldn’t write. She never got paid for her diaper commercial.

Alger Hiss

» U.S. State Department official accused of being a Communist spy and imprisoned was never convicted of espionage

» U.S. State Department official accused of being a Communist spy and imprisoned was never convicted of espionage

Edward Snowden» Former National

Security Agency (NSA) computer expert who leaked sensitive top secret documents about the government tracking America’s phone records

» http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505263_162-57588871/edward-snowden-u.s-tracking-down-what-he-knows-where-he-is/

» Former National Security Agency (NSA) computer expert who leaked sensitive top secret documents about the government tracking America’s phone records

» http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505263_162-57588871/edward-snowden-u.s-tracking-down-what-he-knows-where-he-is/




» Terms & Names:HUAC, Hollywood Ten, blacklist, Alger Hiss, Ethel & Julius Rosenberg, Joseph McCarthy, McCarthyism




Rosenberg Trial

» What are the characteristics of an effective juror?

» What are the characteristics of an effective juror?

» Are you capable of being a good juror, why or why not?

» Are you capable of being a good juror, why or why not?

Rosenberg Trial

» You will hear the prosecution’s case against the Rosenbergs first, and then the defense will present its case.

» You will hear the prosecution’s case against the Rosenbergs first, and then the defense will present its case. » Jurors are NOT allowed to talk about this

case to anyone, especially to the other jurors in this room until both cases have rested. Because of the high publicity of this trial, you will be sequestered for the duration of the trial, which means you can NOT listen to the news, radio, watch TV, read newspapers/magazines, or use the internet.

» Jurors are NOT allowed to talk about this case to anyone, especially to the other jurors in this room until both cases have rested. Because of the high publicity of this trial, you will be sequestered for the duration of the trial, which means you can NOT listen to the news, radio, watch TV, read newspapers/magazines, or use the internet.

Rosenberg Trial» Read The Prosecution’s Evidence (pgs. 112-

113) This is the prosecution’s case against the Rosenbergs. Jurors are not allowed to ask questions or discuss this information.

» After reading The Prosecution’s Evidence, complete the graphic organizer to show how the people are connected.

» Read Evidence: Venona Cable (pgs. 114-115) & Look at Evidence: The Famous Sketches (pg. 116) This telegram was intercepted and decoded by the U.S. The key on the second page translates the code names into the names of the suspects. The sketches were reproduced in size to allow all three to fit on a page.

» Read The Prosecution’s Evidence (pgs. 112-113) This is the prosecution’s case against the Rosenbergs. Jurors are not allowed to ask questions or discuss this information.

» After reading The Prosecution’s Evidence, complete the graphic organizer to show how the people are connected.

» Read Evidence: Venona Cable (pgs. 114-115) & Look at Evidence: The Famous Sketches (pg. 116) This telegram was intercepted and decoded by the U.S. The key on the second page translates the code names into the names of the suspects. The sketches were reproduced in size to allow all three to fit on a page.

Rosenberg Trial

» Read The Defense Evidence (pg. 118) This information is the defense that was used for the Rosenbergs.

» Jurors are not allowed to ask questions or discuss this information.

» Read The Defense Evidence (pg. 118) This information is the defense that was used for the Rosenbergs.

» Jurors are not allowed to ask questions or discuss this information.

Jury Deliberation

» Both sides have rested their case so jurors will finally be given a chance to talk about the trial. You will be given an opportunity to present your opinions on the case.

» Write a short persuasive speech using evidence to support your opinions.

» Both sides have rested their case so jurors will finally be given a chance to talk about the trial. You will be given an opportunity to present your opinions on the case.

» Write a short persuasive speech using evidence to support your opinions.

Fishbowl activity. »ONLY students in the inner circle may speak»Students on the outside circle can tap someone in the inner circle out at anytime.»Use evidence from the case to support your opinion as often as possible.

Fishbowl activity. »ONLY students in the inner circle may speak»Students on the outside circle can tap someone in the inner circle out at anytime.»Use evidence from the case to support your opinion as often as possible.

Jury’s Verdict

» Vote on whether or not you think the Rosenbergs are guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the crime of espionage which they are accused.

» Vote on whether or not you think the Rosenbergs are guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of the crime of espionage which they are accused.

Ethel & Julius Rosenberg

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YiDAekam15ghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YiDAekam15g

» Minor members of the American Communist Party accused of helping the Soviets build an atomic bomb

» Found guilty of espionage & sentenced to death.

» In 1997, information confirmed that Julius was a spy but did not hand over secrets to build an atomic bomb.

» Minor members of the American Communist Party accused of helping the Soviets build an atomic bomb

» Found guilty of espionage & sentenced to death.

» In 1997, information confirmed that Julius was a spy but did not hand over secrets to build an atomic bomb.

Allegory is a form of extended metaphor, in which objects, persons, and actions in a narrative, are equated with the meanings that lie outside the narrative itself. The underlying meaning has moral, social, religious, or political significance, and characters are often personifications of abstract ideas as charity, greed, or envy.Thus an allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.

What is an allegory?

Cold War in Third World Countries By the early 1960s, the

term had come to identify a large bloc of countries from Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Charting a “third way” proved difficult, both economically and politically. Both the Soviets and the Americans saw the Third World as “underdeveloped.”

By the middle of the 1960s, as the euphoria of decolonization evaporated and new states found themselves mired in debt and dependency, many Third World nations fell into dictatorship and authoritarian rule.

By the early 1960s, the term had come to identify a large bloc of countries from Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Charting a “third way” proved difficult, both economically and politically. Both the Soviets and the Americans saw the Third World as “underdeveloped.”

By the middle of the 1960s, as the euphoria of decolonization evaporated and new states found themselves mired in debt and dependency, many Third World nations fell into dictatorship and authoritarian rule.

In the 1950s, French intellectuals coined the term “Third World” to describe the efforts of countries seeking a “third way” between Western capitalism and Soviet communism.

Warm Up

» What are some dominant Cold War themes or messages that you might anticipate finding in the films?

» What are some dominant Cold War themes or messages that you might anticipate finding in the films?

The King and I (1956)» Musical» Englishwomen

Anna Leonowens is a tutor for King Mongkut of Siam’s (Thailand) wives and children. She educates them on western manners, fashion, customs, and ideals.

» Musical» Englishwomen

Anna Leonowens is a tutor for King Mongkut of Siam’s (Thailand) wives and children. She educates them on western manners, fashion, customs, and ideals.

How does the film illustrate American goals in Asia?

(Getting to Know You 5 min)

The King and I» Competition for the

hearts and minds of third world countries in Asia

» Teacher spreads American culture, values, customs, ideas (Cultural imperialism)

» Modernize/westernize Asia to combat spread of communism

» America is trying to “get to know” culture of third world countries

» Competition for the hearts and minds of third world countries in Asia

» Teacher spreads American culture, values, customs, ideas (Cultural imperialism)

» Modernize/westernize Asia to combat spread of communism

» America is trying to “get to know” culture of third world countries

Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956)

» Science fiction» A small town in

California’s inhabitants are taken over by see pods from outer space and transformed into unfeeling automatons.

» Science fiction» A small town in

California’s inhabitants are taken over by see pods from outer space and transformed into unfeeling automatons.

How does the film illustrate Cold War fears in the US?

Pod Scene 4:12

Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956)

» Mass hysteria or fear of communists invasion, infiltration of government, trying to dominate the world

» Conversion into de-individualized, unfeeling automatons immune to attachments to family love,

» Powerful & It must be destroyed

» Mass hysteria or fear of communists invasion, infiltration of government, trying to dominate the world

» Conversion into de-individualized, unfeeling automatons immune to attachments to family love,

» Powerful & It must be destroyed

Dr. Strangelove (1964)» Satire » The accidental

launching of nuclear war and the resulting Soviet-American cooperation to thwart its full eruption.

» Indictment of the American nuclear system

» Satire » The accidental

launching of nuclear war and the resulting Soviet-American cooperation to thwart its full eruption.

» Indictment of the American nuclear system

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeedOjAbo4o

Dr. Strangelove (1964)

» Declining value of human life

» threatened extinction of all human life, virtual annihilation, mutually assured destruction

» Fear of retaliation, nuclear war

» Declining value of human life

» threatened extinction of all human life, virtual annihilation, mutually assured destruction

» Fear of retaliation, nuclear war

Chapter 26 Section 4 “Two Nations Live on the Edge”» Main Idea: During the 1950’s, the United

States and the Soviet Union came to the brink of nuclear war.

» Why it Matters Today: The Cold War continued into the following decades, affecting U.S. policies in Cuba, Central America, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.

» Terms & Names: H-bomb, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John Foster Dulles, brinksmanship, CIA, Warsaw Pact, Eisenhower Doctrine, Nikita Krushev, Francis Gary Powers, U-2 Incident

» Main Idea: During the 1950’s, the United States and the Soviet Union came to the brink of nuclear war.

» Why it Matters Today: The Cold War continued into the following decades, affecting U.S. policies in Cuba, Central America, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East.

» Terms & Names: H-bomb, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John Foster Dulles, brinksmanship, CIA, Warsaw Pact, Eisenhower Doctrine, Nikita Krushev, Francis Gary Powers, U-2 Incident

How is the Hydrogen bomb different from the atomic

bomb?» Scientists felt an even

more destructive thermo-nuclear weapon could be developed…they were right.

» November 1, 1952, U.S. develops first…Soviet Union succeeds in Aug ’53

» 1 Million tons of TNT 67 times stronger than

Little Boy

» U.S. exploded the first H-Bomb on Nov. 1, 1952

» Soviets: Aug. 1953

» Scientists felt an even more destructive thermo-nuclear weapon could be developed…they were right.

» November 1, 1952, U.S. develops first…Soviet Union succeeds in Aug ’53

» 1 Million tons of TNT 67 times stronger than

Little Boy

» U.S. exploded the first H-Bomb on Nov. 1, 1952

» Soviets: Aug. 1953

Fear of Nuclear Attack

President Dwight D. Eisenhower

» Campaign slogan: “We Like Ike”

» Ike’s approach: “dynamic conservatism”

» Conservative w/$

» Liberal w/human beings

» Campaign slogan: “We Like Ike”

» Ike’s approach: “dynamic conservatism”

» Conservative w/$

» Liberal w/human beings

Brinksmanship» US Secretary of State» Staunchly anti-

communist» Prevent spread of

communism by using of all of its force including nuclear weapons against any aggressor nation.

» Willingness to go to the edge of all out war

» US Secretary of State» Staunchly anti-

communist» Prevent spread of

communism by using of all of its force including nuclear weapons against any aggressor nation.

» Willingness to go to the edge of all out warJohn Foster Dulles

Nuclear Fall Out

» Practiced air raid drills

» Duck & Cover » Built underground fall

out shelters in backyards

» Constant fear of nuclear war for the next 30 years

» Video clip “Duck & Cover”

» Practiced air raid drills

» Duck & Cover » Built underground fall

out shelters in backyards

» Constant fear of nuclear war for the next 30 years

» Video clip “Duck & Cover”

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)

» Used spies to gather intelligence abroad.

» Began to carry out covert, or secret, operations to weaken or overthrow unfriendly governments to U.S

» Used spies to gather intelligence abroad.

» Began to carry out covert, or secret, operations to weaken or overthrow unfriendly governments to U.S

Warsaw Pact • Stalin dies in ’53

• West Germany was allowed to rearm and joins NATO in ’55.

• Fearful, the Soviets form the Warsaw Pact– Military

alliance with seven E. European nations.

Which countries on the map belonged to NATO?

Which countries on the map belonged to the Warsaw Pact?

Which countries on the map did not belong to either defense alliance?

How did the Warsaw Pact fulfill Stalin’s desire to shield the Soviet Union from the west?

Eisenhower Doctrine

• Soviet Union supported Egypt in conflict over control of Suez Canal.

• Ike’s warning: U.S. would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country.

The Hungarian Uprising

• Hungary dominated by the Soviet Union– Hungarians revolted b/c

they wanted Democracy

• November, 1956: Soviet tanks invaded the country and killed 30,000 people to suppress the uprising

• U.S. / NATO did nothing as promised by Truman Doctrine-Hungarians were disappointed

Nikita Kruschev

• Believed communism would take over the world

• Favored a peaceful coexistence in which two powers would compete economically and scientifically

U-2 Incident

Space Race

• October 4, 1957: Soviets launched Sputnik– Triumph in Soviet

technology

• January 31, 1958: First U.S. satellite

Who Primarily Caused the Cold War?

» Read the background information & the competing historical interpretations.

» Then answer the questions on the worksheet.

» Determine which country’s actions you believe are primarily responsible for causing the Cold War?

» Read the background information & the competing historical interpretations.

» Then answer the questions on the worksheet.

» Determine which country’s actions you believe are primarily responsible for causing the Cold War?

cold war themes

Documents

soviet threat

soviet unionled

soviet unionemerged

soviet influence

berlin blockade

truman doctrine

communism hasspread

thethreat of communism