The Cold WarA Bipolar World

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Cold War Confrontation

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Division of GermanyAfter WWII

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After WWI After WWII

Political Flawed Weimar Republic De-Nazified;Democratic WestCommunist East

War Indemnities

Exorbitant - to Allies and Belgium

Loss of colonies and Alsace-Lorraine

Potsdam Conference: Each Allied power could extract from their portion of Germany

Loss of territories taken by Hitler

Military German military effectively scrapped

Allies take care of military needs of their regions

“Peace-keepers”

Ineffective League of NationsTerms of Treaty of VersaillesBritain & France

US and USSR

Strategic alliances (Warsaw Pact, NATO)

Threat of Atomic Warfare (WWIII)

Treatment of Germany:

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Europe After the Second World War

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Leads to Origins of the Cold War

• Soviets want to rebuild economy using German industry

• Allies agreed to divide Germany temporarily• Soviets wanted a “buffer”• Americans wanted “self-determination”

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Japan/Asia

• Territory loss•New constitution

• Emperor •Demilitarized•Minimal war crimes

• 1951 - Regains independence

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United Nations

• What role did the UN play in the Cold War?• How successful was/is the UN in preventing

international conflicts?• How did the decolonization of Africa and Asia affect

the General Assembly? Size? Focus? Impact on “superpowers”?

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It’s Always about Money!

• Capitalism•IMF•World Bank•Marshall Plan•EU

• Communism•Closed•State

Allocated•Government

determined prices, production, distribution

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Cold War Battles

•Diplomatic wars—fought through other nations

•No direct fighting•“The enemy of my enemy is my

friend” •For the US: If your not a

Communist, it’s all good.

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Nuclear Weapons

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What’s at stake?

•Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD)

•Nuclear Winter

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Eastern Europe

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Hungarian Revolution1956

Hungarian Revolution, 1956

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15Soviets in Czechoslovakia

Soviets in Czechoslovakia

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Korea•China and

USSR vs. U.S. and South Korea

•38th parallel—still divided?

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Fidel Castro returns to Havana

18Cuban missile crisis

Cuban missile crisis

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19

Vietnam

• France leaves 1954

• Communist N. Vietnam invades S. Vietnam

• U.S. at war from 1963(?) to 1975

• Impact on Cold War?

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Vietnamese at warVietnamese at war

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Jomo Kenyatta

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Nkrumah opening parliament

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Juan O'Gorman, Credit Transforms Mexico

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New World Classifications

•“First World” Countries•“Second World” Countries •“Third World” Countries •“Fourth World” Countries

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Bandung Conference

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Saudi riches

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Middle East Oil and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947-1973