chapter 29 – the cold war. origins of the cold war
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 29 – The Cold War
Origins of the Cold War
Differing Visions of the Postwar World
Abandon spheres of influence and allow democratic processes to determine the outcome of disputes
Protect every nation’s right to self-determination
Establish a sphere of influence in Central and Eastern Europe
Great Britain's feelings?
Thanks!!!We’ll open up a
2nd front within 6 months
Thanks!!!We’ll enter the
Pacific war after tensions chill in
Europe
Diplomacy During the WarTehran Conference (1943)
What about Poland???Soviets wanted a pro-
communist governmentU.S. and Britain wanted to
reinstate the exiled government
YaltaUN established
Senate ratified charter 80-2
Disagreements at YaltaPolish Government Soviets
were already there and placed a pro-communist
regime in power
What to do with Germany? Divided into 4 occupation
zones Berlin (in Soviet zone) also
divided
The Collapse of the Peace
Failure of PotsdamTime to get tough
with the Soviets!!!!!
However, the U.S. had to accept the Europe that Stalin envisioned
HARRY S. TRUMAN
Trouble in China
Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong
vs.
NATIONALISTS COMMUNISTS
Mao and the communists won; Americans felt that the U.S. (Democrats) had “lost” China
Truman DoctrineAmerica must protect free peoples from subjugation by outside forces (Soviet expansion)
* These ideas are reflective of American diplomat George Kennan
The Containment Doctrine
Atlantic Charter
Truman Doctrine was applied to Turkey & Greece ($400 million) the aid worked and containment
became the new U.S. foreign policy
The Marshall PlanSecretary of State John Marshall proposed a plan
to help rebuild Western Europe…WHY???
Humanitarian concern
Fear that Europe would remain an economic drain
on America
Establish a strong European market
for American goods
Strengthen pro-American gov’ts in western Europe in
order to resist being taken over by
domestic communist parties
A coup in Czechoslovakia caused
any opposition to disappear
Mobilization at HomeNational Security Act of 1947
Established Department of
Defense (combined War &
Navy Depts.)
Established National Security Council (operated out of the White
House)
Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA) replaced Office of Strategic Services
(OSS)
Gave the president expanded powers
The Road to NATOWestern section of Germany and West Berlin
were combined into West Germany (democratic) Stalin responded by blockading West Berlin
West Berlin
Berlin Airlift went on for 10 months
Berlin became a symbol of the West’s
opposition and defiance of Soviet
expansion
1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
1955 Warsaw Pact
Reevaluating Cold War Policy
NSC – 68The U.S. needs to take the lead in opposing the spread of communism and it must mobilize to stop it anywhere in the world regardless of strategic or economic value of the land threatened.