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Characteristics of Benign

and Malignant

Neoplasms

Presented By:Liezle Agawin Gargoles

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Neoplasm is an abnormal growth of

tissue. Also known as a tumor (meaning "new formation")

Behavioral or biological classification of a tumor:

Benign: A slow-growing, self-contained tumor that is not seriously harmful.

Malignant: A usually fast-growing, often fatal tumor that invades surrounding tissue and sheds cells that spread throughout the body, creating new tumors.

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Tumour Development

A tumour is a heterogeneous mass of cells, derived from a single ancestral cell. Exposure to carcinogens leads to the transformation of a normal cell into one with a cancerous phenotype. As this transformed cell divides successively, some of the cells are changed further by various factors, leading to subclones which differ from the original transformed cell. Some of the cells are non-viable and die. As the tumour grows it becomes complex of clones of cells, each with different behaviours. Thus with time, it becomes increasingly difficult to kill all the cells with drugs (e.g., tamoxifen for breast cancer) because each group can respond differently to the treatment.

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Cell Characteristics

Benign Well-

differentiated cells that resemble normal cells of the tissue from which the tumor originated

Malignant Cells are

undifferentiated and often bear little resemblance to the normal cells of the tissue from which they arose

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Mode of growth

Benign Tumor grows by

expansion and does not infiltrate the surrounding tissues; usually encapsulated

Malignant Grows at the

periphery and sends out processes that infiltrate and destroy the surrounding tissues

Rate of growth

Benign Rate of growth is

usually slow

Malignant Rate of growth is

variable and depends on level of differentiation; the more anaplastic the tumor, the faster its growth

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Metastasis

Benign Does not spread

by metastasis

Malignant Gains access to

the blood and lymphatic channels and metastasizes to other areas of the body

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General effects

Benign Is usually a

localized phenomenon that does not cause generalized effects unless its location interferes with vital functions

Malignant Often causes

generalized effects, such as anemia, weakness, and weight loss

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Tissue destruction

Benign Does not usually

cause tissue damage unless its location interferes with blood flow

Malignant Often causes

extensive tissue damage as the tumor outgrows its blood supply or encroaches on blood flow to the area; may also produce substances that cause cell damage

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Ability to cause death

Benign Does not usually

cause death unless its location interferes with vital functions

Malignant Usually causes

death unless growth can be controlled

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Benign tumors cause more than 13,000 annual deaths in the USA, which can be compared to more than 500,000 annual deaths from cancer (malignant tumors).

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T.H.A.T.’S. I.T.!

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