Chapter 2 Questions

Tiana Gilmore

Danielle White

Austin Rogers

Derriyon Winns

Michael Trammer

Question One

What was essential to Europeans’ “expansionist

impulse” beginning in the 15th century?

The new concentration of power that was

developed, which was when monarchs began to

assert their political authority over feudal lords

and unify their realms.

Question Two

What was Columbus searching for when

he left Europe?

When Columbus left Europe he was on a quest

for a water route that would allow European

traders travel and sell their goods without paying

tribute to the Middle Eastern middlemen.

Question TwoA

What did Columbus’ 4 voyages set in motion?

 Columbus’ four voyages set up a large mix of

populations from different parts of the world. In

addition, the voyages shifted the commercial center of

gravity that was centered in Europe and stretches it

over to the Mediterranean to the Atlantic. Therefore,

seeds were located in the first global empire.

Question TwoB

What compelled others to follow him?

Others were compelled to follow Columbus, because he

was an archetypical figure of the European expansion.

He was full of knowledge, and was always looking for

adventure. Maybe, it was because his personality

brought others to follow his example, but it was

probably his discovery of gold on Hispaniola in 1493.

Without certain metals, the discovery of this accident

would have stayed as an obstacle.

Question Three

“By the end of the 16th century the Spanish had __________?

The Spanish had conquered the major centers of

native population and they established a

transatlantic trade, and carried African slaves to

colonies. The Spanish people kept watch on the

extraction of gold and silver in quantities from lands

under their domination. Sugar production claimed

the labor of 25,000 Portuguese and about the same

number of African slaves in Brazil.

Question ThreeA

What goal, other than gold and silver acquisition,

did the European states seek to accomplish in the

“New World”?

Europeans did strive for gold and silver acquisition,

but Europeans also strived for religious goals. There

were battles over which religion –Protestantism or

Catholicism- would be dominant in the new

European nation-states.

Question ThreeB

Protestantism and Catholicism, codes of living,

can be explained as ways of ____________, not

unlike today’s socialism, communism, or

democracy.

Protestantism and Catholicism, codes of living, can

be explained as ways of ordering and imparting, not

unlike today’s socialism, communism, or

democracy.

Question Four Discuss in detail the Colombian Exchange.

The Columbian Exchange was the exchange that

started when the Europeans came to the Americas.

They brought with them diseases and illnesses.

They also brought plants, fruits, grains, and

livestock. All of these things were new to the

Americas and they adapted to the unknown

environment. The Europeans also brought back

something from the Americas. Not only did they

bring disease, but they also brought back new foods

and animals.

Question Five

What nation was the most backward

where exploration was concerned?

England was the most backward nations when

exploration was involved. John Cabot’s voyages

were the only reason why England has some

type of title to certain place in the New World. 

Question FiveA

Why did this nation want to establish new

colonies?

England wanted to establish new colonies

because to them, colonies provided markets,

sources of raw materials, and, if they had gold

and silver, the total supply of specie are added

while the strength of nations were measured.

Question FiveB

What social conflict propelled citizens of

England toward colonization?

 The social conflict that brought the citizens

toward colonization was the religious status,

which was centered in-between Protestantism

and Catholicism. This was a struggle, because

many people switched back and forth to

different religions.

Question FiveC

What two major nations were already established in the “New World”?

The two Iberian powers (Spain

and Portugal).

Question Six

Describe early Spanish interaction with Native Americans along the East coast.

The Spanish put small, fragile settlements on

the southeastern coast, and took part in minor

trade with the Indians of the region. Their

many attempts to bring the entire Gulf region

under Spanish control failed.

Question SixA

What element was more powerful than swords and guns in the establishment of the Spanish?

Disease was more powerful than

swords and guns.

Question SixB

What was the primary difference between the

Spanish settlement along the east coast and in

the New Mexico region in the southwest?

Spanish settlements along the East coast looked

to control the Gulf region, and minor trade but

failed. Spanish settlements near New Mexico

were involved in missionary activity.

Question SixC

What happened to alter the acceptance of the

Spanish priests and their religion in the 1670s?

Spanish priest began to restrict Pueblo activity. They did

this by forbidding Native dancing, destroying masks and

prayer sticks, and imprisoning and flogging pueblo priests

and medicine men.

Question SixD

What decimated the Indian population of Southern California?

Sickness decimated the Indian

population in southern California.

Question Seven

What was more valuable to the French

than the fishing industry established

along the far northeastern coast?

The skins of fur-bearing animals or fur trade

became more valuable than the fishing

industry.

Question SevenA

What was the major difference between

the interaction of the French and the

Indians and the Spanish and Indians that

became official French law?

Indians were more interactive with the French

than with the Spanish.

Question SevenB

What policy led to a greater degree of

cultural blending in New France than in

New England?

The French policy led to a greater degree of

cultural blending in New France than in New

England.

Question SevenC

What event demonstrated the decline in

French and Indian relationship? Explain.

Although Catholicism and French values helped

shape the relationship with Indian societies,

economic and demographic factors were

sometimes more important. This is amply

demonstrated by French relations with the

Natchez of the lower Mississippi region.

Question Eight

How would the Indians’ long experience

with the Spanish and French…affect the

native disposition toward the English?

The English would build their forts facing the

sea, to fend off Spanish attacks, rather than

facing inland where the Indian danger lay.

Question EightA

Why did the English have a favorable

image of the peoples of the “New World”?

They hoped that trade with native peoples

would become a major source of profit on the

other side of the Atlantic.

Question EightB

What was the opposing view of Indians

and why?

They pictured a savage, hostile, beastlike

person and even a people cursed by God

because they were descended from ancient

Israelites.

Question EightC

Why did English believe they had a right to

the land of the “New World”?

The English believed they could presumably lay

waste the country they were entering. It was

suggested that the English were fully capable of

every cruelty contrived by the Spanish.

Question EightD

Which image was most profitable

for the English?

 At times, the English tended to see the

native as a backward, but receptive

person with whom amicable and

profitable relations must be

established.

Thank You For Your Time!

Are There Any Questions?