chapter 1
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Chapter 1. The Nature of Life. Mr. Raucci. The Fallacy. “ Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc ” “________________________________” A logical fallacy stating, "Since that event followed this one, _____________________ ______________________________________.”. The Truth. SAT Box Latin - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1
The Nature of Life
Mr. Raucci
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The Fallacy
• “Post Hoc, Ergo Propter Hoc”• “________________________________” • A logical fallacy stating, "Since that event
followed this one, ___________________________________________________________.”
The Truth• Sequential occurrence _____________________________________________
SAT BoxLatin
Post – afterErgo – therefore
VocabSequential – in a row
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How to Out a WitchBound Submersion
There was no favorable result in this
test; essentially the alleged witch would be bound at the hands and feet – with heavy rocked attached – and thrown
into a body of water. If the body floated to the surface, that was proof, along
some kind of whimsical lines, that the accused was indeed a witch (at which point they’d execute her by some other
means). If she sank to the bottom – and inevitably drowned – she was
innocent. Given that none of these girls had received any proper Navy Seals
training – inhale, hold your breath, don’t panic – about 100% of them
drowned, with apathetic standers-by shrugging it off, thinking ‘Oh well. Now
we know.”
SAT BoxVocab
Whimsical – spontaneously playfulSubmerse – be belowImmerse – surround withAllege – suggestInevitable – guaranteed
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• “Cum Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc” • A logical fallacy stating "with this, therefore
because of this“ – implying that correlation implies causation
The Fallacy
• a correlation between _____________________________________________________________________________
The TruthSAT Box
LatinCum – with
VocabFallacy – false ideaImplying – suggestingCorrelation - relationship
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Print out
• http://www.jdenuno.com/PDFfiles/RootWords.pdf
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Chapter 1 Vocabulary
• Growth• Homeostasis• Metabolism• Nutrition• Organism• Reproduction• Respiration• Transport
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Is Life Common?
• What is Life?• What are the characteristics of life?• Why is there life?
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The Drake Equation
• Neil deGrasse Tyson explanation• Big Bang explanation
N = the number of civilizations in our galaxy with which communication might be possible (i.e. which are on our current past light cone)R* = the average number of star formation per year in our galaxyfp = the fraction of those stars that have planetsne = the average number of planets that can potentially support life per star that has planetsfl = the fraction of planets that could support life that actually develop life at some pointfi = the fraction of planets with life that actually go on to develop intelligent life (civilizations)fc = the fraction of civilizations that develop a technology that releases detectable signs of their existence into spaceL = the length of time for which such civilizations release detectable signals into space
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N = 10 x .5 x 2 x 1 x .1 x .01 x 40,000
= 400 intelligent alien civilizations with the technology to transmit and potentially contact us.
Next question: If SETI does receive a message, what then?
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Characteristics of Life
Biology – the study of living things
1. Living things are highly __________________________________________________________________
2. … are made up ___________________________.3. … use ________________________________4. … have a definite ____________________________5. … have a limited ____________________________6. … grow7. … respond ________________________________8. …are able ___________________________________9. Groups of living things ________________________________
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What about a virus?
Viruses are small portions of DNA or RNA surrounded _________________. They are only capable of __________________________________.
Are viruses alive?
What if life is discovered elsewhere? Will we need to refine our definitions?
Flu virus through an electron microscope
SAT BoxVocab
Refine – purify or make distinctions
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SAT BoxLatin
Adeno - glandRhino - nose
VocabMosaic – made of many diverse partsEpidemic - widespread
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Homeostasis
• Defn: the maintenance ____________________________________________
• The key to understanding life
• Temperature, hormones, hydration, ________________________________________________, …
SAT BoxLatin
Homeo – sameStasis – state ofVaso – blood vessel
VocabMaintenance – continuanceHydration – infuse waterDilation – expansionConstriction - shrinking
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Nutrition• Defn: the taking of materials from
_________________________________________________________• Nutrients – substances an organism
__________________________________________________________ (can come in the form of solids, liquids or gases)
• Ingestion – taking in __________ but usually not in a usable form
• Digestion – the ___________________________________ materials into simpler forms
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Transport• Defn: the process by which _______________________________________________________
SAT BoxLatin
Extra – outsideIntra - inside
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(Cellular) Respiration• The obtaining of __________________________________________________________.
– Aerobic – while utilizing ______________– _________ – without utilizing oxygen
SAT BoxLatin
Aer – airAn - without
VocabUtilizing - using
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Synthesis
• Defn: combining simple substances ________________
_________________ _________________.
SAT BoxLatin
Syn – withThesis – put
VocabComplementary – fitting together
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Growth• Increasing size
– Unicellular – _________________– Multicellular – ____________________________
• specialization
• Animal growth is time defined• Some Plants & some other organisms can grow
indefinitely
SAT BoxLatin
Uni – oneMulti - many
VocabIndefinitely – without end
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Excretion• The process of
_________________________
• Differs from secretion
SAT BoxLatin
Ex – out or fromphoto - light
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Regulation• The process of __________________________• In animals performed by __________________________________________________________
– Endocrine – hormones = chemical messengers (also used by plants)
– Nervous – neuro-chemical impulses Demo 1 – kidneys
Demo 2 - temperature
SAT BoxLatin
Endo –withinExo – outside of
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Reproduction• Necessary for continuation of a species but not an
individual organism• Sexual – _______________________________• Asexual – ______________________________
SAT BoxLatin
A - notVocab
Clone – exact copyTrait - characterisitc
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Metabolism
• The sum total of ____________________________________________________________________
• Anabolism• Catabolism
SAT BoxLatin
Ana – up or repeatingCata – down
VocabAnabolism – building upCatabolism – breaking down