Ch.3 power point By N. Mansour

Properties of matter

SubstancesMatter is anything that has mass and takes up space.Everything around us is matter, including things that we cannot see, such as air and microbes.

States of matter

Solids –A solid is a form of matter that has its own definite shape and volume.The particles of matter in a solid are tightly packedSolids are incompressible( cannot be pressed into a smaller volume.

Liquids

Liquids –A liquid is a form of matter that flowsHas constant volume.Takes the shape of the container.The particles in a liquid are not rigidly held in place.Liquid particles are able to move past each other.

Gases

A gas is a form of matter that not only flows to conform to the shape of its container, but also fills the entire volume of its container.The particles of gases are very far apartGases are easily compressed

Physical properties of Matter

A physical property is a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the sample’s composition.Examples of physical properties: Density, color, odor, hardness,

melting point and boiling point

Physical Change

Changes in matterPhysical Changes

Physical Changes: a change, which alters a substance without changing its composition.Phase change is a transition of matter from one state to another.Phase change is a physical change.Examples:

* ice melting * Water boiling * Water evaporating• Mixing oil and water• Melting mercury at -39oC

Chemical change

Chemical change is when a new substance form different from the original.The new substances formed will have different composition and different properties from the original substances.Baking soda reacts with vinegar to produce three new substances ( carbon dioxide, water and sodium acetate).Decomposition of sugar ( carbohydrate) produces water and carbon.Burning wood produces water and carbon.

Chemical change

Homogenous mixture

The Unit Organizer BIGGER PICTURE

Name ________________________

Date _________________________LAST UNIT/ExperienceCURRENT UNITNEXT UNIT/ExperienceUnit MapUnit Vocabulary1. 8. 2. 9. 3. 10. 4. 11. 5. 12. 6. 13. 7. 14.

Application on physical properties

Part I.  Classification - Describe each of the following properties and either intensive or extensive.

1) Mass  2) Density 3) Length 4) Color  5) Reactivity 6) Volume 7) Malleability  8) Luster 9) WeightPart II.  Define - Use your own words to define the following terms.10)  Intensive Properties -    11)  Extensive Properties -    Answers:  Part I.1)  extensive            2)   intensive            3) extensive            4)   intensive            5) intensive            6) extensive             7) intensive              8) intensive    9) extensive Please forward all questions, comments and criticisms to Gregory L. Curran.© Copyright 2004 Fordham Preparatory School, All Rights Reserved.Last Modified

Elements and Compounds

An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.On Earth, 92 elements occur naturally.A compound is made up of two or more different elements that are combined chemically.Most matter in the universe exists in the form of compounds.

Separating compounds into components

Electrolysis –separating water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by passing a current electricity.Separating the components of sodium chloride(Salt) into chlorine gas and white sodium metal.

Application on mixture and pure substances

Science Help Online Worksheet 1-4a Classification of Matter Name__________________________Section____________________________     Part I.  Classify each of the following substances as; an element, a compound, a solution, or a heterogeneous mixture.1.  Sand   2.  Salt 3.  Pure Water 4.  Soil 5.  Soda  6 .  Pure Air 7.  Carbon Dioxide 8.  Gold   9.  Bronze  10. Oxygen 11.  Salad Dressing 12. Salt Water    Part II.   In the spaces provided, describe the distinguishing characteristics of the major categories of matter.13.  Element -   14.  Compound -   15.  Solution -   16.  Mixture -  Answers - part I.1) mixture            2) compound             3) compound             4) mixture         5) solution             6) solution7) compound      8) element                  9) solution                10) element     11) mixture             12) solution Please forward all questions, comments and criticisms to

Electrolysis

Law of Definite Proportion

A compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportion by mass, no matter how large or small the sample.Percent by mass% = mass of element X 100

mass of compound

Practice: 1. A 78.0-g of an unknown compound contains 124g of hydrogen, what is the percent by mass of hydrogen in the compound?

2. 1.0 g of hydrogen reacts completely with 19.0g of fluorine. What is the percent by mass of hydrogen in the compound that is formed?

Mixtures of Matter

A mixture is a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties.The composition of mixture is variable and the number of mixtures that can be created by combining substances is infinite.

Types of Mixtures

Heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that does not blend smoothly throughout and in which the individual substances remain distinctExamples: Salad dressing, orange juice ( juice and pulp).Homogeneous mixture is a mixture that has constant composition throughout: it always has a single phaseHomogeneous mixtures are also referred to as solutions.Examples of solution systems

• Gas-gas –Air in a scuba tank is primarily a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen and argon gases.

• Gas-liquid –Oxygen and carbon dioxide are dissolved in seawater.

• Liquid-gas -Moist air exhaled by the scuba diver contains water droplets,

• Liquid-liquid –When it is raining, fresh water mixes with seawater.

• Solid-liquid –Solid salts are dissolved in seawater.• Solid-solid –The air tank is made of an allow –A mixture of

two metals

Separating Mixtures

Filtration –Is a technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquidDistillation –is a separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involvedCrystallisation –is a separaton technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved subbstance.Sublimation –process during which a solid changes to vapor without meltingChromatography –Is a technique that separates the components of a mixture based on the ability of each component to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material.

Evidence of chemical changes

1. Color2. Formation of gas3. Formation of precipitate4. Absorption of energy5. Release of energy

Convervation Of Mass & Matter

Convervation of Mass – Mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction.Mass of reactants = mass of productsMass of baking soda+ vinegar before chemical reaction = 123.92 gMass of carbon dioxide + water+ sodium acetate (products) = 122.99gReview material from last week lab/ Demo.

Extensive and intensive properties

Extensive properties are dependent on the amount of substance presentExamples: mass, length and volumeIntensive properties are independent of the amount of substance presentExample: Density

Chemical Properties of Matter

Chemical property is the ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances.Examples

• Iron and oxygen form rust• Magnesium burns brightly when

ignited• Combustion• Respiration• Photosynthesis• Mixing baking soda and vinegar