physical and chemical changes pure substances mixtures states of matter
DESCRIPTION
Matter. Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter. Everything that has mass and volume is called matter. What is matter?. What kind of changes does matter undergo?. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Physical and Chemical ChangesPure Substances
MixturesStates of Matter
![Page 2: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Everything that has mass and volume is called matter.
![Page 3: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
All matter, regardless of state, undergoes physical and chemical changes. These changes can be microscopic or macroscopic.
![Page 4: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
• occurs when the substance changes appearance but does not change its chemical composition. •Ex: water freezing into ice or cutting a piece
of wood into smaller pieces•The appearance has changed, but the
properties of that substance are the same (i.e. it has the same melting point, boiling point, chemical composition, etc.)
![Page 6: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Melting point• Boiling point• Vapor pressure• Color• State of matter
• Density • Electrical conductivity• Solubility• Adsorption to a surface• Hardness
![Page 7: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• occurs when a substance changes into something new. This occurs due to heating, chemical reaction, etc.
•Ex: if the density, melting point or freezing point of the original substance changes.
•Many common signs of a chemical change can be seen (bubbles forming, mass changed, etc).
![Page 8: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Reaction with acids• Reaction with bases (alkalis)• Reaction with oxygen (combustion)• Ability to act as oxidizing agent
• Ability to act as reducing agent• Reaction with other elements• Decomposition into simpler substances• Corrosion
![Page 9: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• Physical properties are those that we can determine without changing the identity of the substance we are studying.
![Page 10: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• The physical properties of sodium metal can be observed or measured. It is a soft, lustrous, silver-colored metal with a relatively low melting point and low density.
• Hardness, color, melting point and density are all physical properties.
![Page 11: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
• Chemical properties describe the way a substance can change or react to form other substances. These properties, then, must be determined using a process that changes the identity of the substance of interest.
![Page 12: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
• In other words, we have to define chemical properties of a substance by the chemical changes it undergoes.
![Page 13: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Physical and chemical properties may be intensive or extensive.
![Page 15: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• Intensive properties such as density, color, and boiling point do not depend on the quantity of the sample and can be used to identify substances.
![Page 16: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Extensive properties such as mass and volume do depend on the quantity of the sample.
![Page 17: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Substances can be identified as either an element, compound, or a mixture.
![Page 18: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
•A substance is matter of a particular kind. •Each substance has its own characteristic
properties that are different from the set of properties of any other substance.
![Page 19: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• Fixed composition• Cannot be separated into simpler substances
by physical methods (physical changes)• Can only be changed in identity and
properties by chemical methods• Properties do not vary
![Page 20: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Compounds
• Can be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes
Elements
• Cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes
![Page 21: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Mixtures are two or more substances that are NOT chemically combined.Mixtures do not:
· Have constant boiling points
· Have constant melting points
![Page 22: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Variable composition– Results in different physical properties
• May be separated into pure substances by physical methods
![Page 23: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• look the same throughout but can be separated by physical means (dissolution, centrifuge, gravimetric filtering, etc.). Examples: milk, yogurt
![Page 24: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• Have the same composition throughout
• Components are indistinguishable• May or may not scatter light
Examples: milk, yogurt, etc.
![Page 25: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• homogenous mixtures created when something is completely dissolved in pure water. Therefore, they are easily separated by distillation or evaporation.
Examples: sugar water, salt water
![Page 26: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• composed of large pieces that are easily separated by physical means (ie. density, polarity, metallic properties).
![Page 27: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Do not have same composition throughout
• Components are distinguishable
Examples: fruit salad, vegetable soup, etc.
![Page 28: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Solids• Liquids• Gases
(And how the Kinetic Molecular Theory affects each)
![Page 29: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
•Have a definite shape•Have a definite volume
Molecules are held close together and there is very little movement between them.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
![Page 31: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
•Have an indefinite shape•Have a definite volume
Kinetic Molecular Theory:Atoms and molecules have more space between them than a solid does, but less than a gas (ie. It is more “fluid”.)
![Page 32: Physical and Chemical Changes Pure Substances Mixtures States of Matter](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062811/56816039550346895dcf5bcd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
•Have an indefinite shape•Have an indefinite volume
Kinetic Molecular Theory:
Molecules are moving in random patterns with varying amounts of distance between the particles.