ccna routing and switching chapter-1-2-3 mme

© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco ConfidentialPresentation_ID 1

Chapter 1:Exploring the Network

Introduction to Networks

Chapter 2:Configuring a Network OS

Chapter 3:Network Protocols and Communications

Mohammad Mamun ElahiAssistant Professor, Department of CSE

Instructor, UIU Cisco Networking Academy

http://cse.uiu.ac.bd/profiles/mmelahi/




http://cse.uiu.ac.bd/

http://cisco.uiu.ac.bd/

Presentation_ID 2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential

Providing Resources in a NetworkNetworks of Many Sizes


Providing Resources in a NetworkClients and Servers


Providing Resources in a NetworkPeer-to-Peer


LANs, WANs, and InternetsComponents of a Network

There are three categories of network components: Devices Media Services


Components of a NetworkNetwork Media


Components of a NetworkNetwork Representations


Components of a NetworkTopology Diagrams


LANs and WANsTypes of Networks

The two most common types of network infrastructures are: Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN).

Other types of networks include: Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) Wireless LAN (WLAN) Storage Area Network (SAN)


LANs and WANsLocal Area Networks (LAN)


LANs and WANsWide Area Networks (WAN)


LANs, WANs, and InternetsThe Internet


The InternetIntranet and Extranet


LANs, WANs, and InternetsInternet Access Technologies


Connecting to the InternetConnecting Remote Users to the Internet


Connecting to the InternetConnecting Businesses to the Internet


Converged NetworksThe Converging Network


Reliable NetworkSupporting Network Architecture

As networks evolve, we are discovering that there are four basic characteristics that the underlying architectures need to address in order to meet user expectations: Fault Tolerance Scalability Quality of Service (QoS) Security


Reliable NetworkFault Tolerance in Circuit Switched Network


Reliable NetworkPacket-Switched Networks


Reliable NetworkScalable Networks


Reliable NetworkProviding (QoS)

Examples of priority decisions for an organization might include: Time-sensitive communication - increase priority for services

like telephony or video distribution. Non time-sensitive communication - decrease priority for web

page retrieval or email. High importance to organization - increase priority for

production control or business transaction data. Undesirable communication - decrease priority or block

unwanted activity, like peer-to-peer file sharing or live entertainment


Reliable NetworkProviding Network Security


Network TrendsData Centers

A data center is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components including: Redundant data communications connections High-speed virtual servers (sometimes referred to as server

farms or server clusters) Redundant storage systems (typically uses SAN technology) Redundant or backup power supplies Environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire

suppression) Security devices


Networking Technologies for the HomeTechnology Trends in the Home


Networking Technologies for the HomeWireless Broadband


Future of NetworkingNetwork Security


Network SecuritySecurity Threats

The most common external threats to networks include: Viruses, worms, and Trojan horses Spyware and adware Zero-day attacks, also called zero-hour attacks Hacker attacks Denial of service attacks Data interception and theft Identity theft


Network SecuritySecurity Solutions

Network security components often include: Antivirus and antispyware Firewall filtering Dedicated firewall systems Access control lists (ACL) Intrusion prevention systems (IPS) Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)


Chapter 2

2.1 IOS Bootcamp

2.2 Getting Basic

2.3 Address Schemes

2.4 Summary


Cisco IOSOperating Systems

All networking equipment dependent on operating systems End users (PCs, laptops, smart phones, tablets) Switches Routers Wireless access points Firewalls

Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) Collection of network operating systems used on Cisco devices


Cisco IOSOperating Systems


Cisco IOSLocation of the Cisco IOS

IOS stored in Flash Non-volatile storage – not lost when power is lost Can be changed or overwritten as needed Can be used to store multiple versions of IOS IOS copied from flash to volatile RAM Quantity of flash and RAM memory determines IOS that can be used


Cisco IOSIOS FunctionsMajor functions performed or enabled by Cisco routers and switches include:


Accessing a Cisco IOS DeviceConsole Access Method

Most common methods to access the Command Line Interface Console Telnet or SSH AUX port


Accessing a Cisco IOS DeviceConsole Access Method

Console port Device is accessible even if no networking services have been

configured (out-of-band) Need a special console cable Allows configuration commands to be entered Should be configured with passwords to prevent unauthorized

access Device should be located in a secure room so console port can not

be easily accessed


Accessing a Cisco IOS DeviceTelnet, SSH, and AUX Access MethodsTelnet Method for remotely accessing the CLI over a network Require active networking services and one active interface that is

configured

Secure Shell (SSH) Remote login similar to Telnet but utilizes more security Stronger password authentication Uses encryption when transporting data

Aux Port Out-of-band connection Uses telephone line Can be used like console port


Accessing a Cisco IOS DeviceTerminal Emulation Programs

Software available for connecting to a networking device PuTTY Tera Term SecureCRT HyperTerminal OS X Terminal


Navigating the IOSCisco IOS Modes of Operation


Navigating the IOSPrimary Modes


Navigating the IOSGlobal Configuration Mode and Submodes


Navigating the IOSNavigating between IOS Modes


Navigating the IOSNavigating between IOS Modes (cont.)


The Command StructureIOS Command Structure


The Command StructureContext Sensitive Help


The Command StructureCommand Syntax Check


The Command StructureHot Keys and Shortcuts

Tab - Completes the remainder of a partially typed command or keyword

Ctrl-R - Redisplays a line Ctrl-A – Moves cursor to the beginning of the line Ctrl-Z - Exits configuration mode and returns to user EXEC Down Arrow - Allows the user to scroll forward through former

commands Up Arrow - Allows the user to scroll backward through former

commands Ctrl-Shift-6 - Allows the user to interrupt an IOS process such

as ping or traceroute. Ctrl-C - Aborts the current command and exits the configuration

mode


The Command StructureIOS Examination Commands


The Command StructureThe show version Command


HostnamesWhy the Switch

Let’s focus on Creating a two PC network connected via a switch Setting a name for the switch Limiting access to the device configuration Configuring banner messages Saving the configuration


HostnamesDevice Names

Some guidelines for naming conventions are that names should: Start with a letter Contain no spaces End with a letter or digit Use only letters, digits, and dashes Be less than 64 characters in length

Without names, network devices are difficult to

identify for configuration purposes.


HostnamesHostnames

Hostnames allow devices to be identified by network administrators over a network or the Internet.


HostnamesConfiguring Hostnames


Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsSecuring Device Access

The passwords introduced here are:

Enable password - Limits access to the privileged EXEC mode

Enable secret - Encrypted, limits access to the privileged EXEC mode

Console password - Limits device access using the console connection

VTY password - Limits device access over Telnet

Note: In most of the labs in this course, we will be using simple passwords such as cisco or class.


Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsSecuring Privileged EXEC Access

use the enable secret command, not the older enable password command

enable secret provides greater security because the password is encrypted


Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsSecuring User EXEC Access

Console port must be secured• reduces the chance of unauthorized personnel physically

plugging a cable into the device and gaining device access

vty lines allow access to a Cisco device via Telnet• number of vty lines supported varies with the type of

device and the IOS version


Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsEncrypting Password Display

service password-encryption prevents

passwords from showing up as plain text when viewing the configuration

purpose of this command is to keep unauthorized individuals from viewing passwords in the configuration file

once applied, removing the encryption service does not reverse the encryption


Limiting Access to Device ConfigurationsBanner Messages important part of

the legal process in the event that someone is prosecuted for breaking into a device

wording that implies that a login is "welcome" or "invited" is not appropriate

often used for legal notification because it is displayed to all connected terminals


Saving ConfigurationsConfiguration Files

Switch# reloadSystem configuration has been modified. Save? [yes/no]: nProceed with reload? [confirm]

Startup configuration is removed by using the erase startup-configSwitch# erase startup-config

On a switch you must also issue the delete vlan.dat

Switch# delete vlan.dat Delete filename [vlan.dat]?Delete flash:vlan.dat? [confirm]


Saving ConfigurationsCapturing Text


Ports and AddressesIP Addressing in the Large Each end device on a

network must be configured with an IP address

Structure of an IPv4 address is called dotted decimal

IP address displayed in decimal notation, with four decimal numbers between 0 and 255

With the IP address, a subnet mask is also necessary

IP addresses can be assigned to both physical ports and virtual interfaces


Ports and AddressesInterfaces and Ports Network communications depend on end user device interfaces,

networking device interfaces, and the cables that connect them Types of network media include twisted-pair copper cables, fiber-

optic cables, coaxial cables, or wireless Different types of network media have different features and benefits Ethernet is the most common local area network (LAN) technology Ethernet ports are found on end user devices, switch devices, and

other networking devices Cisco IOS switches have physical ports for devices to connect to, but

also have one or more switch virtual interfaces (SVIs - no physical hardware on the device associated with it; created in software)

SVI provides a means to remotely manage a switch over a network


Addressing DevicesConfiguring a Switch Virtual Interface

IP address - together with subnet mask, uniquely identifies end device on internetwork

Subnet mask - determines which part of a larger network is used by an IP address

interface VLAN 1 - interface configuration mode ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 - configures the IP address

and subnet mask for the switch no shutdown - administratively enables the interface Switch still needs to have physical ports configured and VTY lines to

enable remote management


Addressing DevicesManual IP Address Configuration for End Devices


Addressing DevicesAutomatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices


Addressing DevicesIP Address Conflicts


Verifying ConnectivityTest the Loopback Address on an End Device


Verifying ConnectivityTesting the Interface Assignment


Verifying ConnectivityTesting End-to-End Connectivity


Chapter 3

3.1 Rules of Communication3.2 Network Protocols and Standards3.3 Moving Data in the Network3.4 Summary


The RulesWhat is Communication?


The RulesMessage Formatting and Encapsulation

Example: Personal letter contains the following elements: An identifier of the recipient A salutation or greeting The message content A closing phrase An identifier of the sender


The RulesMessage Delivery Options


ProtocolsRules that Govern Communications


ProtocolsNetwork Protocols How the message is formatted or structured The process by which networking devices share information

about pathways with other networks How and when error and system messages are passed

between devices The setup and termination of data transfer sessions


ProtocolsInteraction of Protocols Application Protocol – Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Transport Protocol – Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol – Internet Protocol (IP) Network Access Protocols – Data Link & Physical layers


Protocol SuitesProtocol Suites and Industry Standards


Protocol SuitesTCP/IP Protocol Suite and Communication


Reference ModelsThe OSI Reference Model


Reference ModelsThe TCP/IP Reference Model


Reference ModelsComparing the OSI and TCP/IP Models


Data EncapsulationCommunicating the Messages Segmenting message benefits

Different conversations can be interleavedIncreased reliability of network communications

Segmenting message disadvantageIncreased level of complexity


Data EncapsulationProtocol Data Units (PDUs) Data Segment Packet Frame Bits


Data EncapsulationEncapsulation


Data EncapsulationDe-encapsulation


Moving Data in the NetworkAccessing Local Resources


Accessing Local ResourcesNetwork Addresses & Data Link addresses Network Address

Source IP addressDestination IP address

Data Link AddressSource data link addressDestination data link address


Accessing Local ResourcesCommunicating with Device / Same Network


Accessing Local ResourcesMAC and IP Addresses

PC1192.168.1.110

AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA

PC2192.168.1.111

BB-BB-BB-BB-BB-BB

FTP Server192.168.1.9

CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC

R1192.168.1.1

11-11-11-11-11-11ARP

RequestS1 R1


Accessing Remote ResourcesDefault Gateway

PC 1192.168.1.110

AA-AA-AA-AA-AA-AA

PC 2192.168.1.111

BB-BB-BB-BB-BB-BB

FTP Server192.168.1.9

CC-CC-CC-CC-CC-CC

R1192.168.1.1

11-11-11-11-11-11

R2172.16.1.99

22-22-22-22-22-22

Web Server172.16.1.99

AB-CD-EF-12-34-56


Accessing Remote ResourcesCommunicating Device / Remote Network


Accessing Remote ResourcesUsing Wireshark to View Network Traffic

ccna routing and switching chapter-1-2-3 mme

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