carbohydrate chemistry ppt lecture3 biochemistry
DESCRIPTION
Glycosaminoglycans or mucopolysaccharidesTRANSCRIPT
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Carbohydrate chemistry IIIGLYCOSAMINO GLYCANS
Dr. Vijay Marakala, MD.
Assistant professor BIOCHEMISTRY SIMS & RC
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POLYSACCHARIDES
• These are formed by the condensation of n molecules of monosaccharides with the removal of n-1 molecules of water. Since condensation involves the carbonyl groups of the sugars, leaving only one free carbonyl group at the end of a big molecule, polysaccharides are non-reducing.
• They are of 2 types:1. Homopolysaccharides (e.g. Starch, Glycogen, cellulose).
2. Heteropolysaccharides (e.g. glycosaminoglycans, glycoproteins)
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Glycosaminoglycans or Mucopolysaccharides
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GAGs
Structure of GAGs
Occurrence of GAGs
Functions of GAGs
Types of GAGs
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Structure of GAGs• A GAG is an unbranched polysaccharide, made
up of repeating disaccharides.• One component is always an aminosugar• Other component is uronic acid(except keratan
sulfate)• All the GAGs contain sulfate group(except
hyaluronic acid)• Thus GAGs are a polymer of [uronic acid-amino
sugar]n
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Occurrence of GAGs
• Proteoglycans are found in the:a) Synovial fluid of jointsb) Vitreous humour of the eyec) Arterial walld) Bonese) Cartilage
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Functions of GAGs
• Major components of the extracellular matrix• Producing a gel like matrix which functions as
a cushion against mechanical shocks.• They lubricate joints• They also give resilience (elasticity) to
cartilage
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Types of GAGs
Hyaluronic acid
Condroitin sulfate
Keratan sulfate
Dermatin sulfate
Heparin Heparin sulfate
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Hyaluronic acid
• N-acetyl glucosamine-Glucuronic acid
Disaccharide unit
• Synovial fluid, vitreous humour
Location
• Serve as lubricant and shock absorber
Function
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Condroitin sulfate
• N-acetyl galactosamine-Glucuronic acid
Disaccharide unit
• At sites of calcification in bone and cartilage
Location
• Provide an endoskeletal structure
Function
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Keratane sulfate
• N-acetyl glucosamine-Galactose
Disaccharide unit
• Cornea, loose connective tissue, cartilage
Location
• Transparency of cornea
Function
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Heparin
• Glucosamine-Glucuronic acid
Disaccharide unit
• Intracellular component of mast cell
Location
• Serves as an anticoagulant
Function
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Glycoproteins
• Protein component is predominant
• <4% carbohydrate
Proteoglycans
• Carbohydrate is major component
• >4% carbohydrate
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• Define carbohydrates. Classify them and give two examples for each class/subclass. Write a note on biological importance of carbohydrates.(10)
• Glycosaminoglycans/Mucopolysaccharides.(5)• Polysaccharides.(5)• Isomerism and stereoisomerism.(5)• Biological importance of carbohydrates.(5)• Mutarotation.(3)• Starch and glycogen.(3)• Write composition of following, indicating their
linkages.(3)• (a) SUCROSE (b) MALTOSE (c) LACTOSE.
IMORTANT QUESTIONS
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