biochemistry: carbohydrate

7/29/2019 BIOCHEMISTRY: CARBOHYDRATE

1/46

BIOCHEMISTRYOF CELL


2/46

The Study Of TheChemicals Of The

Living Organism

Prof. Vijay Mishra 2


3/46

THE CELLS

CELL: The Fundamental

Structural And FunctionalUnit Of Life

UNICELLULAR: amoebaMULTICELLULAR: man



4/46

Water

PoolProf. Vijay Mishra 4


5/46

CELLULAR

POOL

:Collection

Of Various Kinds

biomolecules of a CellORGANIC: Carbohydrates,

Proteins, FatsINORGANIC: Water, Salts

And Minerals Etc

THE CELLS



6/46

MACROMOLECULES:PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC

ACID

MICROMOLECULES:CARBOHYDRATES and

LIPIDSProf. Vijay Mishra 6


7/46Prof. Vijay Mishra 7


8/46Prof. Vijay Mishra 8


9/46

CARBOHYDRATES

MEANING: C(H2O), theproportion of carbon and

hydrogen is same as waterCOMPOSITION: C,H and O

GENERAL FORMULA:

CnH2nOnProf. Vijay Mishra 9


10/46

MONOSACCHARIDE

POLYSACCHARIDE

DISACCHARIDE

Classificationof

carbohydratesProf. Vijay Mishra 10


11/46

CARBOHYDRATES

The monosaccharide usually have

3 to 7carbon atoms per molecule

They named according to the

number of carbon atoms present-

1. Trioses (3c): C3H6O3;glyceraldehyde and

dihydroxyacetone

CnH2nOn



12/46


13/46

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Functional Groups aregroups of atoms in a

molecule that

participate incharacteristic reactions.



14/46

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Functional Groups aregroups of atoms in a

molecule that

participate incharacteristic reactions.



15/46

CARBOHYDRATES

FUNCTIONAL GROUP:

Either Aldehyde (-CHO)or Ketone (C=O) group

and two or moreHydroxyl (-OH) groups



16/46



17/46



18/46

CARBOHYDRATES



19/46



20/46

Classification Of Carbohydrates



21/46



22/46

MONOSACCHARIDES

LINEAR

CYCLIC



23/46

MONOSACCHARIDES



24/46

Soluble (s)

Sweet (s)Crystalline (c)

Simple Sugar (3-7c)

Monomer

MONOSACCHARIDES



25/46

MONOSACCHARIDES

May Be Aldoses

(Glucose,xylose)

Or may be Ketoses(Ribulose, Fructose)Prof. Vijay Mishra 25


26/46

i f C O C


27/46

Formation ofC-O-C

1 2


F i f l idi b d


28/46

During formation ofdisaccharide one water

molecule is release,called condensation

(DEHYDRATION)

reaction

Formation of glycosidic bond



29/46


HYDROLYSIS


30/46

HYDROLYSIS is the breakingof glycosidic bond by adding

water, releasing twomonosaccharide

HYDROLYSIS



31/46

Soluble (S)

Sweet (S)

Crystalline (C)

DISACCHARIDES



32/46


33/46



34/46

Complex carbohydratesConsists of thousands of

units of monosaccharide

May beHomopolysccharide or

Heteropolysaccharide

POLYSACCHARIDES



35/46

Insoluble (s)

Tasteless (s)

Amorphous (c)

POLYSACCHARIDES



36/46

General Formula:

(C6H10O5)n

Many CondensationReaction

POLYSACCHARIDES


O S CC S


37/46

POLYSACCHARIDES


ROLE OF CARBOHYDRATES


38/46


Primary SourceOf Energyformetabolism,

monosaccharide

like glucose is

main substratefor synthesis of

ATP Prof. Vijay Mishra 38



39/46

In mammals, disaccharide lactospresent in the milk, provides

energy to their babies





40/46

StoragePolysaccharides:

starch andglycogen acts as

the reserve food inplant and animal

respectively





41/46

Structural

Polysaccharides:

carbohydrateslike cellulose

formcomponent ofcell wall





42/46

Heteropolysaccharides:hyaluronic acid



EXCEPTIONS


43/46

EXCEPTIONS

There are some organic

compounds having samegeneral formula as

carbohydrates eg. acetic acid(CH3COOH), formaldehyde

(CH2O) lactic acid (C3H6O3)

CnH2nOn



44/46


EXCEPTIONS


45/46

EXCEPTIONS

Carbohydrates like

(C6H12O5),

(C6H12O4); do not followgeneral formula of

carbohydrates

CnH2nOn



46/46

LIPIDS

biochemistry: carbohydrate

Documents